Дисертації з теми "Perfomance Sociale des Entreprises"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Perfomance Sociale des Entreprises".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Son, Hanei. "Three essays on Corporate Venture Capital Investment : Fostering Organizational Learning through Early-Stage Ventures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHEC0006.
Повний текст джерелаN examines the implications on corporate innovation and other learning outcomes of incumbents that build relationships with early-stage ventures through Corporate Venture Capital(CVC) investments. As entrepreneurial ventures draw the attention as external sources of valuable knowledge and skills, past literature has investigated how incumbents build inter-organizational relationships with these ventures through CVC investments. Among them, early-stage ventures without a visible product or service are often considered to be uncertain investment targets in terms of their technologies and potential performance. Contrary to this view, empirical evidence shows that number of incumbents are participating in early-stage CVC deals. This raises an intriguing question about what corporate investors can achieve by targeting such ventures with higher uncertainty.In my first essay, I examine whether firms achieve greater innovative performance when increasing their early-stage CVC investments. I theorize an find that early-stage CVC investments indeed increase firms’ short-term innovation even after controlling for total CVC investments and the investment in Independent Venture Capital (IVC)-backed ventures of corporate investors. Furthermore, I find empirical support that greater industry diversity of a firm’s CVC portfolio attenuates this relationship by adding knowledge complexity to organizational learning.In my second essay, focusing on exclusive access to valuable resources as a key advantage of early-stage CVC investments, I theorize that while exclusivity can serve as a strategy for corporate investors to form strong bonds with early-stage ventures, a trade-off exists as information asymmetries arise from the lack of external information to value these ventures as partners. I demonstrate that corporate investors with autonomous CVC units are more likely to opt for exclusive ties with early-stage ventures, as opposed to integrated CVC units, which are more sensitive to risk and managerial consent. In addition, this trend is moderated by the knowledge originality of corporate investors’ existing knowledge stocks.In my third essay, I examine the relationship between CVC investments and Corporate Social Performance (CSP), and propose that certain aspects of CVC investments can lead to positive outcomes from a CSR perspective. Specifically, I focus on early-stage CVC investments, which require resource acquisition under conditions of uncertainty. I theorize how accumulating resources through continuous investments in early-stage ventures can contribute to higher social outcomes. This research suggests that it is not just a single early-stage investment that impacts CSR, but rather the accumulated experience gained through such investments that can be positively associated with external evaluations of CSR
Dandurand, Guillaume. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises est-elle sociale?" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20544.
Повний текст джерелаUhalde, Marc. "Crise sociale et transformation des entreprises." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PAO90066.
Повний текст джерелаThe research in "Social Crisis and Enterprise Transformation" focuses on organizational crisis that arises when companies modernize their internal management mechanisms. Built around four specific case studies, this research indicates that this "organizational crisis" can become endemic and long-term as individuals struggle to maintain their organizational identity throughout the change process. In addition, "Social Crisis and Enterprise Transformation" shows that the degree of an "organizational crisis" has a direct relation to current company work mechanisms, particular styles of Change Management, and an organization's unique tradition and culture
Liu, Jingxue. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises pétrolières multinationales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020018.
Повний текст джерелаExamining the example of multinational oil companies, this article tries to make clear the actual situation of the concept of corporate social responsibility, which from legal perspective belongs to soft law, and to draw a line between hard law and soft law, aiming to highlight the difference in functions of these two laws and to dispel unrealistic expectations of corporate social responsibility. Along these lines, this article firstly explores the context of corporate social responsibility, including its evolution, controversies around it, and the underpinning instruments that put it on a solid footing. These instruments represent a couple of common characteristics (diversity, flexibility, inclusion of pioneer values, etc.) that make them accepted by companies as commitment. Furthermore, both developed countries and some developing countries have seen a trend to strengthen national-level rules in this area. Secondly, three subjects, i.e., environment, human rights and anti-corruption, are selected and analyzed to show how hard law functions, its weaknesses in both developing countries and developed ones, and its effects on the actual performance of multinational oil companies, and also to explore what contribution the corporate social responsibility can make. Finally, the dynamics of corporate social responsibility is discussed. Some stakeholders, such as government, socially responsible investors, competitors and NGOs, have great potential to push multinational oil companies to adopt a socially responsible approach, while some other stakeholders, such as responsible consumers, remain a weak factor in the decision-making of these companies
Lequin, Yves. "Comptabilité et responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21009.
Повний текст джерелаFor twenty years, accounting theory focuses more and more on corporate social responsibility. First, this study emphasizes the trend in accounting theory to move out of its traditionnal boundraries especially towards the socio-economic themes. In a second time, an empirical and statistical survey of french social balance-sheets is conducted to illustrate the validity and relevance of social accounting disclosure in additions to financial statements
Bouyoud, Floriane. "Le management stratégique de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486745.
Повний текст джерелаLafarge, Hervé Bonnet Marc. "Mesure de la responsabilite sociale des entreprises et organisations cas d'évaluation socio-économique d'organisations de l'économie sociale et solidaire /." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2006/lafarge_h.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Baqqaly Sidi Ahmed. "L'apport du contrôle de gestion sociale à la performance des entreprises - cas des entreprises marocaines." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1001/document.
