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1
Vidal, Pierre-Paul, and Francesco Lacquaniti. "Perceptual-motor styles." Experimental Brain Research 239, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 1359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06049-0.
Анотація:
AbstractEven for a stereotyped task, sensorimotor behavior is generally variable due to noise, redundancy, adaptability, learning or plasticity. The sources and significance of different kinds of behavioral variability have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the idea that part of this variability depends on unique individual strategies has been explored to a lesser extent. In particular, the notion of style recurs infrequently in the literature on sensorimotor behavior. In general use, style refers to a distinctive manner or custom of behaving oneself or of doing something, especially one that is typical of a person, group of people, place, context, or period. The application of the term to the domain of perceptual and motor phenomenology opens new perspectives on the nature of behavioral variability, perspectives that are complementary to those typically considered in the studies of sensorimotor variability. In particular, the concept of style may help toward the development of personalised physiology and medicine by providing markers of individual behaviour and response to different stimuli or treatments. Here, we cover some potential applications of the concept of perceptual-motor style to different areas of neuroscience, both in the healthy and the diseased. We prefer to be as general as possible in the types of applications we consider, even at the expense of running the risk of encompassing loosely related studies, given the relative novelty of the introduction of the term perceptual-motor style in neurosciences.
2
Corrie, Loraine, and Caroline Barratt-Pugh. "Perceptual-Motor Programs do not Facilitate Development: Why not Play?" Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 22, no. 1 (March 1997): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919702200107.
Анотація:
A recent survey in Western Australia indicated that many early childhood teachers are using perceptual-motor programs as a preventative as well as remedial measure. This has raised a number of issues that are of concern. First, analysis of recent research findings suggest that the positive effects of perceptual-motor programs are minimal. Second, it is argued that the resourcing of these programs is diverting funds which are needed to identify and investigate more effective educational strategies. Third, the relationship between the rationale of perceptual-motor programs and the Australian Early Childhood Association's Code of Ethics is rendered problematic. In response to these concerns, play is discussed as an alternative and effective means of developing perceptual-motor skills, in a way that recognises and builds on individual needs.
3
Byrne, Jani Gabriel, and Nancy S. Anderson. "Training Effects on Response Strategies in a Perceptual Motor Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 8 (October 1985): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502900805.
Анотація:
This study examined the influence of training on individual differences in time-sharing response strategies for a dual-task. Using early performance measures in a dual-task, subjects were classified on Day 1 as performing in either a simultaneous, alternating, or massed fashion. On Day 2, subjects received training instructions to either upgrade or maintain their particular response strategy. The results indicated that training was successful in the majority of the cases. Close inspection of performance revealed that subjects who were not able to achieve simultaneity had learned the dual-task response pattern, but were responding too slowly.
4
casey, michael b. "developmental systems, evolutionarily stable strategies, and population laterality." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 4 (August 2005): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05250100.
Анотація:
multiple endogenous and exogenous prenatal influences interact to form a system that induces the development of individual lateralization across a range of perceptual and motor abilities in precocial birds. as these influences are nearly invariant for all species members, they produce a phylogenetic influence that creates high levels of population laterality and social cohesion in the postnatal state.
5
Rubinstein, Jason, Cordelia Aitkin, and Eileen Kowler. "Perceptual and motor strategies for integrating information across graphs and accompanying text." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.931.
6
Wójcik, Magdalena. "Strategies for Supporting the Development of Manual Skills in Preschool and Early School Age Children." Studia Edukacyjne, no. 63 (November 15, 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/se.2021.63.11.
Анотація:
The development of fine motor skills in preschool and early school age children is a difficult and long process, and its disturbance may not only lead to serious problems with the process of drawing or writing, but also disrupt the purely academical learning. That is why it is so important to take into account the overall effects of improving manual skills, the specificity of the child’s perceptual and motor functioning at a given stage of development and to respect the key elements of the diagnostic and improvement strategy.
7
Wu, Chaozhong, Wenhui Chu, Hui Zhang, and Türker Özkan. "Interactions between Driving Skills on Aggressive Driving: Study among Chinese Drivers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 31 (October 14, 2018): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118755683.
Анотація:
Aggressive driving has attracted significant attention recently with the increase in related road traffic collisions occurring in China. This study aims to investigate the effect of driving skills on aggressive driving behaviors and traffic accidents to find implications for traffic safety improvement in China. A total of 735 Chinese drivers were recruited to complete a self-reported survey including demographic information, the translated Driver Skill Inventory (DSI), and Driver Aggression Indicator Scale (DAIS). Exploratory factor analysis was first conducted to investigate the factor structures of DSI and DAIS among Chinese drivers. Unlike the two-factor solution (i.e., perceptual-motor and safety skills) found in other studies, the current study result revealed a three-factor solution (i.e., perceptual-motor, safety, and emotional control skills) of DSI. Then, the interaction between DSI factors on DAIS factors, demographic variables, and the number of self-reported traffic accidents and offenses was tested by using moderated regression methods. The results revealed the interaction between perceptual-motor skills and safety skills on aggressive warnings committed by drivers themselves. The interactive effect between safety skills and emotional control skills on perceived aggressive warnings was also found. The results suggested that higher ratings of safety skills are essential for buffering the effect of high-level perceptual-motor skills and emotional control skills on aggressive driving in China. In conclusion, policy makers should be interested in understanding the effect of Chinese drivers’ skills on the aggression drivers committed and conceived in traffic. Successful intervention strategies should include all skill factors in the driver training contents.
8
MARTÍNEZ, Paulina Yesica OCHOA. "Pedagogical Strategies for Gross and Fine Motor Skills Learning Through Physical Education: Intervention in Students with Hearing Impairment." Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial 26, no. 4 (October 2020): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-54702020v26e0063.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a program that used pedagogical strategies for gross and fine motor skills learning through Physical Education in students with hearing impairment. Fifteen students diagnosed with hearing impairment, with 7.7 ± .3 years old (men n = 9 and women n = 6), took part in a five-month program of 40 Physical Education sessions with pedagogical strategies for gross and fine motor skills learning, in which they communicated through the Mexican Sign Language. The Battelle Developmental Inventory was utilized before and after the program to measure tests of body coordination, locomotion, fine motor skills and perceptual ability, which determine gross and fine motor skills scores. Statistical analysis was performed using the student’s t-test for related samples, reporting significant differences in the gross motor skills score (p = .001) and fine motor skills score (p = .001) before and after the intervention. The percentage change was of 21.1 Δ% and 19.2 Δ% respectively. Participation for five months in a Physical Education program positively influences gross and fine motor skills coordination in students with hearing impairment.
9
Lin, Lisa P. Y., and Sally A. Linkenauger. "Perceiving action boundaries for overhead reaching in a height-related situation." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 83, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 2331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02293-2.
