Статті в журналах: "Periodontal ligament"

1

Saito, A., E. Saito, M. Kawanami, and A. Shimada. "Healing in Transplanted Teeth with Periodontal Ligament Cultured In Vitro." Cell Transplantation 12, no. 5 (July 2003): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000003108747082.

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Regeneration of connective tissue attachment is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy. It has been suggested that periodontal ligament cells possess the potential to create new connective tissue attachment. However, as cells from gingiva and alveolar bone occupy the root surface during initial wound healing, population by periodontal ligament cells is limited in vivo. We have been developing a new periodontal regeneration technique using in vitro tissue culture of periodontal ligament remaining on a periodontally involved root. The purpose of this study was to examine the periodontal healing after transplantation of teeth with reduced periodontal ligament that had been cultured in vitro. Twenty-five incisors from four beagles were used. After the teeth were extracted, the periodontal ligament and cementum were removed from coronal part of the roots and the roots were planed. The periodontal ligament of the apical part was retained. Fourteen teeth of the experimental group were transplanted following culture for 6 weeks. Eleven teeth of the control group were similarly prepared and immediately transplanted without tissue culture. Four weeks after transplantation, the specimens were prepared for histological analysis. Downgrowth of junctional epithelium on the root of experimental group was significantly less than control. Most of the root planed surfaces of experimental group were covered with periodontal ligament fibers oriented parallel or inclined to the root surfaces and limited new cementum formation was observed near the apical end of the planed root. There was no significant difference between groups in observations on the root surface with remaining periodontal ligament. From the above results, it was concluded that periodontal tissue culture of teeth with root planed surface and remaining periodontal ligament could reduce the extent of epithelium downgrowth and increase connective tissue adhesion on the root planed surface, as well as minimize damage to remaining periodontal ligament, after transplantation of teeth.

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2

Bahirrah, Siti, Lidya Irani Nainggolan, and Philiph Pasaribu. "Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Movement in Terms of Periodontal Ligament Space in Guinea Pigs." Dentika Dental Journal 22, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v22i2.1677.

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Periodontal ligaments are one of the supporting tissues of teeth that undergo remodeling during the tooth movement process. Vitamin C deficiency inhibits the regeneration of collagen fibers, which are important in tissue remodeling that affects the widening of the periodontal ligament space during the process of tooth movement. The widening of periodontal ligament space can be seen by taking radiographic photos. The purpose of this study was to determine the width of the periodontal ligament space of guinea pigs by administering vitamin C, without vitamin C, and the differences between the two groups. Those samples were grouped into four groups with observation times of 1, 4, 7, and 10 days, and each group consisted of the control group and vitamin C group. Those samples were paired with orthodontic separator rubber. After the specified time was completed, periapical radiographs were taken, and the width of the periodontal ligament space was measured by using Image J software. The mean width of the periodontal ligament space in the vitamin C group was smaller than the control group. Based on this study, it can be concluded that vitamin C has an effect on reducing periodontal ligament space in the process of tooth movement. Key words: periodontal ligament space, vitamin C, tooth movement, remodeling

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3

Sena, K., Y. Morotome, O. Baba, T. Terashima, Y. Takano, and I. Ishikawa. "Gene Expression of Growth Differentiation Factors in the Developing Periodontium of Rat Molars." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 3 (March 2003): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200304.

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Growth and differentiation factors (GDF) 5, 6, and 7 are known to play roles in tendon and ligament formation, and are therefore probably involved in the formation of periodontal ligament. In this study, we sought to determine temporal and spatial expression of GDF-5, -6, and -7 mRNA in developing periodontal tissue of rat molars using in situ hybridization. GDF gene expression in the periodontal ligament was first detected in cells associated with the initial process of periodontal ligament fiber bundle formation. Gene signals were also detected in cells located along the alveolar bone and cementum surfaces, the insertion sites of periodontal ligaments, during the course of root formation. GDF expression in these cells were down-regulated after completion of root formation. Our results appeared to suggest the involvement of GDF-5, -6, and -7 in the formation of the dental attachment apparatus.

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4

Gopinathan, Gokul, Xianghong Luan, and Thomas G. H. Diekwisch. "Epigenetic Repression of RUNX2 and OSX Promoters Controls the Nonmineralized State of the Periodontal Ligament." Genes 14, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010201.

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The nonmineralized state of the mammalian periodontal ligament is one of the hallmarks of vertebrate evolution as it provides resilient and nontraumatic tooth anchorage for effective predation. Here we sought to determine how the chromatin state of key mineralization gene promoters contributes to the nonmineralized periodontal ligament in the midst of fully mineralized alveolar bone and cementum anchor tissues. In developing mouse periodontal tissues, RUNX2 was localized to alveolar bone–lining cells, while OSX was localized throughout the periodontal ligament’s soft tissue. Matching RT-PCR amplification data and western blot comparisons demonstrated that the expression of RUNX2 and OSX bone mineralization transcription factors was at least 2.5-fold elevated in alveolar bone osteoblasts versus periodontal ligament fibroblasts. ChIP enrichment data along the RUNX2 and OSX promoters revealed increased H3K4me3 marks in alveolar bone osteoblasts, while H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks were elevated in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. In support of an epigenetic mechanism responsible for the inhibition of mineralization gene expression in periodontal progenitors, histone methylation inhibitors DZNep and Chaetocin reactivated RUNX2 and OSX expression in periodontal progenitors and increased alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red, while the in vivo application of DZNep in rat maxillae resulted in aberrant mineralization in the periodontal ligament and a narrowing of the nonmineralized periodontal space. Together, these studies demonstrate that the nonmineralized state of the mammalian periodontal ligament is controlled by an epigenetic regulation of the RUNX2 and OSX key mineralization gene promoters.

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5

Brahmanta, Arya, Sutjipto Sutjipto, and Ida Bagus Narmada. "Histological changes during orthodontic tooth movement due to hyperbaric oxygen therapy." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 49, no. 2 (February 14, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i2.p63-66.

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Background: Mechanical force of orthodontics causes changes in periodontal ligament vascularization and blood flow, resulting in biochemical and cellular changes as well as changes in the contour of the alveolar bone and in the thickness of the periodontal ligaments. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is one of many solutions stimulating the growth of new blood vessels and increasing tissue oxygenation. Thus, HBO plays a role in recovery of periodontal ligament and osteoblasts. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of HBO therapy for seven days on periodontal ligament size and osteoblast number in the tension site during bone remodeling in tooth movement. Method: The study was true experimental laboratories with completely randomized control group post test only design. Twenty-four males guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups. K0 was the control group without any treatment, K1 was the group given a mechanical orthodontic pressure, and K2 was the group treated with the addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The maxillary incisors were moved distally by elastic separator. After HBO therapy on day 7, all of the groups were sacrificed, and then periodontal ligament size and osteoblast number were analyzed by one-way Anova and LSD statistical tests. Result: The results showed significant differences in the size of the periodontal ligament and the number of osteoblasts in the tension site among the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: HBO therapy at 2.4 ATA for 7 days is effective in recovery of periodontal ligament and increased osteoblast number during bone remodeling in tension area of orthodontic tooth movement.

