Дисертації з теми "Perméabilité du sol"
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Daoud, Farid Zineddine. "La perméabilité des sols fins compactés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL056N.
Повний текст джерелаDes, Bourdes-Courtadeur Caroline. "Etude du transport de l'eau dans un sol labouré : modélisation 2D de l'infiltration et de la redistribution dans un sol à structure hétérogène." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0014.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is a study of water transport in a loamy soil presenting an heterogeneous structure. We characterized the hydraulic properties of the various soil recognized thought the cultivation profile. In the same plot, the infiltration and redistribution of a bromide rain were measured. Hydraulic properties differed between compacted zones and porous zones, in the ploughed layer between the wheel tracks. The bromide tracing showed preferential flows located at the border of the wheel tracks, and very limited flow within the wheel tracks. Water flows were very heterogeneous in the ploughed layer between the wheel tracks and mostly concentrated within the porous zones. We tried to reproduce the water fluxes using HYDRUS 2D model by accounting for the geometry of the soil volumes and their hydraulic properties. Water fluxes were well reproduced qualitatively. The simulations showed that the structure of the tilled layer has an important effect on
Ltifi, Mounir. "Étude expérimentale du vieillissement d'un sol argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL103N.
Повний текст джерелаBoucly-Norotte, Véronique. "Évolution des caractéristiques mécaniques et de la perméabilité de matériaux argileux sous l'effet de sollicitations thermiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569032.
Повний текст джерелаMantho, Altin Théodore. "Echanges sol-atmosphère - Application à la sécheresse." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001808.
Повний текст джерелаBottinelli, Nicolas. "Évolution de la structure et de la perméabilité d’un sol en contexte de non labour associé à l’apport d’effluent d’élevage." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546269.
Повний текст джерелаConservation tillage practices are increasingly being used by the farmers; however, their impacts on soil physical properties remain poorly documented, especially when they are combined to manure fertilization. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of reduced tillage and manure fertilization on soil structure and its permeability, particularly in relation with earthworm activity. This study was conducted at the Kerguéhennec experimental station, established in 2000, located in Brittany, France. Three tillage treatments were compared (moldboard plowing, surface tillage and no-tillage) along with two types of fertilizers (poultry manure and mineral). In the first part of this work, we were interested on methodologies to quantify earthworm biostructures (burrows and casts) and the impact of cultural practices on their abundance. In a second part, we have measured the combined effect of cultural practices and earthworm biostructures on the structural stability of aggregates, macroporosity and permeability of soil during one growing season
Le, Forner Sylvie. "Modélisation hydrologique des échanges surface-souterrain avec réseau de fossés en milieu agricole méditérranéen." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20098.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Hoang Dung. "Evaluation de l'impact de l'activité lombricienne sur la perméabilité des sols limoneux par des méthodes non-destructives et outils technologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILN044.
Повний текст джерелаStormwater management is always one of a challenge of urbanisation towards sustainable development. Therefore, best management practices (BMPs) are widely applied in urban planning and management. In addition, the evaluation and improvement of alternative stormwater management are still executed to reduce runoff volumes and quality on the ground by biological processing.The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of earthworm activity on the permeability of loamy clay soils through the type and density of earthworms. The experiment was based on two approaches, gravity flow to assess infiltration and high frequency radar (GPR) to assess earthworm activity.To accomplish the above objectives, two experimental models were set up: (i) one indoor experiment of boxes installed one type of earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) with controlled conditions (air room and soil humidity); (ii) one outdoor with the average scale with natural conditions. Two type of earthworms (i.e. Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea caliginosa) were experimented in boxes under parametric monitoring (measurement of the infiltration rate by gravity flow, measurement of the radar signal followed by a Fourier transform analysis).The first approach's findings indicate that the impacts of earthworms on soil infiltration (macropores and micropores) depend on the type of earthworms (i.e. Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea caliginosa, and combined two) and density of earthworms (25 individuals/m^2 ( ind/m^2 ), 50 ind/m^2 , 100 ind/m^2 ). In addition, the outcomes gave the relationship of soil's natural conditions (temperature, humidity). The second approach's findings show that Aporrectodea caliginosa gives better results with a 200% increase in patency in 233 days. While the increase caused by Lumbricus terrestris is only 77% for the same duration. The combination of the action of the two types of earthworms induces an increase of 107%.The signal processing (frequency) of the radar based on various methods (Reflexw and Matlab) show that the faster the variation of the average frequency, the more the activity of earthworms increases in the soil. Experimental results also showed a linear relationship between infiltration and mid-frequency spectra. The results show that the faster variation of mean frequency is, the more earthworm activities increase in the subsurface. The experimental results also showed a linear relationship between infiltration and mean frequency spectra.The research results quantified the linear relation between earthworm type, density and soil infiltration. The non-destructive geophysical technology is also a promising tool for evaluating earthworm activity and soil permeability
Vicol, Thierry. "Comportement hydraulique et mécanique d'un sol fin non saturé : Application à la modélisation." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9025.
