Статті в журналах: "PEO - Polymer Electrolytes"

1

Somsongkul, Voranuch, Surassawatee Jamikorn, Atchana Wongchaisuwat, San H. Thang, and Marisa Arunchaiya. "Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on PEO Composite Polymer Blend Electrolytes." Advanced Materials Research 1131 (December 2015): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1131.186.

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The composite polymer electrolyte consisting of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), KI, I2 and TiO2 was blended with low molecular weight poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and (PEG-MA)-Ru. The SEM images of these blended PEO electrolytes showed better dispersion of materials and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study showed an increase in conductivity compared to that of composite PEO electrolyte. These results were consistent with enhanced efficiency of DSSCs using these blended PEO electrolytes. The energy conversion efficiencies of DSSCs using composite PEO-PEG, PEO-(PEG-MA)-Ru and PEO-PEG-(PEG-MA)-Ru polymer blend electrolytes were 5.47, 5.05 and 5.28, respectively compared to 4.99 of DSSC using composite PEO electrolyte. The long-term storage of unsealed DSSCs at room temperature for 93 days demonstrated that the cell efficiency gradually decreased to 0.49-1.88%. DSSCs assembled with composite polymer blend electrolyte showed a slower decrease than that of DSSC using composite PEO electrolyte. It was found that the composite PEO-PEG-(PEG-MA)-Ru polymer blend electrolyte of 1.0:0.1:0.1 weight ratio gave the best improvement in stability of DSSCs.

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2

Lin, Yuan, Maio Wang, and Xu Rui Xiao. "Investigation of PEO-Imidazole Ionic Liquid Oligomer and Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Key Engineering Materials 451 (November 2010): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.451.41.

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Ionic liquid oligomer, 1-oligo(ethyleneoxide)-3-methylimidazolium salt (PEO(X)MIm) and Ionic liquid polymer, poly(1-oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate-3-methylimidazolium) salt (P(MOEMIm)) prepared by incorporating imidazolium ionic liquid with PEO oligomer and polymer were investigated as electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Ionic liquid electrolytes were composed of LiI, I2, and PEO(X)MImCl or the mixture of 1-hexyl-3-methylidazolium iodide (HMImI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4) and PEO(X)MImCl. Quasi-solid-state electrolytes were prepared by employing the imidazole polymers P(MOEMImCl) to solidify the liquid electrolyte containing lithium iodide, iodine and ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) mixed solvent. Ionic liquid based quasi-solid state electrolytes were prepared by solidifying the ionic liquid electrolytes containing HMImI or a binary mixture of HMImI and EMImBF4 with an ionic liquid polymer P(MOEMImCl), respectively. The influences of PEO molecular weight, polymer content, addition of alkyl ionic liquid and various anions of the ionic liquid oligomers and polymer on the ionic conductivity, apparent diffusion coefficient of the redox species in the electrolytes and the performance of solar cells were examined. The influences on the kinetic behaviors of dye regeneration and triiodide reduction reactions taken place at nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode and Pt counter-electrode, respectively, were also studied by cyclic-voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. By using ternary ionic liquid electrolyte containing 1M lithium iodide and 0.5M iodine in the ionic liquid of the ionic liquid mixture of PEO(X)MImCl), HMImI and EMImBF4, quasi-solid-state electrolytes and ionic liquid based quasi-solid state electrolytes the photoelectron conversion efficiency of DSCs is 7.89%, 7.6% and 6.1%, respectively(AM 1.5, 100mWcm−2). These results show the potential application of PEO based ionic liquid in SCs.

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3

Sharon, Daniel, Chuting Deng, Peter Bennington, Michael Webb, Shrayesh N. Patel, Juan de Pablo, and Paul F. Nealey. "Critical Percolation Threshold for Solvation Site Connectivity in Polymer Electrolytes Mixtures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 45 (July 7, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01451906mtgabs.

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To address the tradeoff between mechanical strength and Li+ conductivity in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (PEO)-based electrolytes, a rigid nonconductive polymer is frequently added to the electrolyte via blending or copolymerization. The ionic conductivity of mixed PEO electrolytes is generally lower than that of unmixed PEO electrolytes. The suppressed ionic conductivity is attributed to the reduced segmental mobility and connectivity of the conductive PEO cites. Most experimental systems make it difficult to decouple the two mechanisms and accurately examine their impact on conductivity. We compare two symmetric polymer mixtures (50:50 wt%): a miscible polymer blend PEO/PMMA and a disordered block copolymer (BCP) PEO-b-PMMA, both with the same amount of Li salt. Because their chemical and physical properties are the same, changes in ionic conductivity can be attributed solely to local changes in PEO network connectivity. We discover that the mixtures' immediate Li+ solvation sites (<5 Å) are identical to those of unmixed PEO electrolytes. The presence of non-conducting PMMA near the PEO, on the other hand, causes local concentration changes at longer range scales. The BCP is more mixed than the blend electrolyte at these length scales, resulting in a factor of two drop in conductivity. To that end, we propose a quantitative computational model that considers Li+ transport within and across PEO clusters at the appropriate length scales. This new understanding of network connectivity in polymer electrolyte mixtures is critical for the design of future multiphase polymer electrolyte systems.

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4

Arasakumari, M. "Structural, optical and electrical properties of anhydrous GdCl3 doped PEO polymer electrolyte films." Journal of Ovonic Research 18, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2022.184.553.

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GdCl3 doped PEO polymer electrolyte films were prepared using solution casting technique. XRD patterns, FTIR spectra and optical absorption studies confirm an amorphous nature and the formation of the polymer electrolyte films. The ionic conductivity increases with the GdCl3 content and the maximum value at room temperature is about 1.8310-2 S/cm for 20 mol% GdCl3doped PEO film. This value is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the ionic conductivity of NASICON type Gd-doped solid electrolytes and other polymer electrolytes. The results suggest that the Gd3+ doped PEO polymer electrolyte films are good candidates for future electrochemical devices.

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5

He, Binlang, Shenglin Kang, Xuetong Zhao, Jiexin Zhang, Xilin Wang, Yang Yang, Lijun Yang, and Ruijin Liao. "Cold Sintering of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/PEO Composite Solid Electrolytes." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 6756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196756.