Анотація:
AbstractTo successfully interact within our environment, individuals need to learn the maximum extent (or minimum) over which they can perform actions, popularly referred to as action boundaries. Because people learn such boundaries over time from perceptual motor feedback across different contexts, both environmental and physiological, the information upon which action boundaries are based must inherently be characterised by variability. With respect to reaching, recent work suggests that regardless of the type of variability present in their perceptual-motor experience, individuals favoured a liberal action boundary for horizontal reaching. However, the ways in which action boundaries are determined following perceptual-motor variability could also vary depending on the environmental context as well as the type of reach employed. The present research aimed to established whether the perceptual system utilises the same strategy for all types of reaches over different contexts. Participants estimated their overhead reachability following experience reaching with either a long or a short virtual arm, or a virtual arm that varied in length – while standing on the edge of a rooftop or standing on the ground. Results indicated that while similar strategies were used to determine action boundaries in both height- and non-height-related context, participants were significantly more conservative with their reachability estimates in the height-related context. Participants were sensitive to the probabilistic information associated with different arm’s reach they have experienced during the calibration phase, and used a weighted average of reaching experience to determine their action boundary under conditions of uncertainty.
10
Salis Hijriyani, Yuli, and Fenty Andriani. "Learning Strategies for Early Children with Special Needs." AJMIE: Alhikam Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Education 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32478/ajmie.v1i1.535.
Анотація:
This article is intended to reveal the importance of learning strategies for children with special needs. The results of literature review show that there are some learning strategies that can be used in the teaching and learning process for children with special needs. Those learning strategies cover: First, perceptual-motor training, such as training the ability to distinguish shapes, symbols, letters, etc. and training on the ability to remember. Second, auditive, such as training children to distinguish consonant and vowel sounds. Third, modeling which is a learning activity by following the styles of others as a model and being able to imitate the behavior of teachers or parents.
11
Hergenrather, Kenneth C., Diona Emmanuel, Maureen McGuire-Kuletz, and Scott D. Rhodes. "Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Neurocognitive Function and Employment Status." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 32, no. 2 (June 2018): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.32.2.101.
Анотація:
Purpose:To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between neurocognitive function and employment status.Method:The authors explored the causal relationship between employment status and neurocognitive function by conducting a systematic review of 15 longitudinal studies. The identified studies were conducted in Australia, Denmark, Norway, and the United States.Results:Five neurocognitive function domains were identified (i.e., complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function) across diagnosis (i.e., bipolar disorder, first-episode psychosis, human immunodeficiency virus, major depression, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury). Unemployment was correlated with poorer attention, executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function, and language. Employment was correlated with better attention, executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function.Conclusion:The acknowledgment of the relationship between neurocognitive function and employment status can assist service providers in assessing and developing strategies to enhance and maintain employment outcomes. The assessment of neurocognitive function could be further explored by identifying standard measures and assessment timelines to assess the six domains across diagnosis. Vocational rehabilitation services could integrate cognitive interventions (cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive enhancement therapy, cognitive remediation) to explore the effect on neurocognitive function and employment outcomes. Further longitudinal research studies are needed, for both persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities, to elucidate the relationship between employment status and neurocognitive function.
12
Agostini, Tiziano, Fabrizio Sors, Mauro Murgia, and Alessandra Galmonte. "Enhancing Perceptual—Motor Skills in Sports: The Role of Ecological Sounds." Journal of Intelligence 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12020015.
Анотація:
Starting approximately from the beginning of the new millennium, a series of studies highlighted that auditory information deriving from biological motion can significantly influence the behavioral, cognitive and neurophysiological processes involved in the perception and execution of complex movements. In particular, it was observed that an appropriate use of sounds deriving from one’s own movement promotes improvements in the movement execution itself. Two main approaches can be used, namely the sonification one or the ecological sound one; the former is based on the conversion of physiological and/or physical movement data into sound, while the latter is based on the use of auditory recordings of movement sounds as models. In the present article, some of the main applications of both approaches—especially the latter—to the domains of sport and motor rehabilitation are reviewed, with the aim of addressing two questions: Is it possible to consider rhythm as a Gestalt of human movement? If so, is it possible to build up cognitive strategies to improve/standardize movement performance from this Gestalt? As with most topics in science, a definitive answer is not possible, yet the evidence leads us to lean toward a positive answer to both questions.
13
Court, M. L. J., S. J. Bennett, A. M. Williams, and K. Davids. "Effects of attentional strategies and anxiety constraints on perceptual-motor organisation of rhythmical arm movements." Neuroscience Letters 384, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.036.
14
Arnold, Paul, and Martin J. Farrell. "Embodiment and Spatial Behavior in Virtual Environments: Comments on Durlach et al. (2000)." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 12, no. 6 (December 2003): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474603322955941.
Анотація:
Durlach et al. (2000) outlined a research program for the use of virtual environments (VEs) to train spatial abilities, and have invited comments. Our perspective is that some of the problems facing researchers in VE navigation, and also perceptual-motor skills, stem from the possibility that psychological processes that underlie navigation and motor skills in real and in virtual environments may be somewhat different. VE users may then have to make use of different strategies and abilities to those that they would normally use to manually manipulate and to navigate around the world. We suggest that such differences may arise because, when performing VE motor skills and navigation, the subject is effectively disembodied.
15
Barany, Deborah A., Ana Gómez-Granados, Margaret Schrayer, Sarah A. Cutts, and Tarkeshwar Singh. "Perceptual decisions about object shape bias visuomotor coordination during rapid interception movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 2235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00098.2020.
Анотація:
Visual processing for perception and for action is thought to be mediated by two specialized neural pathways. Using a visuomotor decision-making task, we show that participants differentially utilized online perceptual decision-making in reaching and interception and that eye movements necessary for perception influenced motor decision strategies. These results provide evidence that task complexity modulates how pathways processing perception versus action information interact during the visual control of movement.
16
Meskali, M., I. Barbet, S. Espié, and R. J. Bootsma. "Perceptual and motor strategies of car drivers in regulating speed of approach to a preceding vehicle." Le travail humain 69, no. 2 (2006): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/th.692.0183.
17
Bhanpuri, Nasir H., Allison M. Okamura, and Amy J. Bastian. "Active force perception depends on cerebellar function." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 6 (March 15, 2012): 1612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00983.2011.
Анотація:
Damage to the cerebellum causes characteristic movement abnormalities but is thought to have minimal impact on somatosensory perception. Traditional clinical assessments of patients with cerebellar lesions reveal no perceptual deficits despite the fact that the cerebellum receives substantial somatosensory information. Given that abnormalities have been reported in predicting the visual consequences of movement, we suspect that the cerebellum broadly participates in perception when motor output is required (i.e., active perception). Thus we hypothesize that cerebellar integrity is essential for somatosensory perception that requires motor activity, but not passive somatosensory perception. We compared the perceptual acuity of human cerebellar patients to that of healthy control subjects in several different somatosensory perception tasks with minimal visual information. We found that patients were worse at active force and stiffness discrimination but similar to control subjects with regard to passive cutaneous force detection, passive proprioceptive detection, and passive proprioceptive discrimination. Furthermore, the severity of movement symptoms as assessed by a clinical exam was positively correlated with impairment of active force perception. Notably, within the context of these perceptual tasks, control subjects and cerebellar patients displayed similar movement characteristics, and hence differing movement strategies are unlikely to underlie the differences in perception. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the cerebellum is vital to sensory prediction of self-generated movement and suggest a general role for the cerebellum in multiple forms of active perception.
