Готові списки джерел за темами / PERCENTAGE ELONGATION

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "PERCENTAGE ELONGATION"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "PERCENTAGE ELONGATION"

Wei, Lin Na, and Li Hua Chen. "Research on Influence of Pre-Tension on Elongation Percentage at Specified Load for Knits." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.706.

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In this paper, the influence of pre-tension on elongation percentage at specified load for knits was studied .First of all, initial elongation and elongation percentage at specified load for different retractility knits were tested and analyzed at different pre-tension. And then significance of influence of pre-tension on initial elongation and elongation percentage at specified load for knits were analyzed by means of variance analysis. Results show that the pre-tension has significant influence on initial elongation for different retractility knits, and it has no significant influence on elongation percentage at specified load for little retractility knits, and it has significant influence on elongation percentage at specified load for well retractility knits. The greater the pre-tension is, the more significant the influence is, Therefore it is suggested that pre-tension is generally less than 0.1N in the test.The research results can provide a certain reference to stretch and recovery test for knits and test standard recension .

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Singh, Brijpal, Zahid A. Khan, A. N. Siddiquee, Sachin Maheswari, and Satish Kumar Sharma. "Effect of Flux Composition on the Percentage Elongation and Tensile Strength of Welds in Submerged Arc Welding." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/meceng-2016-0019.

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Abstract This experimental study reveals the effects of CaF2, FeMn and NiO additions to the base fluxes on tensile strength and percentage elongation of the weld metal. The aim of this study is to develop suitable flux for mild steel for high tensile strength, impact strength and ductility. Bead on plate welds were made using submerged arc welding process. Mathematical model for percentage elongation and UTS of mild steel welds were made. The elements transfer to the welds have been correlated with the above mechanical performance characteristics. The effect of oxygen content on weld elongation and UTS also has been deduced. This study shows that CaF2 and NiO are the significant factors for tensile strength while FeMn is not significant for tensile strength. However, for elongation besides CaF2, the interaction of CaF2 and FeMn was also found significant. The effects of basicity index of the flux and carbon equivalent of the welds on tensile strength and percentage elongation of the welds have also been evaluated.

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Mutombo, Kalenda, P. Rossouw, and G. Govender. "Mechanical Properties of Mill-Annealed Ti6Al4V Investment Cast." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.69.

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Ti6Al4V alloy, produced by investment casting using yttria stabilized zirconia, was machined and then mill-annealed in vacuum furnace. The ultimate strength, yield strength and percentage elongation were largely improved compared to the same alloy in the as cast condition. The mill annealing temperature and time strongly affected the ultimate strength, 0.2% yield strength and the percentage elongation.

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Okpala, Nnaemeka Emmanuel, Mouloumdema Pouwedeou Potcho, Tianyue An, Stephen Dela Ahator, Lixin Duan, and Xiangru Tang. "Low temperature increased the biosynthesis of 2-AP, cooked rice elongation percentage and amylose content percentage in rice." Journal of Cereal Science 93 (May 2020): 102980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102980.

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Amran, Mohd, Raja Izamshah, Mohd Hadzley, Mohd Shahir, Mohd Amri, Mohd Sanusi, and Hazwani Hilmi. "The Effect of Binder on Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fibre/Polypropylene Composites Using Full Factorial Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.709.

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The effect of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as binder on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibre/polypropylene (KF/PP) composites is studied. Ratios between kenaf fibre and PP having 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 in weight ratio were selected. Further, MAPP having 1, 3 and 5 percent in percentage of weight ratio was mixed in KF/PP composites. Hot press machine was used to produce tensile test samples of KF/PP composites. The mechanical properties that are tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of KF-PP composites were obtained from tensile test result. It is found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus increase with increasing the kenaf fibre loading and higher percentage of MAPP. Further, the elongation at break for KF/PP composites shows lower result when increasing of kenaf fibre loading. However, when percentage of MAPP added in KF/PP composites increases, the elongation at break increased slightly. Thus, result shows that kenaf fibre/PP composites with binder were better in tensile strength, tensile modulus however the elongation at break shows weak result unless the binder was added.

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Supanitayanon, Lalita, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Toemsak Srikhirin, Pitchaya Roongrujimek, and Peerapong Tua-Ngam. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Various Types of Dental Floss." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.155.

