Дисертації з теми "Perméabilisation de la membrane des lysosomes"
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Alvarez, Valadez Karla. "Targeting intracellular cholesterol transport for inducing lysosomal damage and immunogenic cell death in cancer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASL123.
Повний текст джерелаLysosomes serve as an intracellular platform that coordinates anabolic and catabolic processes, cell signaling, and transcriptional programs. These organelles allow the adaptation of cancer cells to a changing microenvironment by supplying them with essential metabolites and energy for their survival and proliferation. A major player in the lysosomal adaptive response is the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which is part of the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MIT/TFE) family of transcription factors. TFEB plays a pivotal role in driving the expression of several genes associated with lysosome function and biogenesis, including those participating in autophagy. The latter is a critical lysosomal catabolic process in the cell. While TFEB and autophagy function as adaptive mechanisms to reestablish cellular homeostasis in response to stressors, TFEB-induced lysosomal biogenesis and enlargement can render cancer cells more vulnerable to compounds targeting lysosomes. This vulnerability opens the door for developing new strategies to combat cancers by simultaneously targeting the lysosome and activating TFEB. This study initially aimed to uncover novel pharmacological agents that function as agonists of TFEB and exhibit substantial cytotoxicity against cancer cells. By conducting cell-based drug screening of the Prestwick library, consisting of 1200 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds, we identified two antidepressants, sertraline and indatraline, as potent inducers of TFEB nuclear translocation. Both compounds promoted cholesterol accumulation within lysosomes, resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization, disruption of autophagy, and cell death. Molecular docking analysis unveiled that indatraline and sertraline may inhibit cholesterol traffic by binding to the same cavity where cholesterol typically binds to the lysosomal cholesterol transporters, Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) and NPC2. In cancer cells, sertraline and indatraline elicited immunogenic cell death, converting dying cells into prophylactic vaccines that were able to protect against tumor growth in mice. In a therapeutic setting, a single dose of each compound was sufficient to significantly reduce the outgrowth of established tumors in a T cell-dependent manner. These results identify sertraline and indatraline as immunostimulatory agents that operate through a novel mechanism that connects lysosomal cholesterol accumulation to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, ultimately leading to immunogenic cell death. These results support the repositioning of sertraline and indatraline as immunostimulatory agents for cancer treatment and encourage the broadening of this study to other lysosomal cholesterol transport inhibitors
Ebrahim, Roshan. "Biogenesis of lysosomes in macrophages : intracellular pathway of lysosomal membrane protein to lysosomes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3126.
Повний текст джерелаMilioni, Dimitra. "Perméabilisation photocontrôlée de la membrane biologique : étude en systèmes modèles et en cellules." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833272.
Повний текст джерелаAtakpa, Peace. "Ca2+ signalling between the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288002.
Повний текст джерелаCrombie, Andrea Rene. "Lysosomal integral membrane protein II, a member of the CD36 gene family : comparative analysis of structure-function relationships /." Access full-text from WCMC, 1998. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733079741&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаJohansson, Ann-Charlotte. "Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization : A Cellular Suicide Stragegy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Experimentell patologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11614.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last decade, a tremendous gain in knowledge concerning the molecular events of apoptosis signaling and execution has been achieved. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lysosomal proteases, cathepsins, in signaling for apoptosis. We identified cathepsin D as an important factor in staurosporine-induced human fibroblast cell death. After release to the cytosol, cathepsin D promoted mitochondrial release of cytochrome c by proteolytic activation of Bid. Cathepsin D-mediated cleavage of Bid generated two fragments with the apparent molecular mass of 15 and 19 kDa. By sequence analysis, three cathepsin D-specific cleavage sites, Phe24, Trp48, and Phe183, were identified. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism by which cathepsins escape the lysosomal compartment, and found that Bax is translocated from the cytosol to lysosomes upon staurosporine treatment. In agreement with these data, recombinant Bax triggered release of cathepsins from isolated rat liver lysosomes. Conceivably, the Bcl-2 family of proteins may govern release of pro-apoptotic factors from both lysosomes and mitochondria. The importance of lysosomal cathepsins in apoptosis signaling was studied also in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells following exposure to the redox-cycling drug naphthazarin or agonistic anti-Fas antibodies. In this experimental system, cathepsins were released to the cytosol, however, inhibition of neither cathepsin D, nor cysteine cathepsin activity suppressed cell death. Interestingly, cysteine cathepsins still appeared to be involved in activation of the caspase cascade. Cathepsins are often overexpressed and secreted by cancer cells, and it has been reported that extracellular cathepsins promote tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we propose that cathepsin B secreted from cancer cells may suppress cancer cell death by shedding of the Fas death receptor. Defects in the regulation of apoptosis contribute to a wide variety of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration and autoimmunity. Increased knowledge of the molecular details of apoptosis could lead to novel, more effective, treatments for these illnesses. This thesis emphasizes the importance of the lysosomal death pathway, which is a promising target for future therapeutic intervention.