18
Lee, Seungmin, and Jongseong An. "Gaze Control and Motor Performance in Motor Expertise Studies: Focused Review of Field Application Research on Perceptual Skill Training." IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences) 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2023.35.1.101.
Анотація:
This research reviews studies on sports performance and visual exploration strategies in the field of sports proficiency and comprehension. Accepting visual information is conducted through visual search, now referred to as visual exploration. Visual exploration refers to the process of paying attention to appropriate key clues that contain the necessary information to prepare and execute actions in a given circumstance or to make pertinent decisions. The visual exploration study uses an eye-tracking system to measure gaze fixation time and position, and to discern the disparity in the process of obtaining information between experienced and amateurs depending on the various sports fields and presents meaningful results in revealing the characteristics of the former: experienced individuals. The Vision-in-Action system presents a methodology that can solve the limitations of the visual exploration paradigm. That is, the movement pattern of the gaze is recorded at the same time as performing the physical technical movement performed in the actual sporting event. This methodology is consistent with a theoretical flow that emphasizes the perceptual-action coupling process. Research on visual exploration and exercise performance has been conducted in various sporting events such as aiming, conceptual, and tactical tasks. Specifically, in aiming tasks, QED is a crucial facet linked to performance accuracy. Based on these exploration studies, perceptual technology training is applied. Perception technology training is applied as a method of QED and gaze control training, and it is reported that it has a distinctively positive effect on improving performance.
19
Ripoll, Hubert. "Uncertainty and Visual Strategies in Table Tennis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 2 (April 1989): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.2.507.
Анотація:
Ball games are characterized by perceptual uncertainty and time-pressure. Of interest is the visual-search pattern carried out when these characteristics change. This is the case in table-tennis situations when comparing a drill situation, when one kind of stroke is constantly repeated, and a match situation, when the stroke is more often unpredictable. We analysed, during play, the visual-search pattern of five expert table tennis players to examine the effect of uncertainty on visual behavior. Direction of gaze was recorded by a video-oculographic recorder (NAC Eye Mark Recorder IV). Analysis showed that (i) visual fixations towards opponent player were only systematic in a match, contrary to drill where they occurred less frequently. (ii) Whatever the situation, only the first part of the ball's trajectory was visually tracked. This occurred immediately after the opponent's release of the ball. Nevertheless, visual tracking was more frequent and of longer duration in a match. (iii) Analysis of motor behavior showed that the duration of the movement preparation was longer in a match while the duration of the execution phase was unchanged.
20
Goyal, Chanan. "Ab. No. 42 Effect of Visual Perceptual Skills Training on Manual Dexterity and Functional Abilities in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Series." Journal of Society of Indian Physiotherapists 8, no. 1 (January 2024): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jsip.jsip_abstract_18.
Анотація:
Introduction: Globally, prevalence of ASD is rising alarmingly. Evidence synthesis on effective intervention strategies is crucial to bridge the knowledge gap. In addition to disruption in communication and social interaction, motor signs like impaired manual dexterity are frequently associated in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the positive impact of visual perceptual skills training along with functional training as these skills are closely related to daily activities and academic skills. Methods: Three school-aged children (between 8-12 years of age) diagnosed with ASD were included. Motor clumsiness was the primary concern of parents. Intervention was based on principles of sensory integration. It comprised functional training along with visual perceptual skills training including figure-ground discrimination, design copying, visual scanning, visual closure, and visual-motor integration. Manual dexterity was assessed by the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and Box and Block Test (BBT) before intervention and after 12 weeks of intervention. Besides, functional changes in activities like feeding, buttoning, writing, and copying from the board at inclusive schools were gauged. Result: All children showed improvement in manual dexterity as assessed by the 9HPT scores that changed from 49 to 40 seconds, 42 to 35 seconds, 45 to 37 seconds, respectively. In addition, BBT scores improved from 38 to 44 blocks, 41 to 49 blocks and 39 to 46 blocks, respectively. Independence in feeding and buttoning increased, apart from better efficiency in copying from board and writing. Conclusion: Visual perceptual skills training helped in improving manual dexterity in children with ASD. Moreover, independence in daily activities and academic skills were enhanced. Implications: This case series reveals that the effect of this approach is clinically significant in real life settings. However, it must be investigated on a larger population.
21
Seitz, Rüdiger J., Thomas A. Matyas, and Leeanne M. Carey. "Neural Plasticity as a Basis for Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation." Brain Impairment 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.9.2.103.
Анотація:
AbstractSkilled action is the end-product of learning processes that can improve several aspects of motor control such as strategic movement organisation, perceptual–motor associations, or muscle commands for basic components of sequentially evolving, complex movements. Experimental studies in healthy participants using functional imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation have identified separable processes that form cortical motor representations and that assist this formation of representations. These processes capitalise on use-dependent plasticity and changes in cortical excitability before and after practice. In terms of neural circuits, motor learning manifests measurably via structures that support transient phenomena, such as attentive error monitoring, or through continued activation of brain structures that support control processes still adapting. Specifically, movement guidance engages the dorsal premotor and parietal cortex along the intraparietal sulcus in addition to the supplementary motor area and the anterior cerebellum. Movement conception based on explicit experience of the movement task involves the inferior premotor cortex. Evidence in patients recovering from brain lesions such as stroke, suggests that similar principles hold for neurorehabilitation as well. The challenging issue is to what degree altered motor strategies afford improvement in function through relearning and neural plasticity.
22
Dimitropoulou, Katherine, and Andrew Gordon. "4503 Adaptation of Motor Action in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.289.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We study the association of adaptive decision-making, motor planning, and neuromuscular constraints, in children with hemiplegia. We examine how children scale motor decisions to body mechanics and the distance of a target while reaching in sitting/standing, and if they can recalibrate motor decisions to sudden changes in body mechanics. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Forty-five 6-12 year-olds with hemiplegia and 45 age/gender matched typically developing controls participate in clinical tests (i.e. balance, visual perceptual skills, etc.) and 3 experiments. Children “reach to tap” toward a target while sitting with both preferred and not preferred arms under three conditions: regular elbow extension siting and standing and elbow extension range reduced by 50% via a splint while sitting. Trials are easy, ambiguous, and difficult. Motor decisions are compared to abilities and motion sensors (IMUs) worn at wrist, arm, sternum and lumbar area, record biomechanical strategies children use under different decisions. Synchronized video analysis presents biomechanical strategies under different decisions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data collection is still underway. A mixed models analysis is used to compare 2 (group: hemiplegic/typically developing) X 2 (arms: healthy/impaired & dominant/non dominant) X 3 (difficulty levels) the children’s decisions. Functional analysis is used to capture biomechanical strategies children use under different decisions and levels of difficulty. Exploration strategies are recorded relative to levels of difficulty. We will also compute correlations between affordance thresholds for all children and measures of sensation, range of motion, cognition and balance (in each posture). Lastly, a secondary analysis will compare behaviors of children with left/right hemisphere lesions, as they differ in spatial abilities. Preliminary results show that children with hemiplegia make errors with both their affected and unaffected side. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Motor deficits in children with hemiplegia are the primary focus of treatments. Motor learning interventions focus on biomechanical deficits. Results from these studies expand the focus to planning and cognitive control issues underlying motor deficits.