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Ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes integrate the high ionic conductivity of in ceramics and the flexibility of organic polymers. In practice, ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes are generally made into thin films rather than sintered into bulk due to processing temperature limitations. In this work, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO) electrolyte containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt was successfully fabricated into bulk pellets via the cold sintering process (CSP). Using CSP, above 80% dense composite electrolyte pellets were obtained, and a high Li-ion conductivity of 2.4 × 10−4 S cm–1 was achieved at room temperature. This work focuses on the conductivity contributions and microstructural development within the CSP process of composite solid electrolytes. Cold sintering provides an approach for bridging the gap in processing temperatures of ceramics and polymers, thereby enabling high-performance composites for electrochemical systems.

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6

Wang, Bo. "Polymer-Mineral Composite Solid Electrolytes." MRS Advances 4, no. 49 (2019): 2659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.317.

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ABSTRACTPolymer-mineral composite solid electrolytes have been prepared by hot pressing using lithium ion-exchanged bentonite (LIEB) and mineral derived LATSP (Li1.2Al0.1Ti1.9Si0.1P2.9O12) NASICON materials as solid electrolyte fillers in the polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer containing LiTFSI salt. The mineral based solid electrolyte fillers not only increase ionic conductivity but also improve thermal stability. The highest ionic conductivities in the PEO-LIEB and PEO-LATSP composites were found to be 9.4×10-5 and 3.1×10-4 S·cm-1 at 40°C, respectively. The flexible, thermal stable and mechanical sturdy polymer-mineral composite solid electrolyte films can be used in the all-solid-state batteries.

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7

Lee, Kyoung-Jin, Eun-Jeong Yi, Gangsanin Kim, and Haejin Hwang. "Synthesis of Ceramic/Polymer Nanocomposite Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17562.

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Lithium-ion conducting nanocomposite solid electrolytes were synthesized from polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), LiClO4, and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) ceramic particles. The synthesized nanocomposite electrolyte consisted of LATP particles and an amorphous polymer. LATP particles were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposite electrolytes were flexible and self-standing. The lithium-ion conductivity of the nanocomposite electrolyte was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the PEO/PMMA solid polymer electrolyte.

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8

Zhang, Xiaoxian, Jing Tian, and Chunmei Jia. "Advances in the Study of Gel Polymer Electrolytes in Electrochromic Devices." Journal of Progress in Engineering and Physical Science 2, no. 1 (March 2023): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jpeps.2023.03.06.

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The electrolytes in electrochromic devices (ECDs) serve as a conduction medium between electrodes and providing compensating ions for electrochromic reactions. Their characteristics directly affect the performance of electrochromic devices. Due to their ease of processing and encapsulation and high ionic conductivity, polymer gel electrolytes are widely used in electrochromic devices. As gel electrolyte polymers, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are reviewed according to their polymer matrix. Furthermore, future development trends in gel polymer electrolytes are discussed.

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9

Mabuchi, Takuya, Koki Nakajima, and Takashi Tokumasu. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolytes of All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091012.

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Atomistic analysis of the ion transport in polymer electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries was performed using molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the relationship between Li-ion transport and polymer morphology. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly(diethylene oxide-alt-oxymethylene), P(2EO-MO), were used as the electrolyte materials, and the effects of salt concentrations and polymer types on the ion transport properties were explored. The size and number of LiTFSI clusters were found to increase with increasing salt concentrations, leading to a decrease in ion diffusivity at high salt concentrations. The Li-ion transport mechanisms were further analyzed by calculating the inter/intra-hopping rate and distance at various ion concentrations in PEO and P(2EO-MO) polymers. While the balance between the rate and distance of inter-hopping was comparable for both PEO and P(2EO-MO), the intra-hopping rate and distance were found to be higher in PEO than in P(2EO-MO), leading to a higher diffusivity in PEO. The results of this study provide insights into the correlation between the nanoscopic structures of ion solvation and the dynamics of Li-ion transport in polymer electrolytes.

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10

Magistris, Aldo, and Kamal Singh. "PEO-based polymer electrolytes." Polymer International 28, no. 4 (1992): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4990280406.

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11

Lian, Shuang, Yu Wang, Haifeng Ji, Xiaojie Zhang, Jingjing Shi, Yi Feng, and Xiongwei Qu. "Cationic Cyclopropenium-Based Hyper-Crosslinked Polymer Enhanced Polyethylene Oxide Composite Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Li-S Battery." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102562.

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The development of solid-state polymer electrolytes is an effective way to overcome the notorious shuttle effect of polysulfides in traditional liquid lithium sulfur batteries. In this paper, cationic cyclopropenium based cross-linked polymer was firstly prepared with the one pot method, and then the counter ion was replaced by TFSI− anion using simple ion replacement. Cationic cyclopropenium hyper-crosslinked polymer (HP) was introduced into a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix with the solution casting method to prepare a composite polymer electrolyte membrane. By adding HP@TFSI to the PEO-based electrolyte, the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries were significantly improved. The PEO-20%HP@TFSI electrolyte shows the highest Li+ ionic conductivity at 60 °C (4.0 × 10−4 S·cm−1) and the highest mechanical strength. In the PEO matrix, uniform distribution of HP@TFSI inhibits crystallization and weakens the interaction between each PEO chain. Compared with pure PEO/LiTFSI electrolyte, the PEO-20%HP@TFSI electrolyte shows lower interface resistance and higher interface stability with lithium anode. The lithium sulfur battery based on the PEO-20%HP@TFSI electrolyte shows excellent electrochemical performance, high Coulombic efficiency and high cycle stability. After 500 cycles, the capacity of the lithium-sulfur battery based on PEO-20%HP@TFSI electrolytes keeps approximately 410 mAh·g−1 at 1 C, the Coulomb efficiency is close to 100%, and the cycle capacity decay rate is 0.082%.

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12

Joge, Prajakta, Dinesh K. Kanchan, Poonam Sharma, and Nirali Gondaliya. "Conductivity Studies on Filler Free and Filler Doped PVA-PEO Based Blend Polymer Electrolytes." Advanced Materials Research 665 (February 2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.665.227.