Ménorval, Marie-Amélie de. "Etude de la perméabilisation de la membrane plasmique et des membranes des organites cellulaires par des agents chimiques et physiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114840/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is possible to permeabilize the cellular plasma membrane by using chemical agents (as polyethylen glycols or diméthylsulfoxyde) or physical agents (as ulstrasounds or electric pulses). This permeabilization can be reversible or not, meaning that after the permeabilization, the membrane recovers its integrity and its hemi-permeable properties. These techniques can be used for the uptake of medicines or nucleic acids or to generate cellular fusions. A recent approach, the molecular dynamics, uses numerical simulations to predict the effects of permeabilizing agents at the molecular scale, allowed generating of new data to understand the molecular mechanisms that are not completely known yet.The pulses so called “classical” in electropermeabilization, from the range of the ten of milliseconds to the hundred of microseconds and with a field amplitude in the range of 100 kV/m, can only permeabilize the plasma membrane. However, more recently, shorter pulses, so called nanopulses (few nanosecondes) and with an higher field amplitude (in the range of 10 MV/m) have been used and allow to affect also cellular organelles membranes.This thesis is, in a first time, about the permeabilizing effects of a chemical gent (the diméthylsulfoxyde, DMSO) by comparing predictive models from molecular dynamics with experiments in vitro on cells. The numerical model predicts three regimes of action depending on the DMSO concentration. Used at low concentration, there is a plasma membrane deformation. The use of an intermediate concentration lead to membrane pores formation and higher DMSO concentrations resulted in membrane destruction. The experiments done in vitro on cells confirmed these results using the following of permeabilization markers. This study has been compared to permeabilization due to a physical agent (electric pulses).Secondly, it is about the development and the use of a new cell exposure device for nanopulses that permit to apply very high electric fields and to observe induced cellular effects simultaneously by microscopy.To finish, this device has been used with nanopulses to generate calcium peaks in mesenchymal stem cells that are presenting spontaneous calcium oscillations in correlation to their differentiation state.. These induced peaks are due to the release of the calcium stored in organelles and/or to plasma membrane permeabilization leading to a intramembrane calcium flux establishment. It is also possible to use microsecond pulses to generate calcium peaks in these cells. In this case, the calcium peaks are due to the plasma membrane permeabilization . By changing the amplitude of the applied electric fields and the presence or the absence of external calcium, it is possible to manipulate cytosolic calcium concentrations by mobilizing internal or external calcium. One feature of these new tools is to be triggered and stopped instantly without reminiscence, unlike chemical molecules permitting the production of calcium peaks. These tools could therefore lead to a better understanding of the involvement of calcium in mechanisms such as differentiation, migration or fertilization
Johansson, Ann-Charlotte. "Lysosomal membrane permeabilization : a cellular suicide strategy /." Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11614.
Повний текст джерелаTrainito, Claudia. "Study of cell membrane permeabilization induced by pulsed electric field – electrical modeling and characterization on biochip." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN008/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing interest for new methodologies based on the use of the electric field to characterize the cells or tissue cells and generate brought promising development in research laboratories and industry: cancer diagnosis, electrochemotherapy (insertion of a drug after cell membranes permeabilization), gene therapy (insertion of a therapeutic gene), immunotherapy (anti-tumor vaccines obtained by electrofusion of dendritic cells and cancer cells to activate the immune system).The application of electrical pulses to cells or cell tissues induces a change in their properties, in particular on their membranes which become transiently permeable, and temporarily allow the passage of ions and macromolecules. Effect linked to the permeabilization phenomenon have been partially characterized by epi-fluorescence microscopy. Nevertheless, in order to perform the real-time monitoring of the electroporation process and know its dynamics, the electrical sample characterization is employed. Thus the aim of this work is to implement a real-time monitoring of dielectrical characteristics changes, on a wide frequency range, of a cellular tissue or a single cell, before, during and after the pulsed electric field application.As part of my thesis a model of the biological system has been developed to better describe the phenomena observed experimentally: effect of electrical stress on cell viability, on the permeability of the outer membrane, induced effects on the intracellular compounds, dynamics of membrane fusion.The degree of permeabilization of the biological sample (cells or tissues) is non linearly dependent of several parameters, which makes complicated the development of the model and its interpretation.The detection of a specific level of permeabilization is done in real time (measure of the level of permeabilization before, during and after the electric pulses application). This cell permeabilization level control could eventually be parallelized on a chip dedicated to the electroporation of a large number of cells. The latter can be used to optimize the electric pulses parameters in order to reach the desired permeabilization level. In order to have a multi-scale overview of the phenomenon, the study was performed on different size-level: from the tissue level (millimeter scale) to the single cell model through the intermediate scales (cell spéroides characterization).In the latter two cases (spheroid, single cell) the biological sample is isolated in a microfluidic biochip where the electric field solicitation are applied (micrometer scale).The microdevice designed and fabricated during this work, allows the real time characterization of the cell permeabilization. Furthermore the miniaturization of the system is crucial to work at the level of the single cell, and make possible the application of electrical fields of high amplitude, high frequency and spatially localized
Kotnik, Tadej. "Influence de la dynamique du champ électrique sur l'efficacité de l'électroperméabilisation de la membrane cellulaire." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T026.
