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1
Milicevic, Radovan, Gavrilo Brajovic, Natasa Nikolic-Jakoba, Branka Popovic, Dusan Pavlica, Vojislav Lekovic, and Jelena Milasin. "Identification of periodontopathogen microorganisms by PCR technique." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 9-10 (2008): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0810476m.
Анотація:
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. The onset and progression of periodontal disease is attributed to the presence of elevated levels of a consortium of pathogenic bacteria. Gram negative bacteria, mainly strict anaerobes, play the major role. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess the presence of the main types of microorganisms involved in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontal disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Treponema denticola, Tanerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia in different samples collected from the oral cavity of 90 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. METHOD Bacterial DNA detection was performed in diverse biological materials, namely in dental plaque, gingival tissue and saliva, by means of multiplex PCR, a technique that allows simultaneous identification of two different bacterial genomes. RESULTS In the dental plaque of the periodontitis patients, Treponema denticola dominated. In the gingival tissue, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were the microbiota most frequently detected, whilst in saliva Treponema denticola and Eikenella corrodens were found with the highest percentage. CONCLUSION The identification of microorganisms by multiplex PCR is specific and sensitive. Rapid and precise assessment of different types of periodontopathogens is extremely important for early detection of the infection and consequently for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. In everyday clinical practice, for routine bacterial evaluation in patients with periodontal disease, the dental plaque is the most suitable biological material, because it is the richest in periodontal bacteria.
2
B, Ashwath, Adline Vadhana D, Anitha V, and Shanmugam M. "Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans- A periodontopathogen." IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpi.2021.011.
Анотація:
is a gram-negative oral pathobiont that is associated with severe form of periodontitis. This bacterium has various virulence factors which enables the bacterium to colonize the oral cavity, invade and evade the host defences. Leukotoxin and cytolethal distending toxin are the important virulence factors that causes periodontal destruction. Periodontal infections with seems to be refractory to conventional therapy and systemic antibiotics. Hence, leukotoxin represents an ideal anti-virulence target and inhibition of its immunosuppressive activity would eliminate the colonization advantage provided to the bacteria by the toxin. This review provides a comprehensive update of with an emphasis on its virulence factors leukotoxin and cytolethal distending toxin and its role in periodontal destruction and recent developments in the management.
3
Teughels, W., M. G. Newman, W. Coucke, A. D. Haffajee, H. C. Van Der Mei, S. Kinder Haake, E. Schepers, et al. "Guiding Periodontal Pocket Recolonization: a Proof of Concept." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 11 (November 2007): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708601111.
Анотація:
The complexity of the periodontal microbiota resembles that of the gastro-intestinal tract, where infectious diseases are treatable via probiotics. In the oropharyngeal region, probiotic or replacement therapies have shown some benefit in the prevention of dental caries, otitis media, and pharyngitis, but their effectiveness in the treatment of periodontitis is unknown. Therefore, this study addressed the hypothesis that the application of selected beneficial bacteria, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing, would inhibit the periodontopathogen recolonization of periodontal pockets. Analysis of the data showed, in a beagle dog model, that when beneficial bacteria were applied in periodontal pockets adjunctively after root planing, subgingival recolonization of periodontopathogens was delayed and reduced, as was the degree of inflammation, at a clinically significant level. The study confirmed the hypothesis and provides a proof of concept for a guided pocket recolonization (GPR) approach in the treatment of periodontitis.
4
Ha, Jae Yeong, Jiwon Seok, Suk-Jeong Kim, Hye-Jin Jung, Ka-Young Ryu, Michiko Nakamura, Il-Sung Jang, Su-Hyung Hong, Youngkyun Lee, and Heon-Jin Lee. "Periodontitis promotes bacterial extracellular vesicle-induced neuroinflammation in the brain and trigeminal ganglion." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 10 (October 23, 2023): e1011743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011743.
Анотація:
Gram-negative bacteria derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as outer membrane vesicles, have attracted significant attention due to their pathogenic roles in various inflammatory diseases. We recently demonstrated that EVs secreted by the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and that their extracellular RNA cargo can promote the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in the brain. To gain more insight into the relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and neuroinflammatory diseases, we investigated the effect of Aa EVs in a mouse model of ligature-induced PD. When EVs were administered through intragingival injection or EV-soaked gel, proinflammatory cytokines were strongly induced in the brains of PD mice. The use of TLR (Toll-like receptor)-reporter cell lines and MyD88 knockout mice confirmed that the increased release of cytokines was triggered by Aa EVs via TLR4 and TLR8 signaling pathways and their downstream MyD88 pathway. Furthermore, the injection of EVs through the epidermis and gingiva resulted in the direct retrograde transfer of Aa EVs from axon terminals to the cell bodies of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and the subsequent activation of TG neurons. We also found that the Aa EVs changed the action potential of TG neurons. These findings suggest that EVs derived from periodontopathogens such as Aa might be involved in pathogenic pathways for neuroinflammatory diseases, neuropathic pain, and other systemic inflammatory symptoms as a comorbidity of periodontitis.
5
Mintz, Keith P., and Paula M. Fives-Taylor. "impA, a Gene Coding for an Inner Membrane Protein, Influences Colonial Morphology of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 6580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.12.6580-6586.2000.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Directed mutagenesis of a gene coding for a membrane protein of the periodontopathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was achieved by conjugation. The gene was disrupted by insertion of an antibiotic cassette into a unique endonuclease restriction sequence engineered by inverse PCR. The disrupted gene was cloned into a conjugative plasmid and transferred from Escherichia colito A. actinomycetemcomitans. The allelic replacement mutation resulted in the loss of a 22-kDa inner membrane protein. The loss of this protein (ImpA) resulted in changes in the outer membrane protein composition of the bacterium. Concurrent with the mutation in impA was a change in the pattern of growth of the mutant bacteria in broth cultures. The progenitor bacteria grew as a homogeneous suspension of cells compared to a granular, autoaggregating adherent cell population described for the mutant bacteria. These data suggest that ImpA may play a regulatory role or be directly involved in protein(s) that are exported and associated with colony variations in A. actinomycetemcomitans.
6
de Andrade, Kívia Queiroz, Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, and Robson Coutinho-Silva. "Immunological Pathways Triggered byPorphyromonas gingivalisandFusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?" Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (June 24, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7241312.
Анотація:
Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) andFusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide.P. gingivalisandF. nucleatumpossess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host’s immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1βand caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1βrelease. The exact molecular events of the host’s response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced byP. gingivalisandF. nucleatuminfections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections.
7
Hanel, Alyssa N., Hannah M. Herzog, Michelle G. James, and Giancarlo A. Cuadra. "Effects of Oral Commensal Streptococci on Porphyromonas gingivalis Invasion into Oral Epithelial Cells." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8020039.
Анотація:
The objective of this study was to determine if the interaction between common oral commensal bacteria and oral epithelial cells would provide protective effects against the invasion of periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral epithelial OKF6/Tert cells were used in co-cultures with Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus intermedius. The viability of OKF6/Tert cells following a bacterial challenge was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion. The adherence of commensal species was determined by CFU counts. P. gingivalis invasion in OKF6/Tert cells was assessed before and after exposure to commensal species according to CFU counts. Viability assays show that only S. gordonii and S. intermedius display low toxicity toward OKF6/Tert cells. Both commensals adhere to OKF6/Tert cells at an average ratio of 1 CFU to 10 cells. P. gingivalis invasion into host cells is significantly reduced by 25% or 60% after exposure to S. gordonii or S. intermedius, respectively. The results suggest that these commensal species bind to host cells and diminish P. gingivalis invasion. This is important in the context of periodontal disease since P. gingivalis primarily acts on the host by invading it. Therefore, efforts to decrease invasion will eventually lead to future therapies harnessing the mechanisms employed by oral commensal bacteria.
