Дисертації з теми "Perles en verre"

À travers l'étude de cas des perles de verre vénitiennes au XVIIIe siècle, cette thèse vise à montrer comment la spécialisation dans un produit de niche permet à un système économique méditerranéen de rester accroché aux principaux flux commerciaux internationaux de la fin de l'époque moderne. Cette thèse ambitionne donc de contribuer au débat scientifique qui, depuis quelques années, est en train de questionner l'idée de décadence de la Méditerranée à l'époque moderne, et de préciser la position de Venise dans l'économie-monde européenne du XVIIIe siècle.Cette recherche adopte une approche qui croise la macroanalyse des flux et la micro-analyse des acteurs, en utilisant des sources quantitatives vénitiennes (Registri) et étrangères (Custom books britanniques, Toflit19 pour le commerce français et la balança do comerçio portugaise) et des sources qualitatives vénitiennes issues principalement des Censori, Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia, Inquisitore alle Arti, Inquisitori di Stato, en suivant la filière des perles de verre vénitiennes au XVIIIe siècle : des phases de production jusqu'à la commercialisation, en précisant les routes, les acteurs et les marchés concernés.Cette thèse est donc divisée en trois parties. La première porte sur le contexte économique de Venise et se focalise sur le commerce du port vénitien et sur l'industrie exportatrice de la ville de Saint-Marc au XVIIIe siècle. C'est à travers cette contextualisation qu'on comprend que les perles de verre sont le fruit d'un pôle manufacturier et commercial encore riche et connecté au monde euro-méditerranéen et qu'on peut mieux évaluer l'expansion de ce secteur de la verrerie vénitienne au XVIIIe siècle.La deuxième partie étudie la filière de fabrication et l'organisation du travail du secteur des perles de verre vénitiennes, en s'interrogeant sur la compétitivité d'un système de production qui est marqué par une forte présence corporative (à savoir, les Arts de Murano, des Margariteri et des Perleri) et, en même temps, par un haut degré de flexibilité. Quatre thèmes font l'objet de cette analyse : le degré d'ouverture de la filière des perles et des métiers concernés ; la gestion des matières premières ; l'assujettissement de la main-d'œuvre aux patrons/négociants des corporations ; les espaces de travail et la position des femmes dans les deux Arts des perles. Cette partie montre que ce secteur est parfaitement adapté aux caractéristiques du commerce international du XVIIIe siècle. Une fois produites, les perles de verre vénitiennes sont exportées à l'échelle de la planète. La troisième partie analyse les routes, les acteurs qui gèrent les échanges et les marchés de ce produit au XVIIIe siècle, en se focalisant sur les deux circuits majeurs de ce commerce, celui du Ponant et celui du Levant. Dans le premier cas, l'attention est mise sur l'importance des perles pour le commerce vénitien avec l'Europe occidentale, sur la géographie des marchés, sur l'émergence des marchands-fabricants margariteri et perleri comme expéditeurs de perles et sur le lien entre le commerce occidental des perles de verre vénitiennes et la traite atlantique des esclaves. Ensuite, la focale d'analyse est déplacée vers l'Orient et plus précisément vers l'Égypte et la Syrie, étapes principales des trajets qui amènent les perles de Venise en Perse, en Inde et dans l'Afrique centre-orientale. Après avoir établi le rôle de ce produit pour le commerce vénitien au Levant, on étudie les routes, l'évolution et les marchands protagonistes de ces trafics, notamment les Juifs sont étudiés.Au final, on constate que les perles sont bien plus que de la pacotille : elles se révèlent un outil essentiel pour le commerce vénitien au XVIIIe siècle, une vraie marchandise globale qui permet à la ville de Saint-Marc de rester interconnectée aux flux commerciaux majeurs de la fin de l'époque moderne
Through the case study of Venetian glass beads in the 18th century, this thesis shows how the specialization in a niche product enabled a Mediterranean economic system to remain connected to the main international trade flows of the late early modern period. This thesis aims to contribute to the scientific debate which, for some years now, has been questioning the decadence of the Mediterranean in the Early modern period, and to clarify the position of Venice in the European world-economy of the 18th century.This research criss-crosses the macro-analysis of flows and the micro-analysis of agents, using Venetian (Registri dei Cinque Savi) and foreign (British Custom books, Toflit19 for French trade and the Portuguese balança do comerçio) quantitative sources and Venetian qualitative sources, mainly from the Censori, Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia, Inquisitore alle Arti, Inquisitori di Stato. The analysis tracks the chain of Venetian glass beads in the 18th century from manufacturing processes to marketing, and specify the routes, the agents and the markets involved.This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the economic context of Venice and focuses on the trade of the Venetian port and the export industry of the city in the 18th century. Through this contextualization we understand that glass beads were the fruit of a rich manufacturing and commercial pole that was still connected to the Euro-Mediterranean world, and we can better evaluate the expansion of this sector of Venetian glassware in the 18th century.The second part studies the manufacturing sector and the organization of work in the Venetian glass beads sector. It examines the competitiveness of a production system that was marked by a strong presence of guilds (namely, the Arts of Murano, Margariteri and Perleri) and, at the same time, by a high degree of flexibility. Four themes are analyzed: the degree of openness of the glass beads industry and the guilds involved; the supply of raw materials; the subjection of labour to the merchants of the Arts; the position of women in both glass beads guilds. This part shows that glass beads chain was perfectly adapted to the characteristics of 18th-century international trade.Once produced, Venetian glass beads were exported worldwide. The third part analyses the routes and the agents who managed the trade flows and this product's 18th-century markets. It focuses on the two major circuits of this trade, that of the Ponant and that of the Levant. In the first case, the focus of analysis is on the importance of glass beads for Venetian trade with Western Europe, on the geography of markets, on the emergence of merchants-manufacturers margariteri and perleri as beads shippers and on the link between the western trade of Venetian glass beads and the Atlantic slave trade. Then, the focus of analysis is shifted to the East and more precisely to Egypt and Syria, the main stages of the journeys that brought the beads of Venice to Persia, India, and Central-Eastern Africa. After establishing the role of this product for the Venetian trade in the Levant, we analysed the routes, the trade evolution and the merchants involved in these traffics, especially the Jews.Glass beads were much more than gewgaws: they were an essential tool for the Venetian trade in the 18th century to enable the city of San Marco to remain connected in the major trade flows of the late Early modern period

