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1
Green, E. J. "The Perception-Cognition Border: A Case for Architectural Division." Philosophical Review 129, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 323–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8311221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A venerable view holds that a border between perception and cognition is built into our cognitive architecture and that this imposes limits on the way information can flow between them. While the deliverances of perception are freely available for use in reasoning and inference, there are strict constraints on information flow in the opposite direction. Despite its plausibility, this approach to the perception-cognition border has faced criticism in recent years. This article develops an updated version of the architectural approach, which I call the dimension restriction hypothesis (DRH). According to DRH, perceptual processes are constrained to compute over a bounded range of dimensions, while cognitive processes are not. This view allows that perception is cognitively penetrable, but places strict limits on the varieties of penetration that can occur. The article argues that DRH enjoys both theoretical and empirical support, and also defends the view against several objections.
2
Phillips, Ben. "The Shifting Border Between Perception and Cognition." Noûs 53, no. 2 (August 17, 2017): 316–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12218.
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Gross, Steven. "Language and the Border between Perception and Cognition." Analysis 83, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anac057.
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Jenkin, Zoe. "The Epistemic Role of Core Cognition." Philosophical Review 129, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 251–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8012850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to a traditional picture, perception and belief have starkly different epistemic roles. Beliefs have epistemic statuses as justified or unjustified, depending on how they are formed and maintained. In contrast, perceptions are “unjustified justifiers.” Core cognition is a set of mental systems that stand at the border of perception and belief, and has been extensively studied in developmental psychology. Core cognition's borderline states do not fit neatly into the traditional epistemic picture. What is the epistemic role of these states? Focusing on the core object system, the author argues that core object representations have epistemic statuses like beliefs do, despite their many prototypically perceptual features. First, the author argues that it is a sufficient condition on a mental state's having an epistemic status as justified or unjustified that the state is based on reasons. Then the author argues that core object representations are based on reasons, through an examination of both experimental results and key markers of the basing relation. The scope of mental states that are subject to epistemic evaluation as justified or unjustified is not restricted to beliefs.
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Firestone, Chaz, and Ian Phillips. "Seeing fast and thinking slow The Border Between Seeing and Thinking Ned Block Oxford University Press, 2023. 560 pp." Science 379, no. 6638 (March 24, 2023): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg8153.
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Ye, Hailin. "Perception of Identity, Perception of Relationship and Strategic Interaction — An Analysis on China–Indian Border Disputes from the Perspective of Game Theories." East Asian Affairs 01, no. 01 (June 2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2737557921500030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the continuous observation of the ongoing China–India border conflict in recent years, the author intends to answer why China has not yielded prospective policy returns from the Indian side, even if it has been pursuing a cooperative strategy toward India after the Doklam standoff. Inspired by several doctrines of game theory under the dynamic game scenario and the application of relevant gaming tactics, this essay argues that after the Doklam standoff, China has been consistently pursuing an India policy that is risk-averse in nature, represented by its fundamental goal of persevering stability in the secondary direction of China–India border area. As a supporter of this argumentation, a diachronic investigation in terms of the evolution of China–India Relations between 2017 and 2020 was conducted, in which both countries were presumed as state actors involving in repeated gaming process with observable actions and asymmetric information sources. The investigation covers the respective actions adopted by both China and India since the Doklam standoff in 2017, along with the strategic interactions between the two sides from 2018 to 2019, till the most recent standoff in the Galwan Valley and the standoff along the Panggong Tso in 2020. The major finding of this essay is that there exists a causal-effect relationship between the expected payment structures of both sides in a gaming process and the outcome of the implementation of a certain cooperative strategy. Besides, as opponents in a gaming process, either side’s self-cognition and its evaluation on the bilateral relations will pose critical impact on its policy-making. Therefore, in the specific case of China–India border conflict, it is highly advised that China should make practical efforts to avert cognition risks of all kinds while managing its relation with India; otherwise, negative consequences may occur due to the mismatch of its strategic goals and its policy devices.
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Zhu, Wenlong, Jian Mou, and Jason F. Cohen. "A Cross-Continent Analysis of the Invariance of Product Information in Cross-Border Electronic Commerce." Journal of Global Information Management 29, no. 6 (November 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.289654.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cross-border electronic-commerce (CBEC) is growing. However, due to differences in culture, habits, history and language among other factors, consumers in different regions may have different perception towards the same product information on CBEC platforms, which may lead to differences in their cognition of the product with implications for purchase intentions. Presently, little research has attempted to understand whether there are such differences between global consumers through the examination of measurement invariance (MI) in CBEC environments. By using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), this study explored the invariance of two product information cognitions on CBEC platforms, namely product description and product awareness, among consumers in North America, Europe, Latin America and Oceania. Data was collected from users of a popular CBEC platform in China. We find no significant differences in understandings and levels of awareness of product information across the four groups of consumers.
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Duo, Xu, Faridah Ibrahim, and Mohd Nashriq Nizam. "The Influence of Social Media on the Cognition of Chinese Students in Malaysia." World Journal of Social Science Research 11, no. 1 (December 21, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v11n1p1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Malaysia is currently one of the most popular study destinations for overseas Chinese students. At the same time, due to global educational status and better media technology facilities, including social media, more Chinese students tend to live or study abroad. However, the different patterns of social media at home and abroad have created a cognitive gap among overseas Chinese students in Malaysia. Qualitative in-depth interviews and Focus group discussions with more than a dozen overseas Chinese students studying in Malaysia showed that social media use has multiple impacts and aids in structuring learning, lifestyle influences, and the relationship between social media use and cognitive formation. The findings suggest that China’s local social media has been identified as a widespread use by overseas Chinese students for cross-border daily interpersonal communication. It not only helps to construct the lifestyle of overseas Chinese students, but also helps maintain their social perception as “Chinese” by generating the image of home.
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Herrmann, Richard K., and Vaughn P. Shannon. "Defending International Norms: The Role of Obligation, Material Interest, and Perception in Decision Making." International Organization 55, no. 3 (2001): 621–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
States defend norms in some cases but not in others. Understanding this variation sheds light on both U.S. foreign policy and the role of normative reasoning. We report the results of four experiments embedded in a survey of U.S. elites. The experiments identified the effects of felt normative obligation (that is, the logic of what is appropriate) and concern for U.S. economic and security interests (that is, the logic of utilitarian consequence) as well as the role played by individual perceptions. We find that perceptions of another actor's motivation, of conflicts as civil or cross-border wars, and of the democratic nature of victims affect decisions to defend a prescriptive norm. This finding means that theories of international relations that feature norms as structural concepts need to consider actor-level cognition when examining the operation of norms. Moreover, we find that when U.S. economic and security interests are at stake there is a much greater inclination to defend norms than when simply normative obligation is present. Most U.S. elites appear to treat the presence or absence of U.S. material interests as a legitimate criterion for deciding whether or not to defend an international prescriptive norm.