8
Velusamy, S. K., R. Poojary, R. Ardeshna, Waad Alabdulmohsen, D. H. Fine, and K. Velliyagounder. "Protective Effects of Human Lactoferrin during Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Bacteremia in Lactoferrin-Deficient Mice." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 1 (November 4, 2013): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00020-13.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a periodontopathogen, has been associated with several systemic diseases. Herein, we report the protective effect of human lactoferrin (hLF) duringA. actinomycetemcomitansbacteremia in lactoferrin knockout (LFKO−/−) mice. The prophylactic, concurrent, and therapeutic intravenous (i.v.) administrations of hLF significantly cleared the bacteria from blood and organs. Nevertheless, all modes of hLF administration significantly decreased the concentrations of serum proinflammatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70. Additionally, hLF administration significantly decreased hepatic and splenic proinflammatory cytokine expression levels compared to those in the non-hLF-treated group. Furthermore, administration of hLF decreased the serum C-reactive protein level, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene expression levels in liver and spleen. hLF treatment has also resulted in a 6-fold decrease in spleen weight with the migration of typical inflammatory cells in infected mice as a result of decreased inflammatory response. These results reveal that hLF protects againstA. actinomycetemcomitansbacteremia, as indicated by rapid bacterial clearance and decreased host proinflammatory mediators.
9
Moon, Ji-Hoi, Jae-Hong Park, and Jin-Yong Lee. "Antibacterial Action of Polyphosphate onPorphyromonas gingivalis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 2 (November 22, 2010): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01014-10.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTPolyphosphate [poly(P)] has antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria are generally resistant to poly(P). Here, we describe the antibacterial characterization of poly(P) against a Gram-negative periodontopathogen,Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MICs of pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) and all poly(P) (Nan+ 2PnO3n+ 1;n= 3 to 75) tested for the bacterium by the agar dilution method were 0.24% and 0.06%, respectively. Orthophosphate (Na2HPO4) failed to inhibit bacterial growth. Poly-P75 was chosen for further study. In liquid medium, 0.03% poly-P75 was bactericidal againstP. gingivalisirrespective of the growth phase and inoculum size, ranging from 105to109cells/ml. UV-visible spectra of the pigments fromP. gingivalisgrown on blood agar with or without poly-P75 showed that poly-P75 reduced the formation of μ-oxo bisheme by the bacterium. Poly-P75 increased hemin accumulation on theP. gingivalissurface and decreased energy-driven uptake of hemin by the bacterium. The expression of the genes encoding hemagglutinins, gingipains, hemin uptake loci, chromosome replication, and energy production was downregulated, while that of the genes related to iron storage and oxidative stress was upregulated by poly-P75. The transmission electron microscope showed morphologically atypical cells with electron-dense granules and condensed nucleoid in the cytoplasm. Collectively, poly(P) is bactericidal againstP. gingivalis, in which hemin/heme utilization is disturbed and oxidative stress is increased by poly(P).
10
Nokhbehsaim, Marjan, Anna Damanaki, Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira, Sigrun Eick, Svenja Memmert, Xiaoyan Zhou, Shanika Nanayakkara, et al. "Regulation of Ghrelin Receptor by Periodontal Bacteria In Vitro and In Vivo." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4916971.
Анотація:
Ghrelin plays a major role in obesity-related diseases which have been shown to be associated with periodontitis. This study sought to analyze the expression of the functional receptor for ghrelin (GHS-R1a) in periodontal cells and tissues under microbial conditions in vitro and in vivo. The GHS-R1a expression in human periodontal cells challenged with the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, in gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy and diseased individuals, and from rats with and without ligature-induced periodontitis was analyzed by real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence. F. nucleatum induced an initial upregulation and subsequent downregulation of GHS-R1a in periodontal cells. In rat experimental periodontitis, the GHS-R1a expression at periodontitis sites was increased during the early stage of periodontitis, but significantly reduced afterwards, when compared with healthy sites. In human gingival biopsies, periodontally diseased sites showed a significantly lower GHS-R1a expression than the healthy sites. The expression of the functional ghrelin receptor in periodontal cells and tissues is modulated by periodontal bacteria. Due to the downregulation of the functional ghrelin receptor by long-term exposure to periodontal bacteria, the anti-inflammatory actions of ghrelin may be diminished in chronic periodontal infections, which could lead to an enhanced periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction.
11
Vlasa, Alexandru, Carmen Biriș, Luminița Lazăr, Anamaria Bud, Mariana Păcurar, Eugen Bud, and Lia Yero Eremie. "Detection and Quantification of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria in Subgingival Plaque Samples on Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jim-2016-0034.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction: According to last years' research, periodontopathogens may have a negative impact on treatment options in patients with periodontal lesions. However, not all infected sites suffer periodontal destructions, which can be explained on the assumption that only a limited number of pathogens present in a sufficient amount, are capable of affecting the periodontal tissue. Thermal cycling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a new technique used for the identification and quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria. The aim of our study was to confirm the presence of periodontal pathogens, and to evaluate the amount of microbacterial pathogens in the periodontal pockets of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment for a more predictable result. Material and methods: A total amount of 32 subgingival samples were collected from periodontal pockets ≥6 mm in 8 patients. Clinical examinations, periapical radiographs and periodontal screenings were performed. Only patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were included in the study. PCR and DNA hybridization-based identification were performed by paper-point sampling using a micro-IDent plus, Hain Lifescience Germany kit. Results and Discussions: Results showed that bacterial load may be connected to disease progression. The prevalence of the periodontopathogenic bacteria Actinobacillus a. was established in 42.8% of cases, P. Gingivalis in 71.42%, P. Intermedia 57.14%, Bacteroides F. was found in 85.71% of cases, Treponema D. in 100% of cases. Extremely high bacterial loads were recorded for Actinobacillus a., Bacteroides F. and Prevotella I.
12
Panas, Marta, Adriana Baryliyak, and Olena Korniychuk. "Application of low-level laser radiation with TiO2, Ag/TiO2 and S/TiO2 on Streptococcus salivarius isolated from the oral cavity." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT In our research, we determine the effect of low-level laser irradiation with nanoparticles on Streptococcus salivarius. Photodynamic killing of periodontopathogenic bacteria may be an alternative to the systemic application of antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The application of photosensitizing nanoparticles and their excitation by visible light of blue spectra enables effective killing of periodontopathogens. This data combined with the results demonstrates that TiO2, AgTiO2 and S/TiO2 can inhibit the proliferation of Streptococcus salivarius due to its high photocatalytic activity, which irreversibly damages the cell walls and membranes.
13
Buonavoglia, Alessio, Adriana Trotta, Michele Camero, Marco Cordisco, Michela Maria Dimuccio, and Marialaura Corrente. "Streptococcus mutans Associated with Endo-Periodontal Lesions in Intact Teeth." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 11837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211837.
Анотація:
A massive periodontal destruction can affect the root canal (RC) system and potentially expose the pulpo-dentinal complex to opportunistic bacteria. Streptococcus mutans is a major pathogen of human caries and periodontal diseases, and its virulence mostly resides in the ability to adhere to collagen and form biofilms, due to collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) Cnm and Cbm. Seventeen patients affected by severe endo-periodontal lesions without caries and/or exposure of pulpal tissue were subjected to tooth extraction and samples for microbiological investigation were collected from the root surface (RS) and RC. The collected swabs were cultivated and subjected to the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of S. mutans and to the PCR for the cnm/cbm genes investigation, followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). S. mutans DNA was detected in 12/17 (70.5%) RS samples and in 8/17 (47.0%) RC samples. In the CBPs screening of positive samples, the cnm gene was detected in 4/12 (33.3%) RS and in 1/8 (12.5%) RC samples, whilst all the samples tested negative for the cbm gene. The presence of the cnm gene could enhance the local virulence of the pathogens. Therefore, S. mutans have to be included as potential periodontopathogen bacterium in severe or refractory forms of periodontal diseases.