Повний текст джерелаSammartino, Stéphane. "La caractérisation d'un matériau à faible perméabilité : mesures expérimentales et analyses d'images ; application à la tonalité du sud-Vienne, effet de l'altération." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2309.
Повний текст джерелаLarive, Elodie. "Etude expérimentale des roches à très faible perméabilité par la mise en oeuvre d'un perméamètre de précision." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20070.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Diansen. "Caractérisation par la mesure de perméabilité au gaz de l’endommagement mécanique et hydrique dans l’EDZ des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004660.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented here covers the investigations on the variation of geomechanical proprieties of the approximately 500 m deep MHM in France (mudstone in the departments of Meuse/Haute-Marne), chosen as a potential medium for nuclear waste disposal by ANDRA. In order to measure the very low permeability of mudstone and to observe the dependency on saturation, a special test scheme on measurement of gas permeability has been developed. In the scheme, in situ referenced stresses have been chosen as the stresses acting on the solid matrix. To estimate the mechanical damage of storage induced by the excavation, laboratory tests on gas permeability have been conducted on samples recovered from different locations situated at different distances from the wall of the main access shaft of the MHM (from 0,1 m to 12,5 m). Results of gas permeability obtained under iso of 11 MPa vary between 10-21 and 10-22 m² and do not show significant variations between damaged zones and intact zones. The variation of gas permeability under the cycle of loading and unloading is not significant. The oviparous intact samples have been imposed different saturations by salt solutions (with HR from 25 % to 98 %) to form a cycle of de- and re-saturation. The characters of mudstone during the sorption and desorption were measured and analyzed. Kgaz under iso of 5 MPa increases from 10-21 to 10-18 m² when the HR decreases from 98 % to 25 %. A quasi-linear relation between log(k) and Saturation has been observed and mathematically formulated. The study of kgaz as a function of deviator stress confirms that the effect of the deviator is not evident, even when the deviator excesses the damage threshold. The deformation and the acoustics velocity of samples have been traced during the tests and the microstructure of mudstone has been studied with the method of mercury intrusion. The factors influencing the measure of gas permeability, such as the Klinkenberg effect, the variation of saturation during the tests, the dissolution of gas in water and the water transformation due to the gas pressure, especially the leak tightness of the testing system, have been discussed in the study
Koriche, Mohamed Amine. "Caractérisation du comportement couplé des argilites de Meuse/Haute-Marne aux états saturé et partiellement saturé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL057N.
Повний текст джерелаThe framework of this thesis is to study the possibility to realize the underground waste isolation project in the clayey Callovo-Oxfordien. The layer is constituted of swelling clay rock called Meuse/Haute-Marne argilite. The aim is to define the behaviour of this rock by thermo-hydro- mechanical model proposed by Coussy (1991, 1995) at the saturated and partially saturated states. The parameters of this model can be measured by the direct or indirect experimental process. We realise different tests to determinate fluids transport properties in saturated and partially saturated conditions. The difficulty of these kinds of tests is the very low permeability of the argilite. That is why the transitive method has to be used. Ln quasi saturated conditions "the pulse test" method is chosen. This process proposed by Hsieh et al. (1881) allows the measurement of the intrinsic permeability, k, and the specific storage coefficient, Ss. These experiments have permitted to measure the order of magnitude of these two parameters and to estimate the anisotropy magnitude of permeability. The results of the series of investigation were compared to results obtained from other laboratories at the polytechnic school of Paris and the University of Lille. The conclusion of this comparison is that similar results were obtained. Ln the partially saturated conditions we have developed an original method to estimate the apparent permeability and the capillary capacity of argilite samples. Numerical analyses have permitted to mode! the bidirectional diffusion of liquid and gas fluid phases. Final tests consisted in wetting and drying cycles at different temperatures using microgravimetric and saturated saline solution methods. The aim is to verity the hypothesis that the saturation depends on the meniscus superficial tension gas/water only. We displayed the degrees of saturation as a function of capillary pressure at different temperatures. This graphic demonstrated that the hypothesis is not completely correct. The difference between theoretical and experimental results depends on the mode of interpretation of these results and the paths followed during the tests wetting or drying
Heydel, Christophe. "Elaboration d'un matériau barrière à base de poly(chlorure de vinyle) en vue d'améliorer la résistance aux salissures de revêtements de sol réalisés par enduction." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10218.