L’art du verre à la Renaissance était marqué par l’influence des maîtres vénitiens, à l’origine d’un certain nombre d’innovations techniques et stylistiques qui connurent un grand succès dans toute l’Europe. En France, Henri II et Catherine de Médicis firent appel à des verriers vénitiens pour établir une verrerie à proximité du château royal de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Près de trente ans plus tard, une autre équipe de verriers italiens, cette fois-ci originaire du village d’Altare, fondèrent une verrerie au faubourg Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Le développement de l’industrie verrière en Île-de-France du début du règne de Henri II en 1547 à la fin du règne de Henri IV en 1610 est donc étroitement lié à l’arrivée de verriers italiens qui apportèrent leur style et leur savoir-faire. L’histoire verrière de la région ne se limite cependant pas à l’influence italienne. Deux métiers du verre s’organisèrent à Paris à cette époque : celui des patenôtriers d’émail et de verre et celui des marchands verriers. L’étude des hommes et de leurs compétences a constitué un premier axe de recherche. Le second axe choisi a consisté à étudier la commercialisation et la diffusion des produits de verre en Île-de-France et leur contexte d’utilisation. Le verre prit en effet, au XVIe siècle, une place plus importante sur les tables des Parisiens modestes ou fortunés. Les propriétés de ce matériau particulier étaient adaptées à un certain nombre d’usages. Les verres de la Renaissance se divisaient alors entre verres fonctionnels et verres plus prestigieux, collectionnés pour leur valeur esthétique et décorative. Cette thèse transdisciplinaire s’inscrit dans les domaines de l’histoire, de la culture matérielle, de l’histoire de l’art et des techniques et de l’archéologie
The European Renaissance glass art was deeply influenced by the style and the techniques invented by Venetian glassmakers. Those fashionable glass products were in demand in every European country. In France, king Henri II and queen Catherine de Medici established a glasshouse near the royal palace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and employed Venetian glassmakers. After the death of the glassworkers, a new glasshouse, ruled by Italian glassmakers from Altare was established at the end of the 16th century, in the faubourg Saint-Germain-des-Prés. The development of the glass industry in Île-de-France from 1547 to 1610 is linked to the style and techniques brought by Italian glassmakers. In addition to the Italian influence, two glass-related professions were created at that time in Paris: the glass bead makers and the glass sellers. The study of men and their skills constitutes one approach of the subject. The second one explores the trade, circulation and uses of glass products. They became, in the 16th century, more and more common in both modest and wealthy Parisian interiors and were used for their particular properties (especially suitable for medical use for example). On the other hand, some glass products, more prestigious and fashionable, were collected for their decorative and aesthetic value

L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és l'edició i l'estudi de la Vida de la sacratíssima verge Maria (València, Nicolau Spindeler, 1494) de Miquel Peres, una de les obres produïdes en el segle d'or valencià i que a hores d'ara encara no compta amb cap edició moderna ni amb estudis que li hagen dedicat una atenció especial. És l'obra més original de les conservades de l'autor, i també la que gaudí d'una major acollida, ja que es reedità diverses vegades tant en el segle XV com en el XVI especialment, i tant en la tradició catalana com en la castellana. Probablement la bona recepció que tingué està directament relacionada amb el context espiritual imperant en l'albada de l'edat moderna, una espiritualitat renovada i de caire intimista que troba en la contemplació devota una de les principals vies d'expressió, i que veiem exemplificada en les pàgines d'aquest volum. Tanmateix, no compten amb cap treball que s'haja ocupat d'editar el text ni d'analitzar-ne la gènesi o la difusió notable de què va gaudir, ja que la producció d'aquest autor ha estat força desatesa. La hipòtesi que motiva aquest treball parteix de la consideració que en els estudis de literatura catalana Miquel Peres no ha estat considerat fins ara com un escriptor de primera línia, i, tanmateix, tant el volum de la seua producció, com les característiques concretes de les seues obres, fan pensar que mereix una reconsideració i un estudi detingut per poder plantejar una revalorització dels seus texts. A través d'aquest treball mirarem de situar la Vida de la sacratíssima verge Maria en el panorama literari i espiritual peninsular, de manera que es pose de manifest l'originalitat que suposà, i que explica l'èxit que se'n seguí, i contribuirem al coneixement de l'activitat literària de la València lletraferida de les darreries de l'edat mitjana i els inicis de l'edat moderna.

Ce travail de thèse concerne l'évaluation biologique et physico-chimique de deux biomatériaux : verre pure associé au risedronate (46S6-xRIS) et une vitrocéramique poreuse dopée avec l'oxyde de zinc et le nitrure de titane noté 46S6-10Zn-2Ti. Le premier est un matériau hybride composé du verre (46S6) et d'un bisphosphonate le risedronate à différentes teneurs (xRIS) avec x= 8, 12 et 20%. Le deuxième est une vitrocéramique ayant une porosité créée par l'élimination de N après calcination. Les analyses physico-chimiques après les tests in vitro du 46S6-xRIS montrent une modification de la cinétique de la bioactivité de ces composites selon la quantité de risedronate ajoutée au 46S6. Les analyses in vivo ont été aussi menées sur le 46S6-10Zn-2Ti. Cette vitrocéramique a été implantée dans des condyles fémoraux de rattes ostéoporotiques, phénomène créé par l'irradiation des rattes à différentes doses de rayons γ. L'investigation biologique après irradiation montre un déséquilibre entre la peroxydation lipidique et les enzymes antioxydants. L'implantation en site osseux avec le 46S6-10Zn-2Ti a permis la restauration de cette balance. L'étude histologique montre le rétablissement du tissu osseux. Cependant, celui ci décroit avec l'augmentation de la dose des rayons gamma. Pour l'exploration physico-chimique, plusieurs techniques complémentaires ont été utilisées pour évaluer la cinétique d'ossification. La bioconsolidation de notre vitrocéramique a été également évaluée après implantation chez des lapins. Le microscanner (mCT) montre la résorption du 46S6-10Zn-2Ti et l'osséo-intégration des cellules osseuses dans les pores du bio-implant alors que, l'étude histologique montre que le 46S6-10Zn-2Ti est presque totalement dégradé et remplacé par le tissue osseux. Le MEB met en évidence la dégradation du 46S6-10Zn-2Ti et son remplacement par un dépôt apatitique. Les spectres MAS-RMN du ³¹P et u ²⁹Si illustrent la dégradation progressive du 46S6-10Zn-2Ti en faveur du développement de l'apatite biologique
This work focuses on the biological and physicochemical evaluations of two biomaterials: a bioactive glass associated to risedronate (46S6-xRIS) and a porous glass ceramic doped with zinc oxide and titanium nitride noted 46S6-10Zn-2Ti. The first is a hybrid material composed of bioactive glass (46S6) and a bisphosphonate, the risedronate with different contents (xRIS) with x=8, 12 and 20%. The second is a ceramic glass having a porosity, which has been created following the elimination of N after heating. Physicochemical analysis after the in vitro essays of 46S6-xRIS show the modification of the bioactivity kinetic of these composites proportional to the quantity of risedronate added to the 46S6. The in vivo analyses were also conducted in the 46S6-10Zn-2Ti. This glass ceramic was implanted in the femoral condyles of osteoporotic rats. This phenomenon was created after its irradiation at different doses of γ-rays. The biological investigations after irradiation show an imbalance between the lipid peroxidation and antioxidants enzymes. The implantation of 46S6-10Zn-2Ti in bone tissue restored the oxidative balance. The histological study manifests the restoration of bone tissue. However, this restoration decreased with the rising of γ-rays doses. For the physiochemical exploration, several complementary techniques were used to evaluate the kinetic of ossification. The porous glass ceramic was evaluated also in the bioconsolidation process after implantation in rabbit. The X-ray Micro-Computer Tomography (mCT) shows the resorption of the 46S6-10Zn-2Ti and the osseointegration of bones cells in the biomaterial pores. Moreover, the histological study illustrates that the degradation and the resoption of the 46S6-10Zn-2Ti is almost total. The SEM highlights the degradation of the 46S6-10Zn-2Ti and its replacement by an apatitic deposit. The MAS-NMR spectra of ³¹P and of ²⁹Si illustrate a progressive degradation of 46S6-10Zn-2Ti in favor of the development of a biological apatite

