Дисертації з теми "Perception of science"
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Jayaraman, Usha P. "Science teachers' perception of virtual high school instruction." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1037982055.
Повний текст джерелаAdal, Elif Ece. "Science Teachers." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612948/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRossi, Michael Paul Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The rules of perception : American color science, 1831-1931." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69452.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-389).
Although vision was seldom studied in Antebellum America, color and color perception became a critical field of scientific inquiry in the United States during the Gilded Age and progressive era. Through a historical investigation of color science in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, I argue that attempts to scientifically measure, define, and regulate color were part of a wider program to construct a more rational, harmonious, and efficient American polity starting from one of the very baseline perceptual components of reality - the experience of color. As part of this program, I argue secondly that color science was as much a matter of prescription as description - that is, color scientists didn't simply endeavor to reveal the facts of perception and apply them to social problems, they wanted to train everyday citizens to see scientifically, and thereby create citizens whose eyes, bodies, and minds were both medically healthy and morally tuned to the needs of the modern American nation. Finally, I argue not simply that perception has a history - i.e. that perceptual practices change over time, and that, for Americans of a century ago, experiences of color sensations were not taken as given but had to be laboriously crafted - but also that this history weighs heavily upon our present day understanding of visual reality, as manifested not least of all in scientific studies of vision, language, and cognition. Employing a close reading of the archival and published sources of a range of actors including physicist Ogden Rood, semiotician Charles Peirce, logician Christine Ladd-Franklin, board game magnate Milton Bradley, and art professor Alfred Munsell, among others, this study reveals the origins of some of the most deeply-rooted conceptions of color in modern American culture.
by Michael Paul Rossi.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
Gauthier, Roberto. "La représentation de la science chez les finissants de sciences humaines au collégial /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1995. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаStraub, Julian Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Nonparametric directional perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112029.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 239-257).
Artificial perception systems, like autonomous cars and augmented reality headsets, rely on dense 3D sensing technology such as RGB-D cameras and LiDAR. scanners. Due to the structural simplicity of man-made environments, understanding and leveraging not only the 3D data but also the local orientations of the constituent surfaces, has huge potential. From an indoor scene to large-scale urban environments, a large fraction of the surfaces can be described by just a few planes with even fewer different normal directions. This sparsity is evident in the surface normal distributions, which exhibit a small number of concentrated clusters. In this work, I draw a rigorous connection between surface normal distributions and 3D structure, and explore this connection in light of different environmental assumptions to further 3D perception. Specifically, I propose the concepts of the Manhattan Frame and the unconstrained directional segmentation. These capture, in the space of surface normals, scenes composed of multiple Manhattan Worlds and more general Stata Center Worlds, in which the orthogonality assumption of the Manhattan World is not applicable. This exploration is theoretically founded in Bayesian nonparametric models, which capture two key properties of the 3D sensing process of an artificial perception system: (1) the inherent sequential nature of data acquisition and (2) that the required model complexity grows with the amount of observed data. Herein, I derive inference algorithms for directional clustering and segmentation which inherently exploit and respect these properties. The fundamental insights gleaned from the connection between surface normal distributions and 3D structure lead to practical advances in scene segmentation, drift-free rotation estimation, global point cloud registration and real-time direction-aware 3D reconstruction to aid artificial perception systems.
by Julian Straub.
Ph. D.
Sun, Li. "Integrated visual perception architecture for robotic clothes perception and manipulation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7685/.
Повний текст джерелаNannestad, Charles Leif. "The Role Of Students: Perceptions In Modifying Science And Mathematics Classroom Activities." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2077.
Повний текст джерелаVerwey, Johan. "Speech perception in virtual environments." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6371.
Повний текст джерелаMany virtual environments like interactive computer games, educational software or training simulations make use of speech to convey important information to the user. These applications typically present a combination of background music, sound effects, ambient sounds and dialog simultaneously to create a rich auditory environment. Since interactive virtual environments allow users to roam freely among different sound producing objects, sound designers do not always have exact control over what sounds the user will perceive at any given time. This dissertation investigates factors that influence the perception of speech in virtual environments under adverse listening conditions.