Повний текст джерелаEven if the role of the function social management control in the improvement of the performance of companies are more and more recognized more than before, this link is still subject of several searches. Several authors tried to light this "black box". In spite of what was validated, many still remain to discover. In literature, we find various theoretical approaches through which several authors tried to validate the relevance of this link. We held the approach of possibility to identify the factors which influence the practices of the social management control in the Moroccan companies and which can consequently improve the performance of these entities
Ballet, Jérôme. "Exclusion et entreprise à vocation sociale." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL12003.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase of extend unemployment induce a great exclusion of labour market. This exclusion is investigated in terms of desequilibrium in the individual's entitlement set. The incapability of the market to fulfil situations wanted is moreover associated with the incapability of government policy to get rid of the exclusion. Facing this phenomenom, firms which the vocation is the social and professional insertion, have been created. They are called social entreprise. They use an economic's insertion process in which recipient of the service have a post of labour. These firms have an optimal size which is reach when no one more can have a post without reduce the insertion service's suality for another one, at least. This optimal size is linked to available funds. Under these conditions, equity and efficacity of economic's insertion process are hardly reconcilable. An entrance selection of the recipient is probable
Walkowiak, Emmanuelle. "Modernisation des entreprises, interdépendances des salariés et inégalités." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090046.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to jointly analyse two stylised facts:The technological and organisational modernisation of firm. The evolution of inequality of access to employment linked to skills and personal characteristics of workers like gender. The modernisation of firms generates a reconfiguration of interdependences in work, implying a transformation of social interactions between workers. The formalisation of productive complementarities between tasks and social interactions between workers helps to understand why at a given level of skill, workers having the lowest wages also have the highest unemployment rate. In addition, our empirical tests highlight the inequality, linked to modernisation, in the career path of workers after recruitment. Finally, we analyse the dynamics of the labour force renewal of firms undergoing modernisation
Arnal, Juliette. "La normalisation sociale et environnementale et les relations inter-entreprises." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269046.
Повний текст джерелаL'éthique de l'entreprise satisfait une demande de repérage et d'affirmation de règles communes relatives à la sphère économique. La formalisation de l'éthique permet à la firme de l'intégrer à ses politiques. Les normes éthiques, outils spécifiques de formalisation, établissent un compromis entre la recherche d'une attitude responsable, un état de la technique et les contraintes économiques. L'intérêt porté aux normes éthiques se justifie par le fait qu'elles représentent des modes de régulation originaux des relations inter-entreprises sur le plan de la coordination et des échanges. Trois caractéristiques de ces normes sont à mettre en perspective : elles sont de nature hétérogène, en plein foisonnement et traduisent une régulation de la sphère privée par elle-même. Dans ce contexte l'éthique de l'entreprise est loin d'être neutre en termes de régulation des fournisseurs et des sous-traitants et plus généralement en termes de rôle de l'entreprise dans la société. L'utilisation de ces normes éthiques révèle une segmentation entre des fournisseurs primaires et secondaires. Les normes éthiques créent de la confiance pour certains et instrumentent la dépendance pour d'autres. Ces pratiques sont confirmées dans une perspective institutionnelle par les modes de construction des normes et les zones d'influence qu'elles créent. Les entreprises, les Etats et les organisations internationales interviennent dans la structuration de l'architecture internationale de la normalisation éthique. Cette architecture révèle le pouvoir structurel de la normalisation en tant que moyen de régulation des relations inter-firmes et du capitalisme.
Merlet, Jimmy. "Transformation numérique des entreprises, innovation et Responsabilité Sociale d’Entreprise (RSE)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G004.
Повний текст джерелаThe digital transformation of companies is changing the organisation of work and raises social and environmental challenges. This observation leads us to analyse the impact of these changes on employees and more broadly on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Firstly, an empirical analysis of the numerical determinants of CSR within Artisanal Enterprises (EA) is carried out. The results underline the influence of numerical factors in the deployment of responsible approaches. Secondly, this thesis studies the relationship between a telecommuting approach (social innovation) and technological innovation (product and process). This research highlights the positive impact of telecommuting (organisational and management) on product innovation. The latest research analyzes the influence of corporate governance on the interest in digital in the CSR reports of CAC 40 companies. This research illustrates how and why companies are paying increasing attention to digital in their CSR approaches. This thesis, beyond its academic contributions, has managerial and public policy implications
Arnal, Juliette Barreau Jocelyne Monnier Jean-Marie. "La normalisation sociale et environnementale et les relations inter-entreprises." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269046/fr.
Повний текст джерелаAndreani, Santina, and Jean-Paul Groscolas. "Politique sociale et gestion de l'emploi : l'exemple de la main-d'œuvre handicapée." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010032.
Повний текст джерелаBou, Nader Raymond. "Modélisation du management des risques industriels et de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : Cas des entreprises libanaises." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of our thesis is to study the current practice of CSR in the context of the Lebanese industrial companies and to examine the relationship between CSR practices and risk management, using statistical techniques as inferential tests, factor analysis and multiple linear regression models. It is in the latter that the main contribution of this research has been made. This research has made it possible to perceive CSR as more than just a marketing and public relations tool but also a real tool influencing risk in companies. Our research broadens the knowledge base in this field in the Lebanese context, focusing on the management and practices of the company in terms of risk management, in order to better manage the social, environmental, and community based activities by CSR. The results of this study will enable researchers to create a stronger theoretical and empirical basis on which future research on the subject of CSR and risk management through CSR can be developed
beniza, Abderrahmane. "Culture organisationnelle et culture participative dans les entreprises algériennes." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090046.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we will try to analyse the two different output systems which prevailed in the political and economical scene. The two systems match with the establishment of socialism, and in the present circumstances of the self - managing and technocrat socialism - first of all, we will try to examine wether the latter mentioned was a qualitative surpassing in the democratisation of the entreprise through the free effective participation of the workers. In that way we will consider thoroughly the structures built each of the output systems. We will look into the overall political and ideological atmosphere the flexibility as well as the establishment of a social discussion as its systematic specialisation through individual or general negociation. This will enable us, between the lines, to see wether the technocrate socialism is required answer to the problem of work in algerie. Does this policy settle the secular problem of the hierarchy in the entreprise? Does it put an end to the obvious and latent conflicts arising in the process of work? Must technocrat socialism mitigate the characterized lacks of the self managing socilism? Or is this simply a substitution of a social order through another one corresponding therefore to a political and ideological opportunity authorizing the state's intervention into the political scene
Morin, Pierre-François. "La régulation sociale des sociétés transnationales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32080.