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Pitts, Michael A., Antígona Martínez, James B. Brewer, and Steven A. Hillyard. "Early Stages of Figure–Ground Segregation during Perception of the Face–Vase." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 4 (April 2011): 880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The temporal sequence of neural processes supporting figure–ground perception was investigated by recording ERPs associated with subjects' perceptions of the face–vase figure. In Experiment 1, subjects continuously reported whether they perceived the face or the vase as the foreground figure by pressing one of two buttons. Each button press triggered a probe flash to the face region, the vase region, or the borders between the two. The N170/vertex positive potential (VPP) component of the ERP elicited by probes to the face region was larger when subjects perceived the faces as figure. Preceding the N170/VPP, two additional components were identified. First, when the borders were probed, ERPs differed in amplitude as early as 110 msec after probe onset depending on subjects' figure–ground perceptions. Second, when the face or vase regions were probed, ERPs were more positive (at ∼150–200 msec) when that region was perceived as figure versus background. These components likely reflect an early “border ownership” stage, and a subsequent “figure–ground segregation” stage of processing. To explore the influence of attention on these stages of processing, two additional experiments were conducted. In Experiment 2, subjects selectively attended to the face or vase region, and the same early ERP components were again produced. In Experiment 3, subjects performed an identical selective attention task, but on a display lacking distinctive figure–ground borders, and neither of the early components were produced. Results from these experiments suggest sequential stages of processing underlying figure–ground perception, each which are subject to modifications by selective attention.
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Remole, Arnulf, Albert S. Y. Ng, Linda L. Bathe, Paul D. Padfield, Marlee M. Spafford, and Mary A. Szymkiw. "Flicker Haloes Observed with Subjective Borders." Perception 14, no. 1 (February 1985): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p140031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subjective borders are known to behave quite similarly to real borders when the stimulus presents fragments of visually meaningful forms. There is less information on whether this also applies to unfamiliar stimulus elements. Thus, if a dark/bright stimulus border is presented intermittently at certain frequencies below flicker fusion, the bright border enhancement band increases greatly in width and takes on a textured appearance, resembling a halo streaming from the border. The percept is spontaneous and unlike anything experienced in real life. Preliminary observations showed that the effect occurs also at subjective borders. The extent of the halo from the border was measured for various flicker frequencies and compared with similar measurements obtained with real borders. It was found that the extent varies with frequency in an identical manner for real and virtual borders. Also, the halo was judged equal in qualitative appearance for both kinds of border. The striking similarity between virtual and real effects in this respect is best explained in terms of physiological border perception processes, possibly instigated by a cognitive mechanism.
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Behr, Agnes Wanjiru. "IDENTITY AND BODY BORDERS: THE PERCEPTION OF THE KENYA SOMALIA BORDER." American Journal of International Relations 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajir.348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The study sought to understand how the identity of the ethnic Somalis and the geographic settings inform the perception of the Kenya-Somalia border.Methodology: The research took a poststructuralist approach via qualitative methodology where information was derived from five focus groups, key informants and one on one interviews from Garissa and Mandera Counties in the period of 2016-2017. Besides, observations, field experiences, films, and documentaries helped to triangulate the findings for validity purposes. Additionally, historiography was employed through archival materials from the Kenya National Archives.Result: The study shows that body borders elasticizes the Kenya-Somalia border and makes it spatial. Second, ethnic Somalis elastic view of the border through the body is a means of survival but gives the perception to the Kenyan government that the border community does not recognize the international border. Furthermore, the pastoral-nomadic norms of the ethnic Somalis shows elastic view of the Kenya-Somalia border due to the arid to semi-arid territory which calls for negotiated living spaces as opposed to the static view of the same by Kenyan governments.The unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy: Cognitive psychology, Constructivism and discourse analysis used together shows a pattern derived from everyday discourse and behaviors that shape the thinking on border studies. Language goes beyond verbal communication to a psychological tap that shows the behavior of a community as informed by fears and the need to alleviate the fears. The behaviors shape the norms, and therefore, constructivism displays state behaviors and actions or inaction. Also, transfer of the social-cultural to the state norms shows a divide in border thinking where two or more identities come together. The issue should, therefore, be how to alleviate the fears both current and historical from both the state and ethnic Somalis instead of looking at each as the threat to the other.
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Tandarić, Neven, Martina Maček, Marin Cvitanović, Ivan Tekić, Maja Flegar, Ana Okmaca, and Jasmina Tvrdojević. "Percepcija prostornog obuhvata Sredozemlja u Hrvatskoj." Geoadria 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.233.
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Although the Mediterranean is considered to be one of the oldest regions in the world, its borders are still the subject of discussion and research. This paper aims to contribute to the definition of the Mediterranean by studying the perception of its spatial coverage in Croatia and its links to the physical and socio-cultural attributes of space. The research was conducted by using the cognitive map method on the sample of 200 participants. The result was a broad border zone separating the so-called "real" Mediterranean from areas which are not part of the Mediterranean. This zone is somewhat similar to a fuzzy set, representing a gradual transition between two ends belonging to a certain set. The research indicates that the congruence of perception of the borders of the Mediterranean is the largest along the Dinaric Alps (northwest – southeast), except in Istria, and the coastal spread along the entire Croatian littoral. The results also indicate that factors relating to the natural environment take precedence over socio-cultural factors in the perception of borders of the Mediterranean.
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Kautto, Daria. "Social influences in cross-border entrepreneurial migration policy." Journal of International Business Policy 2, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s42214-019-00040-x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper addresses the possibilities for public policy to stimulate the entrepreneurial perceptions of individuals by leveraging micro-level social influences produced by migrant entrepreneurs. As opposed to the conventional stand according to which entrepreneurial ecosystems can be stimulated by financial, regulative, cognitive and normative mechanisms of influence, the present study suggests that socio-psychological influences enacted by exogenous policy intervention can be used as a mechanism for shifting the entrepreneurial perceptions of individuals. Cross-border entrepreneurial migration is proposed as an instrument for enacting these socio-psychological influences and enabling public policy to benefit from the distinctively different entrepreneurial behaviors of migrant entrepreneurs and local individuals in the host country. The study offers substantial policy implications by extending the theoretical reasoning guiding the stimulation of entrepreneurial ecosystems through public policy intervention, providing discussion of opportunity perception in cross-border context, and offering an alternative socio-economic perspective on the role of migrant entrepreneurs in the economic life of host countries.
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Wu, Da-Wei, Hira Batool, and Shi-Zheng Huang. "The Relationships Between Tourists' Perceptions of Cultural Authenticity and Authentic Happiness: Evidence from Ethnic Villages." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2024-05-02-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultural authenticity is the core resource of ethnic tourism destinations, and tourists' perceptions of cultural authenticity affect their sense of authentic happiness. Based on cognitive appraisal theory, a research model of perceptions of cultural authenticity and authentic happiness was constructed to explore the relationships among perceptions of cultural authenticity, place attachment, and authentic happiness and to verify the moderating effect of perceived safety. Through a questionnaire survey, 408 valid questionnaires from tourists were collected from ethnic villages in border areas of China, and the bootstrap method and parameter estimation method were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that cultural authenticity perception positively affects authentic happiness and place attachment; place attachment has a direct positive correlation with authentic happiness; place attachment has a partial mediating effect on the perception of cultural authenticity and authentic happiness; and perceived safety has a moderating effect on place attachment and authentic happiness. Attaching importance to the excavation and protection of the cultural authenticity of frontier ethnic villages and enhancing tourists’ perceptions of the cultural authenticity of frontier ethnic villages are conducive to promoting their place attachment to frontier ethnic villages and, at the same time, can enhance tourists’ sense of authentic happiness. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-02-07 Full Text: PDF
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Burge, Tyler. "Border crossings: Perceptual and post-perceptual object representation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 3 (May 19, 2011): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractCarey's claim that no object representations are perceptual rests on a faulty view of perception. To delineate origins of post-perceptual (“conceptual” or “core cognitive”) representation, we need a more accurate view of perceptual representation.
