Дисертації з теми "People and Linguistics"
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1
Murphy, Jill Marie. "Translingual literature: The bone people and Borderlands." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis proposes that by producing and existing within a translingual text, the ethnofeminist has found a way to subvert others' construction of her and redefine her identity. In particular, the ethnofeminist uses code switching to select and reinvent meaning from the language system of the dominant culture while maintaining the language system of the "marginal" group. In combining two (or more) language systems within a literature she has created her own language.
2
Alm, Norman Arthur. "Towards a conversation aid for severely physically disabled non-speaking people." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314549.
Повний текст джерела
3
Dennis, Tracey Lynn. "Changing sociolinguistic identities of young, middle-class 'Coloured' people in post-apartheid Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study set out to examine the sociolinguistics of social change amongst a group of young, middle-class coloured people who were educated in a predominantly white school environment. The demise of the apartheid system in the early 1990s led to a situation in which racial mixing in government-run schools was permitted for the first time. I conducted sociolinguistic interviews with 20 self-identified 'coloured' Cape Town residents, who attended schools that were formerly open only to white children. I analysed the data on two levels. Firstly, an analysis of accent, focusing on three salient phonetic markers of South African English, namely the GOOSE, BATH and PRICE lexical sets (Wells 1982). Acoustic analysis of these vowels was done using a computer software programme, Praat, to record a total of 4410 tokens for the 20 speakers. The second level of analysis investigated how the informants constructed social identities in those unprecedented educational circumstances. I used three theories of identity to do this: Speech Accommodation Theory (Giles 1973), Social Identity Theory (Taj fel 1972) and the Linguistic Market (Bourdieu and Boltanski 1975). Comparing the results of the phonetic and sociological analyses, I found that the two levels of analysis supported the same conclusion: the young coloured people in the sample subscribe to a coloured social identity, but have clear links with the white community. This suggests that they occupy an intermediate space between the two race groups, which is not surprising given the significant contact they had with members of both communities. There is some evidence of a separation between the coloured community and the typical 'coloured' accent, however, suggesting that one does not need to sound 'typically coloured' in order to be part of the coloured community. It is likely that we are witnessing the formation of an upper middle-class within the coloured middle-class community.
4
Harding, Celia M. "The unmet needs of infants, children and young people with dysphagia." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14908/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis collates a research programme of published papers completed by the candidate during the registration period of study, that are relevant to various aspects of feeding, eating and drinking difficulties (referred to as dysphagia) within a paediatric population from a speech and language therapy (SLT) perspective. Very few studies examine current SLT practice with this population. In the absence of research specific to the needs of children with congenital disorders, there are approaches being used by SLTs without a full rationale for their use and there is persistence in using therapy approaches that might not be beneficial for a child (Harding & Cockerill, 2014). Key themes present throughout this work include understanding the neurological and physiological underpinnings to an approach; being clear about a therapy rationale; creating therapy methods that consider the capacity of children who are neurologically and learning disabled and their caregivers and integrating communication more clearly into the management of dysphagia. The studies presented include: i) small case studies describing observations and analysis of communication during typical mealtimes; collaborative therapy programmes specifying strategies and sessions for use of Alternative and Augmentative communication (AAC); evaluation of a therapy programme to reduce aversion to tube feeding; ii) data on use of a straw to evaluate and record changes over age and gender; iii)evaluation of an SLT intervention to train staff within a special school ; iv)a pilot study and RCT investigating the use of non-nutritive sucking (NNS) to wean premature infants off tube feeding onto full oral feeding, and iv) case reports on use of NNS with infants with congenital disorders and the relationship between feeding difficulties and speech development. The studies presented contribute to the evidence base for SLT in a number of ways including describing and evaluating current practice and techniques through case studies and measuring the effectiveness of a SLT protocol through an RCT. The case studies highlight: the importance of checking the knowledge, skills and training of significant others in delivering therapy interventions, the importance of working collaboratively, specifying components of therapy programmes and time needed to implement them, and the importance of communication in its broadest sense within a meal time context. The non – nutritive sucking (NNS) RCT found that children in the intervention groups were able to leave hospital significantly sooner than in the control groups. However, unlike many other studies there was no difference in the time taken to be able to feed orally. There are a number of methodological issues to consider in evaluating the studies. The issues arising from conducting research within a complex clinical environment are discussed in Chapter 5. These complexities include using significant others to deliver therapy programmes, accurate understanding and descriptions of the premature population, the inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies, and consideration of infants with congenital and neurodevelopmental needs. The needs of and difference between parents are also considered. Evaluation of results also needs to take into account the paucity of tools to measure infants’ skills both by SLTs and parents and other professionals. Recommendations are made for future research. These include more studies to investigate accurate interpretation of infant states, improved descriptions and subsequent stratifications of infant participants; repetition of the RCT with larger sample and in range of settings, inclusion of follow up to 24 months with added measurements of feeding and language skills. The thesis papers also suggest more focus in future studies on the role of communication as a tool to manage risk within mealtimes.
5
Shivachi, Calebi I. "A case study in language contact : English, Kiswahili and Luhyia amongst the Luhyia people of Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9876.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 178-187.The aim of this research is to provide some ground work in the study of Luhyia socio-linguistics. A fair amount of research on indigenous forms of English has been conducted in South Africa as well as West Africa. According to Schmied (1991), Nigeria is covered by several books and articles on English, but other areas of Africa are relatively blank. Schmied himself has produced primary work on English in East Africa. Studies of language maintenance and language shift have been undertaken by eminent scholars such as Brenzinger (1992), Eastman (1990, 1992). However, it is Myers-Scotton's pioneering research on code-switching among the Luhyia speakers undertaken in the 1980s that proyided the initial inspiration and further foundation for this thesis. An attempt is made here to build on Myers-Scotton's insightful observations on code-switching among Luhyia speakers. In addition this thesis explores the type of English in use among the Luhyia, and its effects on the indigenous language with which it has come into contact.
6
Merritt, Nicola. "Knowing people : who you are and what you learn amongst Tamasheq, North East Burkina Faso." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271361.
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7
Ogembo, Jack E. Odongo. "Art in ethno-medicine : a case study of Juogi (Mysticism among the Luo people) in South Nyanza district of western Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This ethnographic study is intended to give voice to the feeling of those who value and depend on indigenous medicine and to examine how it has worked for the Luo. In this thesis we investigate how one acquired the skills of becoming a medicine man or woman. We examine how the medicine man or woman uses art to carry out the healing practices. We also look at how the qualification was manifested on the part of the practitioner. Special emphasis is made on language as an art, used by the patient and the doctor. Such components of art and language as myths, legends, folk tales, metaphors and songs of the Luo are looked into especially with a view to evaluating their contribution towards causes of illness and healing.
8
Parks, Megim A. ""Purple People": "Sexed" Linguistics, Pleasure, and the "Feminine" Body in the Lyrics of Tori Amos." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion of a “feminine” style has been staunchly resisted by third-wave feminists who argue that to posit a “feminine” style is essentialist. Yet, linguists such as Norma Mendoza-Denton and Elinor Ochs discuss indexicality and shifting through salient variables, a process called entextualization. Further, French feminists such as Hélène Cixous and Julia Kristeva use the linguistic concept of intertextuality to explain certain poetic uses of language that might cause what Luce Irigaray calls “irruption of the semiotic chora”—moments within language where boundaries in the semiotic chain of signification are “blurred.” Thus, while current feminism has moved strictly away from the idea that there is an exigent “feminine” to which all women must aspire, there exists a tenuous, but salient connection between the linguistic concepts of indexicality and intertextuality on one hand, and jouissance and “irruption of the chora” on the other that can inform those styles we might term “feminine” and allow for a more productive and responsive perception of “femininity.”