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The present study deals with the investigation of conduction behavior of filler free and filler based blend electrolyte system. The polymer blend films consisting of PVA and PEO doped with silver salt and PEG plasticizer, are prepared using solution cast technique. The filler free system is prepared for varying ratios of host polymers (PVA: PEO); whereas the filler based system is prepared with various Al2O3 concentrations in the blend films. The conductivity studies of prepared samples are carried out using impedance spectroscopic analysis. The conductivity for the filler free blend system is found to increase with increasing amount of PEO in all the blend specimens. On the other hand, the filler based system shows the conductivity enhancement upto 6wt% which mitigates with further addition of filler into the electrolytes. The DSC scans are found to support the conductivity results.

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13

Wang, Wei Min. "Discussion on the Effect Factors of the Conductivity Performance of PEO-Based Polymer Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.22.

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Polymer electrolytes since the 1970s, the PV Wright, PEO polymers and inorganic salts can form complexes with high ionic conductivity. Thereafter, on a global scale, set off a craze of the theory with solid polymer electrolyte materials research and technology development, a lot of research work has been in the field to start and made great achievements in the preparation and study of different substrate materials composite polymer electrolytes, the most promising as lithium solid electrolyte materials. The polymer matrix itself large to have a high degree of crystallinity, this is very unfavorable to ion transport, therefore, to try to expand the ion transport required for the amorphous region and increase the migration of the polymer chain, and the electrolyte conductivity the rate is not only related with the polymer matrix, but also by the factors of the salt type and concentration of organic plasticizer and nano inorganic filler types and add methods.

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14

Jawad, Mohammed Kadhim. "Effect of cation size on electrochemical properties of polymer electrolyte." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 17, no. 42 (August 31, 2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v17i42.456.

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This study investigates the ionic conduction dependence on the size of alkaline cations in gel polymer electrolytes based on double iodide can enhance by incorporating a salt having a bulky cation. Group of gel polymer electrolytes with polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a host matrix based on double salts potassium iodide (KI) and rubidium iodide (RbI) with different weight ratio prepared by using solution cast technique. The maximum value of conductivity reaches (6.03 10⁻3 at 293 K) S/cm for an electrolyte which content (KI 45%, RbI 5%) from binary salt. The ionic conductivity of for gel polymer electrolytes gradually increases by increasing temperature. The real dielectric constant results confirm that the dielectric behavior of the PEO material is a thermally activated process. FTIR results confirm that the shifting of peaks is another way to prove the interactions between PEO and binary salt ascribed to the formation of a transient cross-linking complex between the cations of the ionic liquids and the ether oxygen of the PEO.

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15

Ponam and Parshuram Singh. "Synthesis and characterization of PEO and PVDF based polymer electrolytes with Mg(NO₃)₂ ionic salt as ionic conductivity improver." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2062, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2062/1/012031.

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Abstract The demand for solid polymer electrolytes is increasing continuously because of their better mechanical properties, stability, and strength while compared with liquid or gel electrolytes. However, the polymers are having poor ionic conductivity that can be improved by adding ionic salt during solid electrolyte production. Further, not all the electrolytes are compatible with polymers also the concentration of ionic salt beyond some limit not only decrease the ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte but also decrease the strength as well. In the present work, the mixture of two different polymers (10% PEO and 90% PVDF) is selected as the parent polymer for the production of solid polymer electrolytes. Mg(NO3)2 is used as ionic salt to increase the ionic conductivity and other properties of electrolytes. The concentration of Mg(NO3)2 is taken in 10%, 15%, and 20% (w%w) to the parent polymer, and the effects are analyzed on ionic conductivity. It is found that the addition of Mg(NO3)2 improves the ionic conductivity of electrolytes with a higher rate initially but the rate of increase of ionic conductivity decreases after 15%. Further, better thermal conduction and other properties are observed for the electrolyte having a 15% Mg(NO3)2 concentration. The detailed results are given in the present work.

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16

Sharma, Jitender Paul, and Vijay Singh. "Influence of high and low dielectric constant plasticizers on the ion transport properties of PEO: NH4HF2 polymer electrolytes." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 2 (March 2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319894043.

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Different composition ratio of polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as host polymer, ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) as salt, and propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), dimethyl chloride (DMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) as plasticizers has been prepared by solution casting technique. The influence of high dielectric constant plasticizers (PC and DMA) and low dielectric constant plasticizers (DMC and DEC) on the ion transport properties of PEO-NH4HF2 polymer electrolytes has been studied. The increase in ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes containing PC and DMA is observed to be more as compared to those electrolytes containing DMC and DEC, which is due to an increase in both the amorphous phase and dielectric constant of PEO. X-ray diffraction study reveals the amorphous nature in case of plasticized polymer electrolyte. In the Fourier transform infrared study, the changes and shifting of the different characteristic peaks confirm the polymer–salt complex formation and the dissociation of ion aggregates present at higher concentration of salt with the addition of PC. Maximum ionic conductivity of 1.40 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature has observed in case of plasticized polymer electrolytes containing optimum concentration of PC so that mechanical stability and flexibility be maintained. The variation of linewidth with temperature has also been studied by 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which confirms that both cations and anions are mobile in these polymer electrolytes. Line narrowing associated with the glass transition temperature ( T g; low mobility region) and melting temperature ( T m; high mobility region) of PEO has also been observed for plasticized polymer electrolytes containing PC having optimum conductivity value. Conductivity versus temperature variation study reveals curved nature of plot in case of plasticized polymer electrolytes containing high dielectric constant plasticizers, which is significant for their amorphous nature. Smooth morphology observed in case of plasticized polymer electrolytes having optimum conductivity value is essential key factor for polymer electrolytes to be suitable for practical applications.

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17

KIM, MIN-KYUNG, YU-JIN LEE, and NAM-JU JO. "THE EFFECT OF HSAB PRINCIPLE ON ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-IN-SALT ELECTROLYTES WITH ALIPHATIC POLYMER." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 01 (February 2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10013825.