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6

Anneroth, G., K. H. Danielsson, H. Evers, K. G. Hedström, and Å. Nordenram. "Periodontal ligament injection." International Journal of Oral Surgery 14, no. 6 (December 1985): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9785(85)80061-2.

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7

Aditya, Vangara, and Kharidhi Laxman Vandana. "Management of endo-perio lesion with autologous stem cell therapy." Saudi Journal of Oral Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2024): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjoralsci.sjoralsci_79_23.

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The objective of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of tooth-supporting tissues. Various treatment modalities, such as the use of bone grafting materials, guided tissue regeneration, and delivery of enamel matrix derivatives or growth factors, are applied with large variability in regenerative outcomes. However, a case report was done by utilization of autologous dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cell niches in the treatment of bone loss associated with endodontically and periodontally involved teeth. An autologous periodontal ligament stem cells niche adherent to the root and dental pulpal stem cells from dental pulp directly into the selected osseous defect following extraction of the impacted tooth in the same patient. The results of this case reported that the dental pulpal stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells niche with gelatin sponge resulted in a significant amount of bone fill and reduction in probing pocket depth.

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8

Bosiakov, Sergei, and Gennadi Mikhasev. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATIONAL DISPLACEMENTS OF TOOTH ROOT." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 20, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 490–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13926292.2015.1068877.

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Analytical modeling of stress-strain state of a periodontal ligament in the case of the translational displacement of a tooth root was carried out. The tooth root was assumed as a rigid body. The boundary conditions corresponding to the translational displacement of the root and fixed external surface of the periodontal ligament in the dental alveolus were considered. The system of differential equations describing the periodontal ligament’s plane-strain state induced by the translational motion of the tooth were used as the governing equations. An analytical solution was found for the governing equations in the explicit form. Comparative analysis of the concentrated force generated by the prescribed translational motion of the tooth root was performed using the obtained analytical solution and the model of an incompressible periodontal ligament in the form of a circular paraboloid and hyperboloid. The mathematical model developed in this paper can be used to analyze stresses and strains in the periodontal tissue during orthodontic movement.

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9

Pinheiro, Gabriela Veloso Vieira da Silva, Robinson Sabino-Silva, Melissa Rodrigues de Araujo, Shaiene Patrícia Gomes, Stephanie Wutke Oliveira, Emília Maria Gomes Aguiar, Léia Cardoso-Sousa, Carla Castiglia Gonzaga, and Marcela Claudino. "Experimental Acute Sepsis Reduced Number of Osteocalcin Immunolabeled Cells in Periodontal Ligament." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 2 (April 2020): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003024.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute sepsis in the periodontal ligament, alveolar and furcation bone in absence of periodontitis induction through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. A septic rat model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Twelve rats were randomly divided into CLP (n=6) and Sham (n=6) groups. The animals were euthanized at 24 h and hemimandibles were submitted to histomorfometric (bone matrix, collagenous fibers, fibroblasts, osteocytes, inflammatory cells, and blood vessels) and immunohistochemical (BMP-2/4, RANKL and osteocalcin) evaluation in alveolar bone, furcation bone and periodontal ligament. Our results demonstrated that histomorphometric parameters were similar in alveolar bone, furcation bone and periodontal ligament of Sham and CLP rats. Regarding to immunohistochemical analyses, the number of BMP-2/4 and RANKL immunolabeled cells was also similar in both groups. Furthermore, it was detected a reduction in the osteocalcin immunolabeled cells in periodontal ligaments of CLP compared to Sham rats (p=0.0014). In conclusion, the acute sepsis induction resulted in reduced number of osteocalcin labelled cells in periodontal ligament region. Moreover, no significant histological differences were observed in the periodontium of rats under acute sepsis. Considering the role of osteocalcin in bone remodeling, the study contributes to revealing the importance of careful periodontal evaluation in the presence of sepsis.

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10

Ashrafi, Mehran, Farzan Ghalichi, Behnam Mirzakouchaki, and Iman Zoljanahi Oskui. "Numerical simulation of hydro-mechanical coupling of periodontal ligament." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919887071.

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Orthodontic tooth movement in the alveolar bone is due to the mechanical response of periodontal ligament to applied forces. Definition of a proper constitutive model of the periodontal ligament to investigate its response to orthodontic loading is required. For this purpose, a three-dimensional finite element model of incisor tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone was built utilizing the hydro-mechanical coupling theory. Tooth displacement in response to orthodontic loading was then investigated, and the effect of different mechanical behaviors assigned to the solid phase of the periodontal ligament was compared. Results showed that where the periodontal ligament was placed in tension, pore volume was filled with fluid intake from the bone, but fluid flow direction was from the periodontal ligament toward the bone where the periodontal ligament was placed in compression. Because of the existence of interaction between solid and fluid phases of the periodontal ligament, considering biphasic material formulation was capable to address its microscopic behavior as well as time-dependent and large deformation behaviors. This article provides beneficial biomechanical data for future dental studies in determination of optimal orthodontic force.

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11

Kramer, P. R., S. Nares, S. F. Kramer, D. Grogan, and M. Kaiser. "Mesenchymal Stem Cells Acquire Characteristics of Cells in the Periodontal Ligament in vitro." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 1 (January 2004): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300106.

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Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into multiple types of cells derived from mesenchyme. Periodontal ligament cells are primarily derived from mesenchyme; thus, we expected mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into periodontal ligament. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on co-cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and periodontal ligament, we observed a significant increase in mesenchymal stem cells’ expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin and a significant decrease in expression of bone sialoprotein, characteristics of periodontal ligament in vivo. Increased osteopontin and osteocalcin and decreased bone sialoprotein expression was detected within 7 days and maintained through 21 days of co-culture. We conclude that contact or factors from periodontal ligament induced mesenchymal stem cells to obtain periodontal-ligament-like characteristics. Importantly, analysis of the data suggests the feasibility of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells in clinical applications for repairing and/or regenerating periodontal tissue.

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Gomes Viana, Mariana Vitória, Júlia Santos Cerqueira, and Regina Lucia Seixas Pinto. "APLICAÇÃO DIAGNÓSTICA DE IMAGENS TRIDIMENSIONAIS (3D) NA DOENÇA PERIODONTAL DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES (3D) IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia 50, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 57–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/revfo.v50i1.37117.