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To compare maximum load, percentage of elongation, physical characteristics of 4 types of dental floss: (1) Thai Silk Floss (silk, waxed), (2) Oral B® Essential Floss (nylon, waxed), (3) Experimental Floss Xu (nylon, unwaxed), (4) Experimental Floss Xw (nylon, waxed). Four types of floss were tested (n=30) with a Universal Testing Machine (Instron®). Each sample (30 cm long, 5 cm segment) was fixed, and pulled apart with load cell of 100 N and a test speed of 100 mm/min. Physical characteristics were investigated by digital microscope under 2.5×10 magnification, and scanning electron microscope under 1×100 and 5×100 magnification. The size of the filaments was measured in micron (μm) and the fineness was measured in Denier. For mechanical properties, the maximum load and the percentage of elongation were presented as mean ± SD. The distribution of the data was calculated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison (Tukey HSD) were used to analyze the differences among the groups with the level of a statistical difference at p < 0.05. The maximum load of Floss Xu, Floss Xw, Oral B and Thai Silk were 47.39, 46.46, 25.38, and 23.70 N, respectively. The percentage of elongation of Oral B, Floss Xw, Floss Xu and Thai Silk were 72.43, 44.62, 31.25, and 16.44%, respectively. All 4 types of dental floss showed statistically differences in both the maximum load and percentage of elongation at p < 0.05, except for maximum load between Floss Xw and Floss Xu that showed no statistically significant difference. Physical characteristics of Thai silk revealed the most disintegrated, the smallest, and the least fine filaments. Floss Xu had the highest maximum load. Oral B had the highest percentage of elongation. Wax coating on Floss X increased the elongation but had no significant effect on the maximum load. The physical characteristics of Thai Silk resulted in the lowest mechanical properties values.

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Marthiana, Wenny, Yovial Mahyoedin, Duskiardi Duskiardi, and Afri Rahim. "Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Arus Listrik Pengelasan Terhadap Kekuatan Sambungan Pengelasan MIG Pada Material ST 37." JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 5, no. 2 (September 6, 2020): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v5i2.4217.

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AbstrakPada proses produksi, pengaturan parameter poses memegang peranan penting terhadap tercapainya mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Pada proses pengelasan, salah satu parameter proses pengelasan yang harus diperhatikan adalah besar arus pengelasan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar kuat arus yang sesuai pada proses pengelasan material ST 37 menggunakan proses pengelasan MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Pengujian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan besar kuat arus pengelasan yaitu pada 90A, 100A, 110A serta 120A. Pengujian tarik dilakukan terhadap hasil pengelasan tersebut. Hasil pengujian tarik menunjukkan, pengelasan menggunakan kuat arus sebesar 110A memberikan nilai yang maksimum pada beberapa besaran pengujian. Untuk nilai tegangan tarik, σ memiliki nilai 16.9 kg/mm2, modulus elastisitas, E, 3.14 kg/mm2 serta Regangan ε, 5.42%. Kata kunci: pengelasan, Metal Inert Gas, Tegangan Tarik, modulus elastisitas AbstractThe appropriate production parameter process plays an important role in fulfill the quality of the products such as mechanical properties like tensile strength and percentage of elongation of MIG welded joints. Likewise, in the welding process, one of the welding process parameters that is welding current must be considered, since the welding current is most influential parameters affecting weld penetration, deposition rate, weld bead geometry and quality of weld metal. Variation of welding current on MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding process on ST 37 specimen was to examine the effects on like tensile strength and percentage of elongation and elasticity modulus. From the experiment, it is found that when welding current increased up to 110 Ampere the tensile strength tends to incline then slightly decline when welding current increased, modulus elasticity value and percentage of elongation value as well. The maximum value of tensile strength 16.9 kg/mm2 percentage of elongation value 5.42%. and modulus of elasticity 3.14 kg/mm2 were gained at 110 ampere welding current Keywords: welding process, Metal Inert Gas, Tensile strength, elasticity modulus ,percentage of elongation

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Sallehuddin, Nurul Jannah, and Hanafi Ismail. "Treatment’s effect on mechanical properties of kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 9507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9507-9522.

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Non-treated and silane-treated kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were prepared using the Dunlop method at different filler loading (0, 3, 5, and 7 pphr). The properties were investigated in terms of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness, and swelling behavior. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize kenaf bast/NRLF. With the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), the compression strength and hardness showed increments in value with increments of kenaf loading. However, different results showed in tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling percentage, and recovery percentage, which decreased at higher filler loading. Silane-treated kenaf bast/NRLF showed higher value in all properties except for elongation at break, swelling, and recovery percentage. The improvement of properties was supported by SEM surface morphological studies that showed better adhesion between the rubber matrix and kenaf filler.