23
Golby, Jim. "Use of Factor Analysis in the Study of Alcohol-Induced Strategy Changes in Skilled Performance on a Soccer Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 1 (February 1989): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.1.147.
Анотація:
The present study was designed to examine how skilled behaviour changes under the effects of two doses of alcohol (0.5 gm/kg and 1 gm/kg). A battery of perceptual-motor reference tests, together with the criterion test of a soccer slalom were given a sample of 48 male volunteers to show how performance strategies changed across the different experimental conditions. Analysis indicated little change between effects of placebo and the lower dose but some change in the composition of performance between placebo and the 1 gm/kg dose. This finding supports further use of factor analysis in the study of skilled behaviour.
24
Horev, Guy, Avraham Saig, Per Magne Knutsen, Maciej Pietr, Chunxiu Yu, and Ehud Ahissar. "Motor–sensory convergence in object localization: a comparative study in rats and humans." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1581 (November 12, 2011): 3070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0157.
Анотація:
In order to identify basic aspects in the process of tactile perception, we trained rats and humans in similar object localization tasks and compared the strategies used by the two species. We found that rats integrated temporally related sensory inputs (‘temporal inputs’) from early whisk cycles with spatially related inputs (‘spatial inputs’) to align their whiskers with the objects; their perceptual reports appeared to be based primarily on this spatial alignment. In a similar manner, human subjects also integrated temporal and spatial inputs, but relied mainly on temporal inputs for object localization. These results suggest that during tactile object localization, an iterative motor–sensory process gradually converges on a stable percept of object location in both species.
25
Wuang, Yee-Pay, Chien-Ling Huang, and Ching-Shan Wu. "Haptic Perception Training Programs on Fine Motor Control in Adolescents with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Preliminary Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 4755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164755.
Анотація:
Somatosensory and haptic perception deficit was commonly found in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and was closely related to fine motor functions, and the intervention strategies should thus emphasize improving the underlying haptic functions. This study was intended to investigate the effects of haptic perception training programs on fine motor functions in adolescents with DCD. A total of 82 DCD participants were assigned to either the haptic perception training program (HTP; n = 42, 16 females, mean age = 13.32 ± 2.85 years) or standard occupational therapy (SOT; n = 40, 16 females, mean age = 13.41 ± 3.8 years) group. Both groups were given 12-week training, twice a week, 30 min per session. Outcome measures were: Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTFHT), Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2), Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills- Fourth Edition (TVPS-4), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale -Chinese Version (VABS-C). After the intervention, the HTP group outscored the SOT group on most fine motor control (JTFHT and BOT-2) tasks and all TVPS-4 and VABS-C items. The HTP group had greater pre–post changes on fine motor integration, fine motor precision, manual dexterity, and writing. TVPS-4 reached significant intervention gains on visual spatial relations, visual memory, and visual sequential memory. The haptic perception training programs demonstrated benefits in enhancing fine motor control in adolescents with DCD. It could be used as an easy and effective alternative to hospital or school-based therapy during the pandemic.
26
Burnay, Carolina, David I. Anderson, Chris Button, Rita Cordovil, and Amy E. Peden. "Infant Drowning Prevention: Insights from a New Ecological Psychology Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084567.
Анотація:
Drowning causes significant mortality and morbidity globally, and infants (0–4 years of age) are disproportionately impacted. In a groundbreaking approach to pediatric drowning prevention, ecological psychology has been used to investigate the relationship between infants’ perceptual–motor development and their behavior around bodies of water. In this review, we summarize recent research findings in the field of ecological psychology and apply these to the prevention of infant drowning. Studies have linked infants’ avoidance of falls into the water with locomotor experience and type of accessway into bodies of water. Through crawling experience, infants learn to perceive the risk of falling into water and start adapting their behavior to avoid drop-offs leading into water. Infants tend to enter deep water more when the access is via a slope than via a drop-off. We propose that ecological psychology can enhance infant drowning prevention interventions. The aim is to create an additional layer of protection, the perceptual information layer, in addition to existing strategies, such as supervision and barriers. This new protective layer can be a powerful tool to further highlight the risk of entering the water and reduce infant drowning-related mortality and morbidity.
27
Hariri, Rabeeh, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Amir Hossein Memari, Iman Menbari Oskouie, and Afarin Haghparast. "An Overview of the Available Intervention Strategies for Postural Balance Control in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Autism Research and Treatment 2022 (November 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639352.
Анотація:
Background. Postural instability is a prevalent issue among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that affects the development of their perceptual-motor skills and social functioning. Visual and somatosensory processing deficits, hypotonia, basal ganglia dysfunction, and anxiety are some of the concurrent disorders in individuals with ASD. Nevertheless, a definite management protocol for postural instability in ASD has not been introduced yet. Hence, we aim to shed light on the available intervention strategies for postural instability in individuals with ASD. Methods. Even though several studies have been conducted on the effects of various interventions for balance control in individuals with ASD, no study has compared their efficacy, limitations, and clinical implications. Results. This review discusses diverse proposed interventions contributing to ASD postural instability, including martial arts, water-based interventions, animal-assisted therapies, trampoline, balance training, vestibular therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, sports, play, and active recreation for kids (SPARK), and square-stepping exercise (SSE). Conclusion. Enhancing motor skills, cerebellum function, and sensory input integration were some of the main mechanisms of these interventions to improve balance control in ASD. Some interventions, such as water-based exercises and video games, were enjoyable for children with ASD and could raise their treatment adherence. In most studies, small sample sizes and the lack of a control group represented their major limitations. Therefore, future well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to assess the effects of available interventions on postural control in ASD.
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Sánchez-Cabeza, Ángel. "Terapia ocupacional y daño cerebral adquirido." Acción Psicológica 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ap.4.3.471.
Анотація:
Occupational therapy is the use of purposeful activity or interventions designed to achieve functional outcomes that promote health, prevent injury or disability, and that develop, improve, sustain, or restore the highest possible level of independence of any individual who has an injury, illnes, or other disorders or condition. This article has been designed to serve as a foundation for the general understanding of occupational therapy intervention with acquired brain damage survivors. The ultimate goal of occupational therapy is to enable individuals to perform the tasks that are essential for performing their unique roles. An occupational therapist assesss underlying motor, cognitive, perceptual, and interpersonal skills as well as task performance and valued roles. Depending on a person´s current potential for recovery impairments, the occupational therapist, and others health profesionals, facilites task performance by improving relevant performance skills, developing and teaching compensatory strategies to overcome lost performance skills, or combining both of these strategies.
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Trofin, Dan, Cristina Grosu, Daniel Andrei Iordan, Daniela Matei, Laurențiu Gabriel Talaghir, Daniel Mădălin Coja, Daniela-Marilena Trofin, Ilie Onu, and Teodor Stamate. "Psychomotric Perspectives of Rehabilitation in Chronic Brachial Plexus Palsies." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 15, no. 2 (July 5, 2024): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/15.2/582.