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A doença periodontal é uma doença altamente prevalente na populaçãomundial e se caracteriza pela destruição progressiva do ligamento periodontale reabsorção da crista óssea alveolar interdental e interradicular. Temcomo fatores etiológicos as bactérias do biofilme que associadas aos fatoresgenéticos e ambientais geram uma resposta inflamatória liberam enzimasproteolíticas e danificam o tecido de suporte dental. A avaliação da perdada inserção periodontal por exame clínico é limitada pelos instrumentosde sondagem e condições anatômicas, portanto, imagens radiográficas sãoinevitáveis para determinar a extensão e a gravidade das lesões, pois a representaçãoespacial do osso alveolar tem um valr altamente significativona Periodontia, uma vez que as decisões terapêuticas e as estimativas a longoprazo do prognóstico se fundamentam nele. O exame de imagem maiscomumente utilizado é através de radiografias convencionais, no entantofornece apenas uma visão bidimensional das estruturas tridimensionais,perdendo assim o valor diagnóstico essencial. A imagem tridimensional ou3D, tem se revelado como uma ferramenta clínica, pelo valor altamente informativo.O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em realizar uma revisãode literatura sobre a aplicação diagnóstica da tomografia computadorizadade feixe cônico em lesões periodontais. Periodontal disease is characterized by the progressive destruction of theperiodontal ligament and alveolar bone Crest resorption interdentallyand interradicular, its etiological factors that biofilm bacteria associatedwith genetic and environmental factors generate an inflammatory responsethat release proteolytic enzymes and damage the fabric of dental support. The evaluation of periodontal insertion loss by clinical examinationis limited by probing instruments and anatomical conditions, therefore,x-rays are inevitable to determine the extent and severity of injuries,because the space representation of the alveolar bone has a significantrole in Periodontics, since therapeutic decisions and long-term estimatesof prognosis are based on it. The most commonly used imaging methodis through conventional x-rays, however, provides only a two-dimensionalview of the three-dimensional structures, thereby losing the essentialdiagnostic value. 3D image has proved as a clinical tool for highly informativevalue. The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of the literatureabout the intended use of cone beam computed tomography inperiodontal lesions.

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13

Lee, J.-H., B. A. Pryce, R. Schweitzer, M. I. Ryder, and S. P. Ho. "Differentiating zones at periodontal ligament-bone and periodontal ligament-cementum entheses." Journal of Periodontal Research 50, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 870–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12281.

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14

Wang, Penglai, Wen Wang, Tengyu Geng, Yi Liu, Shaoyue Zhu, Zongxiang Liu, and Changyong Yuan. "EphrinB2 regulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone defect regeneration in beagles." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141989436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419894361.

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EphrinB2, a membrane protein regulating bone homeostasis, has been demonstrated to induce osteogenic gene expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ephrinB2 on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and on alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. We assessed the osteogenic gene expression and osteogenic differentiation potential of ephrinB2-modified human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells, in which ephrinB2 expression was upregulated via lentiviral vector transduction. EphrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells combined with PuraMatrix were delivered to critical-sized alveolar bone defects in beagles to evaluate bone regeneration. Results showed that ephrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic gene transcription and mineral deposition in both human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells. Animal experiments confirmed that ephrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells + PuraMatrix resulted in greater trabecular bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness compared with other groups. Our study demonstrated that ephrinB2 promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone repair in beagles, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of alveolar bone damage.

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Saiyed Urvi Rangrej, Wajid. "Periodontal Ligament: As a Bite Force Distributor." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23609084303.

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Seo, B. M., M. Miura, W. Sonoyama, C. Coppe, R. Stanyon, and S. Shi. "Recovery of Stem Cells from Cryopreserved Periodontal Ligament." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 10 (October 2005): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401007.

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Human post-natal stem cells possess a great potential to be utilized in stem-cell-mediated clinical therapies and tissue engineering. It is not known whether cryopreserved human tissues contain functional post-natal stem cells. In this study, we utilized human periodontal ligament to test the hypothesis that cryopreserved human periodontal ligament contains retrievable post-natal stem cells. These cryopreserved periodontal ligament stem cells maintained normal periodontal ligament stem cell characteristics, including expression of the mesenchymal stem cell surface molecule STRO-1, single-colony-strain generation, multipotential differentiation, cementum/periodontal-ligament-like tissue regeneration, and a normal diploid karyotype. Collectively, this study provides valuable evidence demonstrating a practical approach to the preservation of solid-frozen human tissues for subsequent post-natal stem cell isolation and tissue regeneration. The present study demonstrates that human post-natal stem cells can be recovered from cryopreserved human periodontal ligament, thereby providing a practical clinical approach for the utilization of frozen tissues for stem cell isolation.

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17

Song, In Seok, Yoon Sic Han, Joo-Hee Lee, Soyoun Um, Hui Young Kim, and Byoung Moo Seo. "Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration." Current Oral Health Reports 2, no. 4 (August 27, 2015): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40496-015-0060-0.

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18

Cho, Moon-Il. "Periodontal Ligament and Cementum." Advances in Dental Research 9, no. 3_suppl (November 1995): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895937495009003s0801.

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19

Garna, Devy, Manmeet Kaur, Francis J. Hughes, and Mandeep Ghuman. "Comparison of the Expression of Periodontal Markers in Dental and Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010196.

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Background: Periodontal ligament stem cells are a source of mesenchymal stem cells, but it is unclear whether their phenotype is distinct from mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues, such as those derived from bone marrow. Objective: To investigate the expression of the putative PDL markers asporin, periostin, nestin and cementum protein 1, by periodontal ligament stem cells both constitutively and during osteogenic differentiation when compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and dental pulp stem cells. Methods: The primary human periodontal ligament, bone marrow, and dental pulp stem cells, and osteoblasts from different donors were cultured in vitro. The expression of periodontal marker associated genes during osteogenic induction was tested by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Asporin expression was detected in periodontal ligament stem cells and increased markedly during the time in culture (upregulated x53 fold at 21 days post-induction). During osteogenic differentiation, asporin expression significantly decreased in periodontal ligament cells whereas periostin significantly decreased in dental pulp cells. Periostin expression was absent in osteoblasts, but expression gradually increased in all other cells with time in culture. Nestin expression was mainly seen in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp cells and was largely absent in osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Cementum protein-1 was most highly expressed in bone marrow cells and osteoblasts following osteogenic induction. Conclusions: The results provide further evidence that periodontal ligament-derived and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells are phenotypically distinct. Periodontal markers are also expressed in dental pulp stem cells.