Повний текст джерелаZheng, Xiujun. "Probing living cells by terahertz Attenuated Total Reflection : permeabilization dynamics of the cell membrane." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX079.
Повний текст джерелаTerahertz radiation is located in the electromagnetic range between far infrared and microwaves, corresponding to frequencies between 0.1 and 10 THz. This spectral range is currently largely under-exploited, but its application to the study of biological objects has already shown a strong potential, in the detection of skin cancer, ion flow monitoring or biosensors. In the field of biology, which is of particular interest to us here, the terahertz range makes it possible to quantify and discriminate solutes of biological interest thanks to the interaction with low-frequency modes of liquid water, and thus to study biomolecules, microorganisms and cells in their physiological environment. The first part of this thesis work consisted in studying the dynamics of membrane permeabilization of living cells by attenuated total reflection (ATR) with our device based on a femtosecond laser and the generation of ultrashort terahertz pulses. Monolayers of MDCK epithelial cells were exposed to varying concentrations of saponin, a detergent that digs holes in the cell membrane. The dynamics obtained were then compared to a theoretical model describing the physical behavior of the cell layer, taking into account the diffusion of detergent molecules and the physical characteristics of the membrane. The good agreement between experiment and theory indicates that membrane permeabilization is limited mainly by the diffusion of detergent molecules and their binding to the membrane.In a second part, we developed a completely new system based on a continuous terahertz QCL source at 2.5 THz. This new instrument is based on a very simplified design, with a single ATR prism and a single detector, and on the dual modulation of the terahertz beam using a mechanical chopper. This chopper synchronizes the dual modulation and defines the measurement and reference zones. The long-term stability of this device has been greatly enhanced by the precise control of temperature and humidity inside the device. Performance is excellent in both the short and long term. A signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB is achieved over 300ms, and remains above 30 dB for several hours. In addition, a theoretical and experimental study has been carried out to calibrate the instrument. Thus, the ATR reflection coefficients of several solutions of biological interest (ions, sugars and proteins) were obtained over a wide range of concentrations. A sensitivity at least 20 times higher than that of the existing literature was thus obtained. Thanks to this new high-performance system, we studied the dynamics of membrane permeabilization following the action of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The first results showed that the encapsulation of photosensitizers by micellar vectors significantly improves the efficiency of PDT
Martins, Trindade Dario. "Contribution of the adenine nucleotide carrier, porin, and sphingolipid metabolism to mitochondria membrane permeabilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22133/document.