Faisman, Arthur. "Visual perception of shape from matte, glossy, and mirror surfaces." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121306.
Повний текст джерелаLe système visuel humain a une capacité remarquable à percevoir les formes complexes en 3D à partir d'une variété de types de surfaces. Ces surfaces peuvent inclure celles ombragées en utilisant le modèle standard Phong ou bien des surfaces miroir qui peuvent être rendues à l'aide d'une variété de milieux environnants. Cette thèse présente quatre expériences de perception visuelle qui examinent la perception de la forme qualitative locale dans diverses conditions. Les surfaces furent rendues en utilisant des modèles standards informatiques graphiques de mat, de brillant et de réflexion de miroir. Pour chaque expérience, les participants de l'étude devaient juger si un point marqué sur chaque surface se trouvait sur une colline ou sur une vallée. Une variété de nouvelles découvertes ont été faites grâce à ces expériences qui touchent à différents aspects des capacités perceptives du système visuel. Dans l'expérience 1 il a été constaté, contrairement aux résultats déjà connus, que dans certaines circonstances il est plus difficile de percevoir la forme d'une surface brillante que celle d'une surface matte. Dans l'expérience 3 cette constatation est réexaminée et il se trouve que les surfaces brillantes sont plus facilement perçues que celles qui sont mattes lorsque le reflet spéculaire tombe sur les extrema locaux tels que les collines et les vallées, mais peuvent être plus difficiles à percevoir quand le reflet spéculaire est situé sur les portions de la géométrie locale qui sont orientées frontalement. Un modèle perceptif est proposé pour expliquer cet effet. L'expérience 3 élabore sur cette conclusion en étudiant la perception des surfaces lorsqu'elles sont allumées à partir d'une variété d'angles différents ainsi qu'en comparant ces types d'éclairage à ceux utilisés dans les logiciels de visualisation commerciaux tels que MATLAB et Mathematica. Les résultats de l'expérience 1 indiquent également que, lors du rendu des surfaces, miroir un manque d'homogénéité dans le plan de l'environnement peut être exploitable par le système visuel comme un repère supplémentaire pour aider à la perception de la forme de la surface locale qualitative. L'expérience 4 développe cette constatation en remarquant que l'orientation de cette hétérogénéité de l'environnement a un effet supplémentaire sur la performance. L'annexe généralise l'ambiguïté bien connue sur l'inversion de la profondeur à des miroirs et des reflets spéculaire. L'expérience 2 utilise ce résultat pour produire les premières expérimentations sur la manière selon laquelle le système visuel résout cette ambiguïté lorsqu'il perçoit des miroirs. Les résultats indiquent que le système visuel essaye souvent de résoudre cette ambiguïté en utilisant une hypothèse que la surface est orientée vers le haut dans le cas de surfaces miroir, ressemblant à l'hypothèse connue des surfaces orientées vers le haut pour les surfaces Phong. Pourtant, l'hypothèse de la surface orientée vers le haut est jugée plus faible pour les surfaces miroir que pour les surfaces Phong, puisque les participants avaient tendance à s'appuyer d'avantage sur des indices de perspective dans le cas des surfaces miroir que des surfaces Phong.
Ahmad, Zaidi Adruce Shahren Mueller Milton. "Academic authors' perception on copyright protection." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Повний текст джерелаRubin, Adrianne. "'This difficult and uncertain science' : Roger Fry's interpretation of aesthetic perception." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432113.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, Qianhui S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Machine mediated human perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129882.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-76).
'The broader one's understanding of the human experience, the better design we will have.' --Steve Jobs In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in designing places through the lenses of the human experience. However, research on the relationship between the physical environment and its influence on human perception has been constrained. The constraint is partially due to the difficulty of assessing perception and physical features through objective mathematical models. The idea of this thesis is to explore how machine learning can contribute to better integration of previously unquantifiable human perception with urban theories matrix in the design process: In particular, the thesis will investigate the relationship between the built environment features and the human's perception at the street level. The thesis explore machine learning methodologies, combining computer vision's application in modeling building features, in assessment of urban landscape liveliness: Taking the central area of Shanghai as the experimental site, the thesis designs a crowd-sourcing platform to collect residents' perception of streets in Shanghai by evaluating street spaces displayed in the form of rendered 3D model scenes and panoramic videos. I revisit urban study principles to define a matrix of spatial features and simulate such perceptions through a machine learning approach. This AI-assisted pipeline will shed light on how features of the urban environment influence individuals' perceptions and to further assist with decision-making toward human-centered urban design.
by Qianhui Liang.