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Ardan, Rachman, Ine Suhartina, Rasmi Rikmasari, Gantini Subrata, Erna Kurnikasari, and Deddy Firman. "Ligamen periodontal sebagai pendukung gaya kunyah Periodontal ligament acts to support mastication force." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v10i1.254.

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Support for removable partial denture (RPD) can be obtained from bone supported mucosa and or from periodontalligament of tooth. Support can also be obtained from implant. Tooth support (periodontal ligament) is better thanmucosal support because histologically, anatomically, and also physiologically, in addition, periodontal ligamentacts to resist mastication force

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Kim, Eun-Nam, Woguti Yvonne Nabende, Hyeyoon Jeong, Dongyup Hahn, and Gil-Saeng Jeong. "The Marine-Derived Natural Product Epiloliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri Regulates NLRP3 via PKA/CREB, Promoting Proliferation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070388.

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Currently, periodontitis treatment relies on surgical operations, anti-inflammatory agents, or antibiotics. However, these treatments cause pain and side effects, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the impact of the compound epiloliolide isolated from Sargassum horneri on the recovery of inflammatory inhibitors and loss of periodontal ligaments, which are essential treatment strategies for periodontitis. Here, human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with PG-LPS were treated with the compound epiloliolide, isolated from S. horneri. In the results of this study, epiloliolide proved the anti-inflammatory effect, cell proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells into osteoblasts, through the regulation of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Epiloliolide effectively increased the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells without cytotoxicity and suppressed the protein expression of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, by downregulating NLRP3 activated by PG-LPS. Epiloliolide also upregulated the phosphorylation of PKA/CREB proteins, which play an important role in cell growth and proliferation. It was confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effect in PG-LPS-stimulated large cells was due to the regulation of PKA/CREB signaling. We suggest that epiloliolide could serve as a potential novel therapeutic agent for periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and restoring the loss of periodontal tissue.

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Huang, Denghao, Jie Lei, Xingrui Li, Zhonghao Jiang, Maoxuan Luo, and Yao Xiao. "Erythropoietin Activates Autophagy to Regulate Apoptosis and Angiogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via the Akt/ERK1/2/BAD Signaling Pathway under Inflammatory Microenvironment." Stem Cells International 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9806887.

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Background. Angiogenic tissue engineering is a vital problem waiting to be settled for periodontal regeneration. Erythropoietin, a multieffect cytokine, has been reported as a protective factor for cell fate. According to our previous study, erythropoietin has a significantly angiogenic effect on periodontal ligament stem cells. To further explore its potential effects and mechanism, we studied biological behaviors of periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment induced by different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL) of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and examined how different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 IU/mL) of erythropoietin changed biological behaviors of periodontal ligament stem cells. Materials and Methods. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used for cell proliferation assay. Annexin V-PI-FITC was used for cell apoptosis through flow cytometry. Matrigel plug was adopted to measure the angiogenic capacity in vitro. RNA sequencing was used to detect the downstream signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine mRNA expression level. Western blot and immunofluorescence were applied to testify the protein expression level. Results. Periodontal ligament stem cells upregulated apoptosis and suppressed autophagy and angiogenesis under inflammatory microenvironment. Erythropoietin could activate autophagy to rescue apoptosis and angiogenesis levels of periodontal ligament stem cells through the Akt/Erk1/2/BAD signaling pathway under inflammatory microenvironment. Conclusions. Erythropoietin could protect periodontal ligament stem cells from inflammatory microenvironment, which provided a novel theory for periodontal regeneration.

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Komala, Devi, Muhammad Nurul Amin, and Yani Corvianindya Rahayu. "Uji Sitotoksisitas Hidroksiapatit Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras (Gallus gallus) terhadap Sel Fibroblas Ligamen Periodontal Manusia." STOMATOGNATIC - Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v19i1.30702.

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Periodontitis is an inflammation disease of the periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth, include periodontal ligament fibroblast cell. The recently researches developed tissue engineering concept to accelerate regeneration and proliferation periodontal ligament cells. One of the major components of tissue engineering is scaffold. The hydroxyapatite is biomaterial that can be used as scaffold. The egg shell has the potential biowaste to be a source of hydroxyapatite biomaterial. Before being applied as a scaffold in the medical field, cytotoxicity testing needs to be done. This study aimed to examine toxicity effect of egg shell hydroxyapatite in various concentration toward human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. This study used human periodontal ligament fibroblast primary cells (5x103) in microplate 96 wells which divided into 7 groups, control cells, control media without cells and the treatment groups with concentration egg shell hydroxyapatite100 μg/ml, 75 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml dan 25 μg/ml and incubated for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity test was conducted using MTT assay. Optical density values describe the viability of living cells and the readings were done using ELISA readers, subsequently the data were analyzed using One way ANOVA. The number of human periodontal ligament cells at all concentration showed that the percentage of cell life is more than 90%. Egg shell hydroxyapatite at all concentrations tested is not toxic toward human periodontal ligament fibroblas cells.

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Yoshizawa, Tatsuya, Fumio Takizawa, Futabako Iizawa, Osamu Ishibashi, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Akio Matsuda, Naoto Endo, and Hiroyuki Kawashima. "Homeobox Protein Msx2 Acts as a Molecular Defense Mechanism for Preventing Ossification in Ligament Fibroblasts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 8 (April 15, 2004): 3460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.8.3460-3472.2004.

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ABSTRACT Ligaments and tendons are comprised of tough yet flexible connective tissue. Little is known, however, about the precise characteristics of the cells in ligaments and tendons due to the absence of specific markers and cell lines. We recently reported a periodontal ligament cell line, PDL-L2, with suppressed Runx2/Osf2 transcriptional activity and an inability to form mineralized nodules. The present study demonstrates that the homeobox protein Msx2 is a key factor in suppressing those two functions. Msx2 colocalizes with Runx2/Osf2 and suppresses its activity cooperatively, acting with another corepressor, TLE1, as a complex to recruit histone deacetylase 1 activity. Reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization demonstrated that Msx2 expression is higher in periodontal ligament and tendon cells than in osteoblasts. Stable reduction of Msx2 expression in PDL-L2 cells induces osteoblastic differentiation, thereby causing matrix mineralization. Conversely, stable, forced Msx2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells prevented osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Msx2-induced suppression of osteoblast differentiation was repressed by bone morphogenetic protein 2. In addition, Msx2 was downregulated in a symptom- and calcification-dependent manner at the affected region in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Our findings indicate that Msx2 plays a central role in preventing ligaments and tendons from mineralizing.

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Sehar, Dr Kousain. "Periodontal Ligament: Role of Fibroblast in Periodontal Healing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 1494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.6244.

