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Статті в журналах з теми "Perequativa"
Micelli, Ezio. "Modelli di perequazione tra piano strutturale e operativo." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 96 (September 2010): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2009-096005.
Повний текст джерелаBrugnano, Carmela, Giuseppe Ferraina, Andrea Ferri, Larysa Minzyuk, and Felice Russo. "Federalismo municipale e nuovo sistema perequativo: il Fondo di solidarietà comunale 2016." ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, no. 2 (March 2018): 93–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ep2017-002005.
Повний текст джерелаSartorio, Gianluigi, and Fulvia Pinto. "L'applicazione diffusa del principio perequativo per la tutela attiva del paesaggio nel Pgt." TERRITORIO, no. 49 (July 2009): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2009-049013.
Повний текст джерелаMILHAUD, Edgard. "A method of combatting the homing shortage. The Perequation of Rents." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2007): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1948.tb00641.x.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Pedro Matias. "Aplicação de princípios perequativos em áreas de riscos naturais: um caso de estudo." RevCEDOUA 11, no. 22 (2008): 103–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-2387_22_4.
Повний текст джерелаZimmermann, Willi, and Alexander Widmer. "Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2008 | Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2008." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0105.
Повний текст джерелаZimmermann, Willi. "Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2009 | Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2009." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0161.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Perequativa"
Di, Lieto Pasquale. "La conformazione proprietaria nella pianificazione perequativa." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2353.
Повний текст джерелаThis study examines the equalisation as an alternative planning method to the zoning, and at the same time as a strategic objective for the public administration. In the absence of a legislative framework, either national or regional, there is not a reference model for equalisation which it is, thus, subject to plural and flexible interpretations. In this context, the praetorian law substitutes the legislator, and legitimizing municipal techniques and plans. The equalisation technique is not free from the discretionary power of the municipality, in accordance with territorial, functional and legislative autonomy. The research aims to identify which are the limits and the evaluation and operating parameters of territorial planning, particularly in relation to the result to be achieved: the substantial equality between the owners, allowing a balanced development of the city services. Preliminary objective is to allocate the rules regulating equalisation in the right normative sources. The legal vacuum is eroded from the "bottom" by the joint public-private exercise of planning in a view of power contractualisation. It is the local public administration which should bind itself, preparing its "own" rules. Detected the functional and hierarchical inadequacy of the rules contained in local urban planning, it is the municipal statute, as sub-prime legislative source, within its competences, which can ensure the required warranties to private property, through the provision of upstream rules , which contain technical, economic and quality standards to be applied to the municipal equalisation method. The proposed legal framework has a double effect, on one hand, it creates a planning method with stable rules, on the other, it provides more guarantees to the private sector in the "vertical" relationship with he local authority, owner of conformative power of property. [edited by Author]
XIV n.s.
Gagliano, Filippo. "GIS come nuovo strumento progettuale per l'innovazione, il cambiamento e lo sviluppo delle politiche del piano perequativo." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/927.
Повний текст джерелаAlmeida, José Pedro Vieira de. "A perequação dos benefícios e encargos: do plano director municipal ao plano de pormenor." Master's thesis, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/15606.
Повний текст джерелаEog, Jean-Claude. "La perequation financiere et fiscale effectuee au profit des collectivites locales francaises : un facteur de renforcement de l'autonomie financiere locale et de dynamisation de l'amenagement du territoire." Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIMD005.
Повний текст джерелаThe financial relations which exist between the state and local communities and among local communities themselves in france express tensions which exist among the principles equality, national solidarity, national unity, the free administration of local communities and financial autonomy. In this thesis our aim is to show that the introduction of the "financial and fiscal perequation" in local finances leads to the reinforcement of local financial autonomy and to dynamisation of territorial development. After the definition of this concept, we show reasons why it must be applied. The study of examples of resources distribution, those of germany, switzerland and the usa, shows that the practice of the concept is likewise in all the western countries. This concept of "financial and fiscal perequation derives from that of perequation, which came from the latin " perequare" and means to equalise. Ancient, juridical even "scholar", its appeared in ordinary french in the eighteenth century, event if they already used it in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the sense of "equitable repartition of taxes". Before being a word, perequation is an administrative and fiscal technique. In public financial books of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, people used it about territorial taxes, to quality solutions to be adopted, to lighten the effects of inequality of fiscal treatment between territories and the taxe-payers. In the indexes, jurisprudence production or contemporary juridical data, they used it in civil service law and in that of administrative exams to mark, in military and civil old age pensions. In these cases, they modified the amounts to reduce the differences, in order to introduce more equality. That is why, in our opinion, we must speak, in the domain of local finances, of "financial and fiscal perequation". In fact, the mechanisms created to introduce more equality among local communities produce either them financial resources or fiscal ones or both of them at the same time
Colonnelli, De Gasperis Mattia. "Le azioni correlate.Tracking Stocks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3667.