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To obtain high ambient ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), we introduce polymer-in-salt system with ion hopping mechanism contrary to traditional salt-in-polymer system with segmental motion mechanism. In polymer-in-salt system, the interaction between polymer and salt is important because polymer-in-salt electrolyte contains a large amount of salt. Thus, we try to solve the origin of interaction between polymer and salt by using hard/soft acid base (HSAB) principle. The SPEs are made up of two types of polymers (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, hard base) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI, softer base than PEO)) and four types of salts ( LiCF 3 SO 3 (hard cation/hard anion), LiCl (hard cation/soft anion), AgCF 3 SO 3 (soft cation/hard anion), and AgCl (soft cation/soft anion)) according to HSAB principle. In salt-in-polymer system, ionic conductivities of SPEs were affected by HSAB principle but in polymer-in-salt system, they were influenced by the ion hopping property of salt rather than the solubility of polymer for salt according to HSAB principle. The highest ionic conductivities of PEO-based and PEI-based SPEs were 5.13 × 10-4Scm-1 and 7.32 × 10-4Scm-1 in polymer-in-salt system, respectively.

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18

Joge, Prajakta, and Dinesh K. Kanchan. "Influence of Nano-Filler Concentration on Transport Properties of PVA-PEO Blend Systems." Advanced Materials Research 1141 (August 2016): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1141.19.

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In the present study, two different PVA-PEO nanocomposite blend polymer electrolyte systems viz., System-I: [(PVA)(42.5):(PEO)(42.5):(AgNO3)(5):(PEG)(10):(Al2O3)(x)] and System-II: [(PVA)(47):(PEO)(47):(LiCF3SO3)(9):(EC)(6):(Al2O3)(x)] are prepared using solution cast technique for various Al2O3 nanofiller amounts ranging from 2 to 10 wt%. The influence of Al2O3 concentration on the transport properties of the electrolytes of both these systems is closely inspected. Here, the ionic transport number (ti) measurements of the blend specimens are carried out using ‘dc Polarization Technique’.

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19

Quartarone, E. "PEO-based composite polymer electrolytes." Solid State Ionics 110, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1998): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(98)00114-3.

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20

Tan, Xinjie, Yongmin Wu, Weiping Tang, Shufeng Song, Jianyao Yao, Zhaoyin Wen, Li Lu, Serguei V. Savilov, Ning Hu, and Janina Molenda. "Preparation of Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte via In Situ Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles in PEO." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010157.

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Composite polymer electrolytes provide an emerging solution for new battery development by replacing liquid electrolytes, which are commonly complexes of polyethylene oxide (PEO) with ceramic fillers. However, the agglomeration of fillers and weak interaction restrict their conductivities. By contrast with the prevailing methods of blending preformed ceramic fillers within the polymer matrix, here we proposed an in situ synthesis method of SiO2 nanoparticles in the PEO matrix. In this case, robust chemical interactions between SiO2 nanoparticles, lithium salt and PEO chains were induced by the in situ non-hydrolytic sol gel process. The in situ synthesized nanocomposite polymer electrolyte delivered an impressive ionic conductivity of ~1.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the preformed synthesized composite polymer electrolyte. In addition, an extended electrochemical window of up to 5 V vs. Li/Li+ was achieved. The Li/nanocomposite polymer electrolyte/Li symmetric cell demonstrated a stable long-term cycling performance of over 700 h at 0.01–0.1 mA cm−2 without short circuiting. The all-solid-state battery consisting of the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte, Li metal and LiFePO4 provides a discharge capacity of 123.5 mAh g−1, a Coulombic efficiency above 99% and a good capacity retention of 70% after 100 cycles.

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21

Azli, A. A., N. S. A. Manan, and M. F. Z. Kadir. "Conductivity and Dielectric Studies of Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Doped Polyethylene Oxide-Graphene Oxide Blend Based Electrolytes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/145735.

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Series of polymer blend consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and graphene oxide (GO) as co-host polymer were prepared using solution cast method. The most amorphous PEO-GO blend was obtained using 90 wt.% of PEO and 10 wt.% of GO as recorded by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis proved the interaction between PEO, GO, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), and ethylene sulfite (ES). Incorporation of 25 wt.% LiCF3SO3into the PEO-GO blend increases the conductivity to3.84±0.83×10-6 S cm−1. The conductivity starts to decrease when more than 25 wt.% salt is doped into the polymer blend. The addition of 1 wt.% ES into the polymer electrolyte has increased the conductivity to1.73±0.05×10-5 S cm−1. Dielectric studies show that all the electrolytes obey non-Debye behavior.

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22

Park, Bumjun, Rassmus Andersson, Sarah G. Pate, Jiacheng Liu, Casey P. O’Brien, Guiomar Hernández, Jonas Mindemark, and Jennifer L. Schaefer. "Ion Coordination and Transport in Magnesium Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polyester-co-Polycarbonate." Energy Material Advances 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9895403.

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Magnesium-ion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes have been studied for rechargeable Mg metal batteries, one of the beyond-Li-ion systems. In this paper, magnesium polymer electrolytes with magnesium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (Mg(TFSI)2) salt in poly(ε-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PCL-PTMC) were investigated and compared with the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) analogs. Both thermal properties and vibrational spectroscopy indicated that the total ion conduction in the PEO electrolytes was dominated by the anion conduction due to strong polymer coordination with fully dissociated Mg2+. On the other hand, in PCL-PTMC electrolytes, there is relatively weaker polymer–cation coordination and increased anion–cation coordination. Sporadic Mg- and F-rich particles were observed on the Cu electrodes after polarization tests in Cu|Mg cells with PCL-PTMC electrolyte, suggesting that Mg was conducted in the ion complex form (MgxTFSIy) to the copper working electrode to be reduced which resulted in anion decomposition. However, the Mg metal deposition/stripping was not favorable with either Mg(TFSI)2 in PCL-PTMC or Mg(TFSI)2 in PEO, which inhibited quantitative analysis of magnesium conduction. A remaining challenge is thus to accurately assess transport numbers in these systems.