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26

Asakawa, Takeyoshi, Atsushi Yamada, Masumi Kugino, Tomokazu Hasegawa, Kentaro Yoshimura, Kiyohito Sasa, Mitsuhiro Kinoshita, et al. "Establishment of Down’s syndrome periodontal ligament cells by transfection with SV40T-Ag and hTERT." Human Cell 35, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13577-021-00621-0.

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AbstractDown’s syndrome is one of the most common human congenital genetic diseases and affected patients have increased risk of periodontal disease. To examine involvement of the disease with periodontal disease development, we established immortalized periodontal ligament cells obtained from a Down’s syndrome patient by use of SV40T-Ag and hTERT gene transfection. Expressions of SV40T-Ag and hTERT were observed in periodontal ligament cell-derived immortalized cells established from healthy (STPDL) and Down’s syndrome patient (STPDLDS) samples. Primary cultured periodontal ligament cells obtained from a healthy subject (pPDL) had a limited number of population doublings (< 40), while STPDL and STPDLDS cells continued to grow with more than 80 population doublings. Primary cultured periodontal ligament cells obtained from the patient showed a chromosome pattern characteristic of Down’s syndrome with trisomy 21, whereas STPDLDS samples showed a large number of abnormal chromosomes in those results. Gene expression analysis revealed that expression of DSCR-1 in STPDLDS is greater than that in STPDL. These results suggest that the newly established STPDLDS cell line may be a useful tool for study of periodontal disease in Down’s syndrome patients.

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Hatakeyama, J., D. Philp, Y. Hatakeyama, N. Haruyama, L. Shum, M. A. Aragon, Z. Yuan, et al. "Amelogenin-mediated Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis, and Periodontal Cell Proliferation and Migration." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 2 (February 2006): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500206.

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We previously reported that amelogenin isoforms M180 and leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) are expressed in the periodontal region, and that their absence is associated with increased cementum defects in amelogenin-knockout (KO) mice. The aim of the present study was to characterize the functions of these isoforms in osteoclastogenesis and in the proliferation and migration of cementoblast/periodontal ligament cells. The co-cultures of wild-type (WT) osteoclast progenitor and KO cementoblast/periodontal ligament cells displayed more tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells than the co-cultures of WT cells. The addition of LRAP to both co-cultures significantly reduced RANKL expression and the TRAP-positive cells. Proliferation and migration rates of the KO cementoblast/periodontal ligament cells were lower than those of WT cells and increased with the addition of either LRAP or P172 (a porcine homolog of mouse M180). Thus, we demonstrate the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by LRAP, and the proliferation and migration of cementoblast/periodontal ligament cells by LRAP and P172.

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Soares, Carlos José, Eliane Cristina Gava Pizi, Rodrigo Borges Fonseca, and Luis Roberto Marcondes Martins. "Influence of root embedment material and periodontal ligament simulation on fracture resistance tests." Brazilian Oral Research 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000100003.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the embedment material and periodontal ligament simulation on fracture resistance of bovine teeth. Eighty bovine incisor teeth were randomized into 8 groups (n = 10), embedded in acrylic or polystyrene resin using 4 types of periodontal ligament simulation: 1 - absence of the ligament; 2 - polyether impression material; 3 - polysulfide impression material; 4 - polyurethane elastomeric material. The specimens were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 24 hours. Specimens were submitted to tangential load on the palatal surface at 0.5 mm/minute crosshead speed until fracture. The fracture modes were analyzed as follows: 1 - coronal fracture; 2 - cemento-enamel junction fracture; 3 - partial root fracture; 4 - total root fracture. Statistical analyses by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied (p < 0.05). The results showed that root embedment method and periodontal ligament simulation have a significant effect on fracture resistance. Artificial periodontal ligament modified the fracture modes.

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Nascimento, Marvin do, Bruno Martins de Souza, and Aline Tany Posch. "peri-implant ligament." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 22 (January 26, 2023): e231269. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8671269.

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The peri-implant ligament is formed from the interface of bone tissue, through the anchoring of proteins and the surface of the dental implant. In this sense, it is relevant to understand the extent to which this ligament is structured and biomimics the periodontal ligament functions. Aim: The goal of this scoping review is to present and analyze the peri-implant ligament composition and compare the extent to which this ligament is structured and biomimics the periodontal ligament functions. Methods: This scoping review was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review. Two independent researchers searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations from the University of São Paulo and Portal Capes. Studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, over the last 21 years (2000-2021). Results: A total of 330 titles were identified and after applying inclusion and exclusion factors, 27 studies were included in this review. All proteins were identified regarding their tissue function and classified into 6 major protein groups. After that this new protein ligament was compared with the periodontal ligament regarding its function and composition. The main proteins associated with osseointegration, and thus, with the peri-implant ligament are recognized as belonging to the periodontal ligament. Conclusion: This scoping review results suggest evidence of the composition and function of the periimplant ligament. However, variations may still exist due to the existence of several modulants of the osseointegration process.

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Zhao, Yang, Yujia Gong, Xianbo Liu, Jia He, Bowen Zheng, and Yi Liu. "The Experimental Study of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Derived Exosomes with Hydrogel Accelerating Bone Regeneration on Alveolar Bone Defect." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102189.

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Introduction: this study was conducted to investigate the osteogenic ability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) derived exosomes (PDLSCs-Exos) and the effect of PDLSCs-Exos with hydrogel on alveolar bone defect repairment in the rat. Methods: the PDLSCs were obtained through primary cell culture, and PDLSCs-Exos were purified by the ultracentrifugation method. The CCK-8 kit and ALP staining were used to explore the effect of PDLSCs-Exos on promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo, the alveolar bone defect models were made mesial to the bilateral maxillary first molars of rats. MicroCT, HE staining, and Masson staining were used to analyze the new bone at the bone defect of rats. Results: the periodontal ligament stem cells and the periodontal ligament stem cells derived exosomes were successfully extracted. The results of the CCK-8 kit and ALP staining showed PDLSCs-Exos significantly promoted the proliferation osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo experiment results revealed that compared with the control group and the hydrogel group, the rats in the hydrogel with exosomes group showed more new bone formation in alveolar bone defects. Conclusion: Periodontal ligament stem cells and exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells were successfully extracted. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel successfully delivered periodontal ligament stem cells derived exosomes for repairing alveolar bone defects in rats in vivo at the initial stage.

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Hasegawa, Tomoka, Yukina Miyamoto-Takasaki, Miki Abe, Zixuan Qiu, Tomomaya Yamamoto, Yimin, Taiji Yoshida, et al. "Histochemical examination on principal collagen fibers in periodontal ligaments of ascorbic acid-deficient ODS-od/od rats." Microscopy 68, no. 5 (July 3, 2019): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfz021.