Cette thèse concerne l'étude des matériaux bioactifs et de leurs propriétés de créer un environnement favorable à la régénération osseuse. Nous nous intéressons à l'étude locale des réactions physico-chimiques précoces se produisant à l'interface verre bioactif / milieu biologique. Les méthodes de caractérisation utilisées sont la microscopie électronique à transmission associée aux spectroscopies de dispersion d'énergie de photons X (EDXS) et de pertes d'énergie des électrons (EELS). Nous avons utilisé la spectrométrie EDXS avec la méthode de quantification de Cliff et Lorimer. Afin d'optimiser les corrections d'absorption pour les éléments légers, nous avons développé un système itéractif de corrections de l'absorption utilisant la valeur expérimentale de l'épaisseur relative locale de l'échantillon mesurée par EELS. Cela a permis de déterminer avec précision les rapports atomiques O/Si dans les différentes zones de l'échantillon. Pour conforter ces mesures, nous avons utilisé l'EELS qui par l'intermédiaire des structures ELNES sur le seuil L2,3 du silicium peut renseigner sur son environnement chimique. Ces deux approches nous ont permis de mettre en évidence l'existence de différentes couches périphériques à l'interface verre bioactif (A9) / fluide biologique (DMEM) : une couche en SiO2, une fine couche temporaire contenant des groupements Si(OH)4, qui permettent la fixation des ions Ca2+. Avec l'arrivée du phospore, nous aboutissons ainsi à la formation d'une couche riche en calcium et en phospore. Au fur et à mesure que cette couche précipite en une apatite, la couche contenant des groupements Si(OH)4 disparaît rapidement par repolymérisation sous la forme SiO2
In this thesis we study bioactive materials and their properties to create a favourable environment for the osseous regeneration. More precisely, we are interested in the local and early physicochemical reactions, which occur at the interface between the bioactive glass and the biological environment. The characterisation methods used are transmission electron microscopy associated with energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDXS) and energy loss electron spectroscopy (EELS). We chose the Cliff and Lorimer method to quantify the elements by EDXS. To optimise the absorption corrections for the light elements, we developed an iterative process for absorption corrections using the experimental value of the local relative specimen thickness measured by EELS. Thus we determined precisely the O/Si atomic ratio in the different areas of the sample. To confirm these measurements, we used EELS to analyse the chemical environment of silicon by the study of the ELNES structures recorded on the L2,3 threshold of silicon. These two approaches allow to demonstrate the existence of many peripheral layers at the bioactive glass (A9) / biological fluid (DMEM) interface: a SiO2 rich layer, a fine temporary layer containing Si(OH)4 groups leading to bonds with calcium ions. Finally by the arrival of phosphorus groups, a calcium and phosphorus rich layer is formed. As this layer precipitates in an apatite, the fine layer containing of the Si(OH)4 groups disappears quickly by repolymerisation in SiO2

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Minist?rio do Desenvolvimento Agr?rio/Secretaria de Agricultura Familiar
O m?dio vale do Jequitinhonha apresenta condi??es clim?ticas adversas, tendendo para a semiaridez, com precipita??es anuais abaixo de 1.000 mm, demandando estrat?gias de conviv?ncia com essas condi??es. Os solos agr?colas nessas regi?es tropicais, por estarem expostos aos fen?menos clim?ticos, t?rmicos e h?dricos, necessitam de prote??o cont?nua, alcan?ada atrav?s da cobertura, viva ou morta, proporcionada principalmente por leguminosas herb?ceas perenes utilizadas na aduba??o verde. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento e as potencialidades de leguminosas herb?ceas perenes para uso como aduba??o verde, em recupera??o ao per?odo de seca, e avaliar a produ??o do quiabeiro em cultivo sobre a cobertura viva dessas leguminosas, sob manejo org?nico, na regi?o do m?dio vale do Jequitinhonha/MG. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos: o primeiro com as leguminosas cudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides), calopog?nio (Calopogonium mucunoides), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), soja perene (Glycine wightii), estilosantes campo grande (Stylosanthes capitata, Stylosanthes macrocephala) e com plantas espont?neas (controle); e o segundo com o quiabeiro cultivado em cons?rcio com essas leguminosas. O delineamento experimental utilizado nos dois experimentos foi o de blocos, nesse caso com quatro repeti??es. Observou-se que no primeiro experimento o cudzu e a soja perene restabeleceram-se na ?rea, mais influenciados pela rebrota do que pelo ressemeio; o amendoim forrageiro e o estilosantes restabeleceram-se pelos dois m?todos propagativos citados; e o calopog?nio se restabeleceu praticamente por ressemeio. As esp?cies cudzu tropical, calopog?nio, amendoim forrageiro e soja perene se destacaram para a cobertura do solo. O uso das leguminosas como cobertura permanente promoveu inibi??o e mudan?as na composi??o das esp?cies de plantas espont?neas ao longo do tempo, com destaque para o cudzu. Todas as leguminosas proporcionaram menor temperatura do solo em rela??o ao controle, com destaque para o cudzu e amendoim forrageiro. O calopog?nio se destacou entre as leguminosas com maior capacidade de reten??o da umidade do solo. O uso de leguminosas perenes como calopog?nio, cuduz tropical e soja perene, pode contribuir para o incremento de N, e a ciclagem dos macronutrientes, al?m do aumento da mat?ria org?nica sobre o solo, por meio do material senescente. Independentemente do tratamento, foram encontrados maiores valores de P, K, Mg, SB, pH e mat?ria org?nica nos primeiros 5 cm de profundidade. Os tratamentos calopog?nio, cudzu e soja perene se destacaram, para o teor de K, Mg, SB, H+Al e T em todas as profundidades do solo, com o controle tamb?m se destacando para o teor de K. Em todas as profundidades, o solo sob cudzu revelou o menor valor de pH. Amendoim forrageiro, calopog?nio e soja perene se destacaram para o teor de P na camada de 10 a 20 cm de profundidade do solo. O calopog?nio apresentou os maiores teores de mat?ria org?nica em todas as profundidades, e independentemente do tratamento, na medida em que se aumenta a profundidade do solo, observam-se valores decrescentes para o teor de mat?ria org?nica. O controle, calopog?nio, cudzu e estilosantes apresentaram o maior valor de carbono da mat?ria org?nica leve. No segundo experimento observou-se que ap?s estiagem, com in?cio do restabelecimento, cudzu tropical, soja perene e amendoim forrageiro, demonstraram consider?vel potencial de ac?mulo de mat?ria seca na parte a?rea. Ap?s o corte, o calopog?nio e o amendoim forrageiro restabeleceram-se bem, principalmente atrav?s de germina??o, proporcionada pelo banco de sementes depositado no solo e tamb?m por rebrota, no caso do amendoim forrageiro. O cudzu e a soja perene promoveram menor presen?a de plantas espont?neas. Amendoim forrageiro e calopog?nio se destacaram em proporcionar menor temperatura do solo e todas as leguminosas promoveram maior reten??o de umidade do solo, com exce??o do estilosantes, quando comparados com o controle. O quiabeiro cultivado sobre soja perene e cudzu tropical apresentou maiores alturas. A aduba??o verde com soja perene, estilosantes e cudzu tropical, proporcionou aumento no n?mero e produtividade de frutos de quiabeiro por colheita, por somat?rio de colheitas, e por classe.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.
ABSTRACT The m?dio vale do Jequitinhonha is severely punished by adverse climate conditions, tending to the semiarid, with annual rainfall below 1.000 mm, then it is required strategies for dealing with these conditions. Soils in these tropical regions need continuous protection because they are exposed to extreme climate, temperature and water. Bad consequences can be minimized by alive or dead coverage which came mainly from perennial herbaceous leguminous used for green manure. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of perennial herbaceous leguminous to be used as green manure on recovery at dry period, and the production of okra cultivated on these leguminous living coverage, under organic management in the region of m?dio vale do Jequitinhonha/MG. Two experiments were conducted: the first one with tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides), calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides), forage peanut (Arachis pintoi), perennial soybeans (Glycine wightii), stylosanthes (Stylosanthes capitata, Stylosanthes macrocephala) and control group; and in the second one, okra was intercropped with these leguminous. A randomized block design was used with four replicates. It was observed that in the first experiment, the perennial soybean and kudzu had re-established themselves in the area, more influenced by re-growth than by re-seeding. Forage peanut and stylosanthes were restored by the two propagation methods mentioned, and calopo was restored by re-seeding. The tropical kudzu, calopo, forage peanut and perennial soybean species stood out on soil coverage. The use of leguminous plants as permanent coverage promoted inhibition and changes in the weed species composition of the species over time, emphasing kudzu. All leguminous plants provided lower soil temperature as compared to the control group, especially the kudzu and forage peanut. The calopo stood out among the leguminous plants with a greater capacity to retain soil humidity. The use of these perennial leguminous may contribute to the increase of N, and the cycling of macronutrients besides increasing organic matter on the soil through senescent material. Regardless of the treatment, higher values of P, K, Mg, SB, pH and organic matter were found in the first 5 cm depth. The calopo, kudzu and perennial soybean treatments stood out for the content of K, Mg, SB, T and H + Al in all soil depths, with the control group also standing out for the content of K. In all depths, the soil under kudzu showed the lowest pH value. Peanut forage, calopo and perennial soybean stood out for P content from 10 to 20 cm of soil depth. The calopo showed the highest levels of organic matter at all depths, regardling of the treatment. As soil depth increases, values of organic matter content decreases. The control group, calopo, kudzu and stylosanthes showed the greatest amount of carbon from light organic matter. In the second experiment it was observed that after dry time, beginning the restoration, kudzu tropical, perennial soybean and forage peanut, showed considerable potential for dry matter accumulation in shoots. After cutting, forage peanut and calopo had a great recoverage, mainly through germination, provided by the seed bank in the soil and also in the case of forage peanut re-growth. The kudzu and perennial soybean promoted lower re-infestation of weeds. Calopo and the forage peanut were better in providing lower soil temperature and all leguminous plants promoted a greater retention of soil humidity, except for stylosanthes, when compared to control group. The okra grown on soybeans and tropical kudzu presented higher heights. Green manure with perennial soybean, Kudzu and stylosanthes increased the number and the productivity of okra by harvest, by the sum of harvests, and by class.