Amos’ lyrics illustrate these theories working together; Amos’ lyrics represent such a “feminine” style as indexed through use of salient variables; thus, Amos’ lyrics represent a sociolinguistic phenomenon wherein gender-based salient variables reform what “feminine” is and means, challenging social attitudes and the specular feminine persona within both the personal and public spheres. The implications of these theories could eventually influence perceptions of women in any particular profession or sphere, as gendered linguistic markers influence gender roles and implications, which, in turn, inform social change.
9
Behn, N. "Communication and quality of life outcomes in people with acquired brain injury following project-based treatment." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15198/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Communication impairments are common following acquired brain injury (ABI) and have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life (QOL) post-injury. While some treatments have improved communication skills, few have measured QOL, and even fewer have shown improved QOL for people with ABI following communication-based treatments. Project-based treatment is an alternative treatment approach that could have an impact on communication skills and QOL for people with ABI who are long-term post-injury. The treatment is embedded in a context of meaningful activities chosen by people with brain injury, whereby, as a group, they work collaboratively to plan and achieve a concrete goal or outcome that contributes others and/or the wider community. Project-based treatment has not been empirically evaluated for people with ABI. More specifically, no research has evaluated whether projects can improve both communication skills and QOL in people with ABI. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of project-based treatment on the communication skills and QOL for people with ABI. An exploratory study was designed as a prospective quasi-randomised controlled trial with pre, post and follow-up assessments, using mixed methods, and feasibility testing to investigate the effect of project-based treatment. Twenty-one people with ABI were recruited from community settings, allocated to either a TREATMENT (n=11) or WAITLIST group (n=10). Treatment was completed over 6 weeks and comprised an individual session (to set specific communication goals with the person with ABI and their communication partner), followed by nine sessions conducted in groups of 2-3 people. These sessions involved a range of meaningful activities chosen by people with ABI that contributed to a tangible end product designed to help others (e.g. video, pamphlet, radio podcast, piece of art). Mixed methods were used to determine the effect of the treatment on people with ABI. The primary communication outcomes were: (1) Blind ratings of the person with ABI’s conversations on the Interaction and Transaction scales of the Adapted Measure of Participation in Conversation (MPC). The secondary communication outcomes were: (1) Blind ratings of the communication partner’s involvement in conversations on the Acknowledging and Revealing Competence scales of the Adapted Measure of Support in Conversation (MSC); (2) Blind ratings for the Impression scales that described how appropriate, rewarding, effortful, and interesting a conversation was; (3) La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) as rated by the person with ABI, and their communication partner; and (4) Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). The primary QOL outcome was the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the secondary QOL outcome was the Quality of Life in Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) measure. The qualitative data was drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted post-treatment. The first set of analyses for the primary and secondary outcome measures, compared the TREATMENT group with the WAITLIST group over two time points, between which only the TREATMENT group had received the treatment. This showed that people with ABI in the TREATMENT group had improved Interaction scores on the MPC, their communication partners had improved Revealing Competence scores on the MSC, and the conversation was perceived as less effortful, compared to the WAITLIST group. No changes were found for the remaining communication outcomes, or the QOL outcomes. The second analyses compared pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up scores across all people with ABI (i.e. scores for both the TREATMENT and WAITLIST group were combined). This showed significant changes for communication partners on the MSC and LCQ, and significant achievement of communication goals on GAS, as rated by both the person with ABI, and their communication partners. Significant improvement on the QOLIBRI was found, with a trend towards significance on the SWLS. No other significant changes were found. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis where the content and context of the interview transcripts were analysed and themes identified. People with ABI described overwhelmingly positive experiences of the treatment, the group, the project, and working on goals. They also described a range of positive benefits including improved awareness and skill, and positive feelings. Project-based treatment made modest improvements to both communication skills, and QOL. Moreover, people with ABI perceived positive experiences, and benefited from inclusion in the treatment. While this study was an exploratory trial, with feasibility testing, the results highlight that this treatment could be a potential alternative to other treatments available to people with ABI.
10
Strömblad, Lucas. "“People believes on ghosts” - an Error Analysis of Swedish Junior and Senior High School students´ written compositions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates errors in compositions written by junior and senior high school students. Two types of errors are specifically targeted, one relating to grammar in subject-verb agreement and another relating to the word class of prepositions. The aim of the present study is to focus on aspects which are of particular difficulty for the students, and to unveil underlying psycholinguistic mechanisms which affect the students’ acquisition process, for example, a potential influence of the mother tongue. The study is also expected to yield information about potential differences in error frequency and language construction between proficiency levels. The study is cross-sectional and includes altogether fifty-six samples collected from 7th and 9th grade at junior high school, and Year 1 and Year 3 at senior high school. Each group has produced fourteen compositions of free writing, and each text consists of approximately 200-300 words. The topic of the writing task was related to the supernatural and the head title was set as Do you believe in ghosts? A few taxonomies (James, 1998) and a method referred to as Error Analysis (Ellis, 1994), (both deriving from Second Language Acquisition research) are used to categorize, describe and explain error frequencies of certain error types. The results of the study show that the error frequency generally decreases from one expected proficiency level to another. The highest number of errors was found in 7th grade students’ writing, and the lowest in Year 3 students’ writing. Regardless of proficiency level, what is most troublesome for the students with subject-verb agreement is to master the 3rd person –s inflection. Prepositions, on the other hand, which account for a lower number of errors in the compositions compared to the number of subject-verb agreement errors, tend to be used erroneously when the students are confused about when and which a particular preposition should agree in a specific contextual meaning in English.
11
Shiburi, Piet Thapedi. "The attitude of Black people of Hammanskraal towards Afrikaans and changes in this regard : a sociolinguistic and cultural studies approach." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This explorative, qualitative study examines the attitude of Black people of Hammanskraal towards Afrikaans. The role that Afrikaans plays in this attitude was looked at. Qualitative research methodology was employed. Mixed method approach was also used. The findings of this study revealed that respondents’ attitude towards Afrikaans was generally negative. Possible reasons are the severe impact of apartheid policies on Black people and the negative attitude of the Boeremag towards them.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Afrikaans
PhD
Unrestricted
12
Cotterill, Janet. "Representing reality in court : power and persuasion in trial discourse, as exemplified in The People v. Orenthal James Simpson." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366177.
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13
Scott, Camille R. "“Outside People”: Treatment, Language Acquisition, Identity, and the Foreign Student Experience in Japan." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1400619243.
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14
Gerdin, Göran. "The use of the general nouns people and thing by L2 learners of English : A corpus-based study." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the advent of corpora documenting learner English, a new and interesting field of research has become available. Learner corpora provide a new type of data which can inform thinking both in second language acquisition research and in foreign language teaching research. Analyses of learner corpora normally report on features which are typically ‘overused’ and ‘underused’, when contrasted to comparable native speaker corpora, in addition to those which are ‘misused’ by the learners. Ringbom (1998) conducted a study in which he identified one common aspect of non-native speaker corpora: the high frequency of general nouns, such as people and thing.