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Abstract In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of ascorbic acid in collagen synthesis in periodontal ligaments using osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS)/ShiJcl-od/od rats lacking L-gulonolactone oxidase. These rats cannot synthesize ascorbic acid in vivo. Eight-week-old ODS/ShiJcl-od/od male rats were administered ascorbic acid solution at a concentration of 200 mg/dL (control group, n = 6) or ascorbic acid solution at concentration of 0.3 mg/dL (insufficient group, n = 12). Six rats of the insufficient group were then given with ascorbic acid solution at concentration of 200 mg/dL for additional 3 weeks (rescued group, n = 6), and then, their mandibles were histochemically examined. Consequently, the insufficient group specimens were seen to possess fewer collagen fibers, and silver impregnation revealed numerous fine, reticular fiber-like fibrils branching off from collagen in the periodontal ligaments. In control group, faint immunoreactivities for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and cathepsin H were seen in the periphery of blood vessels and throughout the ligament, respectively. In contrast, in the insufficient group, intense MMP2-immunoreactivity was observed to be associated with collagen fibrils in the periodontal ligaments, and cathepsin H-immunopositivity was seen in ligamentous cells. The rescued group showed abundant collagen fibers filling the periodontal ligament space. Under transmission electron microscopy, ligamentous fibroblasts incorporated collagen fibrils into tubular endosomes/lysosomes while simultaneously synthesizing collagen fibril bundles. Thus, ascorbic acid insufficiency affected the immunolocalization of cathepsin H and MMP2; however, ligamentous fibroblasts appear to possess the potential to synthesize collagen fibers when supplied with ascorbic acid.

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Mustafa, Manal, Ahmed Zarrough, Anne Isine Bolstad, Henning Lygre, Kamal Mustafa, Hatice Hasturk, Charles Serhan, Alpdogan Kantarci, and Thomas E. Van Dyke. "Resolvin D1 protects periodontal ligament." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 305, no. 6 (September 15, 2013): C673—C679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00242.2012.

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Resolution agonists are endogenous mediators that drive inflammation to homeostasis. We earlier demonstrated in vivo activity of resolvins and lipoxins on regenerative periodontal wound healing. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the function of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts, which are critical for wound healing during regeneration of the soft and hard tissues around teeth. Primary cells were cultured from biopsies obtained from three individuals free of periodontal diseases. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from whole blood of healthy volunteers. PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. The direct impact of RvD1 on PDL fibroblast proliferation was measured and wound closure was analyzed in vitro using a fibroblast culture “scratch assay.” PDL fibroblast function in response to RvD1 was further characterized by basic FGF production by ELISA. IL-1β and TNF-α enhanced the production of PGE2. Treatment of PDL cells and monocytes with 0.1–10 ng/ml RvD1 (0.27–27 M) reduced cytokine induced production of PGE2 and upregulated LXA4 production by both PDL cells and monocytes. RvD1 significantly enhanced PDL fibroblast proliferation and wound closure as well as basic FGF release. The results demonstrate that anti-inflammatory and proresolution actions of RvD1 with upregulation of arachidonic acid-derived endogenous resolution pathways (LXA4) and suggest resolution pathway synergy establishing a novel mechanism for the proresolution activity of the ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolution agonist RvD1.

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Lund, Amy E. "PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT STEM CELLS ISOLATED." Journal of the American Dental Association 135, no. 9 (September 2004): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0393.

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Cuoghi, Osmar Aparecido, Pedro Marcelo Tondelli, Carlos Alberto Aiello, Marcos Rogério de Mendonça, and Silvano Cesar da Costa. "Importance of periodontal ligament thickness." Brazilian Oral Research 27, no. 1 (February 2013): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242013000100014.

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35

Karthikeya Patil, Mahima VG, Poornima Chandran, Bharathi Penumatsa, Nagabhushana Doggalli, and Sanjay CJ. "Age Estimation Using the Radiographic Visibility of the Periodontal Ligament in Mandibular Third Molars in Mysore Population- A Retrospective Study." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 15, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15316.

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Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the reliability of age estimation using the radiographic visibility of periodontal ligament surrounding the roots of completely erupted mandibular 3rd molar.Materials and methods:Visibility ofperiodontal ligament was assessed in completely erupted mandibular third molars, in a sample of 135 panoramic radiographs, of which 55 belonging to females and 80 to males, from a Mysore population aged 18to 32 years. A classification of four stages based on the visual phenomenon of disappearance of the periodontal ligament of fully mineralized third molars was used. For each stage, mean, standard deviation, minimal & maximal age were assessed.Results:The relationship between age and stage of periodontal ligament had a statistical significance for both sexes.In this population, stage 1 can be used for predictability of age above 19 years and stage 3 for predictability of age above 23 years. No significant correlation exists between periodontal ligament visibility and gender of the individual.Conclusion:Thistechnique is advocated for determining age above 19 years as it is a relatively simple and reliable method. Differences exist in different ethnicities demanding specific population standards.

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Mody, Dhawal Rajendra, Vrushali Lathiya, and Kamalkishor Mankar. "Periostin in Periodontics: A Brief Insight." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210426.

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The prime objective of the periodontal treatment is to re-establish the lost periodontal tissue by forming new attachment of periodontal ligament, cementum and the alveolar bone. Periostin is a matricellular protein with its structure closely resembling to that of Drosophila fasciclin. It is expressed in the periodontal ligament, periosteum, alveolar bone, adipose tissue as well as skeletal tissue and has a key role in role in tooth development. This protein molecule has a striking similarity to the molecule beta ig-h3 which is induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), promotes the adhesion and spreading of fibroblasts and aids in collagen formation. It is possibly involved in the post surgical regeneration of periodontal hard and soft tissues. Periostin is also linked to dental papilla cells and is associated with hard tissue formation stages of tooth development. This mini review focuses on the various aspects of periostin related to maintenance and development of collagen rich connective tissues around the teeth. Keywords: Periostin, Periodontal ligament, Periodontal regeneration, Alveolar bone.

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Feller, L., R. A. G. Khammissa, I. Schechter, G. Thomadakis, J. Fourie, and J. Lemmer. "Biological Events in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Associated with Application of Orthodontic Forces." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/876509.

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Orthodontic force-induced stresses cause dynamic alterations within the extracellular matrix and within the cytoskeleton of cells in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, mediating bone remodelling, ultimately enabling orthodontic tooth movement. In the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, the mechanically induced tensile strains upregulate the expression of osteogenic genes resulting in bone formation, while mechanically induced compressive strains mediate predominantly catabolic tissue changes and bone resorption. In this review article we summarize some of the currently known biological events occurring in the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone in response to application of orthodontic forces and how these facilitate tooth movement.