Повний текст джерелаA decisive event in the cell’s life-or-death decision is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). The biochemical events responsible for MOMP, are not entirely defined. Two major and distinct mechanisms have been implicated in the control of MOMP: i) the action of Bcl-2 family proteins, which can directly engage the outer mitochondria membrane (OMM) and induce the opening of pores; and ii) the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), an inner membrane unselective channel that induces mitochondria swelling upon long term openings, and eventual rupture of the OMM. The growing interest in cell death biology, fostered by the relevant contributions of yeast to the understanding of basic biological processes, brought the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the scene. Yeast cells lack some of the major regulators of apoptosis but still possess homologues of mitochondrially enclosed pro-apoptotic factors, as well as orthologues of the molecular components generally ascribed to PTP, including the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) and Porin (Por1). These particular features of S. cerevisiae, along with the availability of genetic and molecular tools, provided an excellent opportunity to study Bcl-2 family members in a “controlled” environment, or the contribution of the PTP and its components to cell death. In this work, the particular contribution of AAC’s thiol goups, its oxidation, Por1, and of a possible interaction between both proteins to acetic acid-induced yeast cell death, was explored. We observed that oxidative modifications of Aac2p, namely the crosslinking of thiols, do not contribute to the acetic acid-induced cell death program. Such idea is supported by the apparent absence of a particular Aac2p oxidation pattern. Nevertheless, the AAC was previously found to be required for acetic acid-induced cytochrome c release, and its absence promoted the survival of yeast cells. Deletion of Por1, on the other hand, decreased the viability of yeast cells treated with acetic acid. It was hypothesized that the two proteins could share the same pathway in the regulation of cell death. To test it, cytochrome c release was evaluated in mitochondria isolated from Δaac1/2/3, Δpor1 and Δaac1/2/3Δpor1 cells following acetic acid exposure. The data obtained suggest that absence of Por1 does not affect cytochrome c releaseduring acetic acid induced-death, but it may be important for its regulation. When both the AAC and Por1 were absent, yeast mitochondria could still release cytochrome c, raising the possibility of an AAC-independent mechanism. Furthermore, we found both proteins have distinct effects that regulate the cellular response to different stresses. Indeed, absence of the AACs somehow contributed to increased osmotic stress and cell wall resistance. Finally, S. cerevisiae was used as a model to study mechanistic aspects relative to the function of Bcl-2 family proteins. Namely, we assessed the role of sphingolipids in the action of the human pro-apoptotic regulator Bax. We found that absence of Isc1p, an inositol phospholipase C that degrades complex sphingolipids into ceramides in yeast, favored the viability of yeast cells expressing an active form of Bax. It was further revealed that this effect is not associated with changes to the action of Bax; rather, it might be related with the cellular consequences of Bax-action. A parallel with the effect of Uth1p absence in yeast cells expressing Bax suggests that the absence of Isc1p could affect the selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy, and thus produce a different cell death response. This work provides new insights into the physiological events underlying the contribution of mitochondrial proteins, previously associated with cell death responses, and sphingolipid metabolism to cell death induced by acetic acid and Bax, respectively. Once again, the yeast S. cerevisiae proved to be an excellent model for the research of cell life and death
Ecard, Jason. "Mécanismes de tri et voies de transport intracellulaire des protéines de la membrane du lysosome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS094.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMore than sixty different proteins are inserted into the membrane of the lysosome, participating in the various functions of this organelle. But the intracellular trafficking pathways that lead lysosomal membrane proteins (LMPs) to this organelle are not well understood. Interestingly, some LMPs exhibit abnormal intracellular localisations in some cancers. This is the case of the glycoprotein LAMP1 which is overexpressed at the cell surface in several cancers, from where it plays several roles in tumour aggressiveness. Thanks to the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system, allowing the synchronisation of the transport along the secretory pathway, we have shown that neosynthesized LAMP1 reaches the plasma membrane before entering endosomes. Comparing the routes followed by different LMPs also revealed that LAMP1 and LIMP2 are sorted at the Golgi apparatus, LIMP2 being concentrated in characteristic vesicular and clathrin-free structures. We have also shown that, surprisingly, this sorting at the level of the Golgi apparatus is independent of clathrin adapters recruitment signals carried in the C-terminal tails of these two LMPs. To investigate what mechanisms might be involved in the overexposure of LAMP1 at the cell surface of certain cancers, we also performed a gene knock-out screen based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We selected genes whose inactivation affected LAMP1 levels at the surface and obtained many candidate genes that are under study
Tamra, Amar. "Spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence de cellules individualisées sous électroporation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30011/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectroporation is a physical process that consists in applying electric field pulses to transiently or permanently permeabilize the plasma membrane. This phenomenon is of great interest in the clinical field as well as in the industry because of its various applications, in particular electrochemotherapy which combines electrical pulses with the administration of a cytotoxic molecule in the treatment of tumors. The evaluation of this phenomenon is raditionally carried out using optical and biochemical methods (microscopy, flow cytometry, biochemical test). They are very effective but require the use of a wide range of fluorochromes and markers, which can be laborious and costly to implement, while being invasive to the cells. In recent years, the development of new biophysical tools for the study of electroporation has taken place, such as dielectrophoresis and impedance spectroscopy (low frequency). In addition to the ease of implementation, these methods are of interest in the study of membrane modifications of the cell. Hence the advantage of operating beyond the GHz, in the range of microwaves, for which the cytoplasmic membrane becomes transparent and the intracellular content is exposed. The extraction of the relative permittivity as a result of the electromagnetic field / biological cell interaction then reflects the cell state. This technique, microwave dielectric spectroscopy, is a relevant method for analyzing the effects of electroporation on cell viability. Moreover, it does not require any use of the exogenous molecules (non-invasive) and the measurements are directly carried out in the culture medium of the cells. Two objectives were defined during this thesis whose work is located at the interface between three scientific fields: cellular biology, microwave electronics and micro-technologies. The first objective concerns the transposition of conventional electroporation to the micrometric scale, which has shown an efficiency as efficient as the first. The second part of the work concerns the study by HighFrequency dielectric spectroscopy of cells subjected to different electrical treatments (combined or not with a cytotoxic molecule). This work presents a statistical power and shows a very good correlation (R2> 0.94) with standard techniques used in biology, which biologically validates the HF analysis method in the context of electroporation. This work also shows that microwave dielectric spectroscopy proves to be a powerful technique capable of revealing cell viability following chemical and / or electrical treatment. They open the way to 'non-invasive' analysis by hyper-frequency dielectric spectroscopy of electroporated cells in situ
Mohan, Kumar Dipu. "Insights into the Host Cell Entry of Ehrlichia chaffeensis: Roles of the Bacterial Outer Membrane Protein EtpE." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397229647.