The aim of this paper was to test Ringbom’s findings and attempt to identify how English as a second language learners’ usage of these particular nouns in written production differ from that of native speakers by conducting a corpus comparison of comparable learner and native speaker corpora. The results of this study clearly support Ringbom’s findings; additionally, it was found that the learners’ written production does not appear vaguer and ‘non-native like’ merely because they overuse the general nouns people and thing, but it also seems as if the learners use these nouns in a more restricted range of meanings whereas the natives’ usage is more diversified. Moreover, this study has identified some of the issues that teachers of English as a second language should be aware of when helping their students to avoid using the general nouns people and thing in a non-native like manner.
15
Panayi, Marilyn. "Cognition in action C-i-A : rethinking gesture in neuro-atypical young people : a conceptual framework for embodied, embedded, extended and enacted intentionality." Thesis, City, University of London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15292/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The three aims of my interdisciplinary thesis are: - To develop a conceptual framework for re-thinking the gestures of neuro-atypical young people, that is non-traditional and non-representational - To develop qualitative analytical tools for the annotation and interpretation of gesture that can be applied inclusively to both neuro-atypical and neuro typical young people - To consider the conceptual framework in terms of its theoretical implications and practical applications Learning to communicate and work with neuro-atypical young people provides the rationale and continued impetus for my work. My approach is influenced by the limited social, physical and communicative experiences of young people with severe speech and motor impairment, due to cerebral palsy (CP). CP is described as: a range of non-progressive syndromes of posture and motor impairment. The aetiology is thought to result from damage to the developing central nervous system during gestation or in the neonate. Brain lesions involve the basal ganglia and the cerebellum; both these sites are known to support motor control and integration. However, a paucity of theoretical research and empirical data for this target group of young people necessitated the development of both an alternative theoretical framework and two new tools. Biological Dynamic Systems Theory is proposed as the best candidate structure for the re-consideration of gesture. It encompasses the global, synthetic and embodied nature of gesture. Gesture is re-defined and considered part of an emergent dynamic, complex, non-linear and self-organizing system. My construct of Cognition-in-Action (C-i-A) is derived from the notion of knowing-as-doing influenced by socio-biological paradigms; it places the Action-Ready-Body centre stage. It is informed by a theoretical synthesis of knowledge from the domains of Philosophy, Science and Technology, including practices in the clinical, technology design and performance arts arenas. The C-i-A is a descriptive, non-computational feature-based framework. Its development centred around two key questions that served as operational starting points: What can gestures reveal about children’s cognition-in-action? and Is there the potential to influence gestural capacity in children?. These are supported by my research objectives. In my empirical study I present three case studies that focus on the annotation and interpretative analyses of corporeal exemplars from a gesture corpus. These exemplars were contributed by neuro-atypical young people: two adolescent males aged 16.9 and 17.9 years, and one female girl aged 10.7 years. The Gesture-Action-Entity (GAE) is proposed as a unit of interest for the analysis of procedural, semantic and episodic aspects of our corporeal knowledge. A body-based-action-annotation-system (G-ABAS) and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis methodology is applied for the first time to gesture (G-IPA). These tools facilitate fine-grained corporeal dynamic and narrative gesture feature analyses. These phenomenal data reveal that these young people have latent resources and capacities that they can express corporeally. Iteration of these interpretative findings with the Cognition-in-Action framework allows for the inference of processes that may underlie the strategies they use to achieve such social-motor-cognitive functions. In summary, their Cognition-in-Action is brought-forth, carried forward and has the potential to be culturally embodied. The utility of C-i-A framework lies in its explanatory power to contribute to a deeper understanding of child gesture. Furthermore, I discuss and illustrate its potential to influence practice in the domains of pedagogy, rehabilitation and the design of future intimate, assistive and perceptually sensitive technologies. Such technologies are increasingly mediating our social interactions. My thesis makes an original and significant contribution to the field of cognitive science, by offering an ecologically valid alternative to tradition conceptualization of perception, cognition and action.
16
Brown, Diana L. "Augmentative and alternative communication effects of speech output and iconicity on symbol acquisition /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1144112971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2006.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 45 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).
17
Siemens, Penni Gay. "A Comparison of the Cohesion in the Expository Discourse of the Optimally-Healthy Young-Old and the Optimally-Healthy Oldest-Old." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4781.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The group of people aged 85 years and older is the fastest growing chronological population on the United States (Neal et al., 1993), and while a considerable amount of research has focused on the language of the elderly (those over 65 years), relatively little study has focused specifically on those aged 85 and older. This study is valuable in that it includes a large sample of optimally healthy people aged 85 and older. This sample of the optimally-healthy oldest-old will help define what changes, if any, are a function of age alone and what changes are clinical (associated with some disease, neurologic complication, or psychological impairment). The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of elderly people's use of cohesion during an expository discourse task. This study also sought to answer the following question: If no health problems exist, does age alone affect the cohesion in the expository discourse of the elderly? To effect this comparison, a comparison of cohesive use in a group of 12 people between the ages of 65 and 75 years (the young-old) was contrasted with cohesion used by a group of 27 people aged 85 years and older (the oldest-old). The subjects were gathered as part of the Oregon Brain Aging Study under the direction of doctors Diane Howieson and Jeffrey Kaye of the Portland VA Medical Center. The subjects had to meet strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. As part of the evaluations for the Oregon Brain Aging Study, each subject was audiotaped while describing the fishing picture from the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Inventory (Kiernan et al., 1987). Each sample was then transcribed, divided into T-Units, and analyzed according to the cohesive analysis designed by Liles (1985) and Liles et al. (1989). Group comparisons for each aspect of cohesion (frequency, style, and adequacy) was completed using a 1- test. No significant differences at the .05 level were found on any of the measures.
18
Gulick, Eleanor. "Developing discourse structure analysis for use on conversations that include people with aphasia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594159643173734.
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19
Kamph, Hampus. "He passed away watching people die on TV : A corpus study about euphemisms for to die, dying or dead in American English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and frequency of euphemisms for die, dying or dead in the American English-language using the Corpus of Contemporary American English. To fulfill the purpose, three research questions were answered. I wanted to know in which genres, of Spoken, Fiction, Magazines, Newspapers, Academic texts, TV/Movies, Blogs and web-gnl, the euphemisms occurred the most. I also wanted to investigate which euphemism, in terms of frequency, of pass away, demise, decease and last breath was the most common one, and how frequent they are compared to the “standard” die, dying or dead. How the frequency of the euphemisms developed over the time span 1990-2019, was also something the study wanted to answer. To answer these questions, studies which defined and discussed taboo, euphemisms, and metonymy were used. The conclusion was that even the least occurring genre in the standard has got a higher frequency than all the euphemisms together. However, demise was the most frequent euphemism and Fiction, TV/Movies and Academic were the genres in which the euphemisms occur the most in. Moreover, although demise was the most frequent euphemism, it was also the one that decreased the most over the period of 30 years. pass away, however, increased the most over time.
20
Morgan, Makayla Q. "Making Gallery Groups at a Public Art Museum Accessible to People with Aphasia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586515207124486.