Повний текст джерелаMultinational corporations have become major actors of the globalisation. Their scope of activities extends, however, beyond any applicable legal framework. This results in the absence of any legal framework capable of regulating their activities, thus permitting greater harm to the fundamental social rights of workers. Since the 1970’s, States have tried, whether unilaterally or through regional or international organisations, to instil a sense of responsibility in these companies by either developing their jurisdictional competence founded on civil or criminal responsibility, or through adopting commercial constraints against the hosting States or by the adoption of codes of conduct. Apart from some rare exceptions, these measures have shown themselves to be insufficient and thus have led to the search for new models of social regulation based on co-operation, flexibility and adaptability with regards to the mechanisms of the market. This study emphasises the development of a process of privatisation of social regulation, that is subject to the multinationals’ own initiatives. Its contents remains, however, still uncertain and involve a multitude of both different participants and instruments. It is therefore a matter of analysing the possibility to organise and structure all such initiatives in order to put in place a genuine international framework for the social regulation of the multinational corporations
Semenowicz, Philippe. "Une analyse conventionnaliste des collaborations entre entreprises sociales et entreprises commerciales : l’exemple de l’insertion par l’activité économique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0062.
Повний текст джерелаWork integration social enterprises (WISE) aim to allow disadvantaged workers to benefit from contracts of employment, in order to facilitate their social and professional inclusion. Since the end of the last decade, collaborations between private businesses and WISE have been increasing in France, whereas at first the attitude was one of mutual mistrust. This study focuses on how WISE and private businesses collaborate. First we use the literature about social enterprise to characterize the special features of WISE. Then we build a framework inspired from the “economics of conventions” school. Collaborations between WISE and private businesses rest on an agreement about what integration means. We produce three kinds of “integration conventions” (civic-market, civic-industrial and civic-connective) that are compromises allowing coordination. We use this typology to investigate three case-studies. In each one all of our “integration conventions” are present but in variable proportions, depending on the institutional constraints faced by WISE and private businesses
Thirion, Nicolas. "Les privatisations d'entreprises publiques dans une économie sociale de marché : aspects juridiques /." Bruxelles : Paris : Bruylant ; LGDJ, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391705865.
Повний текст джерелаLacheze, Aurélie. "Commerce, entreprises et éthique : le cas de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : pour une sociologie de l’engagement marchand." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20069.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation intends to explore commitment as a dimension of markets through the case of Corporate Social Responsability (CSR). CSR refers to the social and environmental initatives of firm that go beyond those enforced by the law. Based on a qualitative investigation in five french firms and on the analysis of CSR reports of the 40 main listed French companies, we will question CSR through the lens of the notion of commitment. First, we will analyse the first step of CSR practises. We will hence look at the processes of hitching up and weaving which are put to work when firms launch their CSR politicies. We will also insist on the tools and organization that companies adopt in order to accomplish CSR objectives. Then, in a second part, we focus on the militant character of CSR. We show the manysided ambiguity of CSR: underlining that CSR is playing with law and doesn't always go beyond, that there are many “Godsend effects” when companies undertake to CSR. Finally, we question the consequences of CSR on firms' environment. We propose more particularly a sociolgy of stakeholders in order to understand the social reality of this managerial theory
Pon, François. "L'histoire des transferts de mémoire sociale et technique dans l'entreprise Bull Belfort." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2044.
Повний текст джерелаThe Bull company, located in Belfort, specialised in computer peripherals. This document retraces the history of the Belfort industrial site from its installation in 1960 until the end of 2007. We examine how, within the industrial history of Bull in Belfort, the technical was able to articulate with the social. The conduit for this articulation is memory, characterised by the collective memories of different social groups, by its location, by its exteriorisation in the tools of memory, by its fixing in rules, and by its justification to the means of communication. The relationship of subordination exercised by different shareholders, French as well as American, associate with memory, has served to distinguish eight periods grouped into three larger epochs. The first (1960-1975) is one of development adapted to the social and economic context. The second period (1976-1985) shows an increase in inadaptation relative to these two domains. The third period (1986-2007) is one of a decline which led to the departure of Bull from the industrial site. The construction and the deconstruction of diverse memories and that which has been forgotten have built the collective memory of the company
Grandvuillemin, Sophie. "Entreprises à statut spécial et concurrence." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010330.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of their special status, some firms are in a particular situation that can break equality between the competitors and disrupt the free competition. Such is the case of the public corporations and non-profit- making enterprises. These firms have an original, hybrid status which reflect both their economic character and their first calling of public or social interest. From that point of view, the fact that they are on the market may seen incongirous. However, the subject matter of the study is to show that special status and competition have close links. First of all, the special character of firms does not act as a brake upon their integration into the competitive system. At a material level, the substantive law has accepted that the enterprises of social economy and public bodies should fully compete with the profit-making enterprises. At a legal level, the access to the market implies that the enterprises submit to the competition law, despite the specificity of their status. But, as some kind of kickback, his integration of the firms into the competitive system is done to the very detriment of the special character of their status. It leads to an equalization, eliminating certain statutory advantages and constraints. Now, this equalization goes together with unspecified special status, so much so that, in some cases, a few of them can be abandoned. As to the remaining inequalities, they must be sanctioned. The competition law proves very useful there. As a law of behaviours, it seems to become a law of deeds at the origin of inequalities. The role of equality, as a condition of free competition, is on the way to being fully recognized