S.M.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Paulin, T. (Tuomas). "DevOps in Finland:study of practitioners’ perception." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201812063244.
Повний текст джерелаNolan, Lucille Marie. "Vision science and the visual arts : an enquiry into the science of perception and the art of immersion." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2009. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/312/.
Повний текст джерелаZito, Claudio. "Planning simultaneous perception and manipulation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6765/.
Повний текст джерелаAhmad, Zaidi Adruce Shahren Mueller Milton Mueller. "Academic authors' perception on copyright protection /." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Повний текст джерелаBorkin, Michelle A. "Perception, Cognition, and Effectiveness of Visualizations with Applications in Science and Engineering." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11526.
Повний текст джерелаEngineering and Applied Sciences
Hackworth, Ruth M. "Radiation Science Educators' Perception of Obstacles in the Use of Critical Thinking." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262120623.
Повний текст джерелаHospedales, Timothy. "Bayesian multisensory perception." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2156.
Повний текст джерелаNannestad, Charles Leif. "The Role Of Students: Perceptions In Modifying Science And Mathematics Classroom Activities." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12448.
Повний текст джерелаKhan, Aamir. "Scene understanding by robotic interactive perception." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30773/.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Jiajun Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Computational perception of physical object properties." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103736.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50).
We study the problem of learning physical object properties from visual data. Inspired by findings in cognitive science that even infants are able to perceive a physical world full of dynamic content at a early age, we aim to build models to characterize object properties from synthetic and real-world scenes. We build a novel dataset containing over 17, 000 videos with 101 objects in a set of visually simple but physically rich scenarios. We further propose two novel models for learning physical object properties by incorporating physics simulators, either a symbolic interpreter or a mature physics engine, with deep neural nets. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate that these models can learn physical object properties well and, with a physic engine, the responses of the model positively correlate with human responses. Future research directions include incorporating the knowledge of physical object properties into the understanding of interactions among objects, scenes, and agents.
by Jiajun Wu.
S.M.
Landau-Wells, Marika. "Dealing with danger : threat perception and policy preferences." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118222.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-216).
This dissertation develops and tests a new individual-level theory specifying the relationship between threat perception and policy preferences. The project takes a unified approach to studying the space of danger-mitigating political behaviors. It is designed to demonstrate that a single psychological model can apply to both citizens and elites and in both domestic and foreign policy issue areas. The first paper develops Threat-Heuristic Theory, a new individual-level model of the psychological processes linking the detection of danger to specific policy preferences for mitigating it. The paper presents a review of the literature in biology and cognitive science regarding evolved systems of threat perception and response, on which the theory draws. The paper demonstrates that the theory's core explanatory variable, threat classification, is not a proxy for other constructs already incorporated into political science. The paper also illustrates that the domain of complex dangers, characterized by low levels of agreement in threat classification, contains issues of interest to political science. The second paper applies the theory to explain variation in preferences for specific forms of immigration restriction in the U.S. The paper highlights the importance of understanding threat classification in order to move beyond explanations of pro/anti-immigrant sentiment towards a model that captures preferences for real-world policy options. The third paper applies the theory to a small number of elite policy-makers in order to explain their support for particular measures included in U.S. national security strategies of the early Cold War and of the first George W. Bush Administration. The paper demonstrates how "bad strategy' and problematic policy preferences can arise systematically through the operation of Threat-Heuristic Theory's psychological model and need not be solely explained by bureaucratic politics or error.
by Marika Landau-Wells.
Ph. D.
Cerda, Mauricio. "Calcul neuronal distribué pour la perception visuelle du mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642818.