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Kasugai, Shohei. "Characteristics of periodontal ligament and regeneration of periodontal tissue." Ensho Saisei 23, no. 1 (2003): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2492/jsir.23.34.

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Popova, Svetlana N., Malgorzata Barczyk, Carl-Fredrik Tiger, Wouter Beertsen, Paola Zigrino, Attila Aszodi, Nicolai Miosge, Erik Forsberg та Donald Gullberg. "α11β1 Integrin-Dependent Regulation of Periodontal Ligament Function in the Erupting Mouse Incisor". Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, № 12 (15 червня 2007): 4306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00041-07.

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ABSTRACT The fibroblast integrin α11β1 is a key receptor for fibrillar collagens. To study the potential function of α11 in vivo, we generated a null allele of the α11 gene. Integrin α11−/− mice are viable and fertile but display dwarfism with increased mortality, most probably due to severely defective incisors. Mutant incisors are characterized by disorganized periodontal ligaments, whereas molar ligaments appear normal. The primary defect in the incisor ligament leads to halted tooth eruption. α11β1-defective embryonic fibroblasts displayed severe defects in vitro, characterized by (i) greatly reduced cell adhesion and spreading on collagen I, (ii) reduced ability to retract collagen lattices, and (iii) reduced cell proliferation. Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase in vitro and in vivo revealed disturbed MMP13 and MMP14 synthesis in α11−/− cells. We show that α11β1 is the major receptor for collagen I on mouse embryonic fibroblasts and suggest that α11β1 integrin is specifically required on periodontal ligament fibroblasts for cell migration and collagen reorganization to help generate the forces needed for axial tooth movement. Our data show a unique role for α11β1 integrin during tooth eruption.

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Sandra, Ferry, Janti Sudiono, Ciptadhi Tri Oka Binartha, Angliana Chouw, and Melanie Sadono Djamil. "Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of CD117+ Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Cells." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v9i2.286.

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BACKGROUND: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) and periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) have been suggested as valuable seed cells for bone engineering, suggesting that both stem cells are potential osteogenic sources. Since DPSC and PDLSC seem like to have similar potential in bone formation, we conducted a study to compare morphology, immunophenotype and cell growth of DPSC and PDLSC isolated from the same teeth.METHODS: Human dental pulps and periodontal ligaments were obtained from freshly extracted partial impacted third molar teeth. Collected samples were digested with type I collagenase. Resulted cell suspension was washed and cultured. For biomarker identification, the cells were fixed and bound with anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-cluster of differentiation (CD)117 antibody. For cell growth quantification, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used. Meanwhile for osteogenic differentiation, the cells were cultured in osteogenic medium for 1-3 weeks, fixed and stained with alizarin red.RESULTS: Morphology of dental pulps cell (DPC) and periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) in passage 5 was similar. Clear CD117 green fluorescence of DPC and PDLC in passage 5 was observed. Cell growth rate of PDLC was higher than the one of DPC, 0.3858 and 0.3848 respectively. DPC formed bone nodule on the third week culture in osteogenic medium, while PDLC showed bone nodule formation on the second week culture.CONCLUSION: We suggest that DPC and PDLC are potential seed cells for osteogenic regeneration, since they had cell growth capacity and osteogenic differentiation, particularly PDLC that had faster osteogenic differentiation.KEYWORDS: dental pulp, periodontal ligament, cell, growth, osteogenic differentiation

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Vaquette, C., S. Saifzadeh, A. Farag, D. W. Hutmacher, and S. Ivanovski. "Periodontal Tissue Engineering with a Multiphasic Construct and Cell Sheets." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 6 (April 10, 2019): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519837967.

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This study reports on scaffold-based periodontal tissue engineering in a large preclinical animal model. A biphasic scaffold consisting of bone and periodontal ligament compartments manufactured by melt and solution electrospinning, respectively, was used for the delivery of in vitro matured cell sheets from 3 sources: gingival cells (GCs), bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Bm-MSCs), and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The construct featured a 3-dimensional fibrous bone compartment with macroscopic pore size, while the periodontal compartment consisted of a flexible porous membrane for cell sheet delivery. The regenerative performance of the constructs was radiographically and histologically assessed in surgically created periodontal defects in sheep following 5 and 10 wk of healing. Histologic observation demonstrated that the constructs maintained their shape and volume throughout the entirety of the in vivo study and were well integrated with the surrounding tissue. There was also excellent tissue integration between the bone and periodontal ligament compartments as well as the tooth root interface, enabling the attachment of periodontal ligament fibers into newly formed cementum and bone. Bone coverage along the root surface increased between weeks 5 and 10 in the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups. At week 10, the micro–computed tomography results showed that the PDLC group had greater bone fill as compared with the empty scaffold, while the GC group had less bone than the 3 other groups (control, Bm-MSC, and PDLC). Periodontal regeneration, as measured by histologically verified new bone and cementum formation with obliquely inserted periodontal ligament fibers, increased between 5 and 10 wk for the empty, Bm-MSC, and PDLC groups, while the GC group was inferior to the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups at 10 wk. This study demonstrates that periodontal regeneration can be achieved via the utilization of a multiphasic construct, with Bm-MSCs and PDLCs obtaining superior results as compared with GC-derived cell sheets.

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Terranova, V. P., and U. M. E. Wikesjo. "Chemotaxis of Cells Isolated from Periodontal Tissues to Different Biological Response Modifiers." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020020401.

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Directed migration of many different cell types is necessary for uneventful wound healing to occur. From clinical periodontal regeneration procedures, it is commonly believed that periodontal ligament cells will be of critical importance in obtaining a new connective tissue attachment. Here we present data which indicate that extracellular matrix components (fibronectin) and polypeptide growth factors (FGF, TGF-a, and TGF-β) modulate the ability of periodontal ligament cells to express directed migration. These data indicate a potential role for matrix components and growth factors in clinical periodontal regenerative procedures.

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Park, Joo-Young, Chan Ho Park, TacGhee Yi, Si-na Kim, Takanori Iwata, and Jeong-Ho Yun. "rhBMP-2 Pre-Treated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Sheets Regenerate a Mineralized Layer Mimicking Dental Cementum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113767.