14
Kataoka, Kosuke, Atsuo Amano, Shigetada Kawabata, Hideki Nagata, Shigeyuki Hamada, and Satoshi Shizukuishi. "Secretion of Functional Salivary Peptide by Streptococcus gordonii Which Inhibits Fimbria-Mediated Adhesion ofPorphyromonas gingivalis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.8.3780-3785.1999.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis, a putative periodontopathogen, can bind to human salivary components with its fimbriae. We have previously shown that fimbriae specifically bind to a peptide domain shared by a major salivary component, i.e., proline-rich (glyco)proteins (PRPs). The synthetic domain peptide PRP-C (pPRP-C) significantly inhibits the fimbrial binding to PRPs. In this study, a recombinant strain of Streptococcus gordonii secreting pPRP-C was generated as a model of a possible approach to prevent the oral colonization by the pathogen. A duplicate DNA fragment (prpC) encoding pPRP-C was obtained by self-complementary annealing of synthetic oligonucleotides. prpC was connected downstream to a promoter and a gene encoding a signal peptide ofStreptococcus downei glucosyltransferase I in frame. The linked fragments were inserted into the plasmid pMNK-4 derived from pVA838. The constructed plasmid was inserted to produce the transformant S. gordonii G9B, which then successfully secreted recombinant pPRP-C (r-pPRP-C) of the expected size. The concentrated bacterial culture supernatant containing r-pPRP-C inhibited the binding of P. gingivalis cells and fimbriae to PRP1 in a dose-dependent manner up to 72 and 77%, respectively. The r-pPRP-C concentrate also inhibited the coaggregation of P. gingivalis with various streptococcal strains as effectively as synthetic pPRP-C in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, pPRP-C was found to be able to prevent P. gingivalis adherence to salivary receptor protein and plaque-forming bacteria. These results suggest that this recombination approach with a nonperiodontopathic bacterium may be suitable for the therapeutic prevention of P. gingivalis adherence to the oral cavity.
15
He, Jia, Hiroshi Miyazaki, Cecilia Anaya, Fan Yu, W. Andrew Yeudall, and Janina P. Lewis. "Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis FeoB2 in Metal Uptake and Oxidative Stress Protection." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 7 (July 2006): 4214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00014-06.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is a recognized periodontopathogen. It exhibits a high degree of aerotolerance and is able to survive in host cells, indicating that efficient oxidative stress protection mechanisms must be present in this organism. Manganese homeostasis plays a major role in oxidative stress protection in a variety of organisms; however, the transport and role of this metal in P. gingivalis is not well understood. Analysis of the genome of P. gingivalis W83 revealed the presence of two genes encoding homologs of a ferrous iron transport protein, FeoB1 and FeoB2. FeoB2 has been implicated in manganese accumulation in P. gingivalis. We sought to determine the role of the FeoB2 protein in metal transport as well as its contribution to resistance to oxygen radicals. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analyses demonstrated that expression of feoB2 is induced in the presence of oxygen. The role of FeoB2 was investigated using an isogenic mutant strain deficient in the putative transporter. We characterized the FeoB2-mediated metal transport using 55Fe2+ and 54Mn2+. The FeoB2-deficient mutant had dramatically reduced rates of manganese uptake (0.028 pmol/min/107 bacteria) compared with the parental strain (0.33 pmol/min/107 bacteria) (after 20 min of uptake using 50 nM of 54Mn2+). The iron uptake rates, however, were higher in the mutant strain (0.75 pmol/min/107 bacteria) than in the wild type (0.39 pmol/min/107 bacteria). Interestingly, reduced survival rates were also noted for the mutant strain after exposure to H2O2 and to atmospheric oxygen compared to the parental strain cultured under the same conditions. In addition, in vitro infection of host cells with the wild type, the FeoB2-deficient mutant, and the same-site revertant revealed that the mutant had a significantly decreased capability for intracellular survival in the host cells compared to the wild-type strain. Our results demonstrate that feoB2 encodes a major manganese transporter required for protection of the bacterium from oxidative stress generated by atmospheric oxygen and H2O2. Furthermore, we show that FeoB2 and acquisition of manganese are required for intracellular survival of P. gingivalis in host cells.
16
Davidovich, Nataliya Valerievna, A. S. Galieva, A. S. Opravin, T. Yu Gagarina, O. G. Malygina, S. N. Leikhter, E. N. Bashilova, and T. A. Bazhukova. "Correlation of marker periodontopathogenic bacteria with the immune component sCD14 secretion level in inflammatory periodontal diseases." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 67, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-8-471-475.
Анотація:
Lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is a highly active biological substance: its interaction with toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4) of myeloid cells leads to the activation of a cascade of inflammatory reactions, which is accompanied by the release of the soluble CD14 receptor (sCD14), which can be considered not only as a marker of cell activation by endotoxin, but also as a marker of microbial translocation. The aim of the work was to assess the prognostic significance of the sCD14 level in the samples of the periodontal pocket in inflammatory periodontal diseases and the relationship of its secretion with marker periodontopathogens. For the study, washes were obtained from the periodontal pocket (88 samples in total) from patients with chronic periodontitis and intact periodontium. The sCD14 content was determined by ELISA; during real-time PCR, the marker periodontopathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Candida albicans were isolated. The study revealed differences in the level of sCD14 secretion by groups: in chronic periodontitis, its content was 8,5 times higher than in the control group and amounted to 17,2±4,06 ng/ml (p=0,006). The frequency of detecting genes of periodontal pathogenic bacteria was 89,3% in patients with periodontitis and 31,25% in the group with intact periodontium. An interesting dependence of the detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis was established depending on the content of sCD14. Thus, at high concentrations of soluble coreceptor, a greater number of periodontopathogenic bacteria of the I and II orders were released. Thus, in inflammatory periodontal diseases, the processes of sCD14 synthesis change, which is probably due to the colonization of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and the action of their toxins and aggression factors. The relationship of marker periodontopathogens with the level of secretion of the immune component sCD14 and its effect on the structure of the periodontal index reflect shifts in the processes of reparative regeneration of the oral mucosa and the regulation of local immunity in response to microbial invasion.
17
Yuan, Lihui, Jeffrey D. Hillman, and Ann Progulske-Fox. "Microarray Analysis of Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 7 (July 2005): 4146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.7.4146-4154.2005.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Quorum sensing is a phenomenon defined as gene regulation in response to cell density that regulates various functions in bacteria. The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses a luxS gene homologue that may encode a quorum-sensing system. In order to identify genes of P. gingivalis that are regulated by luxS, gene expression analysis was done using microarrays and RNA samples from the W83 wild-type strain and an isogenic luxS mutant, LY2001. The results indicated that 17 open reading frames (ORFs) in LY2001 are upregulated and two are downregulated. Real-time PCR was done to confirm the microarray results. Among the upregulated ORFs is a group of stress-related genes, including htrA, clpB, groEL, dnaK, and the F subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase. This suggested that luxS is involved in stress gene regulation in P. gingivalis. Stress response experiments, including high-temperature survival, resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and survival during exposure to low and high pH, were performed on the P. gingivalis wild-type and LY2001 strains. LY2001 had a significantly higher survival rate than did W83 when stressed at 50°C. No difference was found at pH 5, but LY2001 had increased survival compared to W83 at pH 9. LY2001 also survived better than W83 when stressed with 0.35 mM H2O2. These results suggest that luxS might be involved in promoting survival of P. gingivalis in the host by regulating its response to host-induced stresses such as temperature, H2O2, and pH.