Повний текст джерелаBrahmi, Frances A. "Medical students' perception of lifelong learning at Indiana University School of Medicine." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297081.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 24, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0414. Adviser: Debora Shaw.
Tauber, Justin. "Reading Merleau-Ponty: Cognitive science, pathology and transcendental phenomenology." Faculty of Arts, Department of Philosophy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1965.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the evolution of the way the Phenomenology of Perception is read for the purpose of determining its relevance to cognitive science. It looks at the ways in which the descriptions of phenomena are taken to converge with connectionist and enactivist accounts (the "psychological" aspect of this reading) and the way Merleau-Ponty's criticisms of intellectualism end empiricism are treated as effective responses to the philosophical foundations of cognitivism. The analysis reveals a general assumption that Merleau-Ponty's thought is compatible with a broadly naturalistic approach to cognition. This assumption has its roots in the belief that Merleau-Ponty's proximity to the existential tradition is incompatible with a commitment to a genuine transcendental philosophical standpoint. I argue that this suspicion is unfounded, and that it neglects the internal structure of the Phenomenology. Merleau-Ponty's criticism of classical forms of transcendental philosophy is not a rejection of that tradition, but instead prompts his unorthodox use of pathological case-studies. For Merleau-Ponty, this engagement with pathology constitutes a kind of transcendental strategy, a strategy that is much closer to Husserl's later work than is commonly acknowledged. The thesis also demonstrates a different mode of engagement with cognitive science, through a critical encounter with John Haugeland's transcendental account of the perception of objects. Confronting his account with the phenomenon of anorexia, I challenge him to differentiate his notion of an existential commitment from the anorexic's pathological over-commitment to a particular body image. Merleau-Ponty's account does not suffer from the same problems as Haugeland's because transcendence is not construed in terms of independence, but in terms of the fecundity and inexhaustibility of the sensible. I attempt to articulate Merleau-Ponty's own notion of a pre-personal commitment through the metaphor of invitation and show how this commitment and the Husserlian notion of open intersubjectivity can shed light on the anorexic's predicament.
Chaumette, Francois. "De la perception à l'action : l'asservissement visuel, de l'action à la perception : la vision active." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843890.
Повний текст джерелаDeery, June Elizabeth. "Doors of perception : science, literature and mysticism in the works of Aldous Huxley." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359659.
Повний текст джерелаOsman, Kamil Bashir. "Emirati Nursing Students Perception and Experiences of Studying Nursing and Science through English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531675.
Повний текст джерелаAhmed, Zaiboenisha. "Teachers’ perception of the integration of socio-scientific issues in their science classes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1856.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose for this study was to reveal the perceptions held by science teachers on the integration of socio-scientific issues in their science teaching. Also pertinent to this investigation was an understanding of what these teachers saw as the purpose(s) of such integration, how they purported to carry out the integration in their classroom, and how they perceive the role of social justice in science teaching. The theoretical principles of critical pedagogy underpinned the study and its methodology was guided by a phenomenological approach. The qualitative study was confined to eight schools in the Cape Town Metropole and ten science teachers made up the purposefully selected sample. Grounded theory was used as a method of analysis of the transcripts obtained from the semi-structured interviews conducted with the teachers on the socio-scientific issues depicted by two scenarios. Teachers saw the purposes for SSI integration in terms of its focus on the science curriculum, the everyday relevance of science and the impact of science. In addition they thought SSI integration could be useful to inculcate values, encourage behaviour change, advance both society and self, and develop critical thinking. They cited seven different teaching strategies and practices which they preferred for such integration: enquiry-based tasks; science content-specific activities; science-technology-society-environment (STSE) activities; communication of science information; science oriented projects; literacy programmes and deliberation and decision-making. The teachers thought that they could use the SSI scenarios to address socio-economic issues and issues pertaining to equity, self-determination, equality and civic values. Four general teacher profiles emerged from the research findings. These profiles captured both the commonalities and diversity existing among the participants’ perspectives.