Анотація:
Background. The perspective of ongoing electric signals within the motor cortex, conditioned by continuous rehabilitation strategies (doubled by adherence to the treatment protocol), is of interest related to understanding how cerebral plasticity is being modulated in adult traumatic brachial plexus (BP) lesions. Very often, patients with chronic BP lesions tend to be less compliant to rehabilitation therapy over time, since multiple reconstructive microsurgery interventions may not always offer a proper upper limb functionality, especially in severe, complex BP cases. Material and methods. In order to asses the ongoing psychomotric projection of the limb’s representation among the motor cortex, in relation with long term rehabilitation protocol we followed up a group of 11 chronic patients, by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during a time-lapse of two years. Results. Although modest in relation with amelioration of the deficit on the MRC scale, the patients had mild improvements of the parameter latency, but more important, by assessing the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP), we observed a dynamism of the motor area. This we consider suggestive for ongoing psychomotor components stimulated by rehabilitation: ideomotricity, perceptual-motor coordination, laterality and body representation, as a foundation in maintaining a proven measurable potential of continuous neuroplasticity. Conclusion. From clinical perspective, since psychomotricity actually means interdisciplinarity, this is the common denominator found in the collaboration between medical specialties: plastic surgery and reconstructive microsurgery, clinical neurology, electrodiagnostic and neuromotor rehabilitation.
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Parris, Benjamin A., Ngoc J. Thai, Abdelmalek Benattayallah, Ian R. Summers, and Timothy L. Hodgson. "The Role of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate in Stimulus-Response Association Reversals." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 1 (January 2007): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.13.
Анотація:
Many complex tasks require us to flexibly switch between behavioral rules, associations, and strategies. The prefrontal cerebral cortex is thought to be critical to the performance of such behaviors, although the relative contribution of different components of this structure and associated subcortical regions are not fully understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity during a simple task which required repeated reversals of a rule linking a colored cue and a left/right motor response. Each trial comprised three discrete events separated by variable delay periods. A colored cue instructed which response was to be executed, followed by a go signal which told the subject to execute the response and a feedback instruction which indicated whether to “hold” or “flip” the rule linking the colored cue and response. The design allowed us to determine which brain regions were recruited by the specific demands of preparing a rule contingent motor response, executing such a response, evaluating the significance of the feedback, and reconfiguring stimulus-response (SR) associations. The results indicate that an increase in neural activity occurs within the anterior cingulate gyrus under conditions in which SR associations are labile. In contrast, lateral frontal regions are activated by unlikely/unexpected perceptual events regardless of their significance for behavior. A network of subcortical structures, including the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and striatum were the only regions showing activity that was exclusively correlated with the neurocognitive demands of reversing SR associations. We conclude that lateral frontal regions act to evaluate the behavioral significance of perceptual events, whereas medial frontal-thalamic circuits are involved in monitoring and reconfiguring SR associations when necessary.
31
Dempsey, Ian. "Commentary on Carter, Stephenson and Strnadová's Reported Prevalence by Australian Special Educators of Evidence-Based Instructional Practices." Australasian Journal of Special Education 35, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajse.35.2.220.
Анотація:
AbstractIn Volume 35, Issue 1 of the Australasian Journal of Special Education, Carter, Stephenson and Strnadová (2011) replicated a study by Burns and Ysseldyke (2009). In Carter et al.'s study, 194 Australian special educators were asked to rate the extent to which they used eight instructional practices. These practices were applied behaviour analysis, direct instruction, formative evaluation, mnemonic strategies, modality training, perceptual-motor training, psycholinguistic training, and social skills training. The first four of these practices had moderate to high effect sizes (and were regarded by the authors as more desirable techniques), and the final four practices had low effect sizes, on the basis of past meta-analytic research. Carter et al.'s findings were that while the Australian teachers used some desirable strategies relatively frequently, they also used some less desirable practices frequently and so desirable instructional practices should be encouraged at the expense of less effective practices. While these results are of interest, they also have the potential to mislead readers and later sections of the current article examine these potential misconceptions.
32
Kelso, J. A. S. "Theoretical concepts and strategies for understanding perceptual-motor skill: From information capacity in closed systems to self-organization in open, nonequilibrium systems." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 121, no. 3 (1992): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.121.3.260.
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Watkins, Emily, Austin Thompson, and Yunjung Kim. "Speech Deterioration of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Before and After Diagnosis: A Case Study of a Newscaster." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_pers-sig19-2019-0005.
Анотація:
Purpose This case study traced speech deterioration in an individual before and after the time of diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our participant was diagnosed with spinal-onset, familial ALS in 2017. The speaker's occupation, a professional newscaster for 37 years, allowed a retrospective examination of her speech during news segments over 37 months around the diagnosis, including prediagnosis. Method A total of 6 time points were selected to track auditory-perceptual and acoustic speech deterioration (2 years, 14 months, and 7 months prior to diagnosis; the month of diagnosis; and 7 months and 12 months after diagnosis). For perceptual ratings, 2 experts in motor speech disorders rated 17 speech dimensions on a 7-point scale. Four acoustic parameters were chosen for measurement: articulation rate, utterance duration, second formant frequency slope, and acoustic vowel space. Additionally, kinematic data were obtained from 1 time-point (8 months postdiagnosis) and descriptively compared to the movement of other individuals with ALS and to healthy speakers. Results As expected, both perceptual and acoustic results indicated a decline in the selected speech measures as the disease progressed. More interestingly, the measures showed a consistent curvilinear appearance in which the speech parameters exhibit an improvement until immediately before and around the diagnosis, followed by sudden, drastic deterioration. Kinematic results indicated a greater degree of movement and speed compared to healthy speakers, probably due to the speaker's occupation. Conclusions Based on the findings, the time around diagnosis is considered a critical period with respect to speech deterioration in ALS wherein a dynamic, increasing–decreasing pattern of changes occur. This finding appears to reflect the patient's compensatory strategies and the speech deficits associated with bulbar involvement.
34
Schupp, Harald T., Junghöfer Markus, Almut I. Weike, and Alfons O. Hamm. "Emotional Facilitation of Sensory Processing in the Visual Cortex." Psychological Science 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01411.
Анотація:
A key function of emotion is the preparation for action. However, organization of successful behavioral strategies depends on efficient stimulus encoding. The present study tested the hypothesis that perceptual encoding in the visual cortex is modulated by the emotional significance of visual stimuli. Event-related brain potentials were measured while subjects viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. Early selective encoding of pleasant and unpleasant images was associated with a posterior negativity, indicating primary sources of activation in the visual cortex. The study also replicated previous findings in that affective cues also elicited enlarged late positive potentials, indexing increased stimulus relevance at higher-order stages of stimulus processing. These results support the hypothesis that sensory encoding of affective stimuli is facilitated implicitly by natural selective attention. Thus, the affect system not only modulates motor output (i.e., favoring approach or avoidance dispositions), but already operates at an early level of sensory encoding.
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Zahno, Stephan. "Perception, decision-making and action in football: Current findings and implications." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 040. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss040.