Повний текст джерелаBottinelli, Nicolas. "Evolution de la structure et de la perméabilité d'un sol en contexte de non labour associé à l'apport d'effluent d'élevage : rôle de l'activité lombricienne." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546269.
Повний текст джерелаHelson, Olivier. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique et durabilité des bétons de sol : influence des paramètres de formulation et conditions d'exposition." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0860/document.
Повний текст джерелаSoil improvement initially has been used as an economical solution to make soil constructible, particularly in the context of deep foundation methods using piles. There has been growing interest to improve understanding of the behavior of soil-mixing and jet-grouting material, which consist of mixing the soil in place with a hydraulic binder in order to form columns or panels of "soilcrete". In recent decades, these special foundations have had a great success in the United States, Japan and the Scandinavian countries. In Europe, the environmental consciousness and the ongoing trend to reuse existing material to reduce cost of construction are driving companies to contribute to the technological development of this discipline. Some mixing processes now seem to be sophisticated enough to provide structural elements such as foundations and supports.Unlike prefabricated materials, it is difficult to predict the properties of the material obtained through deep soil mixing due to uncertainties related to soil heterogeneity, environmental conditions and the quality of mixing on site. The objective of the thesis work is to address this need for prediction and performantial reliability of soilcrete by studying the influence of the formulation parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of the material. The high quantities of mixing water necessary to obtain a BAP consistency and the small particle size of the soil limit the mechanical properties of the soilscretes and as a consequence, are particularly sensitive to desiccation shrinkage. Besides, the high porosity of these materials also makes them more vulnerable to chemical aggressions. The ultimate objective of the research is to determine parameters for a better visibility of the lifetime of concrete structures in the soil.The approach tested in the laboratory consists of studying different soilcretes composed of "artificial" soils, CEM III / C cement and with a constant W/C ratio. The parametric study reveals a proportion by volume of clay in the soil beyond which the resistance decreases and thus the stiffness of the material can be problematic for some structural uses. The increase in resistance and the associated stiffness of the soilcrete by increasing the cement dosage is also quantified. The results show that the damage by mechanical load depends mostly on the cement dosage. From the experimental results, mathematical relations are proposed for the dimensioning phase. Various tests of accelerated aging help define thresholds for the indicators of durability (porosity and water permeability). The analysis of the microstructure of the material also shows the importance of the paste-aggregate interface and made it possible to identify some mechanisms of degradation in relation to the exposure conditions. To conclude, this work is finalised by a study of the behavior at high temperature
Vacassy, Robert. "Synthèse et caractérisations de membranes minérales de nanofiltration : Modélisations du transport de matière et de la perméabilité à l'eau." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20082.
Повний текст джерелаMahamout, Mahamat Baraka. "Mise en évidence d'effets magnétiques par voie Sol-gel sur des méta-lignes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the study of two type coplanar devices composite right / left handed (CRLH). It is about a zero order resonator (ZOR) and a metamaterial line (meta-line). In the first part, brief generalities on metamaterials, meta-lines and some domain of application are presented. Then tunable devices in frequency CRLH composite types are described and particularly those made of magnetic nanoparticles (sol-gel) made in the this work. The desired frequency agility was achieved with less loss in the devices. The second part concerns the doped sol -gel electromagnetic characterization. Some methods for electromagnetic characterization are presented. Then, those which have been used to characterize the sol-gel are presented. The third part is devoted to technological approaches and experimental results on electromagnetic characterization methods. Some deposition processes have been listed. The electromagnetic complex properties (ℰ* et μ*)of magnetic so-gel were determined
Kara, Redha. "Mesures in situ des tres faibles perméabilités : contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de mesure par expérimentation en vraie grandeur et modélisation numérique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL092N.
Повний текст джерелаKhvoenkova, Nina. "Homogénéisation d'un site de stockage et-ou d'entreposage, en milieu souterrain fracturé ou endommagé." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10108.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the development and the validation of homogenized flow and radioactive pollutant transport in the fractured rock obtained by homogenization method. We established homogenized models for different physical cases (thin or thick fracturation type, different relations between the permeability and diffusion coefficients, porosities and retard coefficients) from the experimental data on the granite or limestone sites. The homogenized equations keep the information on the microscopic system~: the exchange between fractures and matrix blocs and the initial nonhomogenised media. The studied microscopic models result in three different exchange types. The numerical study of homogenized models shows that the results are closes to the direct simulations. Conclusion is that it is possible to use the homogenization method for industrial needs
Massat, Myriam. "Caractérisation de la microfissuration, de la perméabilité et de la diffusion d'un béton : application au stockage des déchets radioactifs." Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0033.