Hasselberg, Ylva. "Den sociala ekonomin : familjen Clason och Furudals bruk /." Uppsala : Acta universitatis Upsaliensis, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410576109.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Rhouma Amel. "Etude des déterminants de la divulgation environnementale et sociale des entreprises françaises." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0004.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of our study is to explore the evolution of the scope and patterns of corporate environmental and social disclosure of the French companies and to identify determinants likely to explain the strategies of communication of this type of information. Our study is based on three-tiered conceptual framework that weaves together three complementary perspectives: information costs and benefits, legitimacy theory and governance. We focus on annual and social reports of a sample SBF 120 French firms during three years2001, 2002 and 2003. We show that in spite of the promulgation of article 116 of law NRE of May 15, 2001, the environmental information disseminated by the French companies concerns a voluntary strategy. Environmental disclosure is measured using a coding instrument on a way that is similar to Wiseman (1982) and Cormier and Magnan (1999 and 2003) adapted to the legal and regulatory context French and taking account of the voluntary international initiative of standardization of these practices of reporting (the GRI). We study also the social aspect of the disclosure of French companies in order to explore its impact on the level of environmental reporting. Regarding the first purpose, results show that level and quality of corporate social and environmental reporting tend to converge over time. With respect to the second purpose, consistent with expectations, results show that information costs and benefits faced by capital market participants, governance and monitoring considerations as well as the need for firms to legitimise their activities all influence environmental disclosure. Moreover, the level of the social disclosure significantly assigns to the rise the level of environmental reporting
Dugal, Louis. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises : une approche par la défaillance du marché." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26250.
Повний текст джерелаPlusieurs grandes entreprises clament haut et fort qu’elles agissent de manière socialement responsable, mais de quoi s’agit-il? Est-ce que chercher à maximiser les profits des actionnaires est la meilleure façon de favoriser les intérêts de la société? Est-ce le rôle de l’entreprise d’en faire plus pour la société que ce que la loi prescrit? Ces questions font l’objet du présent mémoire. L’objectif est de présenter trois des principales théories qui traitent de ces questions, de les analyser ainsi que de les comparer les unes avec les autres de manière à se faire une meilleure idée de ce que signifie pour une entreprise d’être socialement responsable. Il est question de la théorie des actionnaires de Milton Friedman, de la théorie des parties prenantes d’Edward Freeman et finalement de l’approche centrée sur la défaillance des marchés de Joseph Heath. À la lumière de ces théories, nous suggérons qu’une entreprise socialement responsable doit être administrée par des gestionnaires qui cherchent à maximiser les profits des actionnaires, mais que ces premiers doivent, dans la mesure du possible, respecter l’esprit des lois et ne pas chercher à exploiter les défaillances du marché.
Contreras, Camille. "Rse : performance sociale et motivations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU2124.
Повний текст джерелаCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by the European Commission (2011) as "the responsibility of companies for the effects they have on society". It is part of the approaches initiated voluntarily by the latter (driven by moral considerations or the ambition to improve their financial performance) but can also concern more constrained commitments, in response to external pressure (legal or from their stakeholders). Identifying and understanding the mechanisms that drive CSR investments are key issues to be able to promote and develop responsible behavior. This thesis, which is part of the RESET (Responsabilité Environnementale et Sociale des Entreprises du Territoire néo-aquitain) project funded by the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region, proposes to study the determinants of CSR. The first part of the study aims to understand and evaluate the impact of companies' motivations on the intensity of their involvement in socially responsible practices, based on data collected directly from companies in Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The first chapter focuses on the measurement of corporate social performance and presents the methodological difficulties induced by the construction of a multidimensional indicator. A second chapter is devoted to studying the influence of different motivations to practice CSR on the extra-financial performance indicator we have constructed. The results indicate that altruistic behaviors, driven by moral considerations and which lead companies to sacrifice profits in the interest of society, are those that correspond to the highest level of involvement in CSR. The second part of this thesis questions the coherence of companies' actions by studying more specifically the compensation of irresponsible actions. The first chapter examines the relationship between the level of information on environmental, social and governance practices communicated on the websites of companies in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region and the litigation to which they have been subjected. The results indicate that companies that have been at the origin of irresponsible actions have higher levels of communication. To complete this analysis, a final chapter examines the temporality between good and bad news. The objective is to determine whether companies engage in CSR to compensate for past bad actions, through a repair mechanism, or to mitigate the consequences of future irresponsibility, through a prevention mechanism. The results indicate that both mechanisms can exist simultaneously. The conclusions of this doctoral research are intended to provide recommendations that could help encourage socially responsible behavior in the territory of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in particular
Girardot, Jean-Jacques. "Problematique des determinations et de la logique economiques de la diffusion sociale des technologies informatiques." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO22010.