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Ryabova, Marina Е. "Student Migration in Terms of Social and Philosophical Reflection." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.394-404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Student migration exists over the whole period of society development and by the second half of the 20th century it is becoming a mass social phenomenon. A constant society complication under influence of information technologies gives student migration other forms. Considering the fact that student migration is a component part of unified educational process, its separate stages make actual differentiation of migrant students mobile behaviour, including localization of living environment, educational institution, educational activities and the interactive nature of training. The objective of the article is to attempt to explicate the phenomenon of student migration in the field of social philosophy, to consider its accompanying positive and negative aspects in the prism of distant context. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study is interdisciplinary approach which allows to distinguish and describe the relationship of the phenomenon under study. Solution of research problems was provided by critical analysis intercomplementary methods and by interpretation of social reality phenomena based on the dialectic idea of removing the one-dimensionality of cognition of the globalizing educational space. The Results. The peculiarity of student migration was revealed consisting in 1) in the restriction of free movement in space; 2) in the forced relocation to the virtual reality of the digital format, which caused the imaginary territorial mobility; 3) in the weakening of direct contact with the host educational environment, leading to dissonance with the existing state of things; 4) in strengthening the cross-border nature of education, which allows to expand international cooperation with different countries. Discussion and Conclusions. Expected effect of student migration distant forms realization consists in a new interpretation of the subject of the universal, changing the attitude to migration. The media resonance that occurs everywhere contributes to the formation of prerequisites for a positive perception of the image of a migrant. Academic mobility caused by today’s modification of reality, was determined by the digitalization megatrend of educational institutions, which affected all aspects of life. Remote technologies have mitigated the problem of migrants’ adaptation to another cultural environment, neutralized the consequences of socio-cultural stress, which is usually experienced by the subject of both external and internal migration. Practical experience of remote forms realization of work with the subject of educational migration has shown the indisputability of universal involvement in the movement to a new type of knowledge production, the most important role in which is played by pragmatic situativeness and the powerful presence of digital environment tools.
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Lee, Kyoungmin, and Joy Hirsch. "Perception of a Border Defined by Rapidly Reversing Luminance Contrast." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (June 1997): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.739.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report a new visual illusion of a perceptual boundary visible between two contiguous regions of equal luminance when the intensity is modulated with a temporal frequency that is higher than the critical fusion rate. Measurements of the luminance threshold of the perceptual border with various slopes of the luminance gradient yielded a function suggestive of the range of ocular instability. These findings raise the possibility that this new border illusion may be influenced by involuntary ocular motion during fixation.
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Cao, Yongrong, Hsin-Che Wu, and Min-Hua Huang. "Cognitive Explanations of Indian Perceptions of China." Asian Survey 61, no. 2 (March 2021): 324–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.2.324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the economic development of China and India and their border confrontations have intensified bilateral strategic competition. This study used the State of Democracy in South Asia survey to identify dual mindsets of competition and contingency that drive how Indians perceive China’s influence in Asia. These two mindsets are based on a cognitive schema characterized by a political predisposition against China. However, this negative orientation is moderated as more information is acquired regarding the impact of China on India. The competition mindset does not always manifest itself, and is only cognitively activated when a change is perceived in India’s power status. On the other hand, the contingent principle appears whenever competition seems to have abated, or disadvantage seems unavoidable. The mindsets of competition and contingency are not only relevant to the evolution of Sino–Indian relations, but also explain how Indian policymakers behave and respond in international society.
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Menicocci, Stefano, Viviana Lupo, Silvia Ferrara, Andrea Giorgi, Eleonora Serra, Fabio Babiloni, and Gianluca Borghini. "Fake-News Attitude Evaluation in Terms of Visual Attention and Personality Traits: A Preliminary Study for Mitigating the Cognitive Warfare." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 11 (November 1, 2024): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14111026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the Internet grants access to a large amount of information, it is crucial to verify its reliability before relying on it. False information is a dangerous medium that poses a considerable threat, as it impacts individuals’ perceptions and information processing, eventually shaping people’s behaviors. Misinformation can be weaponized, especially in cross-border conflicts, where it can be used as a means to erode social cohesion by manipulating public opinion and exacerbate tensions between nations. Cognitive Warfare targets human cognition shaping to be a realm of warfare. It entails the synergy of activities designed to alter perceptions of reality, along with other Instruments of Power, to affect attitudes and behaviors by influencing, protecting, or disrupting cognition on an individual, group, or population level to gain an advantage over an opponent. The objective of our study was to identify behavioral patterns and profile personality traits most likely to accept fake news as true, aiming to mitigate the phenomenon and impact of misinformation and disinformation, as well as addressing the concerning effects of Cognitive Warfare. Based on the Big Five Theory model, we investigated the variation in visual attention and level of Conscientiousness, Open-Mindedness, and Emotional Stability in regard to the capability to detect fake news. In this study, we measured Implicit reaction time (IRT) and visual behavior (Eye Tracker) while participants were shown both fake and real news. The results indicated that subjects who were able to differentiate between fake news and real news tended to exhibit lower levels of Open-Mindedness and focused heavily on the visual elements of the posts.
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Spinelli, Donatella, Gabriella Antonucci, Maria Luisa Martelli, and Pierluigi Zoccolotti. "Large Errors in the Perception of Verticality are Generated by Luminance Borders (Integrated across Space) Not by Subjective Borders." Perception 30, no. 2 (February 2001): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rod-and-frame illusion shows large errors in the judgment of visual vertical in the dark if the frame is large and there are no other visible cues (Witkin and Asch, 1948 Journal of Experimental Psychology38 762–782). Three experiments were performed to investigate other characteristics of the frame critical for generating these large errors. In the first experiment, the illusion produced by an 11° tilted frame made by luminance borders (standard condition) was considerably larger than that produced by a subjective-contour frame. In the second experiment, with a 33° frame tilt, the illusion was in the direction of frame tilt with a luminance-border frame but in the opposite direction in the subjective-contour condition. In the third experiment, to contrast the role of local and global orientation, the sides of the frame were made of short separate luminous segments. The segments could be oriented in the same direction as the frame sides, in the opposite direction, or could be vertical. The orientation of the global frame dominated the illusion while local orientation produced much smaller effects. Overall, to generate a large rod-and-frame illusion in the dark, the tilted frame must have luminance, not subjective, contours. Luminance borders do not need to be continuous: a frame made of sparse segments is also effective. The mechanism responsible for the large orientation illusion is driven by integrators of orientation across large areas, not by figural operators extracting shape orientation in the absence of oriented contours.