18
Cafiero, Concetta, Cristina Grippaudo, Marco Dell’Aquila, Pasquale Cimmino, Antonio D’Addona, Paolo De Angelis, Maria Pia Ottaiano, et al. "Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Periodontal Bacteria: A Clinical Pilot Study." Biomolecules 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12060833.
Анотація:
Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by microorganisms involving the supporting tissues of the teeth. Gene variants may influence both the composition of the biofilm in the oral cavity and the host response. The objective of the study was to investigate the potential correlations between the disease susceptibility, the presence and the quantity of periodontopathogenic oral bacterial composition and the VDR gene polymorphisms. Methods: Fifty (50) unrelated periodontal patients and forty-one (41) healthy controls were selected for genomic DNA extraction. DNA concentration was measured and analyzed. The periodontopathogenic bacterial species were identified and quantified using a Real Time PCR performed with species-specific primers and probes. Results: Genotype distribution showed a different distribution between the groups for BsmI rs1544410 genotypes (p = 0.0001) with a prevalence of the G(b) allele in periodontal patients (p = 0.0003). Statistical significance was also found for VDR TaqI rs731236 (p ≤ 0.00001) with a prevalence of the T(T) allele in periodontal patients (p ≤ 0.00001). The average bacterial copy count for the periodontitis group was significantly higher than that of control group. Dividing patients into two groups based on high or low bacterial load, FokI rs2228570 T allele (f) was statistically more represented in patients with high bacterial load. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest the involvement of the VDR gene BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms in periodontal disease, while FokI and BsmI may be involved in determining an increased presence of periodontopathogens.
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Martellacci, Leonardo, Gianluca Quaranta, Romeo Patini, Gaetano Isola, Patrizia Gallenzi, and Luca Masucci. "A Literature Review of Metagenomics and Culturomics of the Peri-implant Microbiome: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12183010.
Анотація:
Background and objectives: In recent years, many different culture-independent molecular techniques have been developed with the aim of investigating the not yet cultivated part of the resident flora of the oral cavity and of analyzing the peri-implant and periodontal flora both in healthy and diseased sites. The most used technologies are Roche 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina HiSeq/MiSeq, ABI SOLiD and Ion Torrent. Due to these methods, two different approaches are available: Metagenomics and the 16S gene analysis. A complementary strategy was also recently developed: Culturomics. Culturomics consists of different culture conditions that allow a very rapid bacterial identification. The focused question of this review was developed in PICO format in order to investigate the role of metagenomics, 16S gene analysis and culturomics (interventions) in the differential study (comparison) of the peri-implant and periodontal microbiome (outcome) in humans (participants). The secondary aim was the characterization of currents limits and future applications of the three techniques. Methods: The authors performed a literature search on three databases (Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed) from 01/01/2003 to 31/06/2019. Date of last search was: 25/08/19. Any type of article dealing with the analysis of periodontal and peri-implant flora with metagenomic, culturomic or 16S gene analysis was included. No language restrictions were applied. Risk of bias for RCT was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool whereas case-control and cohort studies were evaluated through the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: The initial search resulted in 330 titles in total. After careful evaluation of all results no studies were found to satisfy the primary outcome of the present review. Hence a narrative review dealing with the secondary aim was performed. Conclusions: Metagenomic and 16S gene analysis approaches contributed in clarifying some crucial aspects of the oral microbiome. Based on the reported evidence some bacteria could be found around teeth and implants even in the absence of signs of inflammation and other species are more frequently found in supragingival peri-implant biofilm. Teeth and implants (even if adjacent) seem not to share the same microbiome and healthy teeth have a more diversified one. The same analyses also highlighted that the oral biofilm of smokers is composed by more periodontopathogen bacteria compared to non-smokers and that geographical location and ethnicity seem to play a role in bacterial composition. Culturomics, which has not yet been applied to the study of oral microbiota, consists of the use of different culture conditions and of the identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS) with the aim of increasing the bacterial repertoire and avoiding the limits of molecular methods. In order to better evaluate perspectives and limits of the all presented approaches further studies comparing the different molecular techniques are encouraged. This review received no funding.
20
Sharma, Ashu, Hakimuddin T. Sojar, Ingrid Glurich, Kiyonobu Honma, Howard K. Kuramitsu, and Robert J. Genco. "Cloning, Expression, and Sequencing of a Cell Surface Antigen Containing a Leucine-Rich Repeat Motif from Bacteroides forsythus ATCC 43037." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.12.5703-5710.1998.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Bacteroides forsythus is a recently recognized human periodontopathogen associated with advanced, as well as recurrent, periodontitis. However, very little is known about the mechanism of pathogenesis of this organism. The present study was undertaken to identify the surface molecules of this bacterium that may play roles in its adherence to oral tissues or triggering of a host immune response(s). The gene (bspA) encoding a cell surface-associated protein of B. forsythus with an apparent molecular mass of 98 kDa was isolated by immunoscreening of a B. forsythus gene library constructed in a lambda ZAP II vector. The encoded 98-kDa protein (BspA) contains 14 complete repeats of 23 amino acid residues that show partial homology to leucine-rich repeat motifs. A recombinant protein containing the repeat region was expressed inEscherichia coli, purified, and utilized for antibody production, as well as in vitro binding studies. The purified recombinant protein bound strongly to fibronectin and fibrinogen in a dose-dependent manner and further inhibited the binding of B. forsythus cells to these extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In addition, adult patients with B. forsythus-associated periodontitis expressed specific antibodies against the BspA protein. We report here the cloning and expression of an immunogenic cell surface-associated protein (BspA) of B. forsythus and speculate that it mediates the binding of bacteria to ECM components and clotting factors (fibronectin and fibrinogen, respectively), which may be important in the colonization of the oral cavity by this bacterium and is also a target for the host immune response.
21
Rath-Deschner, Birgit, Svenja Memmert, Anna Damanaki, Marjan Nokhbehsaim, Sigrun Eick, Joni A. Cirelli, Werner Götz, James Deschner, Andreas Jäger, and Andressa V. B. Nogueira. "CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 modulation by microbial and biomechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues—in vitro and in vivo studies." Clinical Oral Investigations 24, no. 10 (March 2, 2020): 3661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03244-1.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives This study was established to investigate whether the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are produced in periodontal cells and tissues and, if so, whether their levels are regulated by microbial and/or mechanical signals. Materials and methods The chemokine expression and protein levels in gingival biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The chemokines were also analyzed in gingival biopsies from rats subjected to experimental periodontitis and/or orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, chemokine levels were determined in periodontal fibroblasts exposed to the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum and mechanical forces by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Higher CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 levels were found in human and rat gingiva from sites of periodontitis as compared with periodontally healthy sites. In the rat experimental periodontitis model, the bacteria-induced upregulation of these chemokines was significantly counteracted by orthodontic forces. In vitro, F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of all chemokines at 1 day. When the cells were subjected simultaneously to F. nucleatum and mechanical forces, the upregulation of chemokines was significantly inhibited. The transcriptional findings were paralleled at protein level. Conclusions This study provides original evidence in vitro and in vivo that the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL5 are regulated by both microbial and mechanical signals in periodontal cells and tissues. Furthermore, our study revealed that biomechanical forces can counteract the stimulatory actions of F. nucleatum on these chemokines. Clinical relevance Mechanical loading might aggravate periodontal infection by compromising the recruitment of immunoinflammatory cells.