Повний текст джерелаThe traditional conception of technical progress as autonomous from and external to social relations, and leading to social transformation, does not include the diversification of new information technologies or their development into many new areas, notably economics. The social penetration of information technologies takes place within the general framework of capital accumulation. Urged on by the prospect of increased profits, mechanisation, division of conception and execution tasks, and finally the technological revolution itself are in line with the trends set into motion, within the capitalist system production, not by technological change but by the development of working methods in industry: concentration, underqualified staff, increased productivity as well as centralised control ans organisation. The development of information technologies in industry relies on the increased awareness of the need for better information within the system of production, which has resulted in an increased proportion of clerical workers in organisation units, whereas mechanisation has been slowed down by the problem of controlling information. As the information systems have more and more resources at their disposal, the spreading of information technologies into society goes through a succession of three phases. Information systems are first adopted more and more widely as collective
Lafarge, Hervé. "Mesure de la responsabilite sociale des entreprises et organisations : cas d'évaluation socio-économique d'organisations de l'économie sociale et solidaire." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_lafarge_h.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNon-profit organizations have undertaken organizational, business and legal changes. Accused to be in competition with private companies, they now have to demonstrate both their social and economic contribution. Based on an action-research experiment, we provide metrics on their social responsibility, value added and therefore their social and economic contribution to their stakeholders. Thirst part of the dissertation presents the opinion of the actors of non-profit organizations on the meaning of their strategic responsibility and their capacity to create value. The second part contributes to the issue of the specify of non-profit organizations in their social goals, the efficiency of the investment in the social project based on qualitative, quantitative and financials indicators. Several management tools provide an evaluation to measure the responsibility score of non-profit organizations
Eyraud, Corine. "L'entreprise d'État chinoise : de "l'institution sociale totale" vers l'entité économique ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10094.
Повний текст джерелаChinese state enterprise, as it has been developed by the Chinese communists, is a kind of social organization very special. Its main difference from the western enterprise is its multifunctionality : has economic, administrative, political and social functions. It can be defined as a total institution in the meaning of E. Goffman. In an other hand, it is only a link of the national economic system : a lot of aspects of management are not within the competence of the directorate of the enterprise the different reforms concerning state enterprise. They plan to restore management of production supply, of sales, of staff and financial management to the enterprise. These new enterprises are supposed to be independant economic entities, appraised on the criterion of profitability. The reforms plan also to externalize the social functions out of the enterprise. We have defined the Chinese state enterprise before the reforms as a special "social form". Our objective is to analyze the transformations of this form throughout these nearly twenty years of reforms. But the question is more complicated : each of these forms combine with, and even presuppose, a certain pattern of economy and a certain pattern of social organization. We will analyze these relations between the main characteristics of the social form and the ones of the global society. Finally, we will demonstrate how the outcome of these reforms would mean a radical change for social and spatial organization of the Chinese urban society
Forget, Vanina. "Les Fonds de Capital Investissement Peuvent-Ils Promouvoir la Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises ?" Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797217.
Повний текст джерелаMartin-Roy, Sarah. "Les phénomènes d'influence sur les conditions de travail dans les entreprises d'économie sociale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26458/26458.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLefèvre, Cécile. "Système de protection sociale et entreprises en Russie : héritages et transformations : 1987-2001." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0013.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the changes observed in the social protection system in Russia, from perestroika up to 2001, emphasizing the social role of Russian firms during that transition period. First, the federal state system and its institutional transformations are described, showing that there has not been a complete collapse of the system, but showing also the weakness of its monetary benefits and its partial coverage. This leads to characterise the firm’s social role as essential and complementary with that of the State. Inherited from the Soviet Union, the firm’s social role has acquired a new meaning with the liberalisation of the economy, as indicated by an analysis of survey data. Beyond being the concern of paternalist practices it appears more widely as participating of a post soviet corporatism. Finally, the issues at stakes in the social protection reforms are brought to light by a detailed analysis of the arguments raised by international organizations
Fraisse, Wolfgang. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises : une forme de régulation des relations de travail ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2078.
Повний текст джерелаThe corporate social responsibility (CSR) of major companies, defined as the voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns in both business itself and in the relationships with stakeholders, has become the site of a series of acts and standards of diverse nature and effects. Encouraged to develop social initiatives, firms have experimented with several initiatives to promote the image of social responsibility. However, with any endeavour, these are likely to demand legal assessment, especially as the subjects to which they relate are subject to state regulation. Voluntary acts of CSR can, by their recommandatory, proclamatory or declaratory formulation, refer to hard law and thus constitute an educational or informational basis of the rule of law, offering a framework for monitoring fair and rational conduct. Other standards can also prescribe behaviours and act as a form of control. Moreover, the intensification of the normative force of those voluntary measures involves legal implications, both binding and inspiring CSR development. The national framework helps to shape the initiatives in this area. This legal mesh makes the CSR a space of varying regulation, including self-regulation as a result of unilateral will in light of legal obligations. In this new dynamic, one must not overshadow the legal freedom granted by the law, which, over judgment and analysis facilitates the conception of CSR as a standard of conduct, generating regulation forms and responsibilities within the employment report
Tahri, Najoua. "Responsabilité sociale des entreprises et comportements citoyens : application au cas de la Mutuelle." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10049.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal performance, sustainable development and corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues are at the heart of the debate on the impact of firms (economic, social and environmental) on their stakeholders. Our research tackles these issues. Drawing on organizational identification and social exchange theories, we develop and test a framework that explains the relationship between CSR as perceived by the employees and social performance based on their attitudes. We argue that CSR can encourage organizational citizenship behaviours and highlight the drivers for taking CSR measures that promote responsible behaviour among employees