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Mather, George, and David R. R. Smith. "Blur Discrimination and its Relation to Blur-Mediated Depth Perception." Perception 31, no. 10 (October 2002): 1211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Retinal images of three-dimensional scenes often contain regions that are spatially blurred by different amounts, owing to depth variation in the scene and depth-of-focus limitations in the eye. Variations in blur between regions in the retinal image therefore offer a cue to their relative physical depths. In the first experiment we investigated apparent depth ordering in images containing two regions of random texture separated by a vertical sinusoidal border. The texture was sharp on one side of the border, and blurred on the other side. In some presentations the border itself was also blurred. Results showed that blur variation alone is sufficient to determine the apparent depth ordering. A subsequent series of experiments measured blur-discrimination thresholds with stimuli similar to those used in the depth-ordering experiment. Weber fractions for blur discrimination ranged from 0.28 to 0.56. It is concluded that the utility of blur variation as a depth cue is constrained by the relatively mediocre ability of observers to discriminate different levels of blur. Blur is best viewed as a relatively coarse, qualitative depth cue.
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Danielyan, N. V. "Social Character of Artificial Intelligence Technologies." Philosophical Problems of IT & Cyberspace (PhilIT&C), no. 2 (December 18, 2023): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17726/philit.2023.2.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers modern transformations of the ideas concerning subject’s cognitive abilities towards object because of the emergence and development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The developments of scientists and engineers from National Research University of Electronic Technology (Moscow, Russia) in the field of artificial intelligence have been taken as a foundation and material of this research. Their analysis allows making a conclusion that the humanity is rather far from the realization of ‘strong artificial intelligence’. We need a qualitative breakthrough in AI material and technological basis for it. Applying ‘model-dependent realism’ by S. Hawking in the course of the speculations in the article, the author concludes that the purpose of cognition in modern science is not to describe an objective reality, but to organize its subjective perception by some definite way. So, the purpose of cognition is the perfection of cognition models permitting a subject ‘to capture’ the reality. This idea is completely confirmed by Maturana and Varela’s autopoiesis theory and von Foerster’s ‘second-order cybernetics’. The article drafts some prospects of moving away from post-nonclassical scientific thinking in its current understanding, because the development of AI technologies results in ‘blurring’ borders of subjectivity in the cognition process. The author concludes that the modern world is moving in another epistemological paradigm where a new scientific revolution is inevitable.
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Theingi, Theingi, Hla Theingi, and Sharon Purchase. "Cross-border remittance between emerging economies: an institutional perspective." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 32, no. 6 (July 3, 2017): 786–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-06-2015-0112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how institutional mechanisms operate within both formal and informal channels of cross-border remittance. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face interviews were conducted with Myanmar migrants mostly working in Thailand. Thematic coding was used to analyze field notes and identify themes in channel member perceptions and institutional environmental process. Findings Informal money transfer channels have achieved higher levels of legitimacy when compared to formal channels. Channel legitimacy is a more important attribute than efficiency. Lack of financial infrastructure, such as bank branches and ATM machines particularly in rural or outlying areas of Myanmar, the requirements for formal documentation and language and communication are the major institutional constraints that encourage the development and use of multiple channels in Myanmar. Formal money transfer channels develop with stronger regulative institutional processes, whereas informal money transfer channels develop with stronger cultural-cognitive and normative institutional processes. Research limitations/implications Using convenience sample of remitters mainly from one area of Thailand and other channel members from Yangon, the financial capital of Myanmar, may limit the applicability of the findings, which calls for future research. Practical implications Banks and money transfer offices need to improve legitimacy perception within migrant communities by building stronger networks with local banks and international banks. They could provide Myanmar speaking front-line service personnel and include brochures in the Myanmar language to improve the communication process. The findings and recommendations from this study are also applicable to informal channels and formal financial institutions in other ASEAN countries that are preparing to make investments in Myanmar. Moreover, Myanmar banks should also consider opening branches to cater for Myanmar workers in ASEAN, especially in Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. Originality value This paper applies institutional theory within channels, investigates the context of a financial channel rather than a product channel, addresses the importance of institutional environmental mechanisms and constraints in influencing channel behavior and is embedded in the situational context of Myanmar, a newly opened South-East Asian economy where little prior research has been conducted.
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Kojo, Ilpo, Marja Liinasuo, and Jyrki Rovamo. "Three-Dimensional Illusory Objects Produced by Rotation in Depth." Perception 23, no. 8 (August 1994): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rotation of a Kanizsa triangle in depth around its vertical axis causes a perception of a three-dimensional object with a flat, rigid illusory triangle between the inducing discs. When the inducing discs of a Kanizsa triangle were made thicker, the illusory triangle between the discs also became thicker. In the experiments both computer animation and real inducers made of plastic were used. The method promoted border perception in a three-dimensional illusory figure. We suggest that the perception of three-dimensional illusory objects is due to a process which is also used in the perception of real three-dimensional objects.
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Friedrich, Manfred. "Polarization Microscopy as an Art Tool: Border Crossing between Art and Nature." Leonardo 36, no. 3 (June 2003): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409403321921415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Until recently, polarization microscopy has been little developed as an art tool. It holds, however, an enormous aesthetic potential. The author first reviews the theoretical and technical background of polarization microscopy and then discusses how selected microscopic structures imaged via polarization microscopy can be represented according to the artist's individual aesthetic choices, the most important of which is color design by interference. The conscious perception of the pictures by the observer is discussed on the basis of our present knowledge of cognitive neurosciences. Polarization microscopy leads to a crossing of the boundaries between nature and the forms of non-representational painting.
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Pyatnitskiy, N. Yu. "Understanding of “Feeling” and “Self-Consciousness” on the Border of the XIX–XX Centuries and M. Loewy’s Concept of Depersonalization." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-2-104-115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim was to review the understanding of the phenomena of “feeling” and “self-consciousness” in the concepts of the leading European scientists at the second half of XIX — beginning of the XX centuries.Method: H.R. Lotze, I.M. Sechenov, A. Bain, W. Wundt, G. Stoerring, Th. Lipps, K. Oesterreich, E. Kraepelin and some others are analyzed.Conclusion: while Th. Lipps, H.R. Lotze, W. Wundt and K. Oesterreich were striving for strict differentiation of the notions of “sensations” and “feelings”, A. Bain, I.M. Sechenov, G. Stoerring were not following an effi cient distinction of these phenomena. H.R. Lotze, I.M. Sechenov, A. Bain distinguished in the consciousness and self-consciousness the affective and intellectual components; Th. Lipps considered as the core of self-consciousness the feelings that were very manifold and accompanied different mental acts including the act of perception: “perceptions feeling”. G. Stoerring paid attention to the lack of the feeling of activity by depersonalization, and the Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist M. Loewy elaborated the concept of “ubiquitous” “action feelings” (Actionsgefuehle) that exist outside of “pleasure — displeasure” modality. According to M. Loewy’s concept every mental act is accompanied normally by two “feelings of act”: general and specifi c, in the abnormal case one or both of them may disappear. The clinical description of weakening or loss of the action feelings: impulse feeling, perception feeling of vital sensation, perception feelings of sensations from organs of sense, “feelings of the feeling process”, “thinking feeling”, M. Loewy accomplished by “personalizing” approach to the account of one of his patient, Russian female student. M. Loewy considered the depersonalization disorders in this case as a symbolic neurosis according to S. Freud and as a psychasthenia according to P. Janet. Although E. Kraepelin defi ned selfconsciousness as merely cognitive phenomenon he interpreted depersonalization as a kind of emotional disturbance including the disorders on the level of sensations in the frames of light depressive phase of the manic-depressive illness. The M. Loewy’s concept of the “action feelings” can be applied not only for the understanding of “neurotic” depersonalization but also for depersonalization cases on the ground of depressive and mixed phase affective states.