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21
Sithebe, Faith Bonsile. "The speech act realisation of requests and greetings by non-native and native speakers of siSwati : communication challenges faced by American Peace Corps Volunteers in their interaction with Swazi people." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17874.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MPhil )--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the differences in the communication styles of siSwati and American English speakers. Specifically, it investigates the realization patterns of the speech acts of request and greeting in siSwati, by native and non-native speakers of siSwati. It also investigates how these same speech acts are realised by the non-native speakers of siSwati in their first language, English. The participants were 10 Swazis and 10 American Peace Corps volunteers living in Swaziland, Southern Africa at the time this study was conducted. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire followed up with a semi-structured interview. The data were analysed using the framework of the Cross-cultural Speech Act Realization Project as developed by Blum- Kulka (1989). Common trends were noted in the realization of the two speech acts by native speakers and non-native speakers and conclusions were made based on the similarities and differences observed. Overall, the results suggest (i) that there are marked differences in the way in which American English speakers and Swazi people perform and interpret greetings and requests, and (ii) that such differences emanate from the different cultural orientation of the two groups of people. Since such differences sometimes lead to misunderstandings, there is evident need to make people aware of cultural differences in order for understanding and tolerance to prevail in cross-cultural interactions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die verskille in die kommunikasiestyle van sprekers van siSwati en Amerikaanse Engels. Dit beskou spesifiek die realiseringspatrone van die taalhandelinge versoek en groet in siSwati, deur moedertaal- en nie-moedertaalsprekers van siSwati, en in Engels. Die deelnemers was 10 Swazis en 10 Amerikaanse Vredekorps-vrywilligers woonagtig in Swaziland, Suid-Afrika, ten tye van die studie. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van 'n vraelys wat opgevolg is deur 'n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud. Die data is geanaliseervolgens die raamwerk van die Kruiskulturele Spraakhandeling-realiseringsprojek, soos voorgestel deur Blum-Kulka (1989). Algemene tendense is opgemerk in die realisering van die twee spraakhandelinge deur moedertaalsprekers en nie-moedertaalsprekers en afleidings is gemaak op grond van die waargenome verskille en ooreenkomste. Oor die algemeen dui die resultate op (i) duidelike verskille tussen die wyses waarop sprekers van Amerikaanse Engels en Swazis versoeke en groethandelinge uitvoer en interpreteer, en (ii) die verskillende kulturele oriënterings van die twee groepe as oorsprong van hierdie tipe verskille. Aangesien laasgenoemde dikwels aanleiding gee tot misverstand, is dit duidelik noodsaaklik dat mense bewus gemaak word van kulturele verskille ten einde begrip en verdraagsaamheid te laat hoogty vier tydens kruiskulturele interaksie.
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Thellman, Saga. "Does Gender Influence the Way People Provide and Receive Politeness? : A Research Study on the Differences or Similarities Between Gender and Linguistic Politeness." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36471.
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This essay examines the relation between gender and adherence to Brown and Levinson's Politeness Principle. Women and men tend to use language for different purposes and for the purpose of achieving various goals. In order to examine this relation, a research study was conducted. Two women and three men were observed discussing subjects given by an interviewer. The collected interview data gathered from the conversation was analyzed and related to the Politeness Principle. Aspects from sociolinguistics, such as theories from gender and language studies, and the Cooperative Principle as proposed by H P Grice, were also considered and formed part of the analysis. The results indicate that there is a small difference between women’s versus men’s adherence to the Politeness Principle. More specifically, women tend to use more aspects of linguistic politeness. However, as the sample group of the research study consisted of only five participants, the limits of the study in terms of the generalizability of the results are recognized and suggestions have been made for further research.
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Sombhane, Mihloti Penelope. "The speech act of apology in Xitsonga educational contexts /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1803.
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Bishop, Judith Bronwyn. "Aspects of intonation and prosody in Bininj gun-wok : autosegmental-metrical analysis /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000523.
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Dillehay, Tom D. "Andean Language and Archaeology: A Final Comment." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113367.
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Mudau, Thivhulawi Sarah. "Tsenguluso ya kushumisele kwa mirero na maidioma kha vhafumakadzi kha manwala a Netshivhuyu na Sigogo." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2451.
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(M. A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Ngudo ino yo sumbedza uri ho shumiswa mirero na maidioma manzhi kha u bvukulula vhuvha na nzulele ya vhafumakadzi kha maṅwalwa a Ṋetshivhuyu, M.J. na Sigogo, N.E. Ngudo yo tumbula uri kanzhi mirero na maidioma zwi shumiswa kha u tsikeledza vhafumakadzi fhethu hunzhi: mishumoni, mbinganoni, lufunoni na kha mavhusele. Tsikeledzo iyi i vha ya muhumbulo khathihi na ya ṋamani. Naho zwo ralo, ngudo yo wana uri hu na huṅwe hu si gathi hune mirero na maidioma zwa ṱuṱuwedza vhutshilo havhuḓi kha vhafumakadzi. Magumoni azwo, ngudo i themendela uri vhafumakadzi vha fanela u farwa zwavhuḓi, nge vha vha vhathu u fana na vhanna.
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Tang, Tsui-yee Eastre. "A sociolinguistic study of the "indigenous residents" of Tsing Yi Island a preliminary survey /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31949691.
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Anthonie, Alexa N. "Profiling bilingualism in an historically Afrikaans community on the Beaufort West Hooyvlakte." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2678.
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Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH SUMMARY: This sociolinguistic study examines selected aspects of the linguistic behavior of a rural language community in South Africa. The general aims are to establish first, whether this "coloured" community in the historically Afrikaans town of Beaufort West is still predominantly Afrikaans, second, whether there is evidence of language shift in the community, specifically following more use of English in other formerly Afrikaans communities after the change of government in 1994, and third, what the nature of such language shift may be. An overview of pertinent aspects of the social and political history of South Africa generally and of Beaufort West specifically, is presented in order to contextualise the language dispensation – past and present – addressed in this study. History reveals that the town in question was first named Hooyvlakte and only later acquired the name of Beaufort West. Hooyvlakte is currently the name of one of the suburbs in which a section of Beaufort West's "coloured" community resides. For the purpose of this study the larger Beaufort West community which is in focus here, is also referred to as the Hooyvlakte community The study is mainly of a qualitative nature. The respondents were 184 members of the Hooyvlakte community, they included individuals of both genders and were aged between 16 and 87 years. The only requirement for participation in this study was that the respondent should have been a Beaufort West resident for at least 15 years. Each respondent completed a questionnaire from