Повний текст джерелаIl lavoro ha ad oggetto l’istituto giuridico delle azioni correlate o di settore (già noto e diffuso in ordinamenti stranieri con il nome tracking stocks e tracking shares), introdotto nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano dalla recente riforma di diritto societario al fine di rendere le forme di finanziamento della società per azioni più efficienti, flessibili e maggiormente adatte alle esigenze degli investitori e dei mercati di capitali. Tale strumento di partecipazione azionaria offre l’opportunità di un investimento remunerato secondo la produttività di uno specifico settore dell’attività esercitata dalla società emittente. Ai sensi del novellato art. 2350, comma 2, c.c., le azioni correlate sono, infatti, “azioni fornite di diritti patrimoniali correlati ai risultati dell’attività sociale in un determinato settore”. Lo studio si apre con l’analisi delle ragioni economico-finanziarie sottostanti l’emissione di tracking stocks, soffermandosi sul diversification discount, la corporate governance, l’asimmetria informativa, le operazioni straordinarie di ristrutturazione aziendale, i particolari equilibri nell’ambito di compagini complesse, l’incentivazione ai managers, la predisposizione di poison pills in caso di scalate ostili. Il precedente storico dell’istituto risale al 1984 quando General Motors al fine di acquisire Electronic Data System attribuì agli azionisti di quest’ultima azioni correlate al core business della medesima società acquisita. La prima operazione europea di ammissione alla quotazione di azioni correlate è avvenuta in Francia nel 2000, anno in cui Alcatel S.A. collocava sul premier marchè azioni correlate all’attività della società controllata Alcatel Optronics. In Italia, le tre società chiuse AIMAG S.p.A. (2006), ATAF S.p.A. (2005) e Friulia S.p.A. (2005) e l’investment company quotata Cape Live S.p.A. (2007) hanno emesso azioni correlate. Vengono approfonditi, tra l’altro, l’ambito di applicabilità dell’istituto, con particolare riguardo alla definizione di settore, alle divisional tracking stocks ed alle subsidiary tracking stocks, e la correlazione dei diritti patrimoniali ai risultati di un settore specifico di attività sociale esercitata dall’emittente (correlazione in senso forte, o close tracking, e correlazione in senso debole, o loose tracking), quale elemento minimo e caratterizzante tale categoria azionaria. Si conclude che sul piano strutturale e funzionale il risultato del settore rappresenta il parametro quantitativo, il criterio, relativo o assoluto, fisso o variabile, per il calcolo della parte di risultato di esercizio di spettanza delle azioni correlate. Sono analizzati, poi, i diritti patrimoniali tipici delle azioni correlate, quali il diritto agli utili, la partecipazione alle perdite ed il diritto alla quota di liquidazione, e i diritti amministrativi, quali il diritto di voto in assemblea generale ed in assemblea speciale, anche nel contesto dell’autonomia statutaria. Il lavoro prosegue con la trattazione del tema dell’accertamento del risultato di settore e delle modalità di rendicontazione da inserirsi all’interno dello statuto. Si argomenta che il risultato di settore non può considerarsi concetto giuridico e/o contabile predefinito e non rappresenta il contenuto del diritto patrimoniale dell’azionista, ma solo un parametro di commisurazione dello stesso, in funzione del criterio di correlazione prescelto. Viene trattato, inoltre, il diritto di conversione delle azioni correlate in azioni ordinarie come meccanismo di exit, funzionale a disciplinare la sorte delle azioni correlate al verificarsi di predeterminati eventi o condizioni. Si esaminano le clausole di conversione ricorrenti nella prassi internazionale, di cui si verifica la compatibilità con l'ordinamento italiano. Infine, vengono identificate le nuove criticità di corporate governance cui le azioni correlate danno luogo, come ad esempio le nuove conflittualità orizzontali tra i soci relative all’allocazione