22
Percival, Rimondia S., Philip D. Marsh, Deirdre A. Devine, Minnie Rangarajan, Joseph Aduse-Opoku, Philip Shepherd, and Michael A. Curtis. "Effect of Temperature on Growth, Hemagglutination, and Protease Activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.4.1917-1921.1999.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Bacteria persisting in periodontal pockets are exposed to elevated temperatures during periods of inflammation. Temperature is an environmental factor that can modulate gene expression. Consequently, in the present study we examined the effect of temperature on the expression of virulence determinants by the periodontopathogen,Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis W50 was grown in a complex medium under hemin excess at pH 7.0 and at a constant temperature of either 37, 39, or 41°C; cultures were monitored for protease and hemagglutinin activity. P. gingivalis grew well at all three temperatures. An increase in growth temperature from 37 to 39°C resulted in a 65% reduction in both total arginine- and lysine-specific activities (P < 0.01). A further rise in growth temperature to 41°C led to even greater reductions in arginine-specific (82%; P < 0.001) and lysine-specific (73%; P < 0.01) activities. These reductions were also associated with an altered distribution of individual arginine-specific enzyme isoforms. At 41°C, there was a disproportionate reduction in the level of the heterodimeric RI protease, which also contains adhesin domains. The reduction also correlated with a markedly diminished hemagglutination activity of cells, especially in those grown at 41°C, and a reduced immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody which recognizes gene products involved in hemagglutination. Thus, as the environmental temperature increased, P. gingivalis adopted a less aggressive phenotype, while retaining cell population levels. The coordinate down-regulation of virulence gene expression in response to an environmental cue linked to the intensity of the host inflammatory response is consistent with the clinically observed cyclical nature of disease progression in periodontal diseases.
23
Guevara, Tibisay, Arturo Rodriguez-Banqueri, Miroslaw Ksiazek, Jan Potempa, and F. Xavier Gomis-Rüth. "Structure-based mechanism of cysteine-switch latency and of catalysis by pappalysin-family metallopeptidases." IUCrJ 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519013848.
Анотація:
Tannerella forsythia is an oral dysbiotic periodontopathogen involved in severe human periodontal disease. As part of its virulence factor armamentarium, at the site of colonization it secretes mirolysin, a metallopeptidase of the unicellular pappalysin family, as a zymogen that is proteolytically auto-activated extracellularly at the Ser54–Arg55 bond. Crystal structures of the catalytically impaired promirolysin point mutant E225A at 1.4 and 1.6 Å revealed that latency is exerted by an N-terminal 34-residue pro-segment that shields the front surface of the 274-residue catalytic domain, thus preventing substrate access. The catalytic domain conforms to the metzincin clan of metallopeptidases and contains a double calcium site, which acts as a calcium switch for activity. The pro-segment traverses the active-site cleft in the opposite direction to the substrate, which precludes its cleavage. It is anchored to the mature enzyme through residue Arg21, which intrudes into the specificity pocket in cleft sub-site S1′. Moreover, residue Cys23 within a conserved cysteine–glycine motif blocks the catalytic zinc ion by a cysteine-switch mechanism, first described for mammalian matrix metallopeptidases. In addition, a 1.5 Å structure was obtained for a complex of mature mirolysin and a tetradecapeptide, which filled the cleft from sub-site S1′ to S6′. A citrate molecule in S1 completed a product-complex mimic that unveiled the mechanism of substrate binding and cleavage by mirolysin, the catalytic domain of which was already preformed in the zymogen. These results, including a preference for cleavage before basic residues, are likely to be valid for other unicellular pappalysins derived from archaea, bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and fungi, including archetypal ulilysin from Methanosarcina acetivorans. They may further apply, at least in part, to the multi-domain orthologues of higher organisms.
24
Eskan, Mehmet A., George Hajishengallis, and Denis F. Kinane. "Differential Activation of Human Gingival Epithelial Cells and Monocytes by Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbriae." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 2 (November 21, 2006): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01604-06.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Humans develop periodontitis in response to challenge by microbial dental plaque. Inflammation begins after perturbation of gingival epithelial cells by subgingival bacteria interacting through pattern-recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLR). Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontopathogen that interacts with epithelial cells through its cell surface fimbriae (FimA), leading to colonization and/or invasion. Previous work by our group has established membrane CD14 as an essential coreceptor for TLR2-mediated activation of transfected cell lines by P. gingivalis FimA. We have shown that gingival epithelial cells express TLR2 but not CD14 on their cell surfaces. We thus speculated that P. gingivalis FimA does not readily activate epithelial innate immune responses but rather functions to promote P. gingivalis colonization in the absence of a vigorous FimA-induced response. This hypothesis was verified by the findings that primary human gingival epithelial cells responded poorly to FimA in terms of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha responses, in stark contrast to the marked response to other TLR2 agonists (Pam3Cys, FSL-1) that are not strictly dependent on CD14. On the other hand, CD14-expressing human primary monocytes responded with high levels of the same cytokines to both FimA and the control TLR2 agonists. The gingival epithelial cells failed to respond to FimA even in the presence of exogenously added soluble CD14. These data indicate that the gingival epithelial cell hyporesponsiveness to FimA is attributable to the lack of membrane-expressed but not soluble CD14. In conclusion, P. gingivalis FimA differentially activates human monocytes and epithelial cells, perhaps reflecting different tactics used by P. gingivalis when interacting with different host cell types or a host strategy to limit inflammation.
25
van Essche, Mark, Gitte Loozen, Christof Godts, Nico Boon, Martine Pauwels, Marc Quirynen, and Wim Teughels. "Bacterial Antagonism Against Periodontopathogens." Journal of Periodontology 84, no. 6 (June 2013): 801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2012.120261.
26
Al-Rawi, Natheer, and Farah Al-Marzooq. "The Relation between Periodontopathogenic Bacterial Levels and Resistin in the Saliva of Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2643079.
Анотація:
This study aims to investigate the relation between resistin and periodontopathogenic bacterial levels in the saliva of obese adults compared to healthy control and to examine whether salivary resistin can serve as a biomarker of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. A total of 78 saliva samples were collected from patients attending to the University Dental Hospital, Sharjah, UAE. The patients were divided into three equal groups: obese diabetics, obese nondiabetics, and nonobese nondiabetic control. Salivary resistin was measured using ELISA. The levels of bacterial species associated with periodontitis (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and gingivitis (Fusobacterium spp.) were measured using real-time PCR. Both salivary resistin and periodontopathogenic bacteria including Fusobacterium spp., P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia were detected in significantly higher quantities in the obese patients (diabetics and nondiabetics) than nonobese nondiabetic control. Resistin concentrations were significantly correlated with BMI; however, its level was not correlated with the blood glucose. In this study, high salivary resistin was associated with obesity, which is a major predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes and also a risk factor for oral diseases. The high levels of salivary periodontopathogenic bacteria could upregulate the local release of salivary resistin in obese people.
27
Beltran, Julián F., SM Viafara-Garcia, Alberto P. Labrador, and Johan Basterrechea. "The Role of Periodontopathogens and Oral Microbiome in the Progression of Oral Cancer. A Review." Open Dentistry Journal 15, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602115010367.
Анотація:
Chronic periodontal disease and oral bacteria dysbiosis can lead to the accumulation of genetic mutations that eventually stimulate Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC). The annual incidence of OSCC is increasing significantly, and almost half of the cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Worldwide there are more than 380,000 new cases diagnosed every year, and a topic of extensive research in the last few years is the alteration of oral bacteria, their compositional changes and microbiome. This review aims to establish the relationship between bacterial dysbiosis and OSCC. Several bacteria implicated in periodontal disease, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and some Streptococcus species, promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and alteration in the host defense process; these same bacteria have been present in different stages of OSCC. Our review showed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cell wall membrane of gram negatives bacteria, were significantly increased in patients with OSCC. Additionally, some bacterial diversity, particularly with Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria species, has been identified in pre-cancerous stage samples. This review suggests the importance of an early diagnosis and more comprehensive periodontal therapy for patients by the dental care professional.