Lefèvre, Yves. "Des femmes et de leurs entreprises contribution a une clinique du +diriger-femme; dans l'espace social." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070064.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at studying the particularities of the destinies of women who are the founders and leaders of companies. This theme concerns both the psychological field connected with management, and clinical psychology. In order to bring out particularities wich could go unnoticed in more common cases, the author chose characters showing a heroic and eminent dimension. Thus the autor studied destinies of mythological characters such as iphis, atalante, judith, electre, historical characters such as the bouboulina, pope joan, joan of arc, then women who are contemporary leaders such as coco chanel, ikue yamazaki, nicole armingault, phoolan devi, and to finish, with the case of the matador woman christina sanchez. From these biographies, the author suggests a + typical picture ; which points out four characteristic symptoms, linked to the family problematics. The social unease which appears to the benefit of such situations is explained thanks to freudian topics and theories of narcissism. By excelling in social life, each of these women would seek to climb to a level of a position that could satisfied the maternal look previously captured by their brotherly rival and they would identify themselves both to the wonderful child who would like a father with a particular weakness, in his daughter's eye. More often, these ambitions meet with the kultur, wich by being the victim of its divide, projects on this women the guilty feeling due to the keeling of origins wich launches the social dimension of human collectivity according to freud. Reminding this drive background in its erotic, aggressive, object and narcissic dimensions has a part in this charge for which women are more often victims. So, they would be more regularly condemned because they put on the father's clothes and brought back the fears of being abandoned at the same time and castrated
Lebedinsky, Viviana. "Labyrinthes institutionnels : anthropologie d'un système de représentation patronale : Le cas de la confédération générale de l'industrie italienne." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0273.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is the result of an anthropological research on an industrial representation system : the General Confederation of Italian Industry (CONFINDUSTRIA), Italy’s main employers’federation of public and private firms. CONFINDUSTRIA was created in Turin on May 5 th 1910 and is based in Rome since 8 th April 1919. By 2001, it grouped together 108,000 goods and services companies (4,600,000 employees). The major interest of this study is that it interprets CONFINDUSTRIA as an institution. However, the contribution of anthropology to the study of organizations has not been excluded. In fact, institutions involve more than big organizations; they are also conceptual systems, to be more precise, the are ways of thinking as well as ways of acting. The exploration of human institutions as we understand it in this thesis focuses in the first place on the discovery of a regulating principle wich can be given before its parts, since it can be given as a rule before being given as a concrete totality. In a sense, one of the main assumptions we want to prove in this thesis is that CONFINDUSTRIA can be taken as a system of family representation. This analysis is based on material that was published by CONFINDUSTRIA and comes from their archives in Bologna, Milan and Rome. Interpretation of this material is supported by an intensive field work which was carried out at CONFINDUSTRIA (Rome) from 1996 through 1997
Sebti, Fayçal. "L'impact de l'éthique des dirigeants dans la mise en oeuvre de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : le cas des entreprises privées algériennes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2005.
Повний текст джерелаAfter discussions on the different definitions of corporate social responsibility and its various applications, the debate starts again on the ethical behavior of managers with respect to stakeholders. While the general framework for structuring CSR, CSR will not however grow consistently within the organizations that if substantive work is conducted on the ethical behavior of managers. So it is time to become aware of the importance of this intangible dimension, but capital in the implementation of CSR because it is also a major driver of corporate performance. However, many studies have focused on the implementation of CSR in the private sector in developed countries. However, few studies have examined the case of private companies in developing countries. In this context, the main objective of our research is to analyze the impact of managers’ ethic in the implementation of corporate social responsibilityIn our research, we will try to do the theoretical link between ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility. It seems interesting, combining both theoretical currents, to obtain a more complete conceptual model to explain the influence of leaders, through their ethical behavior, on the implementation of CSR
Pastore-Chaverot, Manuela. "Les stratégies de RSE des grandes entreprises : les facteurs d'influence. Analyse des discours des entreprises du CAC 40." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ002D/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the CSR strategies published by big companies. After collecting annual and sustainable development reports of the CAC40 companies during three years, a quantitative content analysis has been made to test the potential influence of several factors on the adoption and diffusion process of the CSR strategies: the belonging to a business sector, the existence of a French conception of CSR, and the corporate executives’ profiles. Underlined with a literature review and several exploratory works, these factors, considering our results, seem to influence the level of responsible involvement and the thematic content in the reports. All things considered, this work brings to light the micro and macroeconomics factors which can influence the responsible implication of the companies. The methodology of quantitative content analysis also offers the opportunity to develop a model which helps reading the information of sustainable reporting, demanded by the article 116 of the NRE law in France, and permitting to highlight the priorities of the contents published, for the companies and their stakeholders
Malki, Tarik el. "Environnement des entreprises, responsabilité sociale et performance : analyse empirique dans le cas du Maroc." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aims to study the potential link existing between the different environments of Moroccan manufacturing firms, external (institutional and regulatory) as well as internal (relationships with stakeholders), and their economic and financial performance measured by profitability ratios. The general context of the study is the openness of Moroccan’s borders to European’s products in 2012, and the signature of the “Advanced statute” with European Union (EU) in 2008. In consequence of this, Moroccans firms will have to compete with European firms, which will impact their competitiveness, profitability and efficiency. The investment climate (IC) can therefore play an important role. In addition to that, Moroccanfirms will have to comply with European norms in terms of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility (CSR). In the first part of our study, we aim to identify the determining factors of the IC that impact the economic and financial performance of Moroccan firm. The results show that the taxation (in term of conformity) has a positive impact on performance while the fiscal’s iniquity has a negative effect. In addition, the disloyal informal sector competition has a negative impact on firms’ performance. The regulatory environment plays a role in a sense that firm’s performance is negatively associated with firm’s activity constraints, but positively related to firm’s export administrative constraints. Our results show also non significant link with the financing. In the second part, we measure the social and environmental engagement of Moroccan’s firms based on a measure of corporate social performance (CSP) created from perceptual data. We verified then the potential link existing between this CSP measure and the financialperformance. The results show that no consensus toward a theory is emerging: the stakeholder’s theory is validated for the social dimension (relation with employees) of CSP while the “classic” theory is validated for the other dimensions (environment, etc.). At last, the social commitment of Moroccan’s firms toward their employees seems to be an important dimension of the CSR, while the other dimensions are not
Alzahrani, Yahya. "La responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises en Arabie saoudite : approche de droit international." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829090.