En los últimos años se ha puesto énfasis en despertar la conciencia medioambiental, surgiendo un nuevo grupo de consumidores denominado “consumidores verdes” quienes optan por hábitos de compra y consumo más sustentables, siendo los millennials, generación de personas nacidas entre 1980 y 2000 quienes lideran esta tendencia y al ser un segmento que a futuro formará gran parte de la PEA en el Perú, es importante saber lo que piensan y lo que quieren, es por ello, que el presente estudio buscó determinar el perfil del consumidor verde de la generación millennials de universidades privadas de la ciudad de Chiclayo a fin de conocer cuáles son sus características y preferencias específicas como segmento de mercado. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptiva de enfoque mixto, la muestra estuvo conformada por 430 estudiantes de 18 a 25 años (millennials), de ambos sexos pertenecientes a universidades privadas de Chiclayo: USAT, USMP y USS a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario tipo Likert, basado en el modelo propuesto por Izaguirre, Vicente & Fernández. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, se pudo establecer que los consumidores verdes, en su mayoría son mujeres de ocupación estudiantes y practicantes que aún reciben apoyo económico por parte de su familia, estos adquieren productos ecológicos principalmente por sus beneficios para la salud y están dispuestos a pagar un sobreprecio de hasta 25% más por ellos, además son las categorías de alimentos y de cuidado e higiene personal las preferidas, siendo los supermercados el principal canal de compra. Finalmente, se concluyó que los estudiantes de la USAT y USMP se parecen, tanto en gustos, estilos de vida y hábitos de compra mientras que los estudiantes de la USS asumen otra realidad, así mismo, se muestra a la ciudad de Chiclayo como un mercado en crecimiento y, por lo tanto, una oportunidad de negocio.
Tesis

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Capes, CNPq
A região da Caatinga é caracterizada pelas altas temperaturas durante o ano e má distribuição das chuvas. Em virtude desses fatores de clima regional, tem-se a necessidade de adoção por práticas que elevem à eficiência e sustentabilidade agrícola local. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a aptidão de leguminosas herbáceas perenes como cobertura permanente de solo no cultivo de bananeira. Foram conduzidos três experimentos, para avaliação das leguminosas, utilizou-se um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no espaço e para algumas variáveis, sub-subdividida no tempo, sendo: Fator “A” os dois diferentes ambientes de plantio: municípios de Itaobim/MG e Virgem da Lapa/MG; Fator “B”, nas subparcelas, dois manejos de cobertura do solo e para algumas variáveis, três manejos, constituídos pelas leguminosas: cudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides) calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides) e solo descoberto (solo capinado); Fator “C” épocas de coleta de dados. Para avaliação das bananeiras, foram dois experimentos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas sudivididas no espaço, sendo: nas parcelas, fator “A” constituído por três manejos de cobertura do solo, pelas leguminosas: cudzu tropical e o calopogônio, e solo descoberto (solo capinado); fator “B”, nas subparcelas, plantas de bananeiras em três idades morfofisiológicas (diferentes ciclos e tamanhos); Para algumas variáveis que foram submetidas a coletas periódicas, utilizou-se o esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas no tempo, acrescentando-se o fator “C”, datas das coletas nas sub-subparcelas, tendo como referência os dias após semeadura (DAS) das leguminosas. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: taxa de cobertura do solo; potencial de deposição de folhas e a ciclagem de nutrientes; capacidade de inibição da vegetação espontânea; conservação da temperatura e promoção da retenção de umidade do solo. Também foi avaliado o crescimento vegetativo e produtividade das bananeiras. Como resultados principais, notou-se que as leguminosas proporcionaram eficiente cobertura do solo, o calopogônio apresentou o maior acúmulo de N, P, K, e Ca, via deposição de material senescente, tal como maior inibição das plantas espontâneas nos pomares de bananeiras. Essa cobertura também promoveu uma eficiente redução da temperatura do solo, possibilitando menor variação térmica nas camadas de maior concentração radicular da bananeira, e consequentemente, obtendo maior acúmulo de umidade no solo. As bananeiras cultivadas sobre coberturas vivas de solo apresentaram aumento gradativo no crescimento e peso de cacho. Os resultados reforçam o potencial uso dessas espécies na fruticultura, principalmente em regiões de severas restrições hídricas, como forma de adubação e otimização de diversos processos biológicos em seu ambiente de cultivo.
The region of the caatinga is characterized by high temperatures during the year and low rainfall. These regional climate factors demand the adoption of practices that increase the efficiency and sustainability of local farming. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the aptitude of perennial herbaceous legumen as a permanent cover crop in the cultivation of banana plant. Three experiments were conducted: to evaluate the leguminous used, a randomized complete block design, with four replications in a plot layout split in space, and for some variables, sub-subdivided in time, being Factor "A" the two different planting environments: municipalities of Itaobim – MG and Virgem da Lapa – MG; Factor "B", on subplots, two management strategies of soil cover and for some variables, three management strategies, made with the legumen: tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides) calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides) and bare soil (hoed soil); and Factor "C", times of data collection. For the evaluation of banana plants, two experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in split plots in space, being: in the plots, Factor "A" consists of three management strategies of soil cover, the leguminens calopo, tropical kudzu, and bare soil (hoed soil); factor "B", on the subplots they are banana plants in three morphophysiological ages (different cycles and sizes). For some variables that underwent periodic data collection, we used the split-split plot scheme in time, adding to factor "C" dates of collections in the sub-plots, having as reference the legumen’s days after sowing (DAS). The following variables were evaluated: rate of soil cover; deposition potential of leaves and nutrient cycling; ability to inhibit spontaneous vegetation; conservation of temperature and retention of humidity in the soil. We also assessed the growth and yield of banana plant. As main results we noted that legumens provided an efficient ground cover, the calopo showed the greatest accumulation of N, P, K, and Ca, by deposition of senescent material, such as greater inhibition of weeds in banana orchards. This coverage also promoted an efficient reduction of soil temperature, enabling lower thermal variation in higher layers of banana root growth and consequently obtaining higher accumulation of umidity in the soil. Bananas grown with cover crops showed gradual increase in growth and bunch weight. The results support the potential use of these species in fruit growing, particularly in regions with water restrictions, as a means of fertilization and optimization of diverse biological processes in their environments.