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Moktadir, SMG, MU Talukder, AKO Huq, MA Gafur, and AMS Chowdhury. "Coir Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Eco-friendly Byproducts." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34695.

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Coir fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated using an extruder machine. The fiber contents were varied 5 to 20% and physico-mechanical properties as well as bio-degradability were also tested. Ultimate tensile strength and flexural strength decreases with the increases of percentages of fiber addition. Lowest percentage elongation is observed at 20% CF+PP composite which are rigid in nature. Leeb rebound hardness also decreases with the increase of percentage of raw fiber addition. The bio-degradation of different percentage of CF and PP composites in soil and saline water increased with increase of coir fiber content. Thus, it showed that higher percentage of coir fiber was produced more biodegradable and eco-friendly byproducts. However, higher percentages of coir fiber decrease the mechanical properties. A moderate percentage of coir fiber i.e. 15% CF +PP showed the good mechanical properties as well as considerable amount of bio-degradability in soil and saline water.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 61-64 2017

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Bhatia, Anmol, and Reeta Wattal. "Process Parameters Optimization for Maximizing Tensile Strength in Friction Stir-Welded Carbon Steel." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2021.7203.

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The present study focuses on improving the ultimate tensile strength of friction stir welded carbon steel (AISI 1018). The effect of the process parameters (welding speed, tool RPM, and shoulder diameter) on the response parameters (ultimate tensile strength, percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area) were studied. Response surface methodology was used to develop the mathematical model for response parameters, and the adequacy of the model was checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The welding speed and tool RPM were found to affect the ultimate tensile strength significantly. The percentage elongation was affected only by welding speed. The percentage reduction in the area was affected by welding speed and shoulder diameter. The microstructure and microhardness of the weld have been studied and reported in the study.

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Дисертації з теми "PERCENTAGE ELONGATION"

GUPTA, PRASANNA. "OPTIMIZATION OF WELDING PARAMETERS IN COLD METAL TRANSFER WELDING OF STAINLESS STEELS." Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18169.

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For better efficiency, manufacturers these days are more interested in using very light weight materials that not only reduces the overall weight of the structure but also enables the use of latest technology. Due to their immense strength, ease in fabrication, Austenitic Stainless Steel grades find their application in wide range of manufacturing industries such as automotive, medical, construction, aerospace. Various problems such as burn through, distortions, spatter and other defects were reported when thin austenitic stainless sheets were welded using conventional arc welding process because of their high heat input. Cold Metal transfer welding is a modern era welding technology for joining of thin sheets as optimum penetration at low heat input and spatter free weld can be obtained. In this research work SS202 samples of thickness 1.58mm have been welded using SS308 filler wire by CMT welding process. Three different levels of Current (80A, 100A, 120A), Welding speed (3mm/sec, 4mm/sec, 5mm/sec), and Pulse dynamic correction Factor (-10, 0, +10) were set as input process parameter. The experiments have been carried out at most optimum parametric combination obtained from Taguchi L9 design of experiment array. The superiority of weld was estimated in the form of three mechanical properties Yield Strength (YS), Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), and Percentage Elongation wherein highest value obtained for the three were 379 MPa, 871 MPa, and 65.9% respectively. The experimental data obtained have been optimized by Taguchi’s S/N ratio larger the better criteria. Further, Ultrasonic Assisted CMT Welding have been carried out on same SS202 samples of 1.58mm thickness under same process parameter and result have been compared with responses obtained for CMT welded samples without Ultrasonic vibrations.

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Частини книг з теми "PERCENTAGE ELONGATION"

Gooch, Jan W. "Percentage Elongation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 525. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8552.

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"Percentage elongation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 705. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_8412.

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Ram, Nanak, and Vijay Gautam. "Experimental Studies of Microstructure and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Si-Mo-Cr Ductile Cast Iron." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220809.

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In the present work, three heats of Si-Mo-Cr ductile cast iron with varying amounts of major alloying elements are produced. The effect of the microstructural features on the microhardness, tensile strength and ductility is studied. Increasing the nodule count decreases the pearlite-ferrite ratio, which results in a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in percentage elongation. The spherical nodule plays a significant role in arresting the crack and reorients the crack path around the nodule, as evident from the results of scanning electron microscopy.