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Kogo, Naoki, and Johan Wagemans. "The emergent property of border-ownership and the perception of illusory surfaces in a dynamic hierarchical system." Cognitive Neuroscience 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2012.754750.
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Blaszczyk, Janusz W., Paul D. Hansen, and Deborah L. Lowe. "Postural Sway and Perception of the Upright Stance Stability Borders." Perception 22, no. 11 (November 1993): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decline in the perception of the borders of postural stability due to increase in sway was evaluated in young and elderly subjects. Ranges of lateral and anteroposterior postural sway were measured in eleven young and eleven elderly subjects during maximum voluntary excursions of center of gravity while leaning forward, backward, left, and right. In both age groups, displacement of the center of gravity out of the reference position resulted in increases in the range of sway in the plane corresponding to the direction of lean. Young subjects who further displaced their center of gravity within the base of support also exhibited significantly elevated anteroposterior sway range while leaning forward and backward, both in eyes-closed and in eyes-open experimental conditions. The elderly subjects, however, showed greater mediolateral oscillation of center of gravity while leaning forward with their eyes open. No significant intergroup differences in the anteroposterior sway range during leans in the mediolateral plane were found. However, a greater mediolateral component of sway range at lateral borders of stability was observed in the young adults. Analysis of signal-to-noise ratios indicated a greater decline in stability control in the elderly, due to impairment of perception of postural stability borders.
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Bianchi, Ivana, and Roberto Burro. "The Experimental Phenomenology of Perception. A Collective Reflection on the Present and Future of this Approach." Gestalt Theory 44, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gth-2022-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary The paper presents the result of a collective reflection inspired by the individual suggestions of 30 researchers working in different research areas. They are all familiar with the Experimental Phenomenology of Perception, and are aware of the importance that this approach might represent nowadays in their specific research field. The picture that emerges from this ‘mosaic’ stimulates us to consider the potential future developments of this approach if we accept that we need to push its borders beyond the traditional aims of the study of perception (as masterfully developed by the historic Italian Maestri of this approach). If we take this broader view, the Experimental Phenomenology of Perception can extend its perimeters from an analysis of strictly perceptual aspects to an analysis of cognitive and metacognitive aspects (such as aesthetic evaluations, the perception of risk, the experience of certainty/uncertainty in a reasoning process, the perception of proximity to/distance from the solution to a problem and meaning-making in language). The cognitive and metacognitive aspects referred to are grounded in and modelled on the perceiver’s experience of a given situation.
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CHARISI, Konstantinos, Andreas TSIGOPOULOS, Spyridon KINTZIOS, and Vassilis PAPATAXIARHIS. "ARESIBO HORIZON 2020 EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECT – ENRICHED SITUATION AWARENESS FOR BORDER SURVEILLANCE." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The paper aims to introduce the ARESIBO project to a greater but targeted audience and outline its main scope and achievements. ARESIBO stands for “Augmented Reality Enriched Situation awareness for Border security”. In the recent years, border security has become one of the highest political priorities in EU and needs the support of every Member State. ARESIBO project is developed under HORIZON 2020 EC Research and Innovation program and it is the joint effort of 20 participant entities from 11 countries. Scientific excellence and technological innovation are top priorities as ARESIBO enhances the current state-of-the-art through technological breakthroughs in Mobile Augmented Reality and Wearables, Robust and Secure Telecommunications, Robots swarming technique and Planning of Context-Aware Autonomous Missions, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in order to implement user-friendly tools for border and coast guards. The system aims to improve the cognitive capabilities and the perception of border guards through intuitive user interfaces that will help them acquire an improved situation awareness by filtering the huge amount of available information from multiple sources. Ultimately, it will help them respond faster and more effectively when a critical situation occurs.
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Tavares, James. "Between World Borders:." Canadian Journal of Children's Rights / Revue canadienne des droits des enfants 6, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjcr.v6i1.1919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores from a critical mad studies perspective, the under-investigated relationship between madness and constructions of childhood. Through analyzing a video published by the Oprah Winfrey Network on YouTube where the host conducts an ‘interview’ with a young girl labelled with ‘childhood schizophrenia’ named Jani, I argue mad experiences of children are doubly characterized as dubious. Beyond dubious, they are conceptualized as a form of human experience so unfamiliar to sane adult perceptions they become conceptualized as entertainment. Moreover, I contend viewing the different psychogeographies or world(s) of mad people, more specifically children, that are not omnipresent to sane and mad minds alike, as farcical or disordered is problematic as it excises these realities are in fact real to those who experience them. This paper asserts the sanist move to only consider the shared phenomenological conscious experiences of populations at large is a form of cognitive injustice that ignores the multiplicity of realities that exist. What I propose towards the end of the paper is that scholarly analysis consider individuals as individuals, rather than what their subjective intersectional identities culturally demarcate. What mad positive futures can be imagined if we dare to consider Jani as Jani and not a ‘crazy little girl?
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Santi, Andrea, Philip Servos, Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson, Takaaki Kuratate, and Kevin Munhall. "Perceiving Biological Motion: Dissociating Visible Speech from Walking." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (August 1, 2003): 800–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322370726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neuropsychological research suggests that the neural system underlying visible speech on the basis of kinematics is distinct from the system underlying visible speech of static images of the face and identifying whole-body actions from kinematics alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural systems underlying point-light visible speech, as well as perception of a walking/jumping point-light body, to determine if they are independent. Although both point-light stimuli produced overlapping activation in the right middle occipital gyrus encompassing area KO and the right inferior temporal gyrus, they also activated distinct areas. Perception of walking biological motion activated a medial occipital area along the lingual gyrus close to the cuneus border, and the ventromedial frontal cortex, neither of which was activated by visible speech biological motion. In contrast, perception of visible speech biological motion activated right V5 and a network of motor-related areas (Broca's area, PM, M1, and supplementary motor area (SMA)), none of which were activated by walking biological motion. Many of the areas activated by seeing visible speech biological motion are similar to those activated while speechreading from an actual face, with the exception of M1 and medial SMA. The motor-related areas found to be active during point-light visible speech are consistent with recent work characterizing the human “mirror” system (Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese, & Fogassi, 1996).