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23

Zhang, L. X., Y. Z. Li, L. W. Shi, R. J. Yao, S. S. Xia, Y. Wang, and Y. P. Yang. "Electrospun Polyethylene Oxide (PEO)-Based Composite polymeric nanofiber electrolyte for Li-Metal Battery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2353, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2353/1/012004.

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Abstract Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) offer manufacturing feasibility and outstanding mechanical flexibility. However, the low ionic conductivity of the CPEs at room temperature, as well as the poor mechanical properties, have hindered their commercialization. In this work, Solid-state electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) with and without fumed SiO2 (FS) nanoparticles are prepared by electrostatic spinning process. The as-spun PEO hybrid nanofiber electrolyte with 6.85 wt% FS has a relatively high lithium ion conductivity and electrochemical stability, which is 4.8 × 10-4 S/cm and up to 5.2 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. Furthermore, it also shows a higher tensile strength (2.03 MPa) with % elongation at break (561.8). Due to the superior electrochemical and mechanical properties, it is promising as high-safety and all-solid-state polymer electrolyte for advanced Li-metal battery.

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Pandey, Kamlesh, Nidhi Asthana, Mrigank Mauli Dwivedi, and S. K. Chaturvedi. "Effect of Plasticizers on Structural and Dielectric Behaviour of [PEO + (NH4)2C4H8(COO)2] Polymer Electrolyte." Journal of Polymers 2013 (August 6, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752596.

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Improvements in ion transport property of polyethylene-oxide- (PEO-) based polymer electrolytes have been investigated, using different types of plasticizers. The effects of single and coupled plasticizers [i.e., EC, (EC + PC), and (EC + PEG)] on structural and electrical behavior of pristine electrolyte were studied by XRD, SEM technique, and impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the best plasticized system was found to be 4 × 10−6 S/cm. Argand plots show dispersive nature of relaxation time or inhomogeneous space charge polarization of plasticized polymer electrolyte.

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25

Hoffman, Zach J., Alec S. Ho, Saheli Chakraborty, and Nitash P. Balsara. "Limiting Current Density in Single-Ion-Conducting and Conventional Block Copolymer Electrolytes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac613b.

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The limiting current density of a conventional polymer electrolyte (PS-PEO/LiTFSI) and a single-ion-conducting polymer electrolyte (PSLiTFSI-PEO) was measured using a new approach based on the fitted slopes of the potential obtained from lithium-polymer-lithium symmetric cells at a constant current density. The results of this method were consistent with those of an alternative framework for identifying the limiting current density taken from the literature. We found the limiting current density of the conventional electrolyte is inversely proportional to electrolyte thickness as expected from theory. The limiting current density of the single-ion-conducting electrolyte was found to be independent of thickness. There are no theories that address the dependence of the limiting current density on thickness for single-ion-conducting electrolytes.

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Bhattacharya, S., and A. Ghosh. "Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Structure and Ionic Relaxation of Poly(ethylene oxide)-LiI Polymer Electrolyte Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18257.

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The effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the structure and ionic relaxation of LiI salt doped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer electrolytes has been investigated. X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy show that ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in the PEO-LiI polymer electrolyte reduce the crystallinity of PEO and increase relative smoothness of the surface morphology of the nanocomposite electrolyte. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites is found to increase due to incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. We have shown that the structural modification due to insertion of ZnO nanoparticles results in the enhancement of the mobility i.e., the hopping rate of mobile Li+ ions and hence the ionic conductivity of PEO-LiI-ZnO nanocomposite electrolyte.

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Shaheer Akhtar, M., Ui Yeon Kim, Dae Jin Choi, and O. Bong Yang. "Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Properties of Polyethylene Oxide–TiO₂ Composite Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.161.

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The e-beam irradiation technique was found to be a new efficient method to improve and control the morphological and electrochemical properties of composite electrolytes of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and TiO2 for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). PEO was irradiated by electron beam (e-beam) with energy source 2 MeV from 60 to 240 kGy doses at the dose rate of 15 kGy/min. The transition and amorphous phases of PEO were significantly increased upon the e-beam irradiation. Optimum e-beam irradiation was 60kGy in terms of degree of cross linking and amorphicity for the efficient ion conduction electrolytes. However, the properties of polymer and composite electrolytes were deteriorated after irradiation of > 60 kGy. The prepared composites with PEO/60kGy and TiO2 (PEO/60kGy-TiO2) showed significantly improved morphological and ionic conductivity properties of electrolyte for DSSC. DSSC fabricated with PEO/60kGy-TiO2 showed drastically increased conversion efficiency of 4.52% as compared to DSSC fabricated with bare PEO (conversion efficiency = 1.9%).

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Vinegrad, Adi, Heftsi Ragones, Nishani Jayakody, Gilat Ardel, Meital Goor, Yossi Kamir, Moty Marcos Dorfman, et al. "Plasticized 3D-Printed Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 110549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac39d5.

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In the current research, we developed and printed by fused-filament fabrication polylactide-polyethylene-oxide blended membranes. The influence of relative content of polymers on the ease of extrusion and printing processes was studied. Ionic liquid N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide (Pyr14TFSI) with dissolved LiTFSI salt was infused into the membranes to produce free-standing films of quasi-solid polymer electrolytes. The printed membranes were characterized by ESEM, DSC, XPS, NMR and EIS methods. Neat-printed PLA (polylactide) membrane exhibited poor wetting and low uptake of ionic liquid. However, the XPS tests of 3D-printed PLA-PEO membrane infused with LiTFSI solvated ionic liquid show evidence of the interaction between lithium cations with both, PEO (polyethylene oxide) and PLA. The measurements of diffusion coefficients by PGSE-NMR suggest that the Li+ ions are coordinated by the PEO segments in the polymer blend. Increase of the PEO content at the expense of PLA polymer, leads to more than one order of magnitude improvement of bulk conductivity, approaching 0.2 mS cm−1 at 60 ° C .

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Sripada, Suresh, M. Chandrashekhar Reddy, T. Sreekanth, Rajesh Siripuram, and K. Venkateshwarlu. "Influence of Nano Filler (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) on Optical and Thermal Studies of Potassium Doped Polyethylene Oxide Solid Polymer Electrolytes." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.101.