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Sivakumar, Tharanikumar, Chandrasekaran Krithika, and Nandikha Tharanikumar. "Development of Gallium Silicon Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants." In Dentistry. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108804.

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The aim of this study is to synthesize a new metallic aluminum and vanadium-free titanium alloy biomaterial for better osseointegration and implantation in the physiological system. The in vitro and in vivo methods were used to examine their biological compatibility, evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Results of Ga-Si-Ti alloy showed a higher ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and a higher percentage of elongation and more or less equal to Young\'s modulus when compared with the Ti and Ti-Ga alloy. In vivo study, a PA view of whole-body radiography all groups exhibited a substantial difference in the linear bone density of newly formed bone. Ga-Si-Ti group showed the highest bone mineral density than Ti and Ti-Ga group in the micro CT ex vivo study. The study exhibited a significant difference between the groups and the proportion of cortical bone volume to trabecular bone volume BV/TV in percentage. This is related to the anti-resorptive action of gallium and osteoblastic property of silicon, in addition to the benefits of commercial pure-Ti alloy.

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"Insulation, Liner and Inhibition Systems." In Solid Rocket Propellants: Science and Technology Challenges, 60–68. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782620969-00060.

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For the correct, successful and efficient operation of rockets, as per design considerations, certain non-energetic sub-components are always incorporated. This chapter gives a brief outline of these non-energetic sub-components. The insulator is applied at the inner surface of the rocket to act as a thermal barrier and restricts temperature rises in the rocket motor casing beyond certain critical limits (∼100 °C). These thermal insulation layers may be in the form of a hard sleeve (cartridge-loaded propellants) or elastomeric with very high percentage elongation (case-bonded motor). The liner coating is a thin layer of adhesive cum migration prevention coating applied between the insulator and the propellants in case-bonded rocket motors. The inhibitor is generally applied on the propellant surface to selectively restrict the burning surface of the propellants for required ballistics. This chapter discusses all three inert non-energetic but important sub-components.

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Gupta, Rajat, Kamal Kumar, and Neeraj Sharma. "Multi-Performance Optimization in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy Using Response Surface Methodology." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 240–63. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4766-2.ch011.

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This chapter presents the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy AA-5083-O using vertical milling machine. In present FSW experimentation, effects of different process parameter namely tool rotation speed, welding speed, tool geometry, and tool shoulder diameter have been determined on welding quality of two pieces of AA-5083-O using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal sets of process parameters have been determined for weld quality characteristics namely tensile strength (UTS) and percentage elongation (%EL). In present experimentations, a specially designed tool made of high carbon steel with different shoulder diameters (15mm, 17.5mm, and 20 mm) having constant pin length (6 mm) were used for FSW of two pieces of aluminum alloy. The ANOVA and pooled ANOVA were used to study the effect of FSW parameters on UTS and %EL. Multi response optimization has been carried out using desirability function in conjunction with RSM to obtain the optimal setting of process parameters for higher UTS and lower %EL.

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Sivachidambaram, P., Raghuraman Srinivasan, and Venkatraman Ramamoorthy. "Pulsed TIG Welding of Al–SiC Composite: Welding Parameter Optimization." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000275.

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Pulse on time, pulse frequency, peak current, and base current are the important parameters to be optimized in pulsed current tungsten inert gas (PCTIG) welding of Al–SiC metal matrix composite. Experiments were designed and conducted using the L9 orthogonal array technique. The regression equation was developed using Design Expert® statistical software package to predict the weld center’s micro hardness, yield strength, ultimate strength, elongation (%), bending load, weld depth, weld width, cooling rate, and peak temperature near the weld zone of Al-8% SiC composite, welded using PCTIG welding. Correlation coefficient shows 0.9 for all the mechanical properties. This showed that the regression equation and the mathematical model developed were adequate. Analysis of contour plot, interaction effect, signal-to-noise ratio, and mean response were developed, the influence of each pulsed current parameter was evaluated at each level, and the percentage of influence was calculated by using pulsed current parameters. Ultimate tensile strength and bending load values depend on the microstructure. When the cooling rate is higher, fine microstructures are observed due to grain refinement; higher tensile strength and bending load are also observed. Due to the decreased cooling rate, coarse microstructures are observed, which result in poor tensile strength and bending load. PCTIG welding parameters are responsible for the change in the cooling rate of the weld zone. The optimization of the PCTIG welding parameters shows that the peak current and base current should be 160 and 60 A, respectively. Pulse on time is recommended to be 50%–55% and pulse frequency to be 5 Hz.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "PERCENTAGE ELONGATION"