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Al Sawy, Yaser Mohammad, and Feras Mohammed Al-Madani. "Role of social media in academic achievement among Northern Border University sudents." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 38 (April 12, 2021): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.38.02.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aimed to measure the impact of social media on academic achievement among a sample of Northern Border University students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study seeks to reach a cognitive perception to recognize the effect of using social media on academic achievement in university students. It relied upon the quantitative and qualitative distribution of each type of social media application among students to determine the importance of social media informing study groups amongst themselves and with faculty members. This helped to identify the negative and positive effects of using social media applications on the process of academic achievement among Northern Border University students. To achieve those objectives, the researchers used the descriptive survey methodology, with the questionnaire used as a study tool. The most prominent results showed that a wide range of students at the University is highly interested in using social media in academic achievement and in communicating with the Faculty members. The study also concluded with a proposal to increase the activation of social media as an important tool for increasing the rate of academic achievement among Northern Border University students.
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Häkkinen, Jukka, and Göte Nyman. "Occlusion Constraints and Stereoscopic Slant." Perception 26, no. 1 (January 1997): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In binocular vision horizontal magnification of one retinal image leads to a percept of three-dimensional slant around a vertical axis. It is demonstrated that the perception of slant is diminished when an occlusion interpretation is possible. A frontoparallel plane located in the immediate vicinity of a slanted surface in a location which allows a perception of occlusion reduces the magnitude of perceived slant significantly. When the same plane is placed on the other side, the slant perception is normal because there is no alternative occlusion interpretation. The results indicate that a common border between the occluder and a slanted surface is not a necessary condition for the reduction effect. If the edges are displaced and the edge of the slanted surface is placed in a location in which it could be occluded, the effect still appears.
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Tivadar, Ruxandra I., Anna Gaglianese, and Micah M. Murray. "Auditory Enhancement of Illusory Contour Perception." Multisensory Research 34, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Illusory contours (ICs) are borders that are perceived in the absence of contrast gradients. Until recently, IC processes were considered exclusively visual in nature and presumed to be unaffected by information from other senses. Electrophysiological data in humans indicates that sounds can enhance IC processes. Despite cross-modal enhancement being observed at the neurophysiological level, to date there is no evidence of direct amplification of behavioural performance in IC processing by sounds. We addressed this knowledge gap. Healthy adults () discriminated instances when inducers were arranged to form an IC from instances when no IC was formed (NC). Inducers were low-constrast and masked, and there was continuous background acoustic noise throughout a block of trials. On half of the trials, i.e., independently of IC vs NC, a 1000-Hz tone was presented synchronously with the inducer stimuli. Sound presence improved the accuracy of indicating when an IC was presented, but had no impact on performance with NC stimuli (significant IC presence/absence × Sound presence/absence interaction). There was no evidence that this was due to general alerting or to a speed–accuracy trade-off (no main effect of sound presence on accuracy rates and no comparable significant interaction on reaction times). Moreover, sound presence increased sensitivity and reduced bias on the IC vs NC discrimination task. These results demonstrate that multisensory processes augment mid-level visual functions, exemplified by IC processes. Aside from the impact on neurobiological and computational models of vision, our findings may prove clinically beneficial for low-vision or sight-restored patients.
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Stuart, Geoffrey W., Terence R. J. Bossomaier, and Sue Johnson. "Preattentive Processing of Object Size: Implications for Theories of Size Perception." Perception 22, no. 10 (October 1993): 1175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Information about the visual angle size of objects is important for maintaining object constancy with variations in viewing distance. Although human observers are quite accurate at judging spatial separations (or cross-sectional size), they are prone to error when there are other spans nearby, as in classical illusions such as the Müller-Lyer illusion. It is possible to reconcile these aspects of size perception by assuming that the size domain is sampled sparsely. It was shown by means of a visual search procedure that the size of objects is processed preattentively and in parallel across the visual field. It was demonstrated that an object's size, rather than its boundary curvature or spatial-frequency content, provides the basis for parallel visual search. It was also shown that texture borders could be substituted for luminance borders, indicating that object boundaries at the relevant spatial scale provide the input to size perception. Parallel processing imposes a severe computational constraint which provides support for the assumption of sparse sampling. An economical model based on several broadly tuned layers of size detectors is proposed to account for the parallel extraction of size, the Weberian behaviour of size discrimination, and the occurrence of strong interference effects in the size domain.
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Brancucci, Alfredo, Giuliana Lucci, Andrea Mazzatenta, and Luca Tommasi. "Asymmetries of the human social brain in the visual, auditory and chemical modalities." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1519 (December 4, 2008): 895–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Structural and functional asymmetries are present in many regions of the human brain responsible for motor control, sensory and cognitive functions and communication. Here, we focus on hemispheric asymmetries underlying the domain of social perception, broadly conceived as the analysis of information about other individuals based on acoustic, visual and chemical signals. By means of these cues the brain establishes the border between ‘self’ and ‘other’, and interprets the surrounding social world in terms of the physical and behavioural characteristics of conspecifics essential for impression formation and for creating bonds and relationships. We show that, considered from the standpoint of single- and multi-modal sensory analysis, the neural substrates of the perception of voices, faces, gestures, smells and pheromones, as evidenced by modern neuroimaging techniques, are characterized by a general pattern of right-hemispheric functional asymmetry that might benefit from other aspects of hemispheric lateralization rather than constituting a true specialization for social information.
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Danecka, Marta, Zofia Kinowska-Mazaraki, Anna Machcewicz, and Ewa Nalewajko. "The Phenomenon of Social Mobilization in a Situation of Crisis at the Border: Environment, Resources and Social Innovations." Studia Polityczne 51, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/stp.2023.51.4.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article, we analyze the specificity of the active response of residents of the eastern border areas to unexpected and sudden events in their surroundings: the wave of migrants from Africa and the Middle East since mid-2021 at the border with Belarus and the mass exodus of people from Ukraine as a result of the Russian invasion in February 2022. We are looking for confirmation of the thesis that the development potential of the crisis exists and we are testing hypotheses regarding the role of the social and institutional environment in the manifestation of this potential. We present the results of a field study devoted to: the perception of the social environment of activists for migrants – as a factor encouraging them to provide help or demobilizing them; analysis of forms and methods of operation with particular emphasis on their innovative nature; the course and effects of aid activities from the perspective of generating, using, exchanging and consolidating cognitive and social resources in local environments confronted with the crisis.
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Manskov, Alexey A. "Sight and hearing in the artistic world of S. D. Krzhizhanovsky." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 1 (2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The artistic consciousness of S. D. Krzhizhanovsky is characterized by creating unique mythology, with significant places occupied by sensory perception of reality: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, taste. Visual and auditory perceptions dominate due to their functionality: a person receives the information mainly through sight and hearing. The appeal to audiovisual themes in “Tales for prodigies” is determined by author’s biographical code (poor eyesight, lifelong passion for music) and the cultural context. The literature of the first third of the 20th century is rich in images associated with vision and hearing. On the one hand, Krzhizhanovsky follows the traditions of the “Silver Age”. On the other hand, his works feature common motifs of the works of contemporary writers. The similarity of motifs can be explained by the general spirit of the eve of world wars and revolutions. Sight and hearing become sacralized instruments of spiritual cognition. Sacralization of the senses is carried out through the interaction of auditory and visual codes with death. Death is the main semantic category in Krzhizhanovsky’s short stories and novels. Through the special sensory system, his characters manage to overcome the borders of the familiar world and perceive phenomena hidden from the ordinary eye, realizing the eschatological nature of the world and its apocalyptic nature. A new vision is like physical death to them because they can no longer perceive the world as before. Meanwhile, the world moves steadily toward destruction, with a new resurrection to life being absolutely impossible.