Анотація:
In football, players’ perceptual-motor and decision-making skills are essential for successful performance. However, developing effective trainings and valid tests for these skills represents a key challenge for both researchers and practitioners in the field. The symposium is organized in collaboration with the Swiss Football Association and aims to bring researchers and practitioners together in order to stimulate constructive discussions on this specific issue. Four speakers will present findings and implications of their current research focusing on different aspects of perception, decision-making and action, namely on the effect of verbal coaching instruction on scanning activity (Hintermann & Fuchslocher, Magglingen); the role of task constraints for creative performance (De Joode, VU Amsterdam); novel opportunities to tests decision-making skills using augmented reality (Müller & Mann, VU Amsterdam); and the role of gaze strategies for performing functional and creative action (Zahno & Vater, Bern).
36
Nalepka, Patrick, Paula L. Silva, Rachel W. Kallen, Kevin Shockley, Anthony Chemero, Elliot Saltzman, and Michael J. Richardson. "Task dynamics define the contextual emergence of human corralling behaviors." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0260046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260046.
Анотація:
Social animals have the remarkable ability to organize into collectives to achieve goals unobtainable to individual members. Equally striking is the observation that despite differences in perceptual-motor capabilities, different animals often exhibit qualitatively similar collective states of organization and coordination. Such qualitative similarities can be seen in corralling behaviors involving the encirclement of prey that are observed, for example, during collaborative hunting amongst several apex predator species living in disparate environments. Similar encirclement behaviors are also displayed by human participants in a collaborative problem-solving task involving the herding and containment of evasive artificial agents. Inspired by the functional similarities in this behavior across humans and non-human systems, this paper investigated whether the containment strategies displayed by humans emerge as a function of the task’s underlying dynamics, which shape patterns of goal-directed corralling more generally. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the strategies naïve human dyads adopt during the containment of a set of evasive artificial agents across two disparate task contexts. Despite the different movement types (manual manipulation or locomotion) required in the different task contexts, the behaviors that humans display can be predicted as emergent properties of the same underlying task-dynamic model.
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Hussain, Humaira. "PRESENCE OF DYSPHONIA IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TOURETTE’S SYNDROME." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.4.1/009.
Анотація:
Professionals working in the field of voice disorders have come to recognize the variability of vocal qualities in different populations. While voice disorders can be of organic, neurogenic, or functional etiology, concomitant disorders often directly impact the vocal features. Such a disorder is Tourette’s Syndrome which is an impairment characterized by motor and vocal tics. This study examined the prevalence of voice disorders in individuals with Tourette’s Syndrome. Research was conducted over the duration of two years with clientele aged 15;2 to 26;5. Participants were receiving continuous treatment from a team of neurologist and psychologist at private clinics situated around a suburban area. Two case studies consisting of 1-2 individuals were also closely examined to further distinguish the types of voice disorders present given the severity of motor and vocal tics. Instrumental and perceptual analysis was obtained to accurately diagnose the voice disorder. Given the sample of participants, presence of spasmodic dysphonia and falsetto were noted. Results of this study indicates a strong presence of dysphonia in individuals with Tourette’s Syndrome, particularly spasmodic dysphonia and falsetto. Additionally, dysphonic vocal qualities were irrelevant to the existence of vocal tics. Further research with this population is mandated to determine assessment and treatment strategies
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de Ruiter, Godard C. W., Robert J. Spinner, Joost Verhaagen, and Martijn J. A. Malessy. "Misdirection and guidance of regenerating axons after experimental nerve injury and repair." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 2 (February 2014): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.jns122300.
Анотація:
Misdirection of regenerating axons is one of the factors that can explain the limited results often found after nerve injury and repair. In the repair of mixed nerves innervating different distal targets (skin and muscle), misdirection may, for example, lead to motor axons projecting toward skin, and vice versa—that is, sensory axons projecting toward muscle. In the repair of motor nerves innervating different distal targets, misdirection may result in reinnervation of the wrong target muscle, which might function antagonistically. In sensory nerve repair, misdirection might give an increased perceptual territory. After median nerve repair, for example, this might lead to a dysfunctional hand. Different factors may be involved in the misdirection of regenerating axons, and there may be various mechanisms that can later correct for misdirection. In this review the authors discuss these different factors and mechanisms that act along the pathway of the regenerating axon. The authors review recently developed evaluation methods that can be used to investigate the accuracy of regeneration after nerve injury and repair (including the use of transgenic fluorescent mice, retrograde tracing techniques, and motion analysis). In addition, the authors discuss new strategies that can improve in vivo guidance of regenerating axons (including physical guidance with multichannel nerve tubes and biological guidance accomplished using gene therapy).
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Grabherr, Luzia, Gianluca Macauda, and Bigna Lenggenhager. "The Moving History of Vestibular Stimulation as a Therapeutic Intervention." Multisensory Research 28, no. 5-6 (2015): 653–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002495.
Анотація:
Although the discovery and understanding of the function of the vestibular system date back only to the 19th century, strategies that involve vestibular stimulation were used long before to calm, soothe and even cure people. While such stimulation was classically achieved with various motion devices, like Cox’s chair or Hallaran’s swing, the development of caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation has opened up new possibilities in the 20th century. With the increasing knowledge and recognition of vestibular contributions to various perceptual, motor, cognitive, and emotional processes, vestibular stimulation has been suggested as a powerful and non-invasive treatment for a range of psychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions. Yet, the therapeutic interventions were, and still are, often not hypothesis-driven as broader theories remain scarce and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are often vague. We aim to critically review the literature on vestibular stimulation as a form of therapy in various selected disorders and present its successes, expectations, and drawbacks from a historical perspective.
40
Brayanov, Jordan B., and Maurice A. Smith. "Bayesian and “Anti-Bayesian” Biases in Sensory Integration for Action and Perception in the Size–Weight Illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 3 (March 2010): 1518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00814.2009.
Анотація:
Which is heavier: a pound of lead or a pound of feathers? This classic trick question belies a simple but surprising truth: when lifted, the pound of lead feels heavier—a phenomenon known as the size–weight illusion. To estimate the weight of an object, our CNS combines two imperfect sources of information: a prior expectation, based on the object's appearance, and direct sensory information from lifting it. Bayes' theorem (or Bayes' law) defines the statistically optimal way to combine multiple information sources for maximally accurate estimation. Here we asked whether the mechanisms for combining these information sources produce statistically optimal weight estimates for both perceptions and actions. We first studied the ability of subjects to hold one hand steady when the other removed an object from it, under conditions in which sensory information about the object's weight sometimes conflicted with prior expectations based on its size. Since the ability to steady the supporting hand depends on the generation of a motor command that accounts for lift timing and object weight, hand motion can be used to gauge biases in weight estimation by the motor system. We found that these motor system weight estimates reflected the integration of prior expectations with real-time proprioceptive information in a Bayesian, statistically optimal fashion that discounted unexpected sensory information. This produces a motor size–weight illusion that consistently biases weight estimates toward prior expectations. In contrast, when subjects compared the weights of two objects, their perceptions defied Bayes' law, exaggerating the value of unexpected sensory information. This produces a perceptual size–weight illusion that biases weight perceptions away from prior expectations. We term this effect “anti-Bayesian” because the bias is opposite that seen in Bayesian integration. Our findings suggest that two fundamentally different strategies for the integration of prior expectations with sensory information coexist in the nervous system for weight estimation.