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Anis Irmawati, Mohammad Iqbal, Wilson Sukandar, Sherina Fatwa Imanu, Michelle Angelina, Beffano Roziq Herdymunas Firyasasty, and Ala’a Saif Alqhtani. "Potential of pomegranate mouthwash in inhibiting periodontopathogens bacteria development as alternative to halitosis therapy: A review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2466.
Анотація:
Background: Halitosis is unpleasant odors originating from the oral cavity caused by metabolic waste of periodontopathogens bacteria in the form of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). According to Riskesdas 2018, the oral health prevalence in Indonesia reached 57.6%. Doctors recommend using a mouthwash made from chlorhexidine. However, it is less effective because it can cause various side effects. The alternative treatments using herbal ingredients using pomegranate. This literature review aim is to analyze the potential and mechanism of pomegranate mouthwash as an alternative to halitosis therapy against periodontopathogens bacteria. Material and Methods: The literature review was carried out in PUBMED, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect using with the keywords: pomegranate, mouthwash, anti-bacteria, and halitosis. Conclusions: Pomegranate mouthwash has the potential to be an alternative halitosis therapy by inhibiting plaque formation and the growth of periodontopathogens bacteria.
29
Kulik, E. M., K. Lenkeit, S. Chenaux, and J. Meyer. "Antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontopathogenic bacteria." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 61, no. 5 (March 6, 2008): 1087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkn079.
30
Sriram, Gopu, Vaishali Prakash Natu, Intekhab Islam, Xin Fu, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Kai Soo Tan, and Tong Cao. "Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8905365.
Анотація:
Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely,Porphyromonas gingivalisandAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect ofA. actinomycetemcomitanson hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressedTLR-2andTLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib toA. actinomycetemcomitansserotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.
31
Wada, Erika, Chiharu Ito, Mai Shinohara, Satoshi Handa, Miki Maetani, Mayo Yasugi, Masami Miyake, Tatsuji Sakamoto, Ayaka Yazawa, and Shigeki Kamitani. "Prunin Laurate Derived from Natural Substances Shows Antibacterial Activity against the Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis." Foods 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2024): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13121917.
Анотація:
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by infection with periodontopathogenic bacteria. Oral care is essential to prevent and control periodontal disease, which affects oral and systemic health. However, many oral hygiene products currently on the market were developed as disinfectants, and their intense irritation makes their use difficult for young children and older people. This study investigated the antibacterial effects of prunin laurate (Pru-C12) and its analogs on periodontopathogenic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Pru-C12 and its analogs inhibited in vitro bacterial growth at more than 10 μM and biofilm formation at 50 µM. Among its analogs, only Pru-C12 showed no cytotoxicity at 100 µM. Three of the most potent inhibitors also inhibited the formation of biofilms. Furthermore, Pru-C12 inhibited alveolar bone resorption in a mouse experimental periodontitis model by P. gingivalis infection. These findings may be helpful in the development of oral hygiene products for the prevention and control of periodontal disease and related disorders.
32
Munteanu, Ioana R., Ruxandra E. Luca, Marius Mateas, Laura Diana Darawsha, Simina Boia, Eugen-Radu Boia, and Carmen D. Todea. "The Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy in the Bacterial Decontamination of Periodontal Pockets and Its Impact on the Patient." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123026.
Анотація:
Research in the field of periodontal disease continues to focus on disease-associated microorganisms, as the microbial plaque and the host immune responses are considered to be important causative factors, that are highly responsible for the progression of this disease. The purpose of this article is to compare the reduction in the number of specific periodontopathogens in two test groups according to different therapeutic approaches in periodontal disease and to show possible differences. This article is based on a prospective clinical study involving eighteen subjects with forty-four average periodontal pockets assigned to study groups treated by two different methods, SRP and SRP followed by a single PDT application. Efficiency in removing specific bacterial species was evaluated by PCR testing, at baseline and immediately after treatment. The hypothesis that using SRP + aPDT results in an increased decontamination potential was confirmed statistically, when all five specific bacterial pathogens were investigated together. When the pathogens were considered separately, two of the five microorganisms tested were significantly lower in the SRP + PDT group (p < 0.00), and important germ counts reductions were also observed for the other three. There is also a statistically significant relation between the pain at 48 h postoperatively and the type of treatment the patients received, as resulted from the Questionnaire Form. Our results demonstrate that aPDT, as an adjunctive treatment to conservative mechanical cleaning of root surfaces at sites affected by periodontitis, represents an effective tool in terms of reducing specific periodontopathogen germs.
33
Wilson, Michael, Krisanavane Reddi, and Brian Henderson. "Cytokine-inducing components of periodontopathogenic bacteria." Journal of Periodontal Research 31, no. 6 (August 1996): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00508.x.
34
Fletcher, J., K. Reddi, S. Poole, S. Nair, B. Henderson, P. Tabona, and M. Wilson. "Interactions between periodontopathogenic bacteria and cytokines." Journal of Periodontal Research 32, no. 1 (January 1997): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb01406.x.
35
Slazhneva, E. S., E. A. Tikhomirova, and V. G. Atrushkevich. "Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2." Pediatric dentistry and dental profilaxis 20, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-160-167.
Анотація:
Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.
36
Meyer, D. H., K. P. Mintz, and P. M. Fives-Taylor. "Models of Invasion of Enteric and Periodontal Pathogens Into Epithelial Cells: A Comparative Analysis." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 1997): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411970080040301.
Анотація:
Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells is associated with the initiation of infection by many bacteria. To carry out this action, bacteria have developed remarkable processes and mechanisms that co-opt host cell function and stimulate their own uptake and adaptation to the environment of the host cell. Two general types of invasion processes have been observed. In one type, the pathogens (e.g., Salmonella and Yersinia spp.) remain in the vacuole in which they are internalized and replicate within the vacuole. In the other type, the organism (e.g., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Shigella flexneri, and Listeria monocytogenes) is able to escape from the vacuole, replicate in the host cell cytoplasm, and spread to adjacent host cells. The much-studied enteropathogenic bacteria usurp primarily host cell microfilaments for entry. Those organisms which can escape from the vacuole do so by means of hemolytic factors and C type phospholipases. The cell-to-cell spread of these organisms is mediated by microfilaments. The investigation of invasion by periodontopathogens is in its infancy in comparison with that of the enteric pathogens However, studies to date on two invasive periodontopathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis, reveal that these bacteria have developed invasion strategies and mechanisms similar to those of the enteropathogens. Entry of A. actinomycetemcomitans is mediated by microfilaments, whereas entry of P. gingivalis is mediated by both microfilaments and microtubules. A. actinomycetemcomitans, like Shigella and Listeria, can escape from the vacuole and spread to adjacent cells. However, the spread of A. actinomycetemcomitans is linked to host cell microtubules, not microfilaments. The paradigms presented establish that bacteria which cause chronic infections, such as periodontitis, and bacteria which cause acute diseases, such as dysentery, have developed similar invasion strategies.
37
Pfitzner, Anne, Bernd W. Sigusch, Volker Albrecht, and Eike Glockmann. "Killing of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria by Photodynamic Therapy." Journal of Periodontology 75, no. 10 (October 2004): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.10.1343.