Intercropped legumes in coffee rows perform as green manure, providing good soil coverage and reducing weed infestation. This study evaluated soil coverage and interference of forage peanuts and perennial soybean on weed infestation and phytosociology, and on growth and yield of coffee plants. The experiment was done in Patrocínio/MG, in a 11 years old producing coffee orchard, cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, spaced by 3.80 x 0.70 m. Nine treatments were evaluated as a 23+1 factorial, in randomized blocks, with 4 repetitions, with two perennial legumes: forage peanuts (Arachis pintoi) and perennial soybean (Glycine wightii); two types of side management: with no side management, or with side management with glyphosate at 50 cm from canopy projection; two types of vertical management: no vertical management, or with legume vertical management at 5 cm above soil level. The additional treatment, the control, was done with the herbicide glyphosate (1.0 kg ha-1 of acid equivalent) between the rows. The two legume species resulted in good soil coverage, reducing weed infestation. Bidens pilosa and Spermacoce latifolia were the weed species with the greatest index of importance value. Perennial soybean, regardless of management, reduced the average number of nodes and coffee yield. Legume growth with no side management also affected coffee yield negatively, with greater interference during the high yield year. Forage peanut, with side management, did not affect the vegetative and yield characteristics of coffee.
As leguminosas intercaladas nas ruas do cafezal servem de adubo verde, proporcionam uma boa cobertura do solo e podem diminuir a infestação de plantas daninhas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a cobertura do solo e a interferência do amendoim-forrageiro e da soja-perene sobre a infestação e a fitossociologia de plantas daninhas e sobre as características vegetativas e produtivas do cafeeiro. O experimento foi instalado no município de Patrocínio/MG, em uma lavoura de café em produção da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho, linhagem IAC-99, no espaçamento de 3,80 x 0,70 m com 11 anos de idade. Utilizou-se nove tratamentos em esquema fatorial 23+1, no delineamento em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, sendo duas espécies de leguminosas perenes: amendoim-forrageiro (Arachis pintoi) e soja-perene (Glycine wightii); dois tipos de manejo lateral: sem manejo lateral e com manejo lateral com glyphosate a 50 cm da projeção da saia; dois tipos de manejo vertical: sem manejo vertical e com manejo vertical das leguminosas a 5 cm do solo. O tratamento adicional, correspondente à testemunha, foi realizado com a aplicação do herbicida glyphosate (1,0 kg ha-1 de equivalente ácido) nas entrelinhas da parcela. As duas espécies de leguminosas proporcionaram boa cobertura do solo, diminuindo a infestação de plantas daninhas. O picão-preto (Bidens pilosa) e a erva-quente (Spermacoce latifolia) foram as espécies de plantas daninhas com maior índice de valor de importância. A soja-perene, independente do manejo, diminuiu o número médio de nós e a produtividade de café. O cultivo de leguminosas sem o manejo lateral também prejudicou a produtividade de café, sendo a interferência maior no ano de carga alta. O amendoim-forrageiro manejado lateralmente não causou interferência nas características vegetativas e produtivas do cafeeiro.
Doutor em Agronomia

Cette etude a ete motivee par la necessite d'eliminer la dispersion observee sur les proprietes optiques de verres fluores zblan elabores par le procede de levitation sur film de gaz a partir de poudres dans des conditions identiques, et egalement de confirmer sur un plus large domaine de longueurs d'onde les excellents niveaux de performances obtenus pour certains de ces echantillons. A partir d'une revue preliminaire des differents facteurs influant typiquement sur la qualite optique des verres de fluorures, la recherche des causes de dispersion nous a conduits a analyser de maniere critique les differents stades de l'elaboration: du stockage des matieres premieres a l'affinage du bain fondu en levitation. Par ailleurs, compte tenu de l'importance de la maitrise de l'elaboration sans contact sur la reproductibilite, l'etude des transformations specifiques qui accompagnent notamment la fusion des poudres en levitation et la formation du bain fondu sous l'action de l'hexafluorure de soufre (sf#6), ainsi que l'exploration de voies nouvelles utilisant en particulier la fluoration in situ par le trifluorure d'azote (nf#3) ont permis l'amelioration et la simplification des procedures d'elaboration. Ainsi, une majorite de verres elabores au cours de cette etude et caracterises en diffusion optique a 90 et en tomographie a balayage laser, presente des performances optiques proches des meilleures valeurs rapportees dans la litterature. En particulier, les verres affines successivement sous sf#6 et nf#3 possedent des concentrations en defauts diffusants systematiquement inferieures a 500 par centimetre cube et des pertes par diffusion qui suivent la loi theorique de rayleigh sur le domaine de longueurs d'onde 488-1300 nm et qui, extrapolees a la longueur d'onde d'ultra-transparence de 2550 nm, sont proches des minima theoriques. Enfin, l'analyse des mesures optiques nous permet d'emettre une hypothese sur la nature et la taille des defauts diffusants generalement presents dans les verres elabores en levitation sous sf#6

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações - Sistemas de Informação
A realidade mundial é preocupante no que diz respeito ao aumento de ocorrências de perdas e fraudes em redes de distribuição de energia eléctrica. Em Cabo Verde, mas precisamente na Cidade da Praia a realidade é ainda mais preocupante devido ao número de ocorrências e a gravidade dos mesmos. Propõe-se um trabalho de investigação sobre perdas e fraudes de energia eléctrica baseado na análise dos dados relativos aos registos dos clientes na Base de Dados da Electra (Cabo Verde), com o intuito de nortear as tomadas de decisões de gestão estratégica no que diz respeito às políticas de controlo e prevenção de perdas e fraudes de energia eléctrica. O trabalho baseia-se na recolha e selecção de dados a organizar numa Data Warehouse para depois aplicar as tecnologias OLAP para a identificação de perdas nos Postos de Transformação e zonas geográficas da Cidade da Praia em Cabo Verde e posteriormente identificar possíveis fraudes de energia eléctrica nos clientes finais utilizando Data Mining. Os resultados principais consistiram na identificação de situações de perdas de energia eléctrica nos Postos de Transformação, a identificação de áreas críticas seleccionadas para inspecção dos seus clientes finais e a detecção de padrões de anomalias associadas ao perfil dos clientes.
This work focuses on the study of losses and frauds’ detection on electric power distribution networks, based on the analyses of the customers’ records in the Electra (Cabo Verde) database. The aim of this research study is to guide the strategic management decisions, related with the policies for control and prevention of losses and frauds in the electric power distribution network. This work includes data collection, transformation and organization in a Data Warehouse and subsequent application of OLAP technologies identify the losses in the transformation posts and geographic regions, followed by the identification of possible frauds in by the final costumers’ using the Data Mining techniques. The main results of this work are: the analyses and discovery of the loss of power in the transformation posts, the identification of critical areas for inspection of the final consumers and the detection of anomalies based on the profile of the client.