which his/her language proficiency, language use and language preference could be assessed. The questionnaire also allowed respondents an opportunity to express their opinion on the value and practice of multilingualism in their community. The results of this study indicate that the Hooyvlakte community remains predominantly Afrikaans. There is, however, an increase in the knowledge and use of English, and despite possible limits in actual English proficiency, the residents in the Hooyvlakte mostly view themselves as balanced Afrikaans-English bilinguals. This view is related to the gradual change in linguistic identity, from an almost exclusively (often stigmatized) Afrikaans identity to a (mostly proud) Afrikaans-English bilingual one. The stigmatized "coloured" and Afrikaans identities appear to be products of South Africa's sociopolitical history of ethnic and cultural categorisation and segregation. Stigma, on the one hand, and exclusion, on the other, have led to a desire in the Hooyvlakte community to associate with a language other than Afrikaans as well. This shift to an Afrikaans-English bilingual identity contrasts with the shift from predominantly Afrikaans monolingualism to virtual monolingualism in English found in other Coloured communities studied in the Western Cape's and Eastern Cape's metropoles (see Anthonissen and George 2003; Farmer 2009; Fortuin 2009).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie sosiolinguistiese studie ondersoek geselekteerde aspekte van die talige gedrag van 'n landelike taalgemeenskap in Suid Afrika. Die algemene doelstellings van die studie is eerstens, om vas te stel of die "bruin" gemeenskap in die histories Afrikaanse dorp Beaufort- Wes steeds hoofsaaklik Afrikaans is, tweedens, of daar aanduidings is van taalverskuiwing, spesifiek een wat neig na 'n toenemende gebruik van Engels, soos gevind is in ander histories Afrikaanse gemeenskappe na die regeringsverandering in1994, en derdens, wat die aard van so 'n taalverskuiwing sou wees. 'n Oorsig word gegee oor beduidende aspekte van die sosiale en politieke geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika in die algemeen, en meer spesifiek van Beaufort-Wes, om die huidige en voormalige taalsituasie soos dit in hierdie studie aan die orde kom, te kontekstualiseer. Geskiedkundige verslae wys daarop dat die dorp eers die naam Hooyvlakte gehad het voor dit verander is na Beaufort-Wes. Hooyvlakte is tans die naam van een van die dorp se woonbuurte waar 'n gedeelte van Beaufort-Wes se "bruin" gemeenskap woonagtig is. In hierdie studie benoem "Hooyvlakte" die "bruin" gemeenskap van die hele dorp. Dit is in húlle wat hierdie tesis geïnteresseerd is. Die studie is hoofsaaklik kwalitatief van aard. Die respondente was 184 lede van die Hooyvlakte gemeenskap, en deelnemers het individue van beide geslagte tussen die ouderdomme van 16 en 87 jaar ingesluit. Die enigste vereiste vir deelname aan die studie was dat informante reeds 15 jaar in Beaufort-Wes woonagtig moes wees. Elke informant het 'n vraelys voltooi op grond waarvan sy/haar taalvaardigheid, taalgebruik en taalvoorkeur vasgestel kon word. Die vraelys het ook die informante geleentheid gegee om hul mening te lug oor die waarde en gebruik van veeltaligheid in hul gemeenskap. Die bevindinge van die studie toon aan dat die Hooyvlakte gemeenskap steeds hoofsaaklik Afrikaans is. Daar is egter 'n toename in hul kennis en gebruik van Engels, en ten spyte van moontlike beperkinge in hul Engelse taalvaardigheid wat formele toetse sou kon uitwys, beskou deelnemers hulself steeds as gebalanseerde tweetalige sprekers van Afrikaans en Engels. Hierdie siening hou verband met 'n verskuiwing in talige identiteit, van 'n oorwegend eksklusiewe (meestal gestigmatiseerde) Afrikaanse identiteit na 'n (grootliks trotse) Afrikaans en Engels tweetalige identiteit. Die gestigmatiseerde Bruin en Afrikaanse identiteite blyk neweprodukte te wees van die (etniese en kulturele) klassifiseringsgebruike uit die vorige Suid-Afrikaanse sosio-politiese bestel. Stigma, enersyds, en uitsluiting, andersyds, het 'n begeerte in die Hooyvlakte gemeenskap laat ontstaan, om te assosieer met 'n ander taal benewens Afrikaans. Hierdie verskuiwing na 'n tweetalige Afrikaans-Engelse identiteit kontrasteer met die verskuiwing van hoofsaaklik Afrikaanse taalidentiteit na feitlik uitsluitlik eentalig Engelse identiteit, wat onlangs in "bruin" gemeenskappe elders waargeneem en opgeteken is (vgl. Anthonissen en George 2003; Farmer 2009; Fortuin 2009).
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Popplewell, Abigail M. "The effects of cognitive training on aging adults application of a rehabilitative categorization program /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1145461078.
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Muniz, Kassandra. "Linguagem e identificação : uma contribuição para o debate sobre ações afirmativas para negros no Brasil." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270845.
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Orientador: Kanavillil RajagopalanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T05:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Muniz_Kassandra_D.pdf: 1332593 bytes, checksum: 3634791648d14747b489209ad9d48a69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Nesta tese, defendemos que a noção de raça foi ressignificada positivamente para atender às reivindicações do povo negro, uma vez que no contexto sócio-político atual do Brasil, é impossível dissociar as políticas públicas das políticas de identidades. Neste sentido, a polarização entre brancos e negros constituiu e constitui até hoje a grande estratégia do movimento social negro para adquirir uma força política que até então estava diluída no discurso da miscigenação, e mascarada pelo mito da democracia racial. A "essencialização" da identidade negra foi e ainda é um trunfo lingüístico e político importante para adquirir direitos negligenciados historicamente. A fim de verificar como a linguagem é primordial para se saber quem pode ser beneficiado pela reserva de vagas, modalidade de ação afirmativa privilegiada por esta pesquisa, foram analisados os documentos e resoluções de 4 universidades, a saber UNEB, UFBA, UERJ e UNB. A flutuação lingüística encontrada nestes documentos revelou que também as universidades encontram dificuldades para definir, ou melhor, delimitar as possibilidades de existências negras no Brasil. À indagação de alguns pesquisadores, geralmente contra essas ações, sobre o fato de que temos hoje muito mais pessoas se identificando como negras, uma das respostas a que esta pesquisa chegou é que o processo de identificação é estratégico.
Abstract: In this dissertation, we argue that the notion of race has been positively resignified to meet claims of black people, once in the current Brazilian social and political contexts, it is impossible to detach public politics from identity politics. In this sense, the divide between whites and blacks has been the major strategy of black social movement so as to acquire the political force that had been blurred with the discourse of miscegenation, and disguised under the racial democracy myth. The "essencialization" of black identity stands out as an important linguistic and political trump to acquire historically neglected rights. In order to verify how language is fundamental in the identification of those who should be eligible for undergraduate positions under the race criterion, an affirmative action that is our target here, we analyzed the documents and decisions of four Brazilian universities, the Federal Universities of Bahia and Brasília, and the state universities of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. The linguistic fluctuation evidenced in such documents demonstrates that the universities themselves face difficulties to define or delimitate the boundaries of black subjectivities in Brazil. To the question that some scholars raise - those who are against affirmative actions - concerning the fact that nowadays many more persons identify themselves as black, one of the responses that this dissertation has formulated is that the process of identification is strategic.
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Fortuin, Esterline Diane. "Language shift from Afrikaans to English in "Coloured" families in Port Elizabeth three case studies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2131.