38
Musa, Wahidatunur, Nurulhuda Mohd, Zamirah Zainal-Abidin, Mazlina Mohd Said, and Badiah Baharin. "Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Olive Oil Extracts on Periodontopathogenic Oral Bacteria." Archives of Orofacial Sciences 17, Supp. 1 (August 3, 2022): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/aos2022.17s1.oa01.
Анотація:
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants metabolism and can be found in olive oil. They exhibit antimicrobial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, little is known about the antibacterial activity of the compounds towards periodontopathogens. The study aimed to investigate the potential of these compounds as antibacterial agents towards pathogens, specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Phenolic compounds were extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) through liquid-liquid separation using methanol:water (70:30), and hexane. It was then prepared in various concentrations to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the periodontopathogens. The anti-adhesion activity was quantified using crystal violet staining while the effects on the morphology were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MICs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were 31.25 mg/mL, 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively. The MBCs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively suggesting this compound can eradicate these bacteria. There was no bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis. The adhesion of all the bacteria was interrupted by the compounds at the lowest concentration (1.95 mg/mL). SEM findings showed disruption of bacterial cell surfaces such as blebs and disintegration of cells after exposure to this extract. Phenolic compounds of olive oil exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens, with bactericidal effects on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum and bacteriostatic effects on P. gingivalis.
39
Villafuerte, K. R. V., C. J. H. Martinez, A. V. V. Nobre, L. P. Maia, and C. Tirapelli. "What are microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases? A systematic review." Beneficial Microbes 12, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2020.0143.
Анотація:
Probiotics have aroused great interest as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapy, due to the frequent colonisation by periodontopathogens after therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse in the scientific literature, evidence of the microbiological effects of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases (PD). Only randomised controlled trials (RCT), evaluating the microbiological effect of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. The authors conducted a search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify articles published in English until February 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 265 articles potentially relevant to this review, 10 studies were included. The most frequently used probiotic bacteria were those of the genus Lactobacillus spp. and the time of administration of the probiotics was between 14 days to 3 months. Most studies have shown that the adjuvant use of probiotics reduces the total mean counts of gram-negative anaerobic species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and gram-negative coccobacillus (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) of subgingival plaque samples. Probiotics adjuvant to periodontal therapy reduces periodontopathogenic species in a greater proportion, compared only to periodontal therapy. Especially the Lactobacillus reuteri strain, without combination with other strains, offered a greater reduction in pathogenic bacteria associated with greater destruction of periodontal tissues and deep periodontal pockets. Researchers should perform high-quality RCT, evaluating single strains without combinations, in order to observe the microbiological benefits as adjunctive treatment of PD.
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Martu, Maria Alexandra, Sorina Mihaela Solomon, Irina Georgeta Sufaru, Igor Jelihovschi, Silvia Martu, Elena Rezus, Amelia Elena Surdu, Roxana Madalina Onea, Gina Paunita Grecu, and Liliana Foia. "Study on the Prevalence of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria in Serum and Subgingival Bacterial Plaque in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (September 15, 2017): 1946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5798.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to detect bacterial periodontal DNA from subgingival dental plaque and serum in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. The study group included 19 patients with periodontitis and refractory rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were clinically examined and diagnosed and the bacterial DNA was detected in the subgingival bacterial plate and serum by PCR. Severe chronic periodontitis was the most commonly diagnosed (42.2%). The DNA of periodontopathogenic bacteria was detected 100% in subgingival plate samples, and in serum samples it was identified in 84.2% of cases. The most commonly found species in subgingival plate samples were P. intermedia (100%), T. denticola (84.2%) and P. gingivalis (78.9%). In serum samples, the most frequently detected species were P. intermedia (89.4% and 73.6% respectively) and P. gingivalis (57.8% and 42.1%, respectively). A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis did not show statistically significant differences between samples. This finding suggests that it could be an association because the same bacteria species detected in the serum were present in bacterial plaque samples. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis contain levels of oral pathogens in the serum and subgingival plaque that are common to red complex organisms, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia.
41
Ginnatulina, Sofya I. "In-vitro modeling of a biofilm of endoparodontal focus of infection." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 21, no. 1-2 (January 15, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55531/2072-2354.2021.21.1.64-68.
Анотація:
The development of the model of endoparodontal lesion in vitro is necessary due to the lack of the method for creating a biofilm of endodonto- and periodontopathogenic bacteria in vitro with the reconstruction of communication ways between the endodontium and the periodontium. We have proposed the method, the technical result of which is the maximal reconstruction of a multi-species mixed bacterial biofilm in tooth tissues in the environment similar to in vivo conditions, with the possibility of processing root canals and periodontal pockets in vitro. The proposed model is effective for the cultivation of obligate-anaerobic and facultative-anaerobic cultures.
42
Tellapragada, Chaitanya, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Shashidhar Acharya, Parvati Bhat, Asha Kamath, Shashidhar Vishwanath, and Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay. "Prevalence of Clinical Periodontitis and Putative Periodontal Pathogens among South Indian Pregnant Women." International Journal of Microbiology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/420149.
Анотація:
In view of recent understanding of the association of periodontal infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the present investigation was undertaken to study the periodontal infections among 390 asymptomatic pregnant women and to find an association of bacterial etiologies with the disease. Prevalence of gingivitis was 38% and clinical periodontitis was 10% among the study population. Subgingival plaque specimens were subjected to multiplex PCR targeting ten putative periodontopathogenic bacteria. Among the periodontitis group, high detection rates ofPorphyromonas gingivalis(56%),Prevotella nigrescens(44%),Treponema denticola(32%), andPrevotella intermedius(24%) were noted along with significant association with the disease (P<0.05).
43
Nonnenmacher, Claudia, Alexander Dalpke, Stefan Zimmermann, Lavin Flores-de-Jacoby, Reinier Mutters, and Klaus Heeg. "DNA from Periodontopathogenic Bacteria Is Immunostimulatory for Mouse and Human Immune Cells." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 2 (February 2003): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.2.850-856.2003.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Although bacterial DNA (bDNA) containing unmethylated CpG motifs stimulates innate immune cells through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), its precise role in the pathophysiology of diseases is still equivocal. Here we examined the immunostimulatory effects of DNA extracted from periodontopathogenic bacteria. A major role in the etiology of periodontal diseases has been attributed to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Peptostreptococcus micros. We therefore isolated DNA from these bacteria and stimulated murine macrophages and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in vitro. Furthermore, HEK 293 cells transfected with human TLR-9 were also stimulated with these DNA preparations. We observed that DNA from these pathogens stimulates macrophages and gingival fibroblasts to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Methylation of the CpG motifs abolished the observed effects. Activation of HEK 293 cells expressing TLR-9 which were responsive to bDNA but not to lipopolysaccharide confirmed that immunostimulation was achieved by bDNA. In addition, the examined bDNA differed in the ability to stimulate murine macrophages, HGF, and TLR-9-transfected cells. DNA from A. actinomycetemcomitans elicited a potent cytokine response, while DNA from P. gingivalis and P. micros showed lower immunostimulatory activity. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that DNA from A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. micros possesses immunostimulatory properties in regard to cytokine secretion by macrophages and fibroblasts. These stimulatory effects are due to unmethylated CpG motifs within bDNA and differ between distinct periodontopathogenic bacteria strains. Hence, immunostimulation by DNA from A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and P. micros could contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
44
Nibali, Luigi, Nikos Donos, and Brian Henderson. "Periodontal infectogenomics." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 1269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.012021-0.