Повний текст джерелаMollet, Chloé. "Identification et caractérisations physico-chimiques et pharmacologiques de nouvelles molécules bioactives isolées à partir de venins d’animaux : exemple des peptides antimicrobiens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0352.
Повний текст джерелаThe research for new bioactive molecules which can be used in therapeutic is a major public health issue, particularly in the treatment of certain diseases such as bacterial infections.The natural resistance of bacteria consecutive to overuse of antibiotics have resulted in the selection of pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria. Over the last few decades, resistance to conventional antibiotics has limited treatment options, resulting in a significant increase in mortality and morbidity in hospitals. Moreover, since 1970, only two new classes of antibiotics have been placed on the market. Venoms are known to be a rich source of unique and innovative pharmacologically active substances, such as antimicrobial peptides (PAMs), which represent an original alternative to small molecules for the development of new active and non-resistance inducing antibiotics.In our study, among the 200 venoms of animals studied for their antibacterial properties, at least six PAMs were isolated from an insect venom. The original peptide 1 inhibits the growth of Gram positive and negative bacteria but shows a high hemotoxicity (TI = 1,6-3,2). The solid phase synthesis of structural analogs allowed to identify R1W8 and I1N11, less toxic (TI = 18 et >800 respectively). The preliminary results of the action mechanism study suggest that these peptides have a pore-forming action on bacteria cytoplasmic membrane. These peptides can be used as models for the development of new antimicrobial agents
Elaid, Sarah. "Détermination du mécanisme d'entrée du rotavirus, impliquant la glycoprotéine VP7 par RMN." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P603/document.
Повний текст джерелаRotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae family, belonging to the group III of dsRNA viruses. Identified in 1973 by Ruth Bishop, these non-enveloped viruses are the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The icosahedral capsid is composed of three structural protein layers: the outer one, formed by the glycoprotein VP7, emerges spicules protein VP4, the intermediate one consists of VP6 protein representing nearly 50% of the weight of the virus and finally, the inner one called core, results from the assembly of proteins VP2, emerges towards the inside of proteins VP1 and VP3. The capsid contains a genome divided into 11 segments of dsRNA. To these six structural proteins are added nonstructural proteins involved in virus replication. The two structural proteins, VP4 and VP7, are involved in the interaction of the triple layer particle (TLP) to integrin receptors, necessary for the release of the infectious double layer particle (DLP) into the cytoplasm following the permeabilization of the membrane of the endosome compartments. Currently, unlike the mechanism of action of the protein VP5*, the glycoprotein VP7 remains unknown. The objective of this work was to understand the molecular mechanism involved in the destabilization of membranes by peptides derived from VP7. In a first step, we have shown, by in silico studies, the existence of a helical trans-membrane domain predicted containing a highly conserved arginine and lysine residues, located at the C-terminus of the VP7 glycoprotein. These results led to the synthesis of four peptides with which permeabilizing tests of model membranes were conducted. We have identified the minimum of the most active domain, named VP723, among the selected peptides. In a second step, we determined the structure of these peptides by NMR under conditions mimicking the hydrophobic environment of the membrane. The VP723 peptide is organized like an α-helical amphipathic structure often involved in the destabilization of cell membranes. The comparison of the structure obtained by NMR to that of the corresponding domain in the crystallographic structure of the native protein shows a conformational rearrangement of the segment after trypsin maturation. These results were confirmed by two synthetic mutants, one of which is inactive for the permeabilization of model membranes. These studies were complemented by experiments Plasmon Resonance guided the Waves (PWR). Studies by solid state NMR are in progress to determine the orientation of the peptide in model of membranes. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of the C-terminal domain of the VP7 protein, named VP723, in the destabilization of membranes, to ensure the translocation of the infectious viral particle (DLP) from the endosome into the cytoplasm compartments. A mechanism of virus entry mediated by peptides derived from trypsin maturation of the VP7 glycoprotein is proposed in this study
Wenham, Matt. "The role of Adaptor Protein 3 in cytotoxic T lymphocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a5c1fd6-c8cc-454f-81a5-b9a5a18c1540.