Повний текст джерелаBensaid, A. "Mesures in-situ des pressions interstitielles. Application à la reconnaissance des sols." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523122.
Повний текст джерелаBouarafa, Sofia. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des sols non-saturés par infiltration des fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens : Application aux SuDS." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI076.
Повний текст джерелаUrban runoff is in some cases directed to infiltration devices called SuDS (Sustainable drainage systems). Characterization of the structural heterogeneity of these structures is necessary to ensure their proper functioning. The scientific aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for the hydrodynamic characterization of the SuDS using simple and non-destructive in-situ infiltrometry techniques. The aim of the first approach is to describe the hydrodynamic operation of the Suds, based on water infiltration tests by the Beerkan device and by multi-tension disc infiltrometry. Beerkan infiltration curves were analyzed using the three BEST (Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters) methods: slope, intercept and steady, and the disc infiltrometer infiltration curves were studied by validated analytical methods from the literature. These techniques were effective in characterizing the studied SuDS and revealed some hydrodynamic malfunctions. The second approach addressed in this work focuses on the characterization of the distribution of effective pores by analyzing the infiltration of water and non-Newtonian fluids by using the ANA model (named after its designers Abou-Najm and Atallah), which has so far only been applied to synthetic porous media under controlled laboratory hydraulic conditions. This model was adjusted to in-situ tests by developing a measurement protocol and methodology for calculating the model input parameters from experimental field data, combining the Beerkan method, the BEST model and the ANA model. Comparison of the obtained distributions with the results of the conventional approach for estimating effective porosity by infiltrometry confirmed the effectiveness of the method. This application also allowed to identify the limits of the assumptions considered in the calculations of th ANA model entry data and to define possible prospects for improving the accuracy of the results
Don, Mello Ahoua. "Consolidation des sols fins saturés sous charges cycliques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523187.
Повний текст джерелаKébré, Bawindsom. "Gestion des ressources en eau dans les régions arides : analyse expérimentale d’un sol type du Burkina Faso et modélisation numérique des transferts d’eau." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20214/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe study presented in this thesis focuses on an experimental analysis of physical properties (densities, porosity, particle size distribution) and hydrodynamic properties (desorption isotherm, soil-water characteristic curve, saturated permeability) of an arid soil from Burkina Faso and numerical simulation of water transfers. The transfer modelling is addressed through thermodynamic approach which provides a general framework to describe both the water state in the soil and the transport mechanisms: filtration of liquid phase, water vapor diffusion, liquid/vapor phase change. Experimental attempts of water transfer in soil columns, sealed and placed into a controlled temperature chamber, have established the evolution of water content profiles over time. The experimental configuration is chosen so that only the filtration of water liquid phase is taken into account. These experimental profiles were used to estimate, by inverse approach, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at low water contents. Consideration of film flows in the relative permeability modelling corrects the shortcomings of capillary bundle models used to describe water flow from saturation to oven-dryness. The coefficients of phase change near and far from equilibrium modeled from experimental results prove non-equilibrium liquid/gas existence. It appears that the liquid/gas non-equilibrium at low water content is more pronounced with the capillary model with a frank drying front at the soil surface. Consideration of film flows extends liquid phase filtration into the soil until the hygroscopic state with a liquid water flux maintained at the soil surface for longer times
Boulin, Pierre. "Expérimentation et modélisation du transfert d'hydrogène à travers des argiles de centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0086.
Повний текст джерелаGases will be generated by corrosion of high radioactive waste containers in deep geological repositories. A gas phase will be generated. Gas pressure will build up and penetrated the geological formation. If gases do not penetrate the geological barrier efficiently, the pressure build up may create a risk of fracturation and of creation of preferential pathways for radionuclide migration. The present work focuses on Callovo-Oxfordian argillites characterisation. An experiment, designed to measure very low permeabilities, was used with hydrogen/helium and analysed using the Dusty Gas Model. Argillites close to saturation have an accessible porosity to gas transfer that is lower than 0,1% to 1% of the porosity. Analysis of the Knudsen effect suggests that this accessible network should be made of 50 nm to 200 nm diameter pores. The permeabilities values were integrated to an ANDRA operating model. The model showed that the maximum pressure expected near the repository would be 83 bar
Boulin, Pierre. "Expérimentation et Modélisation du Transfert d'hydrogène à travers des argiles de centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331826.
Повний текст джерелаReynes, Jérôme. "Procédé de confinement d'éléments radioactifs à vie longue par frittage d'une matrice poreuse de silice." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20143.