Les microrésonateurs à modes de galerie en matériaux amorphes sont faciles à produire par des techniques de fusion. Leur facteur de qualité est cependant limité à quelques 108 du fait du phénomène de contamination de surface ou d'une absorption résiduelle plus importante que celle des matériaux cristallins. Nous avons développé deux méthodes utilisant des micro-résonateurs actifs, fabriqués par fusion de poudres de verres ZBLALiP dopés Erbium, permettant de dépasser cette limite. Il est tout d'abord possible de compenser les pertes en introduisant du gain optique dans le micro-résonateur. Des facteurs de qualité chargés de 5×109 correspondant à un facteur de qualité intrinsèque de 1010 ont ainsi pu être mesurés. En plus d'une augmentation du facteur de qualité, le gain interne offre un paramètre supplémentaire de contrôle du couplage, cela nous a permis d'obtenir tous les régimes de couplage d'un résonateur à partir du sous couplage jusqu'au régime d'amplification sélective. Nous avons atteint en particulier le régime de transparence, un micro-résonateur dans un tel régime peut trouver des applications comme ligne à retard variable transparente ayant un retard de groupe qui peut être modifié en jouant sur le taux de couplage entre le résonateur et la ligne d'accès. La deuxième méthode consiste à augmenter très fortement la valeur de l'indice de groupe du milieu par des effets de lumière lente. Un indice de groupe d'environ 4×106 a été obtenu via le phénomène d'Oscillations Cohérentes de Populations (OCP) ce qui caractérise un très fort ralentissement de la lumière. Ceci nous a permis d'augmenter, dans une micro-cavité, le temps de stockage des photons de 200 ps à 2,5 ms ce qui correspond à un facteur Q de 3×1012
Glass-based whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are easy to produce by melting techniques. However, they suffer from surface contamination or residual absorption which limits their long term quality factor to only about 108. We show that an optical gain provided by erbium ions can compensate for residual losses. Moreover it is possible to control the coupling regime of an ultrahigh Q-factor microresonator from undercoupling to spectral selective amplification by changing the pumping rate. We demonstrate a critically coupled fluoride glass WGM microresonator with a diameter of 220 μm and a loaded Q-factor of 5,3×109. We also show that by introducing slow-light effects in a monolithic WGM microresonator it is possible to enhance the photon lifetime by several orders of magnitude and circumvent fabrication limitations. We experimentally demonstrate Erbium-doped fluoride glass microresonators with a photon lifetime up to 2,5 ms at room temperature, corresponding to a Q-factor of 3×1012 at 1530 nm, by combining WGM resonance effect and population oscillations

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Diante da crescente preocupa??o com os aspectos ambientais e os impactos negativos que s?o ou que podem ser gerados quando uma destina??o tur?stica ? oferecida, intensifica-se a urg?ncia de adotar ferramentas capazes de promover a sustentabilidade dessa destina??o e tamb?m criar a vantagem competitiva necess?ria dentro do mercado, agregando valor aos produtos e servi?os tur?sticos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar a percep??o do turista sobre a qualidade ambiental e de servi?os tur?sticos apresentados no destino Jo?o Pessoa (PB). A escolha do objeto de estudo justifica-se por Jo?o Pessoa estar inserida numa realidade onde se encontra relev?ncia ambiental, o que pede uma aten??o referente ao comportamento dos envolvidos no processo tur?stico local. Como procedimentos metodol?gicos da pesquisa, optou-se por uma revis?o bibliogr?fica, levantamento de dados secund?rios e uma pesquisa emp?rica, de cunho quantitativo, aplicando-se a caracteriza??o s?cio demogr?fica da amostra definida e as an?lises descritiva e fatorial das dimens?es e vari?veis obtidas com base nos modelos de pesquisa ECOSERV de Khan (2003), SERVQUAL de Parasuraman, Berry e Zeithalml (1985) e SERVPERF de Cronin e Taylor (1992). Tal question?rio, que de acordo com os resultados se mostrou confi?vel, permitiu analisar o desempenho, depois de adaptado, da destina??o em quest?o. Os resultados forneceram uma an?lise detalhada do perfil dos visitantes e do desempenho das dimens?es e vari?veis da qualidade ambiental e de servi?os tur?sticos, apontando, neste sentido, caminhos mais assertivos, na tomada de decis?o gerencial, a exemplo do marketing verde, para compor um destino tur?stico coerente com os produtos e servi?os oferecidos

Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2010.
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O futsal, esporte que surgiu da fusão entre o futebol de salão e o futebol de cinco, desenvolveu-se substancialmente nos últimos anos. Muito disso, deve-se às significativas alterações ocorridas nas suas regras, fazendo esse esporte mais dinâmico, competitivo e atraente. Nesse contexto, de popularidade do futsal, destacando-se em geral as questões pedagógicas, metodológicas e mais recentemente a detecção de talentos, tem sido neste início de século, motivo de muitos estudos e questionamentos. Assim, informações a respeito das características morfológicas (Dermatoglíficas, do Índice de Massa Corporal e Somatotípica) e das capacidades motrizes nos atletas de elite são relevantes para a detecção de talentos. Isso se justifica à medida que, tanto no futsal como em outros esportes, essas características, bem como a habilidade e o desempenho físico individual, são os fatores importantes para o sucesso de uma equipe. Portanto, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma caracterização morfológica (Dermatoglíficas, do Índice de Massa Corporal e Somatotípica) e das capacidades motoras de um grupo de atletas de futsal com idade entre 13 a 15 anos do sexo masculino da Universidade de Rio Verde - GO. Para isto foi realizada a mensuração de medidas antropométricas e das capacidades motoras; assim como a tomada dos desenhos dermatoglíficos dos dedos. O cálculo do IMC foi realizado através da fórmula Peso/Estatura ao quadrado, sendo o peso dado em quilogramas e a estatura em metros. Utilizou-se como referência as tabelas de percentis do IMC, baseadas nas medidas antropométricas coletadas na National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I); o protocolo de identificação de características dermatoglíficas utilizado foi o de Cummins & Midlo (1942) citado por Fernandes Filho (1997). Os resultados do IMC mostraram que apenas 8% dos atletas estão com níveis abaixo do peso e 92% do grupo avaliado está com o peso considerável saudável. As características somatotípicas são endomorfia 0,5 ± 0,08; mesomorfia 3,6 ± 0,92e a ectomorfia 3,9 ± 1,02 caracterizando o grupo de atletas de futsal como ectomorfo mesomórfico. As porcentagens para cada grupo foram endormorfia 4,0%, mesomorfia 44,0% e ectomorfia 52%. Com relação ao estudo dermatoglífico, os resultados mostraram que os atletas apresentam uma característica de resistência de velocidade pelos valores de arco A=1,2, presilha L=5,52 e verticílio W=3,36. Para os valores de D10 e SQTL temos respectivamente 12,24 e 117,6 sendo considerado assim com um bom nível de coordenação motora e qualidade de força. Os aspectos analisados indicaram que o grupo apresenta aptidão para atividades que exigem resistência e força e resistencia de velocidade. A identificação do perfil genético e da somatotipia desses atletas ainda jovens que fazem parte de uma equipe de elite da cidade, pode ser aplicado diretamente na orientação de estratégias de treinamento e melhor condução de uma possível atividade profissional. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The indoor soccer, a sport that emerged from the fusion of indoor football and soccer field, has developed substantially in recent years. Much also is due to significant changes in their rules, making the sport more dynamic, competitive and attractive. In this context, the popularity of soccer, emphasizing the general pedagogical issues, methodological, and more recently the detection of talents has been the beginning of this century, the subject of many studies and questions. For example, information about the morphological characteristics (dermatoglyphics of body mass index and somatotype) and driving skills in elite athletes are relevant to the detection of talents. This is justified as both the soccer and other sports, these characteristics, as well as individual ability and physical performance, are important factors for a successful team. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a morphological characterization (dermatoglyphics of body mass index and somatotype) and motor skills of a group of indoor soccer players aged 13-15 year old male University of Rio Verde - GO . For this measurement was performed anthropometric measurements and motor skills, as well as taking the drawings dermatoglyphic finger. The calculation of BMI was performed using the formula weight / height squared, and the weight given in kilograms and height in meters. Used as reference tables percentile of BMI, based on anthropometric measurements collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I), the protocol identification Dermatoglyphic characteristics was used Cummins & Midlo (1942) cited by Fernandes Son (1997). The results of the IMC showed that only 8% of athletes with levels are underweight and 92% of the group is estimated with considerable weight healthy. The features are endomorph somatotype 0.5 ± 0.08, 0.92 and 3.6 ± mesomorph ectomorph to 3.9 ± 1.02 characterizing the group of indoor soccer players as mesomorphic ectomorph. The percentages for each group were endormorfia 4.0%, 44.0% mesomorph and ectomorph 52%. With respect to dermatoglyphic study, results showed that athletes have a characteristic velocity resistance by the values of arc A = 1.2, loop L = 5.52 W = 3.36 and Verticillium. The values of D10 and LQTS have respectively 12.24 and 117.6 is considered so with a good level of motor coordination and quality of strength. It is considered that the group has indicated suitability for activities that require endurance and strength and speed endurance. The identification of the genetic profile and somatotype of athletes still young people who are part of an elite team of the city, can be applied directly on the orientation of training strategies and best driving of a possible professional activity.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
H? evid?ncias mostrando que a pr?tica de exerc?cios em ambientes naturais (exerc?cio verde ou azul) promove mudan?as favor?veis em aspectos psicoafetivos em rela??o aqueles vivenciados em ambientes fechados e urbanos. No entanto, ainda pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos dessa pr?tica na popula??o idosa. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito agudo do exerc?cio f?sico realizado em diferentes ambientes nas respostas psicoafetivas de idosos fisicamente ativos. Material e M?todos: Participaram deste estudo experimental do tipo crossover randomizado, 15 idosos fisicamente ativos de ambos os sexos (65,37 ? 5,11 anos de idade; 29,46 ? 0,09 kg.m-?; 4 homens). Ap?s processo de anamnese e ancoragem te?rica dos instrumentos utilizados, todos realizaram cinco sess?es de exerc?cio f?sico em tr?s diferentes ambientes: gin?sio poliesportivo (ambiente fechado), pista aberta de atletismo (ambiente verde) e praia (ambiente azul). As duas primeiras sess?es ocorreram em ambientes verde e azul para familiariza??o com os procedimentos e minimizar o efeito da novidade desses ambientes. Somente as tr?s ?ltimas sess?es tiveram os dados analisados. As sess?es de exerc?cio eram compostas por protocolos id?nticos ? 30 minutos de exerc?cio: 5 minutos de aquecimento, 20 minutos de caminhada com intensidade autosselecionada e 5 minutos de volta a calma. Antes e ap?s o exerc?cio, os volunt?rios autorrelataram seus atuais estados de humor com o question?rio ?Perfil do Estado de Humor?. Durante a caminhada, eles reportaram quatro vezes seus n?veis de esfor?o e de afeto por meio da Escala de Percep??o de Esfor?o e da Escala de Sensa??o, respectivamente. Al?m disso, foi quantificada a velocidade m?dia desenvolvida por eles durante a caminhada. Posteriormente a an?lises da normalidade da distribui??o do dados e homogeneidade da vari?ncia, os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA de Friedman (estado de humor) e ANOVA de medidas repetidas one-way (velocidade m?dia) e two-way (percep??o de esfor?o e afeto). Adotou-se como n?vel de signific?ncia estat?stica o p < 5%. Resultados: Em nenhum dos tr?s ambientes ocorreram mudan?as nos estados de humor. Os ?ndices de esfor?o e as velocidades m?dias, assim como as respostas afetivas foram equivalentes nesses ambientes. Conclus?o: Em idosos fisicamente ativos, uma sess?o de exerc?cio f?sico em contato com a natureza seja ele verde ou azul pode n?o proporcionar experi?ncias afetivas diferentes daquelas vivenciadas durante a pr?tica da mesma atividade em ambientes fechados.
There is evidence showing that exercise in natural environments (green or blue exercise) promotes favorable changes in psychoaffective aspects regarding those experienced indoors or urban environments. However, It is still unknown the effects of this practice in the elderly. Objective: To analyze the acute effect of physical exercise in different environments in psychoaffective responses of physically active elderly. Material and Methods: Participated of this experimental study randomized crossover type, 15 physically active elderly of both sexes (65.37 ? 5.11 years old; 29.46 ? 0.09 kg.m-?, 4 men). After process of anamnesis and theoretical anchor of the instruments used, all performed five exercise sessions in three different environment: multi-sport gym (closed environment), open running track (green environment) and the beach (blue environment). The first two sessions took place in the green and blue environment to familiarize with the procedures and minimize the effect of environmental news. Only the last three sessions had the data analyzed. The exercise sessions were composed of identical protocols - 30 minutes of exercise: 5 minutes of warm-up, 20 minutes of walk with self-selected intensity and 5 minutes back calm. Before and after exercise, volunteers self-reported your current mood states with the questionnaire "Profiles of Mood States". During the walk, they reported four times their levels of effort and affect through the Perceived Exertion Scale and Feeling Scale, respectively. Moreover, it was quantified the average speed developed by them while walking. Later the analysis of normal distribution of data and homogeneity of variance, the Friedman?s ANOVA (mood) and the ANOVA for repeated measures one-way (average speed) and two-way (perception of effort and affect) analyzed the data. Adopted as statistical significance level the p < 5%. Results: In none of the three environments were changes in mood states. The levels of effort and the average speeds as well as the affective responses were equivalent in these environments. Conclusion: In elderly, physically active, one exercise session in contact with nature, be it green or blue cannot provide different affective experiences of those experienced during practice the same activity indoors.