Jackson, Yvonne Jackson. "Health Science Adminstrators' Perception of Remediation with Students in the Professional Track Programs." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2833.
Повний текст джерелаSlavik, Michael P. (Michael Paul) 1978. "Planned perception within concurrent mapping and localization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87827.
Повний текст джерелаAlso issued in leaves.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [127]-132).
by Michael P. Slavik.
S.M.
Bylinskii, Zoya. "Computational perception for multi-modal document understanding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120375.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-192).
Multimodal documents occur in a variety of forms, as graphs in technical reports, diagrams in textbooks, and graphic designs in bulletins. Humans can efficiently process the visual and textual information contained within to make decisions on topics including business, healthcare, and science. Building the computational tools to understand multimodal documents can have important applications for web search, information retrieval, captioning and summarization, and automated design. This thesis makes contributions on two fronts: (i) to the development of data collection methods for measuring how humans perceive multimodal documents (i.e., where they look, what they find important), and (ii) to the development of computer vision tools for automatically parsing and making predictions about multimodal documents (i.e., the subject matter they are about). Specifically, the crowdsourced attention data captured from our novel user interfaces is used to train neural network models to predict where people look in graphic designs and information visualizations, with demonstrated applications to thumbnailing, design retargeting, and interactive feedback within graphic design tools. Separately, our models for detecting visual elements and parsing text elements in infographics (information graphics) are used for topic prediction and to present a system for automatic summarization. This thesis makes contributions at the interface of human and computer vision, with applications to human-computer interfaces and design.
by Zoya Bylinskii.
Ph. D.
Florence, Peter R. (Peter Raymond). "Integrated perception and control at high speed." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108982.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-110).
We present a method for robust high-speed quadrotor flight through unknown cluttered environments using integrated perception and control. Motivated by experiments in which the difficulty of accurate state estimation was a primary limitation on speed, our method forgoes maintaining a map in favor of using only instantaneous depth information in the local frame. This provides robustness in the presence of significant state estimate uncertainty. We compare the method against a benchmark approach using a simulated quadrotor race through a forest at high speeds in the presence of increasing state estimate noise. We then present hardware validation experiments in both indoor and outdoor environments, performing robust obstacle avoidance at speeds of up to 10 m/s, including sustained flight through a forest at 6 m/s. Finally, we add to the memoryless method, and develop a robust obstacle avoidance approach that uses memory without resorting to a maximum-likelihood mapping framework.
by Peter R. Florence.
S.M.
Bachrach, Abraham Galton. "Trajectory bundle estimation For perception-driven planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79151.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-122).
When operating in unknown environments, autonomous vehicles must perceive and understand the environment ahead in order to make effective navigation decisions. Long range perception can enable a vehicle to choose actions that take it directly toward its goal, avoiding dead ends. In addition, the perception range is critically important for ensuring the safety of vehicles with constrained dynamics. In general, the faster a vehicle moves, the more constrained its dynamics become due to acceleration limits imposed by its actuators. This means that the speed at which an autonomous agent can safely travel is often governed by its ability to perceive and understand the environment ahead. Overall, perception range is one of the most important factors that determines the performance of an autonomous vehicle. Today, autonomous vehicles tend to rely exclusively on metric representations built using range sensors to plan paths. However, such sensors are limited by their maximum range, field of view, and occluding obstacles in the foreground. Together, these limitations make up what we call the metric sensing horizon of the vehicle. The first two limitations are generally determined by the weight, size, power, and cost budget allocated to sensing. However, range sensors will always be limited by occlusions. If we wish to develop autonomous vehicles that are able to navigate directly toward a goal at high speeds through unknown environments, then we must move beyond the simple range-sensor based techniques. We must develop algorithms that enable autonomous agents to harness knowledge about the structure of the world to interpret additional sensor information (such as appearance information provided by cameras), and make inferences about parts of the world that cannot be directly observed. We develop a new representation based around trajectory bundles, that makes this challenging task more tractable. Rather than attempt to explicitly model the geometry of the world in front of the vehicle (which can be incredibly complex), we reason about the world in terms of what the vehicle can and cannot do. Trajectory bundles are designed to capture an abstract concept such as the command "go straight and then turn towards the right" in a concrete and actionable manner. We employ a library of trajectory bundles to reason about the layout of obstacles in the environment based on which bundles in the library are predicted to be feasible. Trajectory bundles provide a lens through which we can look at perception tasks, allowing us to leverage machine learning tools in much more effective ways for navigation. In this thesis we introduce trajectory bundles, and develop algorithms that use them to enable perception-driven planning. We develop a trajectory clustering algorithm that enables us to construct a set of trajectory bundles. We then develop a Bayesian filtering framework that enables us to estimate a belief over which trajectory bundles are feasible based on the history of actions and observations of the vehicle. We test our algorithms by using them to navigate a simulated fixed wing air vehicle at high speeds through an unknown environment using a monocular camera sensor.