Повний текст джерелаDahal, Dipendra Dahal. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL EXCITED STATE INTRAMOLECULAR PROTON TRANSFER (ESIPT) CYANINE DYES WITH NEAR INFRARED (NIR) EMISSION FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1567644552737644.
Повний текст джерела"Membrane anchor for vacuolar targeting: expression of a human lysosomal enzyme iduronidase (hIDUA) in transgenic tobacco plants." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896394.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-138).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Thesis Committee --- p.ii
Statement --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.iv
Abstract (in English) --- p.v
Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.vii
Table of Contents --- p.ix
List of Tables --- p.xvi
List of Figures --- p.xv
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction and Literature Review --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Tobacco seed as bioreactor --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Advantages of using tobacco seed to produce bioactive human lysosomal enzyme --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Disadvantages and potential problems of using tobacco seed to produce bioactive human lysosomal enzyme --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Difference of asparagine-linked N-glycosylation between plant and human protein --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Immunogenicity of recombinant protein with plant-derived N-glycan to human --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- "Strategy to ""humanize"" plant-derived recombinant human lysosomal enzyme" --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Lack of specific glycan structure一mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) tag addition --- p.11
Chapter 1.2.2.5 --- Strategy for M6P tag addition on plant-derived human lysosomal enzyme --- p.12
Chapter 1.3 --- The plant secretory pathway --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Plant vacuole in tobacco seed --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Soluble protein trafficking in plant cell --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Integral membrane protein trafficking in plant cell --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Components involved in integral membrane protein trafficking to PSV crystalloid --- p.19
Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- BP-80 (80-kDa binding protein) --- p.19
Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- α-TIP (α-tonoplast intrinsic protein) --- p.20
Chapter 1.3.5 --- Using specific integral membrane protein trafficking system to target recombinant human lysosomal enzyme to tobacco seed PSV --- p.21
Chapter 1.4 --- Homo sapiens α-L-iduronidase (hIDUA) --- p.21
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Global situation of lysosomal storage disease一hIDUA deficiency --- p.21
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Physiological role --- p.22
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Molecular property --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- Mutation and polymorphism --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Lysosomal secretory pathway --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.5 --- Biochemical property --- p.25
Chapter 1.4.6 --- Clinical application --- p.27
Chapter 1.4.6.1 --- Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) --- p.27
Chapter 1.4.6.2 --- Clinical trial --- p.28
Chapter 1.4.6.3 --- Economic value --- p.29
Chapter 1.4.7 --- Expression system --- p.29
Chapter 1.4.7.1 --- Production (overexpression) of rhIDUA in CHO cell system --- p.30
Chapter 1.4.7.2 --- Production of rhIDUA in tobacco plant leaf --- p.30
Chapter 1.5 --- Project objective and long-term significance --- p.30
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Project objective --- p.30
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Long-term significance --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Generation and Characterization of Anti-IDUA Antibodies --- p.32
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemical --- p.33
Chapter 2.3 --- Methods --- p.35
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Generation of polyclonal anti-IDUA antibody --- p.35
Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Design of synthetic peptide --- p.35
Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Conjugation of synthetic peptide to carrier protein --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Immunization of rabbit --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Characterization of polyclonal anti-IDUA antibody in rabbit serum --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Dot-blot analysis --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Purification of polyclonal anti-IDUA antibody --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Construction of anti-IDUA antibody affinity column --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Affinity-purification of anti-IDUA antibody --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Western blot detection of denatured rhIDUA --- p.42
Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.43
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Characterization of polyclonal anti-IDUA antibody --- p.43
Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.51
Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Generation and Characterization of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing rhIDUA Fusions --- p.52
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.53
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Signal peptide of hIDUA (hIDUA SP) --- p.54
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Signal peptide of proaleurain (Pro. SP) --- p.54
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Hypothesis to be tested in this study --- p.54