A la primera part d’aquesta tesi doctoral s’ha portat a terme l’anàlisi de composició bàsica de 16 productes flequers i de brioixeria tradicionals de la província de Lleida. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que existeix una gran variabilitat a la composició nutricional dels productes estudiats, derivada de les matèries primeres utilitzades, de la seva formulació i dels processos d’elaboració. La segona part de la tesi s’ha centrat en la millora de les propietats tecnològiques i dels perfils nutricional i sensorial del pa a través de la incorporació d’oli d’oliva verge com a ingredient. Amb aquesta finalitat s’han estudiat els efectes de l’addició d’oli d’oliva a diferents nivells (0-75%) sobre les propietats fisicoquímiques i reològiques de la massa de pa y els efectes sobre el producte final en termes de volum específic, perfil sensorial i composició nutricional. Els pans elaborats amb 4%, 10% i 20% d’oli d’oliva verge han mostrat bones propietats reològiques; no obstant, únicament els dos primers han estat acceptats sensorialment. La tercera part de la tesi s’ha centrat en millorar el contingut fenòlic del pa elaborat amb un 10% d’oli d’oliva verge, per això ha estat necessari establir el procediment d’extracció i quantificació de compostos fenòlics d’una matriu de pa. A més s’ha estudiat la millor combinació temperatura-temps-format de cocció del producte per a minimitzar la pèrdua de compostos fenòlics i maximitzar la preservació del contingut fenòlic inicial. A partir de l’anàlisi sensorial i de la quantificació de fenols, el pa formulat amb oli d’oliva Arbequina enriquit en compostos fenòlics ha estat l’escollit com a producte finalista.
En la primera parte de esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo el análisis de composición básica de 16 productos de panadería y bollería tradicionales de la provincia de Lleida. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe una gran variabilidad en la composición nutricional de los productos estudiados, derivada de las materias primas utilizadas, de su formulación y de los procesos de elaboración. La segunda parte de la tesis se ha centrado en la mejora de las propiedades tecnológicas y de los perfiles nutricional y sensorial del pan a través de la incorporación de aceite de oliva virgen como ingrediente. Con esta finalidad se han estudiado los efectos de la adición de aceite de oliva a distintos niveles (0-75%) sobre las propiedades físico-químicas y reológicas de la masa panaria, y sus efectos sobre el producto final en términos de volumen específico, perfil sensorial y composición nutricional. Los panes elaborados con 4%, 10% y 20% de aceite de oliva virgen han mostrado buenas propiedades reológicas; sin embargo únicamente los dos primeros han sido aceptados sensorialmente. La tercera parte de la tesis se ha centrado en mejorar el contenido fenólico del pan elaborado con un 10% de aceite de oliva virgen, para lo que se ha establecido el procedimiento de extracción y cuantificación de compuestos fenólicos de una matriz panaria. Además se ha estudiado la mejor combinación temperatura-tiempo-formato de cocción del producto para minimizar la pérdida de compuestos fenólicos y maximizar la preservación del contenido fenólico inicial. A partir del análisis sensorial y de la cuantificación de fenoles, el pan formulado con aceite de oliva Arbequina enriquecido en compuestos fenólicos ha sido escogido como el producto finalista.
In the first part of this doctoral thesis the basic composition analysis of 16 baked and pastry traditional products of Lleida province has been carried out. The obtained data indicates that there is a great variability in the nutritional composition of the studied products, which is derived of raw materials used, of their formulation and manufacturing processes. The second part of the thesis has been focused on the improvement of technological properties and of nutritional and sensorial profiles of bread through the addition of virgin olive oil as ingredient. For this purpose the effect of addition of different levels of virgin olive oil (0-75%) on physiochemical and rheological properties of bread dough, and its effects on final product in terms of specific volume, sensory profile and nutritional composition have been studied. Bread made with 4%, 10% and 20% of virgin olive oil showed good rheological properties, but only the first two were considered acceptable from sensory analyses. The third part of the thesis has been focused on improving the phenolic content of the bread made with 10% of virgin olive oil; to achieve it, establishing the phenolic compounds extraction and quantification procedure of a bread matrix has been necessary. Furthermore the best combination temperature-time-format of product baking to minimize the lost of phenolic compounds and maximize the preservation of initial phenolic content has been studied. From sensory analyses and phenolic quantification, the bread formulated with Arbequina olive oil enriched with phenolic compounds has been chosen as finalist product.

L'intégration des systèmes de conversion statique dans de nombreux domaines d'application de l'électronique de puissance est un enjeu majeur, comme peuvent en témoigner sa forte expansion dans les transports, ou dans la gestion et la distribution de l'énergie électrique. Un axe important de recherche du LAPLACE, dans le cadre du projet national 3DPHI, porte sur l'étude de convertisseurs intégrés mêlant diverses technologies en vue de mutualiser fonctions et matériaux. L'étude et la conception de ces nouveaux dispositifs (pour des applications de filtrage et/ou de stockage d'énergie par exemple) nécessitent leur modélisation. L'approche comportementale entrée-sortie peut, dans certains cas, être une alternative aux modèles à paramètres répartis dont les simulations sont coûteuses en temps et en moyens de calcul. La prise en compte de ces aspects répartis conduit alors à des opérateurs entrée-sortie non standard (non rationnels en particulier), dont la simulation temporelle n'est pas triviale. La Représentation Diffusive a été employée pour modéliser puis identifier les paramètres de ces opérateurs, à travers divers exemples du Génie Electrique. Des simulations sont comparées aux mesures, aussi bien dans le domaine fréquentiel que temporel et dans des cas de systèmes linéaires et non linéaires
Integration technologies in power electronics and energy conversion systems is one of the major trends nowadays, as proven by their rapid growth in the field of energy production, dispatching and management. Part of the research conducted at the Laplace Laboratory focuses on the study of integrated converters (via the National Research Foundation Program 3DPHI), while trying to combine dielectric and magnetic materials properties with integration techniques in order to achieve compact functional blocks. The design and study of complex systems using such new devices dedicated to energy storage and filtering often imply the development of accurate models. Behavioural modelling can be a very effective alternative to finite elements models, which are much more time and memory consuming. The introduction of spatially distributed effects leads to models involving non-standard operators (in particular non-rational ones), which are difficult to simulate in the time domain. Diffusive representation has been used to model and identify the parameters of these operators, as illustrated in this manuscript by some examples of devices encountered in electrical engineering. Simulation results are compared to actual measurements, both in the time domain and the frequency domain, and applied to the study of linear and non-linear systems

Le site archéologique qui se trouve dans le secteur historique de la réserve abénakise d’Odanak a été occupé pendant plusieurs siècles. Des fouilles archéologiques ont été menées de 2010 à 2013 sous la direction de Geneviève Treyvaud et Michel Plourde. Elles ont permis de mettre au jour divers témoins archéologiques dont plusieurs sont reliés aux ornements personnels. Ces derniers ont été étudiés afin de déterminer de quelles chaînes opératoires ils sont issus et quelles opérations ont pu se dérouler directement sur le site d’Odanak. Des ornements en pierre, en métal, en verre et en matière organique ont été portés à travers le temps par les Abénakis. Plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées pour les fabriquer et certains artéfacts en portent les traces caractéristiques. Il a été constaté que le site est divisé en trois zones d’activité : une zone d’habitat, une zone artisanale et la palissade. Plusieurs artéfacts semblent avoir été manipulés et transformés dans la zone artisanale tandis qu’ils ont plutôt été entreposés dans la zone d’habitation et abandonnés près de la palissade.
The archaeological site located in the historical part of the Abenaki reserve of Odanak has been occupied for several centuries. From 2010 to 2013, excavations of this site were carried out under the direction of Geneviève Treyvaud and Michel Plourde. The excavations led to the discovery of several features including many artéfacts relating to personal ornaments. These objects were studied to determine which chaîne opératoire led to their presence on the site and which operations were carried out at Odanak. Ornaments crafted from stone, metal, glass and various organic materials were worn by the Abenakis. Several different production techniques were used to craft these ornaments and these techniques left characteristic traces on the objects. Three areas are apparent on the site: a domestic zone, a production zone and a palisade. Several artifacts appear to have been manipulated and transformed in the production zone, stored in the domestic zone, and abandoned near the palisade.