di risorse, delle opportunità d’affari (corporate opportunities), delle spese e dei costi comuni. In tale contesto si forniscono alcuni standards di condotta che gli amministratori di società multi settoriali devono seguire, onde evitare di incorrere in responsabilità verso la società, i soci o i creditori sociali. In tale contesto, si parte dalla constatazione di carattere economico per cui l’impresa multi settoriale è accostabile al fenomeno del gruppo di società ovvero dell’imprenditore-persona fisica o comunque soggetto che abbia rilevanti interessi economici in altre imprese, individuali o collettive. E’ interesse comune a tutti gli azionisti sia che la società mantenga un sano equilibrio economico e finanziario sia che la società venga gestita, nel suo complesso, in modo efficiente. Nel caso in cui la società è insolvente perdono tutti i soci. Una gestione economicamente efficiente conduce alla massimizzazione del valore aggregato delle azioni, cui corrisponde la massimizzazione del valore di ciascuna categoria di azioni, cuore della teoria del c.d. shareholder value. In tale prospettiva l'attenzione si sposta necessariamente sulle modalità gestionali. Infatti, tale interesse comune può essere perseguito esclusivamente attraverso una continua e costante azione perequativa da parte degli amministratori volta ad armonizzare ed ottimizzare il funzionamento particolare di ciascun settore con quello degli altri.
XXII Ciclo
1975
Ramalho, António Antunes. "A perequação financeira com referência aos municípios: dos alvores da nacionalidade à atual lei das finanças locais." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/50260.
Повний текст джерелаCom a presente dissertação, visamos obter uma melhor compreensão do sistema de financiamento das autarquias locais, mormente dos municípios, no âmbito da justa repartição dos rendimentos entre o Estado e as demais entidades públicas, nos termos prescritos pelo nº 1, do artº 103º, da CRP. No fundo, vamos procurar saber em que consistem e como atuam os mecanismos perequativos, tanto na sua dimensão vertical como horizontal. Para tanto, partiremos da configuração dos concelhos nos primórdios da nacionalidade e analisaremos a sua evolução e desenvolvimento ao longo dos séculos, registando os avanços e recuos observados em termos da sua autonomia e os reflexos daí decorrentes, sob o ponto de vista tributário. Iremos olhar com alguma atenção para o período Liberal e para as reformas legislativas de MOUZINHO DA SILVEIRA, tanto em termos de organização administrativa, como em termos da pretensa autonomia financeira dos municípios, com especial enfoque no sistema de tributos e impostos, à luz da velha querela entre tributação direta e tributação indireta. Não deixaremos de analisar o período histórico correspondente à 1ª República e de nos debruçarmos sobre as consequências económicas e sociais a que a entrada do País na 1ª Grande Guerra nos conduziu, com o elevado nível de depauperamento do Estado e das populações daí resultante. Também o Estado Novo irá merecer a nossa atenção, cuja afirmação e desenvolvimento procuraremos seguir, sem descurar as relações entre o poder estadual e o poder local, nomeadamente em termos da sua autonomia ou dependência, desde logo financeira, por via da concessão de eventuais subvenções ou de outros instrumentos contributivos. Chegados a Abril de 1974, centraremos a nossa atenção nos mecanismos perequativos e no seu modo de funcionamento, com vista a indagarmos da sua justeza, a partir dos resultados obtidos, observados estes no contexto da sua aplicação à realidade dos diferentes entes infraestaduais. Tal exercício, ajudar-nos-á a perceber até que ponto as situações de dificuldades financeiras ou de rutura financeira de alguns municípios, radicam mais em debilidades estruturais que lhe são próprias, ou numa gestão menos cuidada e rigorosa dos recursos disponíveis. Por fim, apresentaremos as nossas sugestões em jeito de contributo para o enriquecimento qualitativo do poder local.