by Abraham Galton Bachrach.
Ph.D.
Wang, Shaoxiong S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "3D shape perception from vision and touch." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122914.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-52).
Perceiving accurate 3D object shape is important for robots to interact with the physical world. Current research along this direction has been primarily relying on visual observations. Vision, however useful, has inherent limitations due to occlusions and the 2D-3D ambiguities, especially for perception with a monocular camera. In contrast, touch gets precise local shape information, though its efficiency for reconstructing the entire shape could be low. In this thesis, we propose a novel paradigm that efficiently perceives accurate 3D object shape by incorporating visual and tactile observations, as well as prior knowledge of common object shapes learned from large-scale shape repositories. We use vision first, applying neural networks with learned shape priors to predict an object's 3D shape from a single-view color image. We then use tactile sensing to refine the shape; the robot actively touches the object regions where the visual prediction has high uncertainty. Our method efficiently builds the 3D shape of common objects from a color image and a small number of tactile explorations (around 10). Our setup is easy to apply and has potentials to help robots better perform grasping or manipulation tasks on real-world objects.
by Shaoxiong Wang.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Shannon, Vaughn Parnell. "Interpreting interventions : identity, images, and the perception of normative behavior /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486401895207787.
Повний текст джерелаKeefer, Lucas Allen. "Defending Noe's Enactive Theory of Perception." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/52.
Повний текст джерелаKeel, Terence. "The Religious Pursuit of Race: Christianity, Modern Science, and the Perception of Human Difference." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10471.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Nigel James Trehaine. "Psychological theories of perception, imagination and mental representation, and twentieth century philosophies of science." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410576.
Повний текст джерелаSharan, Lavanya. "Image statistics and the perception of surface reflectance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34356.
Повний текст джерелаMIT Institute Archives copy: p. 223 (last page) bound in reverse order.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-223).
Humans are surprisingly good at judging the reflectance of complex surfaces even when the surfaces are viewed in isolation, contrary to the Gelb effect. We argue that textural cues are important for this task. Traditional machine vision systems, on the other hand, are incapable of recognizing reflectance properties. Estimating the reflectance of a complex surface under unknown illumination from a single image is a hard problem. Recent work in reflectance recognition has shown that certain statistics measured o an image of a surface are diagnostic of reflectance. We consider opaque surfaces with medium scale structure and spatially homogeneous reflectance properties. For such surfaces, we find that statistics of intensity histograms and histograms of filtered outputs are indicative of the diffuse surface reflectance. We compare the performance of a learning algorithm that employs these image statistics to human performance in two psychophysical experiments. In the first experiment, observers classify images of complex surfaces according to the perceived reflectance. We find that the learning algorithm rivals human performance at the classification task. In the second experiment, we manipulate the statistics of images and ask observers to provide reflectance ratings. In this case, the learning algorithm performs similarly to human observers. These findings lead us to conclude that the image statistics capture perceptually relevant information.
by Lavanya Sharan.
S.M.
Pillai, Sudeep. "SLAM-aware, self-supervised perception in mobile robots." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114054.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 152-171).