Kanjevac, Milica, Biljana Bojović, Marija Todorović, Dragana Jakovljević, Jovana Momčilović, and Milan Stanković. "EFEKAT HORMOPRAJMINGA NA POBOLJŠANJE OTPORNOSTI KLIJANACA KUKURUZA NA USLOVE SLANOG STRESA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.449k.

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The paper examines the influence of different salicylic acid concentrations on germination percentage, dynamics and uniformity of germination, elongation and biomass of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in the early phase of growth and development, as well as the effect of hormopriming by salicylic acid on overcoming salt stress. According to the obtained results, the stimulating effect of salicylic acid on the germination and growth parameters of maize seedlings was confirmed, as well as its protective effect in conditions of salt stress. The concentrations of 10-4 and 10-5 M had the greatest effect on the examined parameters.

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Vegi, Nischay, and Balakrishnan Ragothaman. "Effect of Rolling Direction and Gauge Length on the Mechanical Properties of S460MC High Strength Low Alloy Steel." In International Conference on Automotive Materials and Manufacturing AMM 2023. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-1329.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Tensile Testing is one of the most used and highly reliable method of mechanical testing to evaluate the tensile properties of the material. However, there is a large scope for discussing the behavior of the metals based on the direction of rolling and the tensile specimen size used for testing. This paper discusses the variation observed in the tensile values along the direction of rolling and traverse to the direction of rolling for S460MC. It also evaluates the variation observed in the values based on the various gauge lengths (GL) commonly used in testing as per international standards (80mm, 50mm and 25mm GL).</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">It is observed that perpendicular to the direction of rolling, the Yield and Tensile strength of the material increase marginally while the Elongation percentage (%E) decreases by a small margin irrespective of the gauge length taken into consideration. With respect to Gauge Length, it is observed that as the gauge length decreases, in general there is a decrease in strength but increase in elongation irrespective of the direction of rolling.</div></div>

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Sandeep, R., D. Sudhakara, and G. Prasanthi. "Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Process Parameters to Join Al 5052 and Al 6061 Alloy Plates Using Grey-Taguchi Technique." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2605.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process used for welding similar and dissimilar materials. The process is widely used because it does not have common problems such as solidification and liquefaction cracking associated with the fusion welding techniques. The objective of the present research is to find the best combination of friction stir welding process parameters to join aluminium 5052 and 6061 alloy materials. The combination of process parameters is helpful to improve ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation and hardness of welded joint. To achieve the research objective taguchi based grey analysis was used. The optimum process parameters were found be at rotational speed is 1400 rpm, transverse speed of 100 mm/min and axial force is at 11 KN.

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Bahemmat, Pouya, Mohammad Haghpanahi, Mohammad Kazem Besharati, and Alireza Rahbari. "Effect of Different Welding Speeds on Mechanical Characterictics, Micro and Macrostructure in Dissimilar Friction Stir Butt Welding of AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13193.

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In this article, the effect of FSW process parameters on weldability and properties of two dissimilar aluminums joint, AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6, is investigated. The experiments are conducted to study the role of different welding speeds. Weldability in each fabricated weld is evaluated using macrostructure for sound and defective welds. The mechanical characteristics are determined by comparing the ultimate strength, percentage of elongation for different welding speeds. Besides, microstructural analysis is performed for studying the influence of welding speed on microstructural properties in the weld zone. The results show that the welds were produced with 80 and 100 mm/min are free defects and the rest welds have some defects at SZ, however the weld strength made with 120 mm/min has superiority on the weld. Consequently, the optimum welding speed for fabricating the high quality welds is obtained in this research.

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Patel, Vivek V., Vishvesh J. Badheka, Samarth R. Zala, Sagar R. Patel, Utsav D. Patel, and Swarg N. Patel. "Effects of Various Cooling Techniques on Grain Refinement of Aluminum 7075-T651 During Friction Stir Processing." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66161.