Повний текст джерелаBouteldja, Fathe. "Diagnostic en place et prévision de l'évolution d'un système d'assainissement non collectif." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725242.
Повний текст джерелаDoucoure, Abdoulaye. "Polymérisation plasma de monomères fluorocarbonés sur des membranes inorganiques macro et mésoporeuses pour des applications en perméation gazeuse." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20067.
Повний текст джерелаGhliss, Naoufal. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques et hydrauliques d'une argile compactée soumise à des succions contrôlées." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0017.
Повний текст джерелаKébré, Marcel Bawindsom. "Gestion des Ressources en Eau dans les Régions Arides: Analyse Expérimentale d'un Sol Type du Burkina Faso et Modélisation Numérique des Transferts d'Eau." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012040.
Повний текст джерелаYuan, Haifeng. "Caractérisation expérimentale des propriétés de poromécaniques et de transfert de l’argilite du COx." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0030/document.
Повний текст джерелаCOx argillite has been selected as the host rock for the storage of high-activity long-live (HALL) radioactive waste in France. It will suffered the gas and water intrusion, sometimes suffered the severe thermal conditions during the sealing process. Therefore, in order to evaluate the safety of this natural barrier, it is very important to understand the poromechanical properties and transport properties of this material as well as the thermal effects. This work use gas to measure Biot’s coefficient and shows that it is nearly equal to 1 in humid conditions. However, there is a gas adsorption and induced an additional swelling deformation on dry material, this effect also has a significant effect on the transport properties of the gas according to its nature. The transport and saturation properties were examined by gas technique and compared with the usual measurements. The tests also show that the permeability of in situ water is about 10-20-10-21 m² and much lower than gas. Lastly, it is found that Biot’s coefficient is not significantly affected by the thermal effect, but the relative gas permeability of argillite is significantly affected by this effect
Djiemon, Deuga Anicet, and Deuga Anicet Djiemon. "Les forêts d'arbres décisionnels et la régression linéaire pour étudier les effets du sous-solage et des drains agricoles sur la hauteur des plants de maïs et les nappes d'eau dans un sol à perméabilité réduite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34905.
Повний текст джерелаLes travaux de sous-solage qui améliorent le drainage interne et décompactent des horizons rendus pratiquement imperméables par la compaction profonde seraient bénéfiques aux sols de faible perméabilité. Le sous-solage profond exécuté perpendiculairement aux drains avec un bélier (bulldozer) pourrait être plus efficace pour temporairement améliorer le drainage de ces sols qu’une sous-soleuse conventionnelle attelée à un tracteur et opérée en mode parallèle aux drains. Toutefois, les aménagements réalisés pour améliorer le drainage de surface et interne de ces sols rendent complexe l’évaluation de ces pratiques en dispositif expérimental. L’objectif principal de ce projet était de comparer les forêts d’arbres décisionnelles (FAD) à la régression linéaire multiple (RLM) pour détecter les effets du sous-solage et des systèmes de drainage souterrain et de surface sur la hauteur des plants et la profondeur moyenne de la nappe durant la saison de croissance. Un essai de sous solage a été réalisé à l’automne 2014, dans une argilelimoneuse Kamouraska naturellement mal drainée, remodelée en planches arrondies et souffrant de compaction importante. L’essai comparait un témoin sans sous-solage à quatre traitements de sous-solage, soit une sous-soleuse sur bélier ou sur tracteur, opérées parallèlement ou perpendiculairement aux drains. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois et disposé aléatoirement en autant de blocs. Au printemps 2016, 198 puits ont été creusés à 60 cm de profondeur pour enregistrer la profondeur de la nappe sous chaque traitement entre juin et juillet 2016. La photogrammétrie a été utilisée pour estimer la hauteur des plants de maïs. Les FAD et la RLM permettent de détecter les principaux facteurs affectant la hauteur des plants de maïs et la profondeur moyenne de la nappe, soit les aménagements antérieurs pour améliorer le drainage interne et le drainage de surface des sols. Les coefficients de détermination obtenus avec les FAD (R2 ≥ 0,94) étaient toutefois plus élevés que ceux obtenus avec la RLM (R2 ≥ 0,28). Aucun traitement de sous-solage n’a amélioré significativement le drainage interne ni la hauteur des plants de maïs par rapport au témoin sans sous-solage. Les FAD permettent en outre de mieux visualiser les relations non linéaires entre les variables prédites et les autres variables, notamment la position sur la planche et la distance aux drains souterrains, et finalement de déterminer les distances aux drains souterrains optimales (< 2 m) et critiques (> 4 m), la distance optimale à la raie de curage (> 8 m) et la profondeur moyenne critique de la nappe (< 0,25 m). Les FAD permettent ainsi de prédire la hauteur des plants de maïs et la profondeur moyenne de la nappe avec une plus grande précision qu’avec la RLM.