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chemical --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Primers --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Bacterial strain --- p.58
Chapter 3.2.4 --- The insert-Homo sapiens α-L-iduronidase (hIDUA) cDNA used in this study --- p.58
Chapter 3.2.5 --- The vector-pLJ526 used in this study --- p.59
Chapter 3.3 --- Methods --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Construction of chimeric gene construct --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Restriction endonuclease´ؤPfIMIl --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques used in this study --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Cloning of pSPIDUA-FLAG --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- Cloning of pSPIDUA-control --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- Cloning of a universal construct (pUniversal) --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.1.6 --- Cloning of pSP-IDUA-T7 --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.1.7 --- Cloning of pSP-IDUA-control --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.1.8 --- Cloning of chimeric gene construct into Agrobacterium binary vector --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Expression of chimeric gene construct in tobacco plant --- p.73
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Tobacco plant --- p.73
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Electroporation of Agrobacterium --- p.73
Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco plant --- p.74
Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Selection and regeneration of tobacco transformant --- p.75
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Characterization of transgenic tobacco plant expressing rhIDUA fusion --- p.75
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.75
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Southern blot analysis --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Total RNA reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) --- p.77
Chapter 3.3.3.4 --- Northern blot analysis of tobacco leaf --- p.78
Chapter 3.3.3.5 --- Western blot analysis --- p.79
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Purification of plant-derived rhIDUA fusion --- p.81
Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- Construction of affinity column with anti-IDUA antibody --- p.81
Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Affinity-purification of rhIDUA fusion from tobacco mature seed --- p.81
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Confocal immunoflorescence study --- p.82
Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Preparation of paraffin section --- p.82
Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Single immunocytochemical labeling --- p.82
Chapter 3.3.5.3 --- Double labeling with one monoclonal and one polyclonal antibodies --- p.83
Chapter 3.3.5.4 --- Double labeling with two polyclonal antibodies --- p.83
Chapter 3.3.5.5 --- Image collection --- p.84
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.85
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Chimeric gene construction and confirmation --- p.85
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Selection and regeneration of tobacco transformant with kanamycin- resistance --- p.86
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Genomic DNA PCR screening of tobacco transformant --- p.88
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Southern blot analysis of tobacco transformant --- p.91
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Total RNA RT-PCR screening of tobacco transformant --- p.93
Chapter 3.4.6 --- Northern blot analysis of tobacco transformant --- p.93
Chapter 3.4.7 --- Western blot analysis --- p.96
Chapter 3.4.7.1 --- Western blot analysis of pSP-IDUA-T7-121 transformant leaf --- p.96
Chapter 3.4.7.2 --- Western blot analysis of pSP-IDUA-T7-121 transformant mature seed --- p.98
Chapter 3.4.8 --- Affinity-purification of rhIDUA fusion --- p.98
Chapter 3.4.9 --- Expression level of rhIDUA fusion --- p.102
Chapter 3.4.10 --- Subcellular localization of rhIDUA fusion --- p.102
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.111
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Summary and Future Perspectives --- p.117
References --- p.122
Appendix 1 --- p.139
Appendix II (List of Abbreviations) --- p.141
Kypri, Elena 1980. "Study of LvsB in Dictyostelium discoideum provides insights into the Chediak-Higashi syndrome." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3729.
Повний текст джерелаPita, Carlos Daniel Ferreira Rafael. "Role of damaged lysosomes on endothelial cells during heart failure with preserved ejection fraction development." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94265.
Повний текст джерелаA insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma condição frequente em países desenvolvidos, sendo a insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP) responsável por mais de 50% dos casos de IC. A ICFEP é caracterizada por uma reduzida capacidade do ventrículo esquerdo em encher-se de sangue devido a uma disfunção diastólica. Apesar da alta incidência desta doença, os mecanismos subjacentes não estão ainda bem caracterizados. Sabe-se que a patogénese da ICFEP está dependente de um estado pró-inflamatório induzido por comorbilidades associadas à doença, como a hipertensão, a diabetes e a obesidade. Uma das citocinas pró-inflamatórias mais importantes na ICFEP é o TNF-α. Esta citocina aumenta a produção de espécies reativas de oxigénio nas células endoteliais (CEs), o que leva à sua disfunção, interferindo com a comunicação intercelular entre CEs e os cardiomiócitos (CMs). Em última análise, esta disfunção na comunicação pode levar à hipertrofia dos CMs. Estudos anteriores mostraram que, em hepatócitos, o TNF-α afeta a atividade dos lisossomas através da permeabilização da membrana lisossomal. Considerando a relação entre o TNF-α em circulação e a disfunção endotelial, assim