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Egorova, Victoria G., and Oxana F. Zadobrivscaia. "Container Scheme-Image and Its Types: English Phrasal Verbs of Cognitive Activity." SibScript 25, no. 4 (September 25, 2023): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/sibscript-2023-25-4-433-440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article features the compositional semantics of phrasal verbs that denote a cognitive activity, as well as the interaction between their conceptual structure and the particle. The conceptual structures of these components can be described as mental schemes, e.g., a container with a certain vector of cognitive projection, and a number of subtypes. The compositional semantics of phrasal verbs of cognitive activity revealed that the interaction between the conceptual structure of the verb and the particle is a cognitive mechanism that develops its semantics. The container metaphor is based on the semantic potential of the verbal component and such particles as in, out, and through. These particles are usually combined with verbs of movement, physical activity, and perception. As part of phrasal verbs of mental activity, they realize the following prototypical concepts: the subject / object of the action gets into / penetrates into the container, is out / outside of the container, or crosses the border of the container, respectively. The role of the container belongs not to real objects, but to abstract entities, e.g., memory, consciousness, attention, feelings, thoughts, etc., as well as various physical and mental states or situations in which objects are immersed.
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Ozker, Muge, Inga M. Schepers, John F. Magnotti, Daniel Yoshor, and Michael S. Beauchamp. "A Double Dissociation between Anterior and Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus for Processing Audiovisual Speech Demonstrated by Electrocorticography." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 6 (June 2017): 1044–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human speech can be comprehended using only auditory information from the talker's voice. However, comprehension is improved if the talker's face is visible, especially if the auditory information is degraded as occurs in noisy environments or with hearing loss. We explored the neural substrates of audiovisual speech perception using electrocorticography, direct recording of neural activity using electrodes implanted on the cortical surface. We observed a double dissociation in the responses to audiovisual speech with clear and noisy auditory component within the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a region long known to be important for speech perception. Anterior STG showed greater neural activity to audiovisual speech with clear auditory component, whereas posterior STG showed similar or greater neural activity to audiovisual speech in which the speech was replaced with speech-like noise. A distinct border between the two response patterns was observed, demarcated by a landmark corresponding to the posterior margin of Heschl's gyrus. To further investigate the computational roles of both regions, we considered Bayesian models of multisensory integration, which predict that combining the independent sources of information available from different modalities should reduce variability in the neural responses. We tested this prediction by measuring the variability of the neural responses to single audiovisual words. Posterior STG showed smaller variability than anterior STG during presentation of audiovisual speech with noisy auditory component. Taken together, these results suggest that posterior STG but not anterior STG is important for multisensory integration of noisy auditory and visual speech.
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Seif, Farouk Y. "De-Sign as a Destiny of Negation." American Journal of Semiotics 36, no. 3 (2020): 179–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ajs202112066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Boundaries and borders are undefined and ambiguous paradoxical phenomena, but there is a prevalent repudiation of their ephemerality and transitoriness. Crossing unaccustomed boundaries and traversing untried borders can be achieved by understanding the boundless scope of design and semiotics. Since the idea of design and the doctrine of signs are not restricted by either the humanities or sciences, De-sign (fusion of design and signs) is a boundaryless and transdisciplinary perspective that cannot tolerate cultural enclaves, social dogmas, and an insistence on absolute reality. Engaging in the de-sign process is a journey of negation through which human beings can traverse unfamiliar borders while maintaining their familiar boundaries. In negation, we experience paradoxical thinking and cognitive dissonance, which are associated with all antinomies intrinsic to De-sign. These antinomies can be endured by recognizing the audacity of design and the resilient role of signs. Negation goes beyond the perception of rigid borders and the acceptance of absolute boundaries, which frequently incite ethnocentrism and trigger xenophobia. The destiny of negation depends on a sense of wonder, awareness of epistemological fallibilism, and uncommon sense in order to persevere through contradictions between distinctiveness and sameness. Axiologically, where establishing boundaries can maintain identities, traversing borders can never diminish distinctiveness. Paradoxically, by delving into unfamiliar boundaries and crossing over untried borders, we discover ways to transform our own boundaries and reframe our conception of borders. Boundaries are more than barriers; the distances between them are bridges of invisible relations for thrivability and breakthrough insights.
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Oluremi, Tolulope. "Metaphors in Newspaper Reports on Nigeria 2005 Banks Recapitalisation." Linguistik Online 112, no. 7 (December 15, 2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.112.8262.
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This article investigates metaphors in newspaper reports that border on mergers and acquisitions within the 2005 recapitalisation exercise in Nigeria. It considers conceptual metaphors used in depicting mergers and acquisitions among Nigerian banks and how they are deployed by journalists in shaping readers’ perception of the mergers and acquisitions activities. Data for the study comprise thirty purposively sampled articles on recapitalisation published between year 2004 and 2006, in three selected Nigerian newspapers: Business Day, The Punch and ThisDay, which had relevance, wide circulation and adequate reports on economic issues in Nigeria. Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory provides the theoretical perspective for the data analysis. The study reveals two conceptual metaphors: MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS AS WAR and MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS AS CONNUBIAL RELATIONS. The metaphors of war influence readers’ perception of the mergers and acquisitions exercise as a corporate management task that is highly indispensable, confrontational and susceptible to aggression considering the appalling state of the Nigeria banking sector and the huge recapitalisation funds required of individual banks. While the connubial metaphors offered readers a perception of an important exercise that entails due process, cooperation, and togetherness in achieving the stipulated recapitalisation funds. Metaphors perform multifarious functions in the construction and comprehension of financial issues. They are not the consequence of genus, but the sequence of motivated cognitive devices used by Nigerian journalists in rendering contemporary Nigerian issues.