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Aluminum 7075 alloy (AA 7075) is one of the prime materials used in the aviation and automotive industry because of its high strength to weight ratio, good amount of fatigue strength and high machinability. Friction stir processing (FSP) is one of the emerging solid state process that refines the microstructure and hence improved mechanical properties are obtained. The process temperature during FSP affects the resulting microstructure so the attempt for reducing the process temperature can result into reduction in the grain size. The fine grain size microstructure delivers high percentage of elongation which reduces the number of joints and welds in the critical structural applications. So, by implementing coolants such as water and carbon dioxide (CO2) during this process had hindered the grain growth and very fine grained microstructure was obtained. The fine grain microstructure offers higher elongation and hardness as deformation starts from the grain boundaries. In this experimental investigation we intended to keep the temperature generation during the process as low as possible by keeping the process parameters of 765 rpm, 31.5 mm/min fees rate and 20 tilt of the tool (optimized for tapered threaded cylindrical pin tool) constant. All the samples were examined by metallographic characterization using optical microscope. The grain size measurements for all three FSP samples were carried out. Water and CO2 cooled FSP samples reported much more fine grain as compared to naturally cooled sample because of the less heat input during the process.

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Gabriela Ene, Alexandra, Carmen Mihai, Constantin Jomir, and Mihaela Jomir. "Mathematical Models for the Assessment of the Composite Structures of Cylindrical Floating Elements Level of Performances, Used in Brackish Seas." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003522.

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The safety of life and navigation in the areas with high risk potential adjacent parts to the coast, the fight against pollution with oil fractions, as well as the protection of marine biodiversity, all represent the central objective of this research action. One of the critical points was to statistically assess and decide the performance level of the composite structures of the modular systems with a cylindrical form, designed for the sustainable development of biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. For this purpose, a database that includes two independent variables related to the physical-mechanical/physical-chemical values of the used raw materials was created. There were considered 1000 values associated to the: i) mass per surface unit; ii) maximum breaking force in the warp; iii) elongation at break in the warp; iv) tearing force in the warp and batting; v) film type. Moreover, 800 values related to the raw material were included for the determination of the length density, resistance and elongation at break, torsion, resistance and elongation at the knot, resistance and elongation at the loop. Descriptive statistics were used for the: a) determination of the parameters that evidence the homogeneity degree of the analysed data; b) assessment of the coefficients of variability that demonstrate the extent to which the data groups are homogeneous or heterogeneous; c) histograms of each variable, which highlight the asymmetry of the distribution, with the predominance of frequencies or variables. The statistical data analysis enabled the prediction of the asymmetries of the data series, related to Skewness and Kurtosis. The links between the considered variables were established according to the values of the correlation coefficients for each of the composite structures studied. The regression equations were developed to express the influence on the resistance to tearing for the transverse/longitudinal system of: mass, resistance and elongation at break of the composite material and resistance to knot breaking of the yarn from composite matrix structure. It was shown that for the prediction of the value of the composite element’s resistance to tearing, the values of this characteristic in the warp should be preferentially considered. In the weft direction, the introduction of additional independent variables is necessary. The two tested variants of composite material were differentiated by the fibrous composition and structure of the reinforcement matrix, for the longitudinal and transversal systems (45//55%PES//PA6.6, ratio: 1:1/100//100 PES//PES, ratio 2:1). Four mathematical models that are approximately normally distributed and follow the cumulative percentage line described by the normal curve were created. The mathematical models demonstrated that, in the design stage, for dynamic conditions (impact factor 2.5), the tear resistance value should be considered in both systems.

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Tüzemen, Mehmet Çağrı, and Elmas Salamci. "Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties and Abrasive Wear Behavior of Low Carbon Dual-Phase Steels." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20231.

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The mechanical properties and wear behavior of Dual Phase (DP) steels have been investigated and compared with those observed in normalized (N) steel that has the same chemical composition. The DP steels having different content and morphology of martensite were produced by varying intercritical annealing temperature and initial microstructures. Mechanical properties of four different DP steels and N steel have been investigated by carrying out tensile and macrohardness tests. Dry sliding wear tests have been conducted on four different the DP steels and the N steel using pin-on-plate to investigate their wear characteristics. It has been found that the yield and tensile strengths and macrohardness increase with increasing martensite content and decreasing martensite size. The yield and tensile strengths and macrohardness of the N steel were significantly lower than the DP steels whereas percentage of total elongation was higher. Wear properties are improved by increasing martensite volume fraction and size in the DP steels. The N steel specimen showed the highest wear rate.