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McKenna, Erin, Laurence C. Jayet Bray, Weiwei Zhou, and Wilsaan M. Joiner. "The absence or temporal offset of visual feedback does not influence adaptation to novel movement dynamics." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 2483–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00636.2016.
Анотація:
Delays in transmitting and processing sensory information require correctly associating delayed feedback to issued motor commands for accurate error compensation. The flexibility of this alignment between motor signals and feedback has been demonstrated for movement recalibration to visual manipulations, but the alignment dependence for adapting movement dynamics is largely unknown. Here we examined the effect of visual feedback manipulations on force-field adaptation. Three subject groups used a manipulandum while experiencing a lag in the corresponding cursor motion (0, 75, or 150 ms). When the offset was applied at the start of the session (continuous condition), adaptation was not significantly different between groups. However, these similarities may be due to acclimation to the offset before motor adaptation. We tested additional subjects who experienced the same delays concurrent with the introduction of the perturbation (abrupt condition). In this case adaptation was statistically indistinguishable from the continuous condition, indicating that acclimation to feedback delay was not a factor. In addition, end-point errors were not significantly different across the delay or onset conditions, but end-point correction (e.g., deceleration duration) was influenced by the temporal offset. As an additional control, we tested a group of subjects who performed without visual feedback and found comparable movement adaptation results. These results suggest that visual feedback manipulation (absence or temporal misalignment) does not affect adaptation to novel dynamics, independent of both acclimation and perceptual awareness. These findings could have implications for modeling how the motor system adjusts to errors despite concurrent delays in sensory feedback information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A temporal offset between movement and distorted visual feedback (e.g., visuomotor rotation) influences the subsequent motor recalibration, but the effects of this offset for altered movement dynamics are largely unknown. Here we examined the influence of 1) delayed and 2) removed visual feedback on the adaptation to novel movement dynamics. These results contribute to understanding of the control strategies that compensate for movement errors when there is a temporal separation between motion state and sensory information.
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Konovalov, Alexander, Sergey Maryashev, David Pitskhelauri, Vitaly Siomin, Andrey Golanov, and Aleksandra Dalechina. "The last decade’s experience of management of central neurocytomas: Treatment strategies and new options." Surgical Neurology International 12 (July 6, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_764_2020.
Анотація:
Background: The purpose of the presented work is to evaluate the last decade’s experience in surgical management of central neurocytoma (CN) and elucidate on the treatment strategies and new options. Methods: The current series consists of the remaining 125 patients (70 females and 55 males) operated on during the past decade from 2008 to 2018. Most tumors were resected through transcortical (n = 76, 61%), or transcallosal (n = 40, 32%) approaches. In 5 (4%) patients with predominantly posterior location of the tumor, non-dominant superior parietal lobule approach was utilized. Both approaches (transcortical + transcallosal) were used in 4 (3%) of cases. Seven consecutive patients with large CN underwent prophylactic intraventricular stenting to prevent hydrocephalus. Results: Gross total resection was achieved in 45 patients (36%), subtotal resection (STR) in 40 (32%) cases. After surgery, 63 (50%) patients had neurocognitive problems, including disorientation, attention deficit, global amnesia, short-term memory deficits, and perceptual motor and social cognition problems. A total of 26 patients (21%) had postoperative hemorrhage in the resection bed. Obstructive hydrocephalus was noted in 25 (20%) patients. The entrapment of the occipital and/or temporal horns was observed in seven cases. None of the seven patients with prophylactic intraventricular stents required shunting. Conclusion: Although high rates of gross total or STR can be expected, the mortality and morbidity remain significant even in the modern neurosurgical era. Prophylactic intraventricular stenting in patients with large posteriorly located tumors with hydrocephalus may prevent ventricular entrapment and shunting. The main risk factors for recurrence are presence of residual disease and Ki-67 index over 5%. Recurrent symptomatic tumors should be treated surgically, whereas asymptomatic progression can be managed with stereotactic radiosurgery. Both treatment modalities are associated with low risk of complications and high tumor control rates.
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Dusing, Stacey C., Theresa Izzo, Leroy R. Thacker, and James Cole Galloway. "Postural Complexity Influences Development in Infants Born Preterm With Brain Injury: Relating Perception-Action Theory to 3 Cases." Physical Therapy 94, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140023.
Анотація:
Background and Purpose Perception-action theory suggests a cyclical relationship between movement and perceptual information. In this case series, changes in postural complexity were used to quantify an infant's action and perception during the development of early motor behaviors. Case Description Three infants born preterm with periventricular white matter injury were included. Outcomes Longitudinal changes in postural complexity (approximate entropy of the center of pressure), head control, reaching, and global development, measured with the Test of Infant Motor Performance and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, were assessed every 0.5 to 3 months during the first year of life. All 3 infants demonstrated altered postural complexity and developmental delays. However, the timing of the altered postural complexity and the type of delays varied among the infants. For infant 1, reduced postural complexity or limited action while learning to control her head in the midline position may have contributed to her motor delay. However, her ability to adapt her postural complexity eventually may have supported her ability to learn from her environment, as reflected in her relative cognitive strength. For infant 2, limited early postural complexity may have negatively affected his learning through action, resulting in cognitive delay. For infant 3, an increase in postural complexity above typical levels was associated with declining neurological status. Discussion Postural complexity is proposed as a measure of perception and action in the postural control system during the development of early behaviors. An optimal, intermediate level of postural complexity supports the use of a variety of postural control strategies and enhances the perception-action cycle. Either excessive or reduced postural complexity may contribute to developmental delays in infants born preterm with white matter injury.
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Wildschut, Zelda, Trevor Moodley, and Shelley Aronstam. "The baseline assessment of Grade 1 learners’ literacy skills in a socio-economically disadvantaged school setting." South African Journal of Childhood Education 6, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v6i1.340.
Анотація:
<p>Research has revealed that the academic performances of learners in South Africa are below the required level. The Western Cape Education Department (WCED) launched the literacy and numeracy strategy 2006–2016 in response to the low literacy and numeracy levels. In addition, the WCED introduced the Grade 1 baseline assessment in 2006, as part of the literacy and numeracy strategy. The purpose of this study was to observe the implementation of the Grade 1 literacy baseline assessment programme of the WCED. This study aimed to determine what literacy barriers, if any, the learners were experiencing and to recommend literacy support strategies, in order to inform teaching practices. Purposive sampling was used for the selection of a Grade 1 class, with English as the language of learning and teaching Thirty-seven Grade 1 learners participated in the study. A mixed-methods research design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The data collection strategies employed<br />included documentary analysis, by examining participants’ school admission forms to provide biographical information as well as their written baseline assessment scripts. The baseline assessment process was also observed as it was being conducted. The findings suggest that some of the learners experienced literacy barriers in terms of receptive and expressive language, perceptual skills and fine motor development. The data were summarised, and the information was used to describe the literacy barriers in terms of the biographical variables and to recommend learning support strategies for literacy development.</p>
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Naidina, I. V. "Why the process is so Important for a DIRFloortime specialist." Autism and Developmental Disorders 17, no. 2 (2019): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2019170208.