Анотація:
Multicellular creatures consist of a symbiosis between the host and its colonizing bacteria. The oral cavity may contain as many as 19 000 bacterial phylotypes, while each individual presents a proportion of these microbes. Infectogenomics studies the interaction between host genetic variations and composition of the microbiota. This review introduces the concept of periodontal infectogenomics, defined as the relationship between host genetic factors and the composition of the subgingival microbiota. In particular, the evidence for the effect of genetic variants in neutrophil and cytokine genes and the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria will be discussed. The influence of genetic factors may affect clearance or persistence of pathogenic bacteria subgingivally, therefore increasing the risk for the development of common pathogenic conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis, leading to early tooth loss. Mechanisms of interaction between genetic and microbiological factors and prospects for future studies will be discussed.
45
Wood, Nelson, and Roger B. Johnson. "Recovery of periodontopathogenic bacteria from embalmed human cadavers." Clinical Anatomy 18, no. 1 (2004): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20041.
46
Kręgielczak, Agnieszka, Barbara Dorocka-Bobkowska, Ryszard Słomski, Grzegorz Oszkinis, and Zbigniew Krasiński. "Periodontal status and the incidence of selected bacterial pathogens in periodontal pockets and vascular walls in patients with atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): e0270177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270177.
Анотація:
The aim of the study was to examine the periodontal status of patients with atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms. The occurrence of 5 periodontopathogens was evaluated in periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques together with specimens from pathologically changed vascular walls of aortic aneurysms. The study comprised 39 patients who qualified for vascular surgeries. Patients with periodontitis and concomitant atherosclerosis or aneurysms were enrolled in the study. Periodontal indices were evaluated, and subgingival plaque samples were examined together with atheromatous plaques or specimens from vascular walls to identify, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the following periodontopathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanarella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola. The majority of patients had chronic severe generalized periodontitis in stages III and IV. Laboratory investigations showed the occurrence of one or more of the five targeted periodontopathogens in 94.6% of the periodontal pockets examined. Of the examined periodontopathogens, only Porphyromonas gingivalis was confirmed in 1 atheromatous plaque sample collected from the wall of an aortic aneurysm. Therefore, the occurrence of this bacterium in these vessels was considered to be occasional in patients with chronic periodontitis.
47
Andrian, E., D. Grenier, and M. Rouabhia. "Porphyromonas gingivalis-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Periodontitis." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500502.
Анотація:
Emerging data on the consequences of the interactions between invasive oral bacteria and host cells have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Indeed, modulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier by pathogenic bacteria appears to be a critical step in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have developed different strategies to perturb the structural and functional integrity of the gingival epithelium. P. gingivalis adheres to, invades, and replicates within human epithelial cells. Adhesion of P. gingivalis to host cells is multimodal and involves the interaction of bacterial cell-surface adhesins with receptors expressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells. Internalization of P. gingivalis within host cells is rapid and requires both bacterial contact-dependent components and host-induced signaling pathways. P. gingivalis also subverts host responses to bacterial challenges by inactivating immune cells and molecules and by activating host processes leading to tissue destruction. The adaptive ability of these pathogens that allows them to survive within host cells and degrade periodontal tissue constituents may contribute to the initiation and progression of periodontitis. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the molecular cross-talk between P. gingivalis and gingival epithelial cells in the development of periodontitis.
48
Isola, Gaetano. "Antibiotics and Antimicrobials for Treatment of the Oral Microbiota: Myths and Facts in Research and Clinical Practice." Antibiotics 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020095.
Анотація:
In the dental field, the most common oral diseases include periodontitis, apical periodontitis, abscesses, phlegmons and pulpits, all of which are determined by the same aetiological factor, bacterial infections. For these reasons, it is important to choose the right approach through a target antibiotic therapy against oral bacteria. More specifically, during periodontitis, antibiotics are used, often in association with periodontal debridement, to reduce disease-associated periodontopathogens. However, international guidelines are not unanimous in recommending the use of local and/or systemic antimicrobials to reduce infection by oral bacteria, especially in cases in which there is a danger of spreading systemic infection such as cellulitis, diffuse swelling, and abscesses. The lack of consensus is mainly due to the side effects of antibiotic therapy in dentistry, maybe due to recent scientific evidence regarding the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, the purpose of this editorial is to analyze the therapeutic effects of antibiotics against the main forms of oral and periodontal diseases, and whether there is a significant clinical benefit, especially in the long term, of antimicrobial therapies in dentistry. The most recent evidence regarding antimicrobial agents will also be discussed.
49
Kurata, Hiroshi, Shuji Awano, Akihiro Yoshida, Toshihiro Ansai, and Tadamichi Takehara. "The prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva is linked to periodontal health status and oral malodour." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47706-0.
Анотація:
This study investigated whether an improvement in periodontal health resulted in changes in the prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva and tongue coatings and a reduction in volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs: H2S and CH3SH) linked to oral malodour. The subjects were 35 patients who visited the breath odour clinic of Kyushu Dental College, Japan. Their mean age was 51.2±18.3 years (mean±sd). A clinical examination performed at baseline and 2 months after periodontal treatment assessed VSCs in mouth air using gas chromatography, periodontal probing depth and bleeding on probing (BOP) in all subjects; saliva and tongue coatings were also collected. Genomic DNA was isolated from the samples, and the proportions of five periodontopathogenic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens) were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The subjects were classified into four groups based on the presence of a periodontal pocket of more than 4 mm (PD) and VSCs above the organoleptic threshold level (VSCT) as follows: –PD/–VSCT group, subjects without PD or VSCT; –PD/+VSCT group, those without PD but with VSCT; +PD/–VSCT group, those with PD but without VSCT; and +PD/+VSCT group, those with PD and VSCT. Although the mean PD values in the +PD/–VSCT and +PD/+VSCT groups, BOP in the +PD/+VSCT group, and H2S and CH3SH concentrations in the –PD/+VSCT and +PD/+VSCT groups were greater than in the other groups at baseline, we found no significant difference among the four groups after periodontal treatment. The proportion of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva was higher in the +PD/–VSCT and +PD/+VSCT groups than in the –PD/–VSCT and –PD/+VSCT groups at baseline and after treatment, but the proportions of bacteria in saliva after treatment were reduced compared to the baseline. Furthermore, the differences in the proportions of the five target bacteria in the tongue coating were not as apparent as those in saliva at baseline or after treatment. The prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva may reflect periodontal health status and influence VSC levels in mouth air.
50
Aronova, Ekaterina, Marina Dmitrienko, Anastasija Ivanova, Yulia Gaykova, Anna Kurochkina, Alisa Blinova, Julia Bazarnova, and Elizaveta Paponova. "Express Diagnostics of Proteolytic Activity of Periodontopathogens—Methodological Approach." Dentistry Journal 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10110217.
Анотація:
The species spectrum of the oral microbiome is considered to be the key factor in the development and progression of periodontal inflammatory disorders. The “red complex” including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola has the highest pathogenic potential. These bacteria have several biochemical mechanisms that allow them to colonize and destroy periodontal tissues. Proteolytic enzymes play a crucial role in this process. Early diagnosis of pathological conditions induced by microbial contamination allows for the timely treatment of periodontitis. Otherwise, the development of the disease may lead to tooth loss. A total of 48 patients aged 18 to 65 years old who required professional oral hygiene were recruited for this clinical study. Microbial content analysis of dental plaque from the interdental space and the back of the tongue was performed using real-time PCR. To determine the proteolytic activity of oral bacteria, the new express diagnostic method was applied (diagnostic sensitivity, 0.875; specificity, 0.928). The results demonstrate a strong and significant correlation between the new method and the PCR analysis (r = 0.785, p < 0.001). These results show that the new express method can be valuable as an early diagnostic method for periodontal inflammatory disorders caused by the “red complex” bacteria.