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Solid polymer electrolyte films made with potassium doped Polyethylene oxide using ZrO2 as nanofiller (70PEO-30KBF4-x ZrO2 where x = 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, & 10 wt% ) were prepared by solution casting technique. Optical and thermal properties of polymer electrolyte films were studied by using Optical absorption and DSC techniques. From Optical absorption spectra, it is observed that fundamental absorption edge is shifted towards the higher wavelength side (range 259- 297 nm) with increase of nano filler (ZrO2) concentration (1-10 wt %). Optical band gap for all electronic transitions (p=1/2, 2, 2/3 and 1/3) are found to be increased as incorporation of nano filler (ZrO2) which confirms the structural rearrangements takes place in polymer electrolyte films. Optical band gap for indirect allowed transitions (p=1/2) are found to be in the range of 1.93-3.34eV. Decrease in Urbach energy (4.8eV- 1.4eV) is associated with decrease in defect formation in host polymeric matrix (PEO-KBF4) as a result of embedded nano filler (ZrO2). DSC spectra analysis of polymer electrolytes has showed melting temperatures in the range 63.63-73.71°C and highest crystallinity is found to be 85 % (10 wt % ZrO2). Enthalpy values are elevated with increase in nanofiller composition (ZrO2) in the present polymer electrolyte films.Keywords: PEO based polymer electrolytes, Solid polymer electrolytes, Optical and Thermal studies.

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Miguel, Álvaro, Nuria García, Víctor Gregorio, Ana López-Cudero, and Pilar Tiemblo. "Tough Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Aluminum Secondary Batteries Based on Urea: AlCl3, Prepared by a New Solvent-Free and Scalable Procedure." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061336.

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Polymer gel electrolytes have been prepared with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the deep eutectic mixture of AlCl3: urea (uralumina), a liquid electrolyte which has proved to be an excellent medium for the electrodeposition of aluminum. The polymer gel electrolytes are prepared by mixing PEO in the liquid electrolyte at T > 65 °C, which is the melting point of PEO. This procedure takes a few minutes and requires no subsequent evaporation steps, being a solvent-free, and hence more sustainable procedure as compared to solvent-mediated ones. The absence of auxiliary solvents and evaporation steps makes their preparation highly reproducible and easy to scale up. PEO of increasing molecular weight (Mw = 1 × 105, 9 × 105, 50 × 105 and 80 × 105 g mol−1), including an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymer, has been used. Because of the strong interactions between the UHMW PEO and uralumina, self-standing gels can be produced with as little as 2.5 wt% PEO. These self-standing polymer gels maintain the ability to electrodeposit and strip aluminum, and are seen to retain a significant fraction of the current provided by the liquid electrolyte. Their gels’ rheology and electrochemistry are stable for months, if kept under inert atmosphere, and their sensitivity to humidity is significantly lower than that of liquid uralumina, improving their stability in the event of accidental exposure to air, and hence, their safety. These polymer gels are tough and thermoplastic, which enable their processing and molding into different shapes, and their recyclability and reprocessability. Their thermoplasticity also allows the preparation of concentrated batches (masterbatch) for a posteriori dilution or additive addition. They are elastomeric (rubbery) and very sticky, which make them very robust, easy to manipulate and self-healing.

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Platen, Katharina, Frederieke Langer, Roland Bayer, Robert Hollmann, Julian Schwenzel, and Matthias Busse. "Influence of Molecular Weight and Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide on the Thermal Processability of Poly(ethylene oxide) for Solid-State Electrolytes." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2023): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163375.

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Анотація:

New energy systems such as all-solid-state battery (ASSB) technology are becoming increasingly important today. Recently, researchers have been investigating the transition from the lab-scale production of ASSB components to a larger scale. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a promising candidate for the large-scale production of polymer-based solid electrolytes (SPEs) because it offers many processing options. Hence, in this work, the thermal processing route for a PEO-Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) SPE in the ratio of 20:1 (EO:Li) is investigated using kneading experiments. Here, we clearly show the sensitivity of PEO during thermal processing, especially for high-molecular-weight PEO (Mw = 600,000 g mol−1). LiTFSI acts as a plasticizer for low-molecular-weight PEO (Mw = 100,000 g mol−1), while it amplifies the degradation of high-molecular-weight PEO. Further, LiTFSI affects the thermal properties of PEO and its crystallinity. This leads to a higher chain mobility in the polymer matrix, which improves the flowability. In addition, the spherulite size of the produced PEO electrolytes differs from the molecular weight. This work demonstrates that low-molecular-weight PEO is more suitable for thermal processing as a solid electrolyte due to the process stability. High-molecular-weight PEO, especially, is strongly influenced by the process settings and LiTFSI.

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Lim, Ye, Hyun-Ah Jung, and Haejin Hwang. "Fabrication of PEO-PMMA-LiClO4-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes Containing Silica Aerogel Particles for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102559.

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To improve the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-ethylene carbonate (EC)-LiClO4-based solid polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and silica aerogel were incorporated into the PEO matrix. The effects of the PEO:PMMA molar ratio and the amount of silica aerogel on the structure of the PEO-PMMA-LiClO4 solid polymer electrolyte were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and alternating current (AC) impedance measurements. The solid polymer electrolyte with PEO:PMMA = 8:1 and 8 wt% silica aerogel exhibited the highest lithium-ion conductivity (1.35 × 10−4 S∙cm−1 at 30 °C) and good mechanical stability. The enhanced amorphous character and high degree of dissociation of the LiClO4 salt were responsible for the high lithium-ion conductivity observed. Silica aerogels with a high specific surface area and mesoporosity could thus play an important role in the development of solid polymer electrolytes with improved structure and stability.

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Reddy, V. Madhusudhana, N. Kundana, and T. Sreekanth. "Investigation of XRD and Transport Properties of (PEO+KNO3+Nano Al2O3) Composite Polymer Electrolyte." Material Science Research India 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/150103.