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Thesis (MPhil (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates whether language shift is occurring within the community of the northern areas of Port Elizabeth. These areas are historically predominantly “coloured” and Afrikaans-speaking, and are mixed in terms of the socioeconomic status of their inhabitants. Lately, there is a tendency for many of the younger generation to speak more English. Using the model of another study (Anthonissen and George 2003) done in the Cape Town area, three generations (grandparent, parent and grandchild) of three families were interviewed regarding their use of English and Afrikaans in various domains. The pattern of language shift in this study differs somewhat, but not totally, from that described in Anthonissen and George (2003) and Farmer (2009). In these two studies, there was a shift from predominantly Afrikaans in the older two generations to English in the youngest generation. In this study, the shift is also almost exclusively to English in the youngest generation, but the shift at times took place from English-Afrikaans bilingualism and not predominantly from Afrikaans. In two cases, the first generation was raised in English but raised their children in Afrikaans, and then the grandchildren were raised in English again. The reasons why the shift took place in the northern areas of Port Elizabeth appears to be similar to the reasons in the Cape Town area, namely perceived better education opportunities and better socio-economic prospects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word daar gepoog om vas te stel of taalverskuiwing besig is om plaas te vind in die gemeensakp van die noordelike areas van Port Elizabeth. Hierdie areas is histories hoofsaaklik “gekleurd” en Afrikaanssprekend, en is gemeng in terme van die sosioekonomiese status van hul inwoners. Dit wil egter voorkom asof daar deesdae ‘n tendens onder die jonger geslag is om meer Engels te praat. Die model van ‘n ander studie (Anthonissen en George 2003), wat in die Kaapstad-area gedoen is, is in hierdie studie gebruik: daar is onderhoude gevoer met drie generasies (grootouer, ouer, kleinkind) van drie families oor hul gebruik van Engels en Afrikaans in verskeie domeine. Die patroon van taalverskuiwing in hierdie studie het verskil van dié wat in die Anthonissen en George (2003)- en Farmer (2009)-studies beskryf is, maar nie heeltemal nie. In laasgenoemde twee studies was daar ‘n verskuiwing van hoofsaaklik Afrikaans in die ouer twee generasies na Engels in die jongste generasie. In hierdie studie is die verskuiwing ook na amper uitsluitlik Engels in die jongste generasie, maar by tye het die verskuiwing plaasgevind vanaf Engels-Afrikaans tweetaligheid en nie vanaf hoofsaaklik Afrikaans nie. In twee gevalle is die eerste generasie Engels grootgemaak maar het hul hul kinders Afrikaans grootgemaak, en dan is die kleinkinders weer Engels grootgemaak. Die redes waarom die verskuiwing plaasgevind het, is dieselfde as die redes wat deur die verskuiwing in die Kaapstad-gemeenskappe aangevoer is, naamlik beter opvoedkundige geleenthede en beter sosio-ekonomiese vooruitsigte.
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Haghighi, Moghaddam Mohammad Hossein. "Variability in Sentence Comprehension Performance in People with and without Aphasia: A Pupillometric and Behavioral Study of the Influence of Memory and Attention." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1564578298370513.
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Karlsson, Denise. "Do people with larger lungs speak in longer utterances and inhale less frequently? : Relationships between lung capacity, respiratory rate, proportion of lung capacity used for speech and utterance durations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182407.
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This study examined the relationship between lung capacity, speech volume and duration of utterances. 8 adult subjects, 4 males and 4 females (24-36 yrs), participated. By breathing into a digital spirometer, lung capacities such as Vital Capacity (VC) and Inspirational Capacity (IC) were estimated. Respiratory movements were measured using Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP), and these respiratory movements were calibrated in litres using the spirometer. The proportion of lung capacity used for speech was estimated from the calibrated RIP signals during reading of a nonsense text without punctuation marks. This proportion was defined as the median volume of exhaled air per utterance (SV) (in litres) during text reading, divided by the speaker’s VC (SV/VC). Utterance durations (UD) and Respiratory Rates (RR) were estimated from acoustic recordings of the text readings as well as the RIP signals, displayed in Praat. This allowed investigating the relationships between lung capacity, respiratory rate, utterance durations as well as the proportion of lung capacity used for speech. Put differently, the question was whether people with larger lungs speak in longer utterances and inhale less frequently, as well as whether people with smaller lungs use a relatively larger proportion of their lung capacity for speaking. Additionally, where SV initiated (SVIN) and terminated (SVTER) within VC was calculated based on the RIP signals. There were no significant relationships between VC and UD or RR. In addition, there was no significant relationship between SV/VC and VC. SVIN ranged from 43%-71% and SVTER ranged from 17%-55%. The results indicate no relationship between VC and UD or RR nor that people with a smaller VC use more of it for speech. The range of SV within VC suggest that people maintain a fairly relaxed state with regards to muscle pressure.
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Séguis, Brigita. "The Polish-Russian mixed code in the Polish community in Lithuania." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0439ac1c-5401-448b-b747-07126274b589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the patterns of language alternation in the Polish community in Lithuania, which can be described as an indigenous ethnic group that has been living on the territory of modern-day Lithuania since the fourteenth century (Potašenko 2007). Following two language ideologies, Russification during Soviet times and Lithuanisation post-independence, the Lithuanian Poles developed complex linguistic repertoires, consisting of the regional and standard variety of Polish, Russian and Lithuanian. One of the most significant consequences of the prolonged language contact has been the emergence of frequent and regular language alternation between the regional variety of Polish and Russian, which constitutes the focal point of the present study. As the existing research suggests, the linguistic phenomena arising as a result of language contact can be situated along a continuum, which starts with code-switching, then gradually moves towards code-mixing and finally evolves into a conventionalised fused lect (Auer 1999). 'Classic' code-switching is characterised by the locally meaningful juxtaposition of the two languages, code-mixing can be described as a type of interaction where the switched mode of speaking becomes the norm while a fused lect is an even further development of bilingual speech, which presupposes loss of variation and an increase of linguistic structure. The data for the present study come from a corpus of spontaneous conversations involving members of the Polish community. The recordings were collected in the city of Vilnius and feature 25 respondents in their twenties. The data analysis reveals that all three types of language alternation feature in the present corpus; however, code-mixing is clearly the preferred type. It immediately manifests itself in the frequent insertion of Russian single switches and larger constituents into the Polish base. As a result of its wide spread and frequency, language alternation has lost its immediate local meaning and the pattern of frequent Polish-Russian mixing has become the accepted mode of speaking within the Polish speech community.
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Tang, Tsui-yee Eastre, and 鄧翠怡. "A sociolinguistic study of the "indigenous residents" of Tsing Yi Island: a preliminary survey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31949691.
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Ricquier, Birgit. "Porridge deconstructed: a comparative linguistic approach to the history of staple starch food preparations in Bantuphone Africa." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the current interest in food studies, little is known about the culinary history of Central and Southern Africa. Using the methods of historical-comparative linguistics, this dissertation provides the first insights into the culinary traditions of early Bantu speech communities. The dissertation focuses on the history of staple starch food preparations, more specifically, the history of porridge and the integration of cassava into Kongo culinary traditions.Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Dreyfus, Shoshana Judith. "When there is no speech a case study of the nonverbal multimodal communication of a child with an intellectual disability /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070815.141153/index.html.
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Ndhlovu, Ketiwe. "An investigation of strategies used by Ndebele translators in Zimbabwe in translating HIV/AIDS texts: a corpus-based approach." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Zimbabwe, translation studies is yet to be recognized as a discipline worthy of study in its own right, hence, not much research has been carried out into the theory and practice of translation. Furthermore, there is no tertiary institution that offers professional translation courses. In light of this information most translations are carried out by untrained/partially trained translators with only a few translators who have gained experience over time. The aim of this study was to investigate strategies used by Ndebele translators in the translation of specialized terms and cultural taboos in selected HIV/AIDS texts, as well as factors that can be used to improve the translation situation of Zimbabwe. Three main theoretical approaches were used in a complementary fashion, namely Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), Cultural Studies and Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS). DTS provided the researcher with a theory to understand the Ndebele translations in their wider environment; Cultural Studies provided the researcher with the means by which to understand Ndebele culture and taboos; Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS) provided the researcher with the methodological tools and analytical techniques to analyse the corpus of texts. An English-Ndebele Parallel Corpus (ENPC) was created using fourteen English source texts and their corresponding Ndebele translations. The ENPC was interrogated by means of ParaConc, a parallel concordancing program. The study found that when translating specialised terms, Ndebele translators used strategies such as a general or neutral word, cultural substitution, paraphrasing and omission. The strategy of omission was misused in most cases because Ndebele translators omitted valuable information which did not reach the target readers. With regards to translation strategies that contributed to term creation, it was found that Ndebele translators relied on external as well as internal resources. The translators used strategies such as pure loan words; pure loan words preceeded by an explanation and indigenised loan words. From the Ndebele language itself, the translators resorted to semantic shift, compounding, coinage and paraphrasing, among others. From the ENPC it is clear that Ndebele translators did manage to transfer the message from English to Ndebele to an extent. However, the ENPC has to be used with caution by other researchers since the translations included in the corpus are full of errors such as misinterpretations of the source texts, mistranslations, incorrect terms and incorrect orthography. This factor points to a dire need to establish translation as an academic discipline and profession in Zimbabwe so as to elevate the quality of translations and offer better translation services to all users.