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Bocchi, S. "Preliminary study of the mechanical characteristics implementation of friction stir welded AA2024 joints by adding pure copper." In Sheet Metal 2023. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-27.

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Abstract. In the present paper, the mechanical properties of a AA2024 welded by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) were examined, both homogeneously and using a commercial pure copper sheet positioned between the edges to be welded in two configurations, T and C. The temperature trends reached during the FSW process were extrapolated through the development of a simulative model, to select the best combination of parameters to use in the experimental phase of the campaign. After that, the FSWed homogeneous and heterogeneous joints were executed and analysed. From the mechanical point of view, Rockwell B hardness tests and tensile tests were performed. It was possible to evidence a good relationship between the hardness distribution and the presence of the copper, especially at the nugget. On the contrary, the tensile tests executed orthogonally to the welding direction, showed a reduction of the tensile strength and of the real elongation percentage in the aluminium-copper heterogeneous FSWed joints.

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Sabry, Ibrahim, Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad, and Dinu Thomas Thekkuden. "Study on Underwater Friction Stir Welded AA 2024-T3 Pipes Using Machine Learning Algorithms." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71378.

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Abstract Underwater friction stir welding, a new variant of friction stir welding process in which the weld coupons and tool-specimen interface are completely immersed in the water, has been successful to achieve wide popularity among researchers recently. In most of the studies, the underwater friction stir welding process is limited to join the flat plates. The research conducted on the underwater friction stir welding of pipes is rare due to the complexity in the design of the fixture and setup. Therefore, the current research is aimed to investigate the scope of underwater friction stir welding process for producing quality welded pipe joints. Initially, the current research focused on developing a system with proper components and fixture attached to the vertical milling machine for underwater friction stir welding of pipes. Twenty-seven experiment runs with three intermittent levels of process parameters — spindle speed of milling machine (1000 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1800 rpm), travel speed (10 mm/min, 16 mm/min, 20 mm/min) and shoulder diameter of tool (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm) are designed. Secondly, Al 2024-T3 pipes having an outer diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 3 mm are welded using an underwater friction stir welding process for every combination of the process parameter. The elongation percentage, yield strength and tensile strength are experimentally evaluated from the tensile tests. Finally, the prediction capability of machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with Harris hawks optimization (ANFIS-HHO) for 70% training data and 30% testing data was evaluated. The prediction capability of the machine learning algorithms was evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error, R2 statistic and Root Mean Square Error. ANN was found to the best with the highest R2 and least RMSE for predicting all three responses. Though the ANFIS exhibited the highest R2 and highest RMSE for every response, the incorporation of Harris hawks optimization to the ANFIS slightly improved the prediction capability of ANFIS. The prediction accuracy for elongation percentage, yield strength and tensile strength is found to be in the increasing order of ANFIS, ANFIS-HHO and ANN. The underwater friction stir welding process, machine learning algorithms, methods and results discussed in the paper are promising and useful for experts in the industries.

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Addamani, Rudreshi, Ravindra Holalu Venkatadas, Ugrasen Gonchikar, and Y. D. Chethan. "Estimation and Comparison of Welding Performances Using MRA and GMDH in P-GMAW for SS 316L Material." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88604.

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The Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (P-GMAW) process is used in high-technology industrial applications and it is one of the most significant arc welding processes. The quality, productivity and cost of welding will be affected by the P-GMAW welding input process parameters and are considered to the most important factors. It is necessary to determine the input and output relationship of the welding processes in order to understand and control the P-GMAW welding process parameters. P-GMAW is widely used process, especially in thin sheet metal industries. It offers an improvement in quality and productivity over regular Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The process enables stable spray transfer with low mean current and low net heat input. This paper describes the estimation and comparison of welding process parameters viz., current, gas flow rate and wire feed rate on ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation and hardness. Experiments have been performed based on Taguchi’s L27 standard orthogonal array. Estimation of welding performances have been carried out using sophisticated mathematical models viz., MRA and GMDH, and, compared. The GMDH algorithm is designed to learn the process by training the algorithm with the experimental data. Three different criterion functions, viz., regularity, unbiased and combined criterions were considered for estimation in GMDH. Different GMDH models can be obtained by varying the percentage of data in the training set and the best model can be selected from these, viz., 50%, 62.5% and 75%. Estimation and comparison of welding performances were carried out using MRA and GMDH techniques.

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