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(PEO+KNO3+Nano Al2O3) based Composite Polymer Electrolytes (CPE) has been prepared by using solution casting technique. In this technique, Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and KNO3salt were dissolved separately in methanol and they were mixed together. Nano alumina (Al2O3) (particle size ~10nm) was doped to mixed solution and stirred for 24hrs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been obtained to determine complexation of salt and polymer in composite polymer electrolytes. Ionic and electronic transference numbers of these composite polymer electrolytes has been calculated by using Wagner’s polarization technique. The DC Conductivity of these composite polymer electrolytes has been evaluated in the temperature range of 303-373 K.

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Vo, Thanh Duy, Trung Minh Phung, Hoang Quoc Duy Hoang Truong, Linh Thi My Nguyen, Oanh Hoang Nguyen, and Phung My Loan Le. "Physical-chemical and electrochemical properties of sodium ion conducting polymer electrolyte using copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride- hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/ polyethylene oxide (PEO)." Science and Technology Development Journal 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v22i1.1230.

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Introduction: Polymers acting as both an electrolyte and a separator are of tremendous interest because of their many virtues, such as no leakage, flexible geometry, excellent safe performance, and good compatibility with electrodes, compared with their liquid counterparts. In this study, polymer electrolyte membranes comprising of poly(vinylidene fluorine-co-hexafluoropropylene) [PVDF-HFP] were plasticized with different mass ratios of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in 1 M NaClO4/PC solutions, and were prepared and characterized in sodium-ion battery. Methods: Polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared by solution-casting techniques. The membranes' performance was evaluated in terms of morphology, conductivity, electrochemical stability, thermal properties and miscibility structure. The following various characterization methods were used: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), impedance spectroscopy (for determination of electrolyte resistance), cyclic voltammetry, thermal degradation analysis, and infra-red spectroscopy (for determination of structure of co-polymer). Results: It was indicated that the PVDF-HFP/PEO membrane with 40 % wt. PVDF-HFP absorbed electrolytes up to 300 % of its weight and had a roomtemperature conductivity of 2.75 x 10-3 Scm-1, which was better than that of pure PVDF-HFP. All polymer electrolyte films were electrochemically stable in the potential voltage range of 2-4.2 V, which could be compatible with 3-4 V sodium material electrodes in rechargeable sodium cells. Conclusion: The PVDF-HFP/PEO polymer electrolyte film is a potential candidate for sodium-ion battery in the potential range of 2-4.2 V.

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Abraham, K. M., Z. Jiang, and B. Carroll. "Highly Conductive PEO-like Polymer Electrolytes." Chemistry of Materials 9, no. 9 (September 1997): 1978–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm970075a.

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Lu, Xiaochuan. "Highly Conductive PEO-Based Polymer Composite Electrolyte for Na Battery Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024510mtgabs.

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Анотація:

State-of-the-art Li- or Na-ion batteries typically use organic solvents in the electrolytes, which might cause serious safety issues. Replacing the liquid electrolytes with nonflammable, dense solid-state electrolytes can potentially solve this problem. Among all types of solid electrolytes, PEO-based polymer electrolytes (PBPEs) have attracted great attentions due to their excellent flexibility, chemical stability, and easiness for processing. In this talk, we will present our recent progress in development of flexible, Na-ion conducting PBPEs. In particular, we tried to incorporate various amounts of ionic liquid (i.e., PY14FSI) into PEO + NaFSI electrolytes that can increase the amount of amorphous phase in the polymer and thus achieve higher ionic conduction. It was found that the highest conductivity was achieved with the composition of P(EO)20NaFSI + 2.4PY14FSI (2 x 10-3 and 3 x 10-4 S cm-1 at 60oC and RT with a Na+ transference number of ~0.1). We further verified the performance of the electrolyte with a composition of P(EO)20NaFSI + 1.6PY14FSI in symmetric and full cells. The critical current density of the electrolyte in Na symmetric cells was as high as 0.5 mA/cm2 at 60oC and the cells also showed an excellent stability during ~700 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm2. A full cell with Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode showed an initial capacity of 100 mAh/g-1 and a Coulombic Efficiency of ~94%. All of these demonstrated a PBPE with excellent chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical performance and properties for Na battery application. Figure 1

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Singh, Divya, B. Bhattacharya, and Hardev Singh Virk. "Conductivity Modulation in Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites due to Ion-Beam Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 110–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.110.

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Polymers are a class of materials widely used in different fields of applications. With imminent applications of polymers, the study of radiation induced changes in polymers has become an obvious scientific demand. The bombardment by ion beam radiations has become one of the most promising techniques in present day polymer research. When the polymers are irradiated, a variety of physical and chemical changes takes place due to energy deposition of the radiation in the polymer matrix. Scissoring, cross-linking, recombination, radical decomposition, etc. are some of the interesting changes that are obvious in polymers. The modification in polymer properties by irradiation depends mainly on the nature of radiation and the type of polymer used.Polymer electrolytes are obtained by modifying polymers by doping, complexing, or other chemical processes. In general, they suffer from low conductivity due to high crystallinity of the matrix. The effect of radiation on polymer electrolyte is expected to alter their crystalline nature vis-a-vis electrical properties. This review article shall elaborate modifications in the physical and chemical properties of polymer electrolytes and their composites. The variations in properties have been explored on PEO based polymer electrolyte and correlated with the parameters responsible for such changes. Also a comparison with different types of the polymers irradiated with a wide range of ion beams has been established.

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Jin, Lei, Giseok Jang, Hyunmin Lim, Wei Zhang, Sungjun Park, Minhyuk Jeon, Hohyoun Jang, and Whangi Kim. "Improving the Ionic Conductivity of PEGDMA-Based Polymer Electrolytes by Reducing the Interfacial Resistance for LIBs." Polymers 14, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173443.