Faccendini, Jean-Pierre. "Caractérisation d'une pollution de sols granulaires par des hydrocarbures issus de la pyrolyse de la houille." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529342.
Повний текст джерелаAgboli, Mensan. "Étude expérimentale de l'impact de la propagation et de l'autocolmatage des fissures sur la perméabilité à l'eau et au gaz de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0070.
Повний текст джерелаThe excavation of underground galleries generally results in a zone damaged by fractures. In the context of the storage of radioactive waste in deep clay layers, this network of fractures desaturates the host rock and causes it to lose its confinement properties (very low permeability, good mechanical strength). This thesis focuses on the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx), a geological formation chosen in France (Bure, Meuse/Haute-Marne) for its potential as a containment barrier for radioactive waste. Using an experimental approach, the impact of crack propagation and self-sealing on the water and gas permeability of the COx claystone was studied. Self-sealing tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens artificially fractured under X-ray tomography, under different orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane) and temperatures, with different calcite contents, different opening widths of the initial fracture, and with the injection of different fluids such as water and gas. The objective being to better understand the impact of these different factors on the self-sealing process of the COx claystone (changes in permeability and fracture closure). Furthermore, fracturing tests with measurement of gas permeability were also carried out for the two orientations in order to study the impact of microcracking damage on the hydraulic properties of the COx claystone. It has been observed that the mineralogical composition of the claystone plays a determining role in the effectiveness of self-sealing. High calcite content, combined with low clay content, has been identified as a limiting factor, thereby compromising the rock's ability to self-seal effectively. To guarantee effective sealing, it is necessary that the calcite content remains below 40%. In general, the self-sealing process is rapid at the start of the test and then stabilizes after a month. The water permeability of the samples is partially restored (~10-18-10-19 m²) compared to the initial permeability of healthy claystone (i.e. without fracture) (~10-20- 10-21 m²) and the closure of the fracture is almost complete. Furthermore, the self-sealing process appears to be equally effective for both parallel and perpendicular orientations. The impact of temperature on the self-sealing process has not been clearly demonstrated. Regarding the simultaneous injection of inert gas and water, our study demonstrated a retarding effect on the reduction of water permeability, mainly due to gas-induced desaturation. Despite this delay, the self-sealing process proved effective, inducing a significant reduction in permeability. The fracturing tests (triaxial compression tests) showed that the gas permeability gradually decreases for both orientations with increasing deviatoric stress, illustrating the closure of the initial cracks due to the axial compression of the samples. For higher deviatoric stresses, a significant increase in gas permeability is observed near the dilatancy threshold, particularly in samples oriented parallel to the bedding plane. This suggests a close link between the opening of microcracks and the increase in permeability
Bouteldja, Fathe. "Diagnostic en place et prévision de l'évolution d'un système d'assainissement non collectif." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21959.
Повний текст джерелаMaghear, Adela. "Development of new types of composite electrodes based on natural clays and their analytical applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0201/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is devoted to the development of composite electrodes based on natural clays and their electrochemical characterization for analytical purposes, in particular for the determination of metal cations (Cu2+) and some therapeutic substances. The first experimental chapter is devoted to a comparative study of the chemical, structural and physico-chemical properties of two natural clays extracted from two sites in Romania. It appears that Valea Chioarului clay, of montmorillonite type, has the most interesting properties with a high specific surface area (190 m2/g). The second chapter presents a prospective analysis of the two clays as electrode materials using a clay/polyelectrolyte composite film. Three target molecules of pharmaceutical interest have been selected: ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and acetaminophen. This last molecule can be detected either by direct oxidation or through an electro-enzymatic reaction with horseradish peroxidase. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to the use of clays exchanged by ammonium cations for copper detection. Thus, Valea Chioarului clay was partially exchanged with tétrabutylammumium. The permeability of the organoclay films coated with a cellulose membrane was studied by using different electroactive probes of different charging, Ru(NH3)63+, [Fe(CN)6]3-, Fc(MeOH)2. The experimental conditions were then optimized for the detection of Cu (II) and Cd (II) with the modified electrodes by square wave voltammetry. In the last chapter, an original modified electrode configuration was developed. This implies composite mesoporous silica-clay electrodes prepared by electrodeposition in the presence or absence of a surfactant, like cetyltrimethylammonium. The permeability of the films was also investigated with the above mentioned molecules. It appears that the extraction of the surfactant leads to very stable and homogeneous porous films that show Cu (II) accumulation properties
Gigleux, Sylvain. "Modélisation du transfert des pesticides du sol jusqu'à l’aquifère : étude par approches de complexité croissante - site de Montreuil-sur-Epte." Thesis, Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0043/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe continuum ground-vadose zone-aquifer is rarely studied in the modeling of pesticides because it requires elaborate tools and methodology. These tools may have variable levels of complexity, the simplest being the global model and most complex, the hydrogeological model of transport in 3D taking into account each compartment in detail. In this context, a modeling associating in a dynamic way, tools or specific methods to each compartment will be an interesting intermediate solution. A progressive approach of hydrodynamic modeling and transfer modeling of pesticides applied to the case of the Brévilles spring catchment in Montreuil-sur-Epte (Val d'Oise) has been carried out and provided a coupled model 1D / 2D taking into account the flow and transport in the ground, the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone
Rocklin, Pascal. "Conception de sondes de détection et développement de techniques de mesure in situ de la contamination de matrices solides (sols, déchets) par des composés organiques volatils." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL049N.