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Røyrvik, Ellen C. "The peoples of Britain: population genetics, archaeology and linguistics : population genetics, archaeology and linguistics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The history of peoples has always evoked a great deal of both academic and popular interest, and the peoples of Britain, with its island position and semi-mythic serial invasions, have evoked as much as any. As most of the period during which Britain has been inhabited by modern humans lies in prehistory, archaeology has long been the best method for elucidating the past. In recent years, however, genetics has come to complement the reconstruction of peoples' pasts, with its ability to trace lineal human biology instead of transferable human culture. The purpose of this thesis is to assess population genetics systems of Britain against the backdrop of archaeologically determined history, informed for later periods by linguistics, and attempt to ascertain any marked congruities or incongruities between this history and modern genetic data. The genetic datasets included in this work are the People of the British Isles Project collection, and some ancillary cohorts from surrounding countries. The genetic systems assessed include mitochondrial DNA, classical marker genes, lactase, pigmentation genes and some phenotypes, and finally a suite of candidate genes for determining normal facial variation. In a self-contained section, the principle of relating population genetic data to population histories is illustrated by a study focusing on Central Asia (a larger area), but using fewer genetic markers. The chosen markers systems overall reveal modest amounts of genetic differentiation among different groups in Britain, but consistently highlight Wales and Orkney especially as relatively distanced from the rest of Britain. This is in keeping with the historically quite isolated state of the former, and the comparatively recent heavy influx of Norse Vikings in the latter. Further details are observable from subsets of this study: all are discussed in the context of archaeological and linguistic evidence. These findings provide support and foundation for a forthcoming study from the People of the British Isles Project, using a genome-wide SNP approach rather than selected markers, which will likely increase the nuance of this initial picture and contribute further to answering specific questions regarding Britain's past.
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Johnston, Patricia Gwen. "Maranao vocabulary of moral failure and rectification." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерела
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Charles-Fontaine, Céline. "Stratégies pour l'emploi des personnes handicapées : construction du handicap dans les discours d'une entreprise." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030049/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette analyse des stratégies mises en œuvre par une entreprise pour l’emploi des personnes handicapées est le fruit d’un travail d’observation de près de quatre années, mené dans le cadre d’une thèse « CIFRE ». Notre étude s’appuie sur des corpus d’interactions et de documents issus des activités de l’entreprise (supports de communication, mails, notes de travail, etc.). Ayant situé notre travail dans la perspective de la linguistique interactionnelle, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à la façon dont une entreprise définit le handicap. Des situations de réunion (préparation de communications internes, réunions « d’information-sensibilisation » destinées au personnel) et des documents réalisés dans la perspective d’une politique d’intégration de personnes permettent d’analyser un ensemble de pratiques descriptives du handicap. Ces pratiques révèlent des modes de description très éloignés des pratiques ordinaires qui traitent le plus souvent du handicap comme d’un stigmate. En effet, les pratiques des entreprises visent au contraire à le constituer en ressource afin de convaincre de l’intérêt que représente l’emploi des personnes handicapées (avantages managériaux, financiers, etc.). Les descriptions produites sont constitutives d’un savoir sur le handicap propre au contexte de l’entreprise et rendent visibles pour l’analyste les processus de catégorisation des personnes handicapées ainsi que les attentes normatives associées à cette catégorie. L’analyse des pratiques observées nous a permis de réaliser un support d’information et de sensibilisation pour la mise en œuvre d’une politique d’emploi en faveur des personnes handicapéesThis analysis of strategies used by a company in the employment of disabled persons is the product of fours years of observation, undertaken as part of a company-university doctoral partnership [“CIFRE” contract]. Our study is based on interactional data and documents produced by company’s activities (communication mediums, e-mails, meetings notes, etc...). Our work falls within the boundaries of interactional linguistics, with a specific focus on how companies define disability. We were able to analyze a series of descriptive practices of disability in the context of meetings (for the preparation of internal communication, to inform and raise awareness among personnel) and though documents produced to implement an employment policy for persons with disabilities. These practices reveal ways of describing disability that greatly differ from ordinary practices, which often treat disability as a stigma. Indeed, company practices seek to present disability as a resource, in order to convincingly convey the benefits of employing disabled persons (management and financial gains, etc.). The descriptions produced are constitutive of a knowledge about disability, unique to the company’s context, and which make visible to the analyst both the processes of categorization of disabled persons as well as presumptive knowledge concerning this category. The analysis of practices observed allowed us to design a document to inform and raise awareness about the implementation of an employment policy concerning people with disabilities
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Royrvik, E. C. "The peoples of Britain : population genetics, archaeology and linguistics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c25a230b-7cdd-46ab-977c-95a5b81875b4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The history of peoples has always evoked a great deal of both academic and popular interest, and the peoples of Britain, with its island position and semi-mythic serial invasions, have evoked as much as any. As most of the period during which Britain has been inhabited by modern humans lies in prehistory, archaeology has long been the best method for elucidating the past. In recent years, however, genetics has come to complement the reconstruction of peoples' pasts, with its ability to trace lineal human biology instead of transferable human culture. The purpose of this thesis is to assess population genetics systems of Britain against the backdrop of archaeologically determined history, informed for later periods by linguistics, and attempt to ascertain any marked congruities or incongruities between this history and modern genetic data. The genetic datasets included in this work are the People of the British Isles Project collection, and some ancillary cohorts from surrounding countries. The genetic systems assessed include mitochondrial DNA, classical marker genes, lactase, pigmentation genes and some phenotypes, and finally a suite of candidate genes for determining normal facial variation. In a self-contained section, the principle of relating population genetic data to population histories is illustrated by a study focusing on Central Asia (a larger area), but using fewer genetic markers. The chosen markers systems overall reveal modest amounts of genetic differentiation among different groups in Britain, but consistently highlight Wales and Orkney especially as relatively distanced from the rest of Britain. This is in keeping with the historically quite isolated state of the former, and the comparatively recent heavy influx of Norse Vikings in the latter. Further details are observable from subsets of this study: all are discussed in the context of archaeological and linguistic evidence. These findings provide support and foundation for a forthcoming study from the People of the British Isles Project, using a genome-wide SNP approach rather than selected markers, which will likely increase the nuance of this initial picture and contribute further to answering specific questions regarding Britain's past.
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Zallocco, Ronald T. "Communication and Language Learning." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321563345.
Повний текст джерела
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Bredberg, Johan. "Man måste ta sig tid att lyssna : Talhandikappade elevers möjlighet att tillgodogöra sig svenskundervisningen inom Riksgymnasieverksamheten." Thesis, Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En enkätundersökning, en intervjustudie och en observationsstudie har gjorts. Undersökningarna handlar om talhandikappade elevers syn på sin utbildning och sin framtid. Resultatet visar att eleverna ser positivt på sin framtid och att få jobb och att eleverna känner sig kränkta i vissa situationer. Intervjuerna gjordes med tre lärare, en rektor samt en logoped, alla verksamma inom Riksgymnasieverksamheten för rörelsehindrade elever. Frågeställningarna i denna uppsats var:
• På vilket sätt arbetar skolan för att elever med talhandikapp ska uppfylla kursmålen för svenska?