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The periodontal complex consisting of alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligaments (PDL) supports human teeth through the systematic orchestration of mineralized tissues and fibrous tissues. Importantly, cementum, the outermost mineralized layer of dental roots, plays an essential role by bridging the inner ligaments from the dental root to the alveolar bone. When the periodontal complex is damaged, the regeneration of each component of the periodontal complex is necessary; however, it is still challenging to achieve complete functional regeneration. In this study, we tried to control the regeneration of cementum and PDL by using a human PDL stem cell (hPDLSC) sheet engineering technology with the pretreatment of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). Isolated hPDLSCs obtained from extracted human teeth were pretreated with rhBMP-2 for in vitro osteogenic differentiation and grafted on the micro/macro-porous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) blocks, which represent dental roots. The MBCPs with hPDLSC sheets were implanted in the subcutaneous layer of immune-compromised mice, and rhBMP-2 pretreated hPDLSC sheets showed higher mineralization and collagen ligament deposition than the no-pretreatment group. Therefore, the rhBMP-2-hPDLSC sheet technique could be an effective strategy for the synchronized regeneration of two different tissues: mineralized tissue and fibrous tissues in periodontal complexes.

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Deguchi, T., T. Yabuuchi, R. Ando, H. Ichikawa, T. Sugimoto, and T. Takano-Yamamoto. "Increase of Galanin in Trigeminal Ganglion during Tooth Movement." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 7 (July 2006): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500715.

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It is known that nerve fibers containing neuropeptides such as galanin increase in the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement. However, the origin of galanin-containing nerve fibers in the periodontal ligament remains unclear. This study was conducted to examine our hypothesis that the increased galanin nerve fibers have a sensory neuronal origin, and that the peptide is associated with pain transmission and/or periodontal ligament remodeling during experimental tooth movement. In control rats, galanin-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells were very rare and were observed predominantly in small ganglion cells. After 3 days of experimental tooth movement, galanin-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells significantly increased, and the most marked increase was observed at 5 days after experimental tooth movement. Furthermore, their cell size spectrum also significantly changed after 3 and 5 days of movement: Medium-sized and large trigeminal ganglion cells began expressing, and continued to express, galanin until 14 days after experimental tooth movement. These findings suggest that the increase of galanin in the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement at least partially originates from trigeminal ganglion neurons and may play a role in pain transmission and/or periodontal remodeling.

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Rathi, Ajita, Prateeksha Chowdhry, Mamta Kaushik, Pallavi Reddy, Roshni Roshni, and Neha Mehra. "Effect of different periodontal ligament simulating materials on the incidence of dentinal cracks during root canal preparation." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 12, no. 3 (September 26, 2018): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2018.030.

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Background. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of dentinal cracks during root canal preparation with different periodontal ligament simulating materials in vitro. Methods. Seventy freshly extracted human mandibular first premolars were selected and divided into 7 groups in terms of simulating material: group 1: polyether impression material; group 2: polyvinyl acetate adhesive; group 3: polyvinyl siloxane impression material; group 4: cyanoacrylate adhesive; group 5: epoxy resin adhesive; group 6: positive control, without any periodontal ligament simulation; and group 7: negative control, where neither a periodontal ligament simulating material was used nor canal preparation was carried out. Root canal preparation was carried out in all the groups followed by sectioning of roots at 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm. The sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×2.5 for the presence or absence of cracks. Chi-squared test was used to compare the appearance of defective roots between the different experimental groups. Results. The least number of cracks were found in the negative control group, followed by group 1 where polyether impression material was used for periodontal ligament simulation. The difference was significant with a P-value of 0.002 for coronal sections. Conclusion. Under the limitation of the present study, polyether and polyvinyl siloxane (light body) can both be used for simulation of periodontal ligament.

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Zhang, Ying, Li Lei, and Zhimei Zeng. "Hispolon Suppresses Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Cells in Periodontitis." CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRACEUTICAL RESEARCH 21, no. 4 (October 9, 2023): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.21:339-345.

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In periodontitis, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress followed by apoptosis and cell death in periodontal ligament cells further exacerbates periodontium destruction. Hispolon, a traditional Chinese medicine, could attenuate cell death induced by excessive oxidation. However, its role in oxidative stress and apoptosis in periodontitis is still unclear. To this end, the effect of the increasing dosage of hispolon on the reversal of the increase in cell viability caused by lipopolysaccharide in periodontal ligament cells in a periodontitis cell model was evaluated. The results show a dose-dependent hispolon promotion of cell viability in periodontal ligament cells. Cells treated with hispolon exhibited a decrease in cell apoptosis and a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress (Activating Transcription Factor 4, Glucose-Regulated Protein 78, and C/EBP-homologous protein) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-18, and Interleukin-6) levels than the lipopolysaccharide alone group. To further investigate the underlying mechanism(s), the relative expression of phosphorylation of extracellularly regulated protein kinases and phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase in periodontal ligament cells were measured. The results show that hispolon attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis by deactivating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, hispolon reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and alleviates apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells in periodontitis, and the protective mechanism is associated with the deactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

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47

Hasegawa, Masateru, Masayuki Yamato, Akihiko Kikuchi, Teruo Okano, and Isao Ishikawa. "Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets Can Regenerate Periodontal Ligament Tissue in an Athymic Rat Model." Tissue Engineering 11, no. 3-4 (March 2005): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.2005.11.469.

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48

Kaneda, T., M. Miyauchi, T. Takekoshi, S. Kitagawa, M. Kitagawa, H. Shiba, H. Kurihara, and T. Takata. "Characteristics of periodontal ligament subpopulations obtained by sequential enzymatic digestion of rat molar periodontal ligament." Bone 38, no. 3 (March 2006): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2005.08.021.

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49

Kaku, Masaru, Katsumi Uoshima, Yasuo Yamashita, and Hiroyuki Miura. "Investigation of periodontal ligament reaction upon excessive occlusal load - osteopontin induction among periodontal ligament cells." Journal of Periodontal Research 40, no. 1 (February 2005): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00773.x.

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50

Lossdörfer, S., M. Sun, W. Götz, M. Dard, and A. Jäger. "Enamel Matrix Derivative Promotes Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Differentiation and Osteoprotegerin Production in vitro." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 10 (October 2007): 980–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708601012.

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Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been used successfully to aid periodontal repair. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of action of EMD and hypothesized that combined exposure to EMD and parathyroid hormone (PTH), which acts anabolicly when administered intermittently, would enhance periodontal ligament cell proliferation, differentiation, and local factor production. Confluent human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to EMD continuously or to PTH(1-34) intermittently, or a combination of both. Cell number, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin production were determined. Continuous challenge with EMD resulted in an increase of the differentiation parameters and osteoprotegerin production, while simultaneously inhibiting proliferation. Intermittent PTH(1-34) administration exerted opposite effects. Combined administration of EMD and PTH(1-34) weakened or even nullified the effects seen for the agents alone. These results suggest that EMD promotes periodontal ligament cell differentiation and osteoprotegerin production, potentially resulting in a microenvironment supporting periodontal repair, whereas combining EMD and PTH(1-34) failed to prove beneficial in this respect.

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