Повний текст джерелаM'jahad, Sofia. "Impact de la fissuration sur les propriétés de rétention d‘eau et de transport de gaz des géomatériaux : Application au stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of geological disposal of radioactive waste, this work contributes to the characterization of the effect of diffuse damage on the water retention and gas transfer properties of concrete (CEM I and CEM V) selected by Andra, Callovo-Oxfordian argillite (host rock) and argillite / concrete interfaces. This study provides information on the concrete microstructure from Mercury porosimetry intrusion and water retention curves: each concrete has a distinct microstructure, CEM I concrete is characterized by a significant proportion of capillary pores while CEM V concrete has a large proportion of C-S-H pores. Several protocols have been developed in order to damage concrete. The damage reduces water retention capacity of CEM I concrete and increases its gas permeability. Indeed, gas breakthrough pressure decreases significantly for damaged concrete, and this regardless of the type of concrete. For argillite, the sample mass increases gradually at RH = 100%, which creates and increases damage in the material. This reduces its ability to retain water. Otherwise, water retention and gas transport properties of argillite are highly dependent of its initial water saturation, which is linked to its damage. Finally, we observed a clogging phenomenon at the argillite/concrete interfaces, which is first mechanical and then hydraulic (and probably chemical) after water injection. This reduces the gas breakthrough pressure interfaces
Saïtta, Adrien. "Modélisation élastoplastique du comportement mécanique des sols. Application à la liquéfaction des sables et à la sollicitation d'expansion de cavité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523272.
Повний текст джерелаTarog, Ioana. "Perméabilité et érosion interne des mélanges sable-argile : Combustion théorique et expériemntale." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0068.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is a study of the internal erosion of the grounds and fill artificial. Erosion by mechanical wrenching of the particles of ground is analyzed using the evolution of the hydraulic conductivity of a porous environment prefissured under the action of a flow. The first two parts are devoted on the one hand to the phenomenon of internal erosion under the aspects of typology, the origin and the mechanisms of evolution, and on the other hand with the concept of permeability, as well as with the theoretical and empirical approaches used for the estimate of the hydraulic conductivity of the porous environments or of mixtures sands - clay. These two parts, in bibliographical matter, make it possible to pose the bases of this work and to understand the mechanisms which control the studied phenomenon. The third part relates to theoretical modelings, by a self-coherent method, permeability of bicomposite mixtures (materials permeable and impermeable, of type mixes sand/clay, for the ground compacted), and tri-composite (materials permeable, impermeable and infinitely permeable, of type mixes sand/clay/pocket of water, for the ground partially compacted). The fourth part presents the designed experimental device, which makes it possible to follow the hydraulic characteristics of a prefissured material, during the development of internal erosion, as well as the tests undertaken on samples of mixtures of sand/clay. This device consists of the juxtaposition of a hydraulic test and a mechanical system of creation. Of crack. From measurements of hydraulic conductivity, we deduce the variation from the opening of the crack which pro vides indications on the kinetics of internal erosion
Atwa, Mohamed. "Analyse numérique des écoulements d'eau et de la consolidation des sols autour de tunnels creusés dans l'argile." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523305.