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Анотація:

Polymer electrolytes (PEs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have gained increasing interest in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and are expected to solve the safety issue of commercial liquid electrolytes due to their excellent thermal and mechanical stability, suppression of lithium dendrites and shortened battery assembly process. However, challenges, such as high interfacial resistance between electrolyte and electrodes and poor ionic conductivity (σ) at room temperature (RT), still limit the use of PEO-based PEs. In this work, an in situ PEO-based polymer electrolyte consisting of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) 1000, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and DMF is cured on a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode to address the above-mentioned issues. As a result, optimized PE shows a promising σ and lithium-ion transference number (tLi+) of 6.13 × 10−4 S cm−1 and 0.63 at RT and excellent thermal stability up to 136 °C. Moreover, the LiFePO4//Li cell assembled by in situ PE exhibits superior discharge capacity (141 mAh g−1) at 0.1 C, favorable Coulombic efficiency (97.6%) after 100 cycles and promising rate performance. This work contributes to modifying PEO-based PE to force the interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the electrode and to improve LIBs’ performance.

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Jurkane, Aleksandra, and Sergejs Gaidukov. "On PEO-Based MWCNT and Graphene Composite Electrolyte Structure." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.209.

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Novel and highly effective polyethylene oxide (PEO) based composite electrolytes were prepared by combining the graphene nanoplatelets (GR) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for the application as solid polymer electrolyte. MWCNT and GR were used as reinforcing filler and as electrical conductivity enhancement agent. Dispersions in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) of MWCNT and GR within the PEO matrix were prepared. DMF are featured by high electron-pair donor number and low hydrogen-bonding parameters, therefore DMF is considered a standard for liquid-phase exfoliation of MWCNT and GR. In our study, the MWCNT and GR solutions were tip sonicated using an ultrasonic processor, operated at 80% amplitude. A pulse-mode (cycle of 0.5 s) sonication was used because of the system relaxation role for the off phase, allowing a higher cavitation intensity and lower heat generation to be reached. Subsequent heat pressing was applied to obtain thin solid PEO composite electrolytes. Analyses of the experimental and theoretical density of prepared solid PEO composite electrolytes are calculated and discussed. GR and MWCNT functionalization effect on void content of polymer composites is evaluated. FTIR analysis was carried out to further investigate the effect of fillers content. The SEM results showed that surface of electrolyte film became rougher after the addition of MWCNT and GR. It is concluded, that the higher is filler fraction, the lower is void content and greater is composite density.

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Zhan, Hui, Mengjun Wu, Rui Wang, Shuohao Wu, Hao Li, Tian Tian, and Haolin Tang. "Excellent Performances of Composite Polymer Electrolytes with Porous Vinyl-Functionalized SiO2 Nanoparticles for Lithium Metal Batteries." Polymers 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152468.

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Анотація:

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) incorporate the advantages of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), which have shown huge potential in the application of safe lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Effectively avoiding the agglomeration of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix during the organic–inorganic mixing process is very important for the properties of the composite electrolyte. Herein, a partial cross-linked PEO-based CPE was prepared by porous vinyl-functionalized silicon (p-V-SiO2) nanoparticles as fillers and poly (ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) as cross-linkers. By combining the mechanical rigidity of ceramic fillers and the flexibility of PEO, the as-made electrolyte membranes had excellent mechanical properties. The big special surface area and pore volume of nanoparticles inhibited PEO recrystallization and promoted the dissolution of lithium salt. Chemical bonding improved the interfacial compatibility between organic and inorganic materials and facilitated the homogenization of lithium-ion flow. As a result, the symmetric Li|CPE|Li cells could operate stably over 450 h without a short circuit. All solid Li|LiFePO4 batteries were constructed with this composite electrolyte and showed excellent rate and cycling performances. The first discharge-specific capacity of the assembled battery was 155.1 mA h g−1, and the capacity retention was 91% after operating for 300 cycles at 0.5 C. These results demonstrated that the chemical grafting of porous inorganic materials and cross-linking polymerization can greatly improve the properties of CPEs.

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Cheng, Jun, Hongqiang Zhang, Deping Li, Yuanyuan Li, Zhen Zeng, Fengjun Ji, Youri Wei, et al. "Agglomeration-Free and Air-Inert Garnet for Upgrading PEO/Garnet Composite Solid State Electrolyte." Batteries 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100141.

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Анотація:

Due to the intrinsically high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability towards lithium, garnet-type solid electrolytes are usually introduced into polymer electrolytes as fillers to prepare polymer/garnet composite electrolytes, which can improve the ionic conductivity and enhance the mechanical strength to suppress Li dendrites. However, the surface Li2CO3 and/or LiOH passive layers which form when garnet is exposed to the air greatly reduce the enhancement effect of garnet on the composite electrolyte. Furthermore, compared with micro-size particles, nano-size garnet fillers exhibit a better effect on enhancing the performance of composite solid electrolytes. Nevertheless, inferior organic/inorganic interphase compatibility and high specific surface energy of nanofillers inevitably cause agglomeration, which severely hinders the effect of nanoparticles for promoting composite solid electrolytes. Herein, a cost-effective amphipathic 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent is introduced to modify garnet fillers, which effectively expands the air stability of garnet and greatly improves the dispersion of garnet fillers in the polymer matrix. The well-dispersed garnet filler/polymer interface is intimate through the bridging effect of the silane coupling agent, resulting in boosted ionic conductivity (0.72 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature) of the composite electrolyte, enhanced stability against lithium dendrites (critical current density > 0.5 mA/cm2), and prolonged cycling life of LFP/Li full cells.

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Rollo-Walker, Gregory, Nino Malic, Xiaoen Wang, John Chiefari, and Maria Forsyth. "Development and Progression of Polymer Electrolytes for Batteries: Influence of Structure and Chemistry." Polymers 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234127.

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Анотація:

Polymer electrolytes continue to offer the opportunity for safer, high-performing next-generation battery technology. The benefits of a polymeric electrolyte system lie in its ease of processing and flexibility, while ion transport and mechanical strength have been highlighted for improvement. This report discusses how factors, specifically the chemistry and structure of the polymers, have driven the progression of these materials from the early days of PEO. The introduction of ionic polymers has led to advances in ionic conductivity while the use of block copolymers has also increased the mechanical properties and provided more flexibility in solid polymer electrolyte development. The combination of these two, ionic block copolymer materials, are still in their early stages but offer exciting possibilities for the future of this field.

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Choi, Young Jin, Sung Hyun Kim, Sang Choul Park, Dong Hyun Shin, Dong Hun