With this dissertation, we seek to obtain a better understanding of the financing system of the local autarquies, mostly the municipalities, in the context of the fair distribution of income between the State and other public entities, under the terms prescribed by the first item of the article 103 of the CRP. Essentially, we will try to find out what the perequation mechanisms are and how they work, both in their vertical and horizontal dimensions. To do so, we will start from the configuration of the counties in the beginnings of nationality and analyze their evolution and development over several centuries, noting the advances and setbacks observed in terms of their autonomy and the resulting repercussions from the tax point of view. We will throughly check the Liberal period and the legislative reorganizations of MOUZINHO DA SILVEIRA, both in terms of administrative organization and in terms of the alleged financial autonomy of municipalities, with a special focus on the taxes and taxation system, in light of the old quarrel between direct taxation and indirect taxation. We won’t fail to analyze the historical period corresponding to the First Republic and to look at the economic and social consequences to which the country's participation in the First World War led, with the high level of impoverishment of the State and the populations that followed. The “Estado Novo” will also earn our attention, whose affirmation and development we will seek to follow, without neglecting the relations between state power and local power, in particular in terms of their autonomy or dependency, financially, through the granting of possible subsidies or other contributive instruments. When we get to April 1974, we will focus our attention on the perequation mechanisms and their way of functioning, in order to inquire about their correctness, based on the results obtained, observed in the context of their application to the reality of the different entities below the state. Such exercise will help us to understand the extent to which situations of financial difficulties or financial disruption in some municipalities are more due to their structural weaknesses or to a less careful and rigorous management of available resources. Finally, we will present our suggestions as a contribution to the qualitative enrichment of local power.
Crupi, Francesco. "Modelli perequativi e meccanismi attuativi. Perequazione e innovazione nel piano urbanistico locale." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1122927.
Повний текст джерелаThis research addresses complex issues relating to the innovative aspects of the local urban plan, and makes particular reference to the analysis of equalization models and implementation mechanisms. In the past forty years, the discrepancy between the predicted and the actual results of urban planning has become so great as to raise doubts about the very need for or usefulness of the plan itself. The underlying causes of the current situation are the substantial inadequacies in the implementation procedures envisaged in national legislation, which essentially depend on a system of expropriation, and the incapacity and inertia of successive governments, which have failed to propose alternative solutions that would also entail a reform of property law. The distortions of the current model of urban planning derive from the co-existence of two (conflicting) types of property law, which are the source of the current state of disequilibrium and the unequal treatment of property owners. Overcoming these distortions not only implies the active promotion of “alternative solutions” to the way in which urban development is financed, planned and managed, but, above all, necessitates a complete overhaul of planning mechanisms along with the imposition of a solution that guarantees equality of treatment, juridical certitude and operational flexibility. An analysis of the chief problems that have emerged in the ongoing theoretical and specialist debate reveals a situation that is highly complex, nuanced, and full of contradictions and ambiguities. An examination of the question must steer a middle course between strongly held beliefs in integration and separation, and between opposing views about equalization. A proper analysis must therefore take the time to consider the plethora of interpretations, relations and significations, and recognize that whatever model of equalization is chosen, it must derive from and refer to: the peculiarities of each area, the form and structure of the development, strictly local factors and planning conditions, as well as economic and political aspects, all of which make up elements in the complex reality of urban development today. With this recognition as our point of departure, the main goals of our research should be to outline new categories of analysis and enquiry, make evaluative overviews and carry out forward planning with a view to developing an equalization procedure – i.e., we must identify the logical structures that underpin equalization, so that, irrespective of which particular model of equalization is chosen to fit the needs of a given development context, by following a flexible and interdisciplinary approach we can arrive at a strategy that is consistent with principles of fair distribution and justice and guarantees efficient and effective development, environmental sustainability and environmental protection
Книги з теми "Perequativa"
Perongini, Sergio. Profili giuridici della pianificazione urbanistica perequativa. Milano: Giuffrè, 2005.
Знайти повний текст джерелаUrbanistica solidale: Alla ricerca della giustizia perequativa tra proprietà e interessi pubblici. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 2011.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMureden, Enrico Al. Nuove prospettive di tutela del coniuge debole: Funzione perequativa dell'assegno divorzile e famiglia destrutturata. [Milano]: IPSOA, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаStruttura e forma del piano urbanistico comunale perequativo: Lezioni a Napoli, Perugia, Cosenza, Savona, Castrovillari. Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2005.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLa perequation financiere entre les collectivites locales: Colloque international "A la recherche de la perequation", 12-13 octobre 1995 a Limoges (Travaux et recherches du G.R.A.L.E). Presses universitaires de France, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Perequativa"
Carvalho, Jorge. "Renda fundiária, ordenamento e perequação." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7889.
Повний текст джерела