Повний текст джерелаMouniq, Pierre-Jean. "Les systèmes de contrôle de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises : Réalités, déterminants et performances." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090033.
Повний текст джерелаThe term sustainable development is today, at least in France, familiar to the general public. It was used, explained and adapted by several actors in society. The government, the media and NGOs are now carrying this concept, which generates multiple pressures on the company to modify its behavior. The company must become more accountable. But beyond words, what does it do? Does it adapt its structures, its information system or its culture in terms of constraints? Are there different types of control systems? If so, why they occur and what are their impacts on corporate performances? To answer these questions, we will build a contingency model and we will offer a typology of corporate social responsibility control systems. This typology will allow to describe and to explain the corporate social responsibility control systems of the major European companies
Pestre, Florent. "Une approche processuelle de construction des stratégies de responsabilité sociale des entreprises multinationales françaises." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090041.
Повний текст джерелаInternational corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an emerging field of research and little empirical research has been carried out to date. The aim of this research is to study the process of CSR strategy construction and to expand the headquarters-subsidiary relationships field of research. The research method is qualitative. The thesis rests on the Danone and Lafarge case studies including their respective Poland and South African subsidiaries. Monographs relate different phases in the construction of the CSR strategies and three main processes emerge. These processes are : led by the headquarters, initiated by the subsidiary, and interactive. Three peripheral cases (Renault, Total and Suez) feed the results of the two central cases and build up the process analysis. One result of this research is the role of four key actors, which are: the ‘leader’ and the ‘sponsor’ at the headquarters, the ‘champion’ at the level of the branch or the zone, and the ‘responsible entrepreneur’ in the subsidiary. The role of the ‘champion’ is emphasized as he holds the decision making power: the champion turns the CSR strategy into an ordinary management issue
Zalio, Pierre-Paul. "Sociologie historique d'un patronat urbain : marseille, 1880-1970. familles, entreprises, formation sociale et territoire." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0079.
Повний текст джерелаOur study focuses on the sociology of one of the main industrial families in marseilles. Indebted to both french social history and the sociology of elites, through the analysis of a particuliar form of family capitalism, we give an acount of an industrial failure and of a special form of urban leadership. On the field, we study the failure of the oil industry. We sharply look at six family groups. In this respect, we analyse the links between technical innovations, investments, mergings and matrimonial choices. On that occasion, we'll study from an ethnological point of view all that makes the "culture bourgeoise" and end up at an analysis of "social genealogies" on all the period (1880-1970) in order to focuse on the economic and social reconversion of this bourgeoisie
Engelspach, Géraldine. "Licenciements économiques et responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50374-2005-7.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBELHADI, NADJIB. "Contribution a l'analyse des facteurs explicatifs de l'efficacite economique et sociale des entreprises publiques algeriennes." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN11016.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of our research is to demonstrate that economic and social effectiveness of algerian public firms is determined by variables which characterize managerial activity such as size. Strategy, environment, dependance with others organizations and managerial process ( strategic planning and strategic control ). Our research is based on a contingent approach insofar as we try to find the conditions that parmit the existence of a significant positive correlation between context variables, process variables and economic and social effectiveness of algerian public firms. Our research used both deductive and inductive methods and consisted of four phases : 1- an extensive analysis of general theories of organizational effectiveness in order to define a new conceptuel framework of organizational effectiveness : 2- the determination of explanatory and multivaried model : 3- the identification of the dimensions and indicators of organizational effectiveness through algerian public manager's judgements : 4- the construction of multivaried causalitv networks
Taleb, Badreddine. "Les motivations d’engagement des entreprises dans la responsabilité sociale : le cas du secteur industriel algérien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1116/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of the compagnies have not stopped evolving. Traditionally profit maximization was considered as the ultimate goal of any business activity. Today, managers declined several alternative objectives such as long term profit rather than short one, brand, or respect for the environment, Boiral (2006). Thus, to identify the corporate commitments motivations into the social responsibility (CSR), we investigated all literature on the subject, based on the analysis of multi- level framework identified by Wood (1991). This study has allowed us to establish a research model on three levels, which explains the motivations of corporate commitments to CSR. This research model has been tested on 94 companies operating in the Algerian industrial sector. The results partly confirmed our hypotheses. Therefore, the compagnies voluntary commitment in CSR is explained by the idealistic values of the entrepreneur, the reduction of production costs, the anticipation of the legislation, competitive advantage, the state subsidy and the company size
Ligonie, Marion. "Contrôle de gestion et développement durable : la responsabilité sociale des entreprises à travers l'approche pratique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESEC0004.