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Angelelli, Claudia Viviana. "Looking back: A study of (ad-hoc) family interpreters." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractChild-brokering (MediAzioni 2010) lies on the continuum of ad-hoc translation/interpreting. Using various field-specific lenses, from educational linguistics, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, communication, and translation/interpreting studies, the case of bilingual youngsters and children who have interpreted for their families and immediate communities has been the focus of different studies (e.g. Bialystock & Hakuta 1999; Borrero 2006; Cline, Crafter and Prokopiou; Orellana 2003, Valdés, Chavez and Angelelli et al. 2000, Valdés, Chavez, Angelelli 2003) with different linguistic groups of various ages in different parts of the world. Focusing on Latinos who live on the US/Mexico border and using a mixed paradigm, in this study we analyze the ways in which Spanish/English bilinguals perceive, discuss and characterize their experiences as they continue to broker communication for their families and immediate communities. We focus on youngsters’ perceived agency and explanations of the relationship between child-language brokering and academic achievement. The findings reported here are part of a larger study that includes the adaptation of a valid and reliable instrument to measure bilingual youngsters’ perceptions about their role (Angelelli 2014 and 2015), its administration and results, and their recall during interviews. Since most/many of the public-service/community interpreters of today were interpreters in their late childhood and adolescence, understanding their life experiences and perceptions of their roles as family language brokers is important for interpreter educators (Angelelli 2010b). In addition, research on bilingual youngsters and children brokering communication for adults allows us to problematize the constructs of language access and language policies of the societies these bilinguals inhabit (Angelelli 2010a). The results have theoretical and practical implications for current conceptualizations of multilingual societies, border areas, community interpreting (interpreting in public services) and for teaching and testing of interpreters.
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Dyan Nofa Harumike, Yefi, and Gede Dhana Saputra. "PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TENTANG BERITA PENETAPAN INVASI PANDEMIK NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (2019-nCoV) DAN TATANAN HIDUP BARU PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM." JOSAR (Journal of Students Academic Research) 9, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/josar.v9i1.2785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It’s been being public consumption globally the news about new disease that came from Wuhan, China. This also caused a lot of anxiety to the several levels of society. Because, the transmission of this disease is very fast. Its called severe acute respiratory syndrom (SARS) that has been appeared in mid-December 2019. This time it appear with a new form called SARS-CoV-2 as the caused of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic which causes respiratory system disorder, acute pneumonia, until death.
With the information that determines the percentage of virus transmission above make Indonesian people in particular experience excessive anxiety to the death will cause emotional dysfunction such neuroticism, depression, and psycosomatic disorder.
With a massive news development of this Covid-19 everyday as the news headline, the government try to enforce the new normal policies that will no border to the public activity of course with the awarness of the health protocol.
The perception that formed in to college student about the news of confirmation pandemic invasion of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and new normal life on social media instagram between one to another was not the same because affected by several factors and caused some perception effect to the communicant. Such as cognitive effect, affection effect, and behavioral effect that surely affect to the their daily activity.
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Reeves, Daniel, and Tomáš Havlíček. "Children’s perceptions of local religious sites in rural central Europe: case studies in the Czech-Polish and Polish-Slovak borderland." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica, no. 35 (March 30, 2019): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-1117.35.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on the local identities of children living in rural towns of Czechia, Poland and Slovakia. Cognitive maps, drawn by elementary school students in geographically proximate municipalities near international borders, provide a means of investigating the significance of local religious sites in the minds of young people. This research successfully examines everyday interactions between the subjects and their local landscape. It seeks to highlight religious elements of local identities.
The methods employed in this research present a more humanistic and qualitative approach, shedding light on the daily experiences of children in rural settings. Recognizing the inclusion and even the placement and artistic details of a religious site in a child-drawn map is a powerful way to move research “beyond the ‘officially sacred’”. The methods also allow for a blending of both passive – including a religious site in a cognitive map – and active – ranking a religious site among the top three important places – declarations of a religious element within local, territorial identity.
This study demonstrates how children use elements of the local religious landscape in constructing and re-constructing their community identity. The two Slovak municipalities showed the greatest affinity for religious elements among the expressions of local identity (children’s cognitive maps). Poland’s municipalities ranked in the middle and the two Czech municipalities scored lowest in terms of religious sites being considered important to the research participants.
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Houran, James, and Rense Lange. "Hallucinations That Comfort: Contextual Mediation of Deathbed Visions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1997): 1491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3c.1491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A sample of 49 accounts of deathbed visions from Barrett's 1926 classic collection were analyzed using the classification scheme for contextual variables proposed recently by Lange, Houran, Harte, and Havens. Consistent with previous research, the contents of the contextual variables operating during these deathbed visions were consistent with the contents of the percipients' experiences. In addition, contextual variables were related to the modalities of the experiences, e.g., visual, auditory, and sensed presences, as well as the number of contents, e.g., deceased relatives, angelic beings, and the perception of symbolic borders or limits including water and heavenly gates, as perceived during the dying process. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that deathbed visions are comforting hallucinations and that contextual variables serve to structure these otherwise ambiguous experiences.
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Šerić, Neven, Lidija Bagarić, Anđela Jakšić Stojanović, and Nevena Keković. "Testing of the Model of Creating a Specialized Tourist Product for Post-COVID Time." Transactions on Maritime Science 10, no. 2 (October 21, 2021): 526–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v10.n02.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Specialized tourists offer in the post covid time is an important reason in choosing the destination to travel to. A new perception of this offer puts new challenges to those who design such offers. Most specialized offers are the result of entrepreneurial initiative and intuition. Authors have dealt with the creation of such offers as an important destination concurrent factor in their own cross-border cooperation. Based on their findings, they have developed a model of creating specialized tourism products for post covid time by linking core, additional, and expanded contents with brand creation and the marketing strategy. In this paper authors continue their research by testing that model through two platforms: desk research of the latest cognitions related to the repercussions of Covid-19 on tourist mind, and on a convenient sample of connoisseurs. The testing of the model is connected with one case study in which authors cooperate in practice. The findings have been tested through a survey on a sample of experts (representatives of travel agencies) related to their experiences in sales for 2020 and 2021.They have also found important changes in tourist perception of specialized tourist product. The findings offer the answers as to why the basic contents of the specialized tourist offer is no longer sufficient, as well as a way for developing additional and expanded contents, on which the brand and brand management activities in the post corona period should be primarily based, i.e. on what to base the marketing strategies in the post covid time.
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Babelyuk, Oksana, Olena Koliasa, Lidiia Matsevko-Bekerska, Olena Matuzkova, and Nina Pavlenko. "The Interaction of Possible Worlds through the Prism of Cognitive Narratology." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the analysis of literary narrative where a possible unreal fictional world and a possible real fictional world usually coexist. When the norms of life plausibility are consciously violated, the real and the unreal possible worlds are emphatically opposed. Hence, their certain aspects are depicted in a fantastically exaggerated form. The interaction of possible worlds in a literary narrative destroys the stereotypes of the reader’s perception. It can occur in different planes: structural (a shift of plot elements of the story, transformation, unusual, sharp turns of the borrowed plot, violations of a plotline); fictional (a combination of real and fantastic features in one image); temporal (violations of the chronological flow of time, a shift of time flow); spatial (expansion or contraction of space, magical spatial formations, displacements, deformations). By their nature, the interaction of different possible worlds can be continuous, partial, and fragmentary; resulting from their boundaries may overlap or be violated (entirely or partially). The continuous interaction of different possible worlds, destruction of their borders, although they do not disappear completely, make them largely blurred, interpenetrating each other. In the case of partial interaction of possible worlds, their boundaries intersect. In the case of fragmentary interaction of possible worlds, their common points are slightly visible, for example, only the borrowed title of a literary work or a character’s name, or a fantastic concrete event or a place of the event.