como a falta de conhecimento sobre o mecanismo de ação subjacente, o nosso estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do TNF-α na função lisossomal, uma das vias mais afetadas em pacientes com ICFEP, usando células endoteliais de veia umbilical humana (CEVUH). Os nossos resultados mostraram que, após a incubação com TNF-α, houve um aumento no tamanho e número de lisossomas, não se tendo observado diferenças na expressão de LAMP1. Demonstrámos também que os níveis de expressão de catepsinas aumentaram, no entanto, a taxa de conversão em catepsinas maturas diminuiu. Contrariamente ao esperado, o TNF-α alterou o pH lisossomal, modificando deste modo a heterogeneidade da população lisossomal. Além disso, observámos que os lisossomas aumentados, resultante da exposição a TNF-α, apresentavam marcadores de dano na membrana lisossomal. Esta citocina pró-inflamatória comprometeu os mecanismos de reparação da membrana lisossomal ao diminuir a expressão de proteínas relevantes como o Tsg101 e a Alix. É importante referir que um aumento no recrutamento de galectina 3 e LC3-II para a membrana do lisossoma também foi observado, sugerindo um aumento na lisofagia. Adicionalmente, a presença do TNF-α também pareceu desencadear a eliminação de lisossomas danificados, através de processos como a autofagia e a exocitose. Com a inibição da autofagia, foi encontrado um aumento na exocitose dos lisossomas danificados, sugerindo que esse mecanismo pode ser um processo alternativo à lisofagia. Por último, os nossos resultados revelaram ainda um novo papel não canónico para a Cx43 na homeostase lisossomal. Apresentámos também que a Cx43 é recrutada para membranas endolisossomais positivas para LAMP1, bem como para vesículas danificadas, galectina 3 positivas. Os nossos resultados demonstraram que a Cx43 pode modular a exocitose lisossomal induzida pelo TNF-α em CEs. No geral, o nosso trabalho revela novos dados sobre a disfunção endotelial mediada por inflamação, associando um papel fundamental aos lisossomas danificados e à sua secreção. Concluindo, revelámos um novo papel não canónico da Cx43 na manutenção da homeostase lisossomal.
Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent condition in developed countries with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), accounting for more than 50% of all cases of HF cases. HFpEF is characterized by a reduced ability of the left ventricle to fill with blood due to a diastolic dysfunction. Although the high incidence of this disease, the underlying mechanisms are not well established. It is known that HFpEF pathogenesis is dependent on a systemic and proinflammatory state, induced by HFpEF-associated comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. One of most important proinflammatory cytokines increased in HFpEF is TNF-α. This cytokine increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells (ECs), leading to their dysfunction and culminating with the disruption of EC-cardiomyocyte intercellular communication. This event ultimately leads to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that in hepatocytes, TNF-α affects lysosomal activity by inducing lysosomal membrane permeability. Considering the connection between circulating TNF-α and endothelial dysfunction and the lack of knowledge on the underlying mechanism of action, we aimed to investigate the effect of TNF-α on the lysosomal function, one of the most affected pathways in HFpEF patients, by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our results showed that upon TNF-α stimulation, there was an increase of lysosome size and number, with no observed differences on LAMP1 expression. Additionally, we demonstrated that cathepsins expression levels were increased, however the maturation rate was decreased. Unexpectedly, TNF-α altered the lysosomal pH affecting the heterogeneity of lysosomal population. Moreover, we observed that TNF-α-induced enlarged lysosomes show membrane damage markers. This proinflammatory cytokine compromised membrane repair mechanisms by decreasing the expression of important proteins, Tsg101 and Alix. Importantly, an increase in galectin 3 and LC3-II recruitment to lysosome membrane was found, suggesting an increase in lysophagy. Additionally, TNF-α incubation also seemed to trigger the clearance of damaged lysosomes, by autophagy and exocytosis. Upon autophagy inhibition, an increase in exocytosis of damaged lysosomes was found, suggesting that this mechanism might be an alternative process to lysophagy. Lastly, our findings disclosed a new non-canonical role for Cx43 on lysosomal homeostasis. We found that Cx43 is recruited to LAMP1 positive endolysosomal membranes as well as to galectin-3 positive damaged vesicles. Our results also demonstrated that Cx43 can modulate lysosomal exocytosis induced by TNF-α in ECs. Overall, our data unveil new insights on inflammation-mediated endothelial dysfunction, by giving a pivotal role to damaged lysosomes and their secretion. In addition, a new non-canonical role of Cx43 in the alleviation of the lysosomal burden was unveiled.
Outro - This work was financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE; under the projects PAC “NETDIAMOND” POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016385; HealthyAging2020 CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-N2323; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-032179, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-032414, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122; FCTUID/NEU/04539/2013, UID/NEU/04539/2019, UIDP/04539/2020; and FCT/PT2020-02/SAICT/2017_424 Repair).
Kreykenbohm, Vera. "Charakterisierung der endosomalen Qb-SNAREs Vti1a und Vti1b." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-ADB9-E.
Повний текст джерелаSchieweck, Oliver. "Proteomanalyse lysosomaler Membranen: Identifizierung und Charakterisierung neuer lysosomaler Membranproteine." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B66F-D.
Повний текст джерела