Анотація:
DIRFloortime® is a learning approach tailored to individual characteristics of the adult and child and based on establishing emotionally charged relationships, which is successfully used to help children with autistic spectrum disorders. An expert trained in DIRFloortime® offers her thoughts on the importance of the interaction process between children and adults during sessions and in the real-life setting. The paper reviews following the child’s lead and challenging — the main strategies of the DIRFloortime approach. It describes the concept of the circle of communication and characteristics of the interaction process, such as tempo, rhythm, duration, intensity, and content. The process of interaction with children affected by autistic spectrum disorder who have difficulties in communicating should be arranged so that they can be engaged and remain in this process with pleasure and joy as long as possible. The child must feel successful and valuable in the eyes of adults who help him/her grow up. Then the child will be able to cope with his fears, shyness, perceptual and motor challenges and to grow in a most harmonious way. This is why DIRFloortime creators and therapists give particular importance to the process of interaction.
46
Couroux, Marc. "Some Ideas about Viewer Re-Mobilization from a Practice-in-Progress." Circuit 16, no. 3 (January 29, 2010): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/902415ar.
Анотація:
This article presents a practical view of one artist's dealings with the social and political aspects of the concert, seen through a variety of works realized between 1999 and 2006. Couroux's work is centered around the reintegration of the listener-viewer into the social event, specifically the concert format, which has functioned as a control group, enabling him to test some ideas about viewer mobilization. Exploring the potential of art as a motor for social investigation, he exploits the perceptual and cultural prejudices of the viewer to create a productive, creative zone of inquiry. A brief history of anti-virtuosity begins the article (with examples from Xenakis, Barrett, Ferneyhough and Glenn Gould, all of whom have called into question in various ways the totalized persona of the performer), ushering in the feedback processes of his work American Dreaming and the anti-absorptive strategies which underlie le contrepoint académique (sic). Finally, the position of the listener is problematized in two works: Blowback at Breakfast, in which he/she is enmeshed in a panopticon-like voyeuristic bind with the performer, and Watergating, in which shifting modes of aurality force a deconstruction of the listening process itself.
47
Grobecker, Betsey, and Richard De Lisi. "An Investigation of Spatial-Geometrical Understanding in Students with Learning Disabilities." Learning Disability Quarterly 23, no. 1 (February 2000): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511096.
Анотація:
Five- to 13-year-old children of average intelligence who had been identified as having learning disabilities (LD, n = 85) and not identified as having learning disabilities (NLD, n = 94) were individually tested for their ability to mentally anticipate and execute pegboard transformations of square and diamond figures, complete free-hand drawings of these figures, and draw figures on the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. For students with LD and NLD alike: (a) age-related improvements in transformational strategies and in drawing were evident; (b) diamond figures were easier than square figures to transform but more difficult to draw; and (c) significant intra- and intertask correlations were obtained on pegboard and free-hand drawing tasks. These findings are consistent with predictions derived from Piagetian theory and suggest that a general spatial-cognitive mechanism determined performance on the tasks administered. On most tasks, students with LD did not perform as well as same-aged students with NLD even though the effects of IQ were reduced via matching and statistically controlled. The LD-NLD group differences are interpreted as reflecting delayed development in this general spatial-cognitive mechanism in students with LD rather than a specific skill deficit in visual-perceptual processing. Diagnostic and remedial implications of the findings and interpretation are discussed.
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Pazzaglia, Mariella, and Marta Zantedeschi. "Plasticity and Awareness of Bodily Distortion." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9834340.
Анотація:
Knowledge of the body is filtered by perceptual information, recalibrated through predominantly innate stored information, and neurally mediated by direct sensory motor information. Despite multiple sources, the immediate prediction, construction, and evaluation of one’s body are distorted. The origins of such distortions are unclear. In this review, we consider three possible sources of awareness that inform body distortion. First, the precision in the body metric may be based on the sight and positioning sense of a particular body segment. This view provides information on the dual nature of body representation, the reliability of a conscious body image, and implicit alterations in the metrics and positional correspondence of body parts. Second, body awareness may reflect an innate organizational experience of unity and continuity in the brain, with no strong isomorphism to body morphology. Third, body awareness may be based on efferent/afferent neural signals, suggesting that major body distortions may result from changes in neural sensorimotor experiences. All these views can be supported empirically, suggesting that body awareness is synthesized from multimodal integration and the temporal constancy of multiple body representations. For each of these views, we briefly discuss abnormalities and therapeutic strategies for correcting the bodily distortions in various clinical disorders.
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Niedenthal, Paula M., Martial Mermillod, Marcus Maringer, and Ursula Hess. "The Simulation of Smiles (SIMS) model: Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 6 (December 2010): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000865.
Анотація:
AbstractRecent application of theories of embodied or grounded cognition to the recognition and interpretation of facial expression of emotion has led to an explosion of research in psychology and the neurosciences. However, despite the accelerating number of reported findings, it remains unclear how the many component processes of emotion and their neural mechanisms actually support embodied simulation. Equally unclear is what triggers the use of embodied simulation versus perceptual or conceptual strategies in determining meaning. The present article integrates behavioral research from social psychology with recent research in neurosciences in order to provide coherence to the extant and future research on this topic. The roles of several of the brain's reward systems, and the amygdala, somatosensory cortices, and motor centers are examined. These are then linked to behavioral and brain research on facial mimicry and eye gaze. Articulation of the mediators and moderators of facial mimicry and gaze are particularly useful in guiding interpretation of relevant findings from neurosciences. Finally, a model of the processing of the smile, the most complex of the facial expressions, is presented as a means to illustrate how to advance the application of theories of embodied cognition in the study of facial expression of emotion.
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Geisen, Mai, Alexandra Fox, and Stefanie Klatt. "VR as an Innovative Learning Tool in Sports Education." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042239.
Анотація:
Testing and application of suitable learning tools and methods can facilitate learning environments conducive to skill acquisition for the target group. This also applies to sports education at school level, including extracurricular activities. On the one hand, traditional learning methods are still effective in sports education; on the other hand, keeping up with societal and technological developments, new learning strategies are continuously being researched to complement existing pedagogical tools. An innovative tool that has been increasingly used in various fields of application in recent years is Virtual Reality (VR) as part of the Extended Reality (XR) domain. It enables learning in immersive and specifically designed learning environments and is particularly suitable for learning in (sports-)motor contexts due to its flexible use. In our study, we test a VR-based rotation task in an extracurricular dance class with the objective of supporting the crucial didactic, collaborative, and perceptual components of dance training in educational contexts. We conducted feedback sessions with the students and used direct observation to examine their behavioural actions. Based on the qualitative content analysis of the written feedback and the overview from the observations, we can identify integrative potentials of this innovative tool in sports education, especially extracurricular dance classes.