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a fundamental capability in mobile robots, and has been typically considered in the context of aiding mapping and navigation tasks. In this thesis, we advocate for the use of SLAM as a supervisory signal to further the perceptual capabilities in robots. Through the concept of SLAM-supported object recognition, we develop the ability for robots equipped with a single camera to be able to leverage their SLAM-awareness (via Monocular Visual-SLAM) to better inform object recognition within its immediate environment. Additionally, by maintaining a spatially-cognizant view of the world,we find our SLAM-aware approach to be particularly amenable to few-shot object learning. We show that a SLAM-aware, few-shot object learning strategy can be especially advantageous to mobile robots, and is able to learn object detectors from a reduced set of training examples. Implicit to realizing modern visual-SLAM systems is its choice of map representation. It is imperative that the map representation is crucially utilized by multiple components in the robot's decision-making stack, while it is constantly optimized as more measurements are available. Motivated by the need for a unified map representation in vision-based mapping, navigation and planning, we develop an iterative and high-performance mesh-reconstruction algorithm for stereo imagery. We envision that in the future, these tunable mesh representations can potentially enable robots to quickly reconstruct their immediate surroundings while being able to directly plan in them and maneuver at high-speeds. While most visual-SLAM front-ends explicitly encode application-specific constraints for accurate and robust operation, we advocate for an automated solution to developing these systems. By bootstrapping the robot's ability to perform GP Saided SLAM, we develop a self-supervised visual-Slam front-end capable of performing visual ego-motion, and vision-based loop-closure recognition in mobile robots. We propose a novel, generative model solution that it is able to predict ego-motion estimates from optical flow, while also allowing for the prediction of induced scene flow conditioned on the ego-motion. Following a similar bootstrapped learning strategy, we explore the ability to self-supervise place recognition in mobile robots and cast it as a metric learning problem, with a GPS-aided SLAM solution providing the relevant supervision. Furthermore, we show that the newly learned embedding can be particularly powerful in discriminating visual scene instances from each other for the purpose of loop-closure detection. We envision that such self-supervised solutions to vision-based task learning will have far-reaching implications in several domains, especially facilitating life-long learning in autonomous systems.
by Sudeep Pillai.
Ph. D.
Henson, Cory Andrew. "A Semantics-based Approach to Machine Perception." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1387645909.
Повний текст джерелаLinne, Brianne M. "Quantification of oral roughness perception and comparison with mechanism of astringency perception." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1466550825.
Повний текст джерелаMisra, Amalendu. "Perception of Islam in Indian nationalist thought." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8003.
Повний текст джерелаBoyle, Stephanie Claire. "Investigating the neural mechanisms underlying audio-visual perception using electroencephalography (EEG)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8874/.
Повний текст джерелаAll experiments, although employing different paradigms and investigating different processes, showed early neural correlates related to audio-visual perception emerging in neural signals across early sensory, parietal, and frontal regions. Together, these results provide support for the prevailing modern view that the entire cortex is essentially multisensory and that multisensory effects can emerge at all stages during the perceptual process.
Smith, Evann. "Mass Mobilization in the Middle East: Form, Perception, and Language." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493280.
Повний текст джерелаGovernment
Filliat, David. "Navigation, perception et apprentissage pour la robotique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649692.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Myeong. ""I know where that is"| Cultural differences in perception of places." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1568786.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on modeling people's perceptions of places and how those perceptions are affected by cultural differences. Cultural background affects the way people feel and recall information. However, it is unclear how cultural background influences individual's perception of geospatial areas such as a town or a city. One way an individual's cultural background varies is with regard to the patterns of one's routine communication. This concept is described by Hall's high- and low-context cultural model (1976). The ways people perceive geospatial places can be characterized in terms of their tendency to rely on specific landmarks or symbolic addresses. In this study, we use an online survey and an online place recognition game to test the hypothesis that high-context individuals will perceive urban places in terms of landmarks rather than symbolic addresses. The results suggest that high- and low-context is not a unified construct. Instead it is a multi-dimensional construct with sub-dimensions where one of those, i.e. one's attitude towards other's communication style, may affect an individual's perception of places.
Ritter, Tara Eve. "Exploring the Relationship between Risk Perception and Farmer Nutrient Management Decisions." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343243182.
Повний текст джерела