Повний текст джерелаThe research project presented in this document enriches our understanding of these questions by unbundling the micro-level activities and socio-material dynamics underpinning the use of control tools in CSR implementation. Its key originality comes from a long-term ethnographic study in a French gambling company, which provided an in-depth empirical knowledge about what happened in this organization as a CSR policy was executed. Through spending one year with the CSR team, interviews with managers organization-wide, participant observations and access to documents, I was able to grasp a detailed insight into the multiple facets of organizing dynamics surrounding CSR, such as the everyday activities of CSR managers, the development and use of CSR control tools by various actors, CSR's impacts on managers' practices and at the organizational level, and collective dynamics spawned by this new organizational practice. This dissertation also brings novelty to the management control for sustainability research area by adopting a practice-based perspective. Although its potential for understanding control processes has been put forth in previous research (Ahrens and Chapman, 2007; Nama and Lowe, 2014), this lens remains relatively unexplored in the study of management control for CSR1 (Bebbington and Fraser, 2014). Yet, this approach can shed new light on this question because it foregrounds the performative role of artefacts. Its inquiry can highlight how tools are enacted to construct and maintain practices, and how this affects organizing processes. Therefore, it appears fruitful for the study of CSR implementation dynamics because it accounts for the relationality, complexity and ambiguity of organizational phenomena (Feldman and Orlikowski, 2011). The purpose of this introduction is to present and problematize the various literatures articulated in the project (namely, CSR, management control and practice-based perspectives). It clarifies the research question and the angles through which this research has tackled it. It exposes the structure of this document and introduces its constitutive chapters
Stekelorum, Rébecca. "La responsabilité sociale des PME dans la chaîne logistique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD003.
Повний текст джерелаRecent years have seen a considerable increase in the literature concerning the separate areas of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, little scholarly attention has been paid on the link between the two from a small and-medium sized enterprise (SME) perspective Therefore, this research aims to provide a better understanding of the engagement of SMEs in CSR practices in their supply chains. This thesis, through three articles, investigates the following research question : How does the SME adopt CSR practices through suppliers and customers pressures and extend its practices in the supply chain ?In the first chapter, using a structural equation modeling approach and data collected from 273 SMEs, our findings indicate that institutional pressures exerted by supply chain partners influence differently the level of CSR practices in SMEs. Notably, the study demonstrates that coercive pressures have no significant influence on CSR practices, whereas mimetic and normative pressures influence positively and significantly the level of CSR practices. Furthermore, the positive influence of normative pressures on CSR practices is stronger for SMEs situated downstream in their supply chain, whereas SMEs in further upstream positions are those which are sensitive to mimetic pressures for their environmental, human resources and marketplace practices.In the second chapter, based on a multiple-case study examining six triadic relationships, our study reveals that SMEs use “co-evolving” or “reflexive control” capabilities to extend CSR to the SME first-tier supplier. The findings reveal that, in contrast, SMEs use “active delegation”, “supply chain re-conceptualization” capabilities or a “don’t bother” approach to extend CSR to the SME second-tier supplier.Finally, the third chapter indicates using a systematic literature review that SMEs can undertake four roles in implementing CSR in the supply chain. We also identify the SMEs characteristics and the contingency factors that are related to the different roles of SMEs.This thesis contributes to fill the gap in literature by demonstrating the variety of pressures SMEs face in their supply chain, the mechanisms they use to extend CSR beyond the first-tier supplier, and the crucial role they play in the development of a sustainable supply chain
Romano, Isabelle. "L'évaluation du personnel : Analyse psychosociale des dysfonctionnements des procédures d'évaluation annuelle dans les organisations." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30018.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is about the analysis of the annual appraisal practices in organisations, and has three objectives: - the understanding of complex reality because of the multiplicity of the parties involved - the estimation of the practices efficiency - analysis of dysfunction a paradigm that explains the building of social reality is the fist step of a theoretical frame based on the psychology of organisations, inspired by systemic, and against determinism. We focus on the dynamic and contingent nature of appraisal practices. The definition of six interdependent levels: values, organisational context. Interaction, individual, methodology, techniques, allows the identification of problematic axes in order to analyse the dysfunction. Two field studies lead to the analysis of both a rational model and a contractual one in a natural context. Today, the first model gathers a lot of critics, and the second is shown as a better option. The study of a highway company (1626 employees), confirmed that bureaucratic assessment has little added value (rational model). It also allowed to identify the difficulties of appraisal procedures using interviews (one-to-one) according to a contractual model. The study of a multinational computer company (61500 employees, among whom 396 are located on the studied site), we observed similar difficulties in the of appraisal interview process. In both studies, the difficulties are mainly linked to the contingency of the organisational context, and in particular, to the reward of achievements, this independently to the distortions due to the cognitive character of evaluation. Appraisal is a contingent human building in a given context, so people must before wonder about the organisation's specificity and restraints. In consequence, a formal technical or methodological questioning becomes secondary
Nguihé, Kanté Pascal. "Entreprises commerciales et droits fondamentaux : contribution à l'étude des particularismes au regard des droits français et camerounais." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30002.
Повний текст джерелаThe thrust of this study is whether business enterprises can adapt to human rights. In other words, can we say that the specific needs of the business world stamp their mark on the nature or the regulations of basic human rights? This issue is examined from two angles in this study. Firstly, business enterprises can be viewed more and more as subject to human rights in the same way as a natural person because of their status. Consequently, they can equally cite to their advantage the applicability of standards relating to human rights. However, it is not always certain that the special nature of certain human rights, highly attached to the human being, may really find a favourable ground when the one citing it is a business concern. But this does not at all detract from the interest of this issue. Secondly, the issue is less discussed when we have to consider the business concern as a framework for the exercise of human rights. In this respect, it is considered that human rights must not be left at the doorstep of business concerns and that the different basic laws on salaried employees and citizen workers must be equally guaranteed here. But this does not rule out the fact that some of these laws may be affected due to the need to protect the interest of business enterprises. Up to this point, the sacred nature of these laws only authorizes such infringements on the condition that they are absolutely necessary and proportionate to the desired goal. It seems such is the issue of the relations between business enterprises and human rights in French and Cameroonian Law. But there are many differences concerning the effectivity of the law in the two countries. The situation is better in French system comparating to Cameroonian Law