• Hur ofta och på vilka grunder används Gymnasieförordningens undantagsbestämmelser i undervisningen?
• Hur ser eleverna själva på sin framtid, sin utbildning och sitt funktionshinder?
Resultatet visar också att man inom verksamheten har god kunskap och erfarenhet med elever med talhandikapp och de har utvecklat strategier för at kunna ge dessa elever en så god undervisning och skolgång som möjligt. Observationsstudien visade att det är gott socialt klimat bland elever som undervisas i mindre undervisningsgrupper
A study with help of interviews, inquiries and observations has been made. The surveys is about students with speech disorders and their views on their education and their future. The result shows that pupils welcomes their future and to get jobs and that students feel wronged in some situations. The interviews were carried out by three teachers, a headmaster and a speech therapist, all active in Riksgymnasieverksamheten för rörelsehindrade elever (special schools for disabled students). Issues of this essay was:
• In what way are the school working to help students with speech disorders to meet the course goals in Swedish education?
• How often and on what grounds are the Act`s exemptions beeing used in teaching?
• How do the students see themselves and their future, their education and their disability?
The result also shows that,Riksgymnasieverksamheten have a good knowledge and experience with students with speech disorders and have developed strategies to give these students a good education and schooling. The observations showed that there are good social climate among students who are taught in smaller teaching groups
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Fröse, Jenny. "Las actitudes existentes entre los catalanes y los españoles no catalanes : Un estudio etnolingüístico." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay involves comparing the Catalan and Spanish (not Catalan) ethnic groups, the two main groups found in Spain, in terms of linguistics. As both groups have their own language, we will be focusing on what attitude each group has in regards to the Catalan and Spanish language. In addition, we will be investigating their attitudes about the people belonging to these two ethnic groups. The purpose of this study is to affirm if these groups have a positive or negative attitude regarding each other, specifically in terms of language. As language is a part of the ethnic identity, we will also analyze which components of the ethnic identity are most important to each group. In order to achieve this, we will first and foremost study closely, and present, the concept of ethnic identity and its various components. We made use of questionnaires in order to gather information about the Catalan and Spanish (not Catalan) people and their languages, which were answered by 60 Catalans and 30 Spaniards.
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Morcom, Lindsay A. "The universality and demarcation of lexical categories cross-linguistically." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15c6d591-9721-4a53-a390-848ea2df95af.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing data from a variety of sources, this thesis compares functional evidence regarding lexical categories from a number of Salish and Wakashan languages, as well as from the Michif language. It then applies Prototype Theory to examine the structure of the lexicons of these languages. They are described in terms of prototype categories that overlap to varying extents, with each category and each area of overlap defined by a central set of prototypical features. A high degree of gradience appears to exist between categories in Salish and Wakashan languages, with no clear boundary between categories or areas of overlap, indicating that lexical categories in these languages, rather than being clearly demarcated, are instead fuzzy categories with very little distinguishing them. Categories in Michif, on the other hand, exhibit far less overlap. This variation is compared to variation in conceptual categories across languages, and challenges the notions of the universality of clearly demarcated lexical categories and the existence of separately stored language module in the human mind. In spite of the variation in lexical category demarcation observed across the languages studied, it is possible to demarcate the categories of Noun and Verb to at least some extent in all languages, as well as a category of Adjective in some languages. This supports the proposed universality of the categories of Noun and Verb, as well as the implicational universals proposed in the Amsterdam Model of Parts of Speech (Hengeveld 1992a, b). It is also possible to identify a number of defining characteristics for each lexical category that appear to hold across languages. Since similar characteristics can be identified across languages for all categories, but the categories themselves display varying degrees of overlap in individual languages, this research supports the proposal that language universals, rather than consisting of structures, rules, and categories that are identical in all languages, are rather collections of prototypical characteristics for grammatical categories that are similar across languages (Croft 2000).
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Cook, Sheri Sophie. "Past, Present and Future Communication Technology and Its Effect on the Linguistic Minority Deaf People." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967963281&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Martínez-Acchini, Leonardo Miguel. "Hidden People, Hidden Identity: socio-cultural and Linguistic change among Quechua migrants in lowland Bolivia." University of Florida, 2017. http://dspace.unila.edu.br/123456789/2894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dissertation presented to the graduate school of the University of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2009Submitted by Leonardo Martinez-Acchini (leonardo.acchini@unila.edu.br) on 2017-11-01T01:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 martineza_l.pdf: 1737664 bytes, checksum: a522807aa2f99a94e70dedfdaee49734 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-01T01:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martineza_l.pdf: 1737664 bytes, checksum: a522807aa2f99a94e70dedfdaee49734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
This research is about cultural and linguistic change among western Bolivian highland and valley peasants who have been migrating to the country’s eastern lowlands in the recent years, a very widespread phenomenon in developing economies of the Andean neo-tropics today. In particular, I want to know how Quechua-speaking people from the highlands and valleys adapt to lowland culture; which ethnic traits and linguistic resources they keep, and which ones they abandon; and which strategies they utilize to ease the process of adaptation. The results indicate that highland migrants who settled in the lowland community of Cuatro Cañadas (department of Santa Cruz) speak less Quechua among themselves, and especially with their children, although they assign great importance to the maintenance of this language. Four specific cultural practices that were selected as indicators of Quechua mode of life were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there is a substantial reduction of these practices in the lowlands. Also, inter-ethnic marriage (highlanders seeking lowlanders), thought to be an important strategy of adaptation, was found to be a preference for a reduced proportion of both the single migrant population and the married population. Therefore, migrants in Cuatro Cañadas are reducing their traditional linguistic behavior and the practice of specific cultural traditions, but their alliance patterns are still somewhat conservative. In spite of this process of acculturation, the theoretical framework used in this research argues that highland migrants do not fully own Cuatro Cañadas: they are trapped between traditional, modern and globalizing codes, and just embrace the hybrid nature of their identities, which makes them speak and behave in certain ways depending on which ethnic identity they want to activate.
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Martínez-Acchini, Leonardo Miguel. "Hidden people, hidden identity socio-cultural and linguistic change among Quechua migrants in lowland Bolivia /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024856.
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Horikawa, Naoko. "English Loan Words in Japanese: Exploring Comprehension and Register." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
English loan words (ELWs) have become a considerable part of the contemporary Japanese vocabulary. Meanwhile, it has been shown that there are individual differences in the rate of ELW comprehension. Among the factors for low comprehension is age; people over 60 years old have been shown to comprehend fewer ELWs than the overall age group. As Japan is expected to soon enter the era of an aging society, the issue of ELW comprehension is likely to present serious social and personal problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of frequently used ELWs in contemporary written Japanese, with particular attention to their frequencies, linguistic features, and comprehension rates by people over 60 years old. In order to identify the mediums that are likely to be problematic, three registers were examined: government white papers, books, and internet texts. The study found that the three registers differ in their overall frequencies of ELWs and distributions of the semantic categories, while the distributions of the types of borrowing are similar. It also found that ELWs in certain semantic categories have lower comprehension rates than other categories. Registers that regularly contain low-comprehension ELWs are likely to pose problems for readers over 60 years old.