Повний текст джерелаGaidi, Laouni. "Transfert par infiltration de l'eau et du soluté dans les sols non saturés : utilisation de la méthode TDR (Time Domaine Reflectometry)." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0006/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at a better knowledge of the simultaneous transfer of water and solute for a better dimensioning of the sealing systems. To follow this transfer in real time and in continuous, we used the TDR probes. The experimental device developed allows the measurement of the moisture and electric conductivity profiles during infiltration. This measurement of the soil water content and the soil electric conductivity is necessary to evaluate the leakage potential of a sealing barrier. We carried out a series of infiltration tests in columns on: a clayey sand, a clay (of Gault), two alluvia layers separate by a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and columns containing a drainage material. The study of the water and the leachates infiltration in the clayey sand under a null hydraulic head shows that the compacted soil saturation process is done by the combination of a phenomenon of convection and of diffusion. The electric conductivity profiles analysis shows that the solute transport is also done by dispersion and convection. We could note that the infiltration of a liquid does not depend only on the soil type, but also depends on the type of liquid and of the chemical elements which contains. The impact of the leachate on the soil results from the reduction of the transit time and of the equilibrium water content i. E. The quantity of water which the soil can retain
Ait, Saadi Lotfi. "Méthodologie de contrôle de l'homogénéité et de la perméabilité des barrières argileuses." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, waste management, as water management, constitutes a major concern for the environmental protection. Many fundamental and applied works were carried out these last years in order to develop concrete solutions to improve the prevention of the impact of the domestic waste storage centers on the underground medium. Usually, the establishment of the permeability control points of clay barrier of waste storage center is done in a random or statistical way, which always does not enable us to detect the possible anomalies of the argillaceous barriers. A heterogeneity can cause the principal escapes in the natural or compacted layer, whose sealing is its principal function. This thesis has for main goal the characterization of the hydraulic performances homogeneity of the passive safety barriers of the domestic waste storage centers, based on the use of geophysical methods. We present an original methodology for the determination of the permeability control points location, according to the resistivity contrasts observed on the resistivity maps of the clay barrier. To this end, we carried out geophysical prospections of several clay barriers in the bottom and the coverage of storage centers, by using various methods (electric, electrostatic and electromagnetic). The permeabilities were measured in situ on the surface and in drilling, and in the laboratory on taking away intact samples. In this research, we also define a new permeability test procedure in the laboratory, in drillings and on the surface using the pulse test method, allowing to qualify the compacted layer quickly and thus not to delay in an excessive way compaction work
Cheriaf, Malik. "Amélioration de la mesure de la perméabilité verticale in situ." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0086.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to improve the in-situ vertical permeability measurement in unsaturated soils. In pursuance of French law, a barrier of controlled landfill site must have a permeability less than 1E-09 m/s at a depth of 5 meter. Artificial analysis of several existing devices based principally on the accurate measurement of low infiltration rate and their automation, led us to conceive a new device. This pressio-infiltrometer is based on the principle of the pressiopermeameter, that is, it allow the application of pressure on the test fluids and, in addition presents other advantages such as: a precise and continuous recording of the inflitratted water volume in the inner and outer rings. After having described, In-Situ, the behaviour of the pressiopermeameter, in an unsaturated an saturated soil media, and that of a long term laboratory test with the aid of pressio-infiltrometer of a swelling soil (sand-bentonite mixing) and of a non swelling (sand-cement mixing), we present the experimental results and methods of interpretational using a numerical model
Iskandar, Antoine. "Caractérisation de l'espace poreux de roches sédimentaires par l'étude d'équilibres capillaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569140.
Повний текст джерелаGuillemot, François. "Couches poreuses de silice structurées par des latex : structure, propriétés mécaniques et applications optiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00543809.
Повний текст джерелаBentoumi, Okba. "Transfert par infiltration de l'eau dans les sols fins compactes non saturés : Etude de la diffusivité et de la conductivité hydraulique." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0100.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the conditions that has to fulfill by a barrier in a waste disposal site is to insure a coefficient of permeability less than l0(exp)-9m/s. The measurement of this permeability poses a lot of difficulties to which hydric transfer in unsaturated soils should be able to resolve. In this framework, the experimental results related to study of water transfer by infiltration in a compact unsaturated fine soil under a well defined initial and boundary conditions are presented. Firstly, a parametric study has been performed on the Givors silt; infiltration tests have been realized under various conditions. This study allowed the identification of the different parameters that can influence the hydric transfer in a unsaturated soil and to define an experimental procedure for field measurement of coefficient of permeability. Secondly, this parametric study was completed with a series of infiltration tests realized on a sail column,225mm high, for which the analysis of the hydric profile and suction was possible with the use of a new experimental device. A second procedure for permeability coefficient measurement of in-situ was proposed. The instantaneous profile method has been applied on results of infiltration tests on the soil column,225mm high, to establish the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and volumic water content or suction. Mualem and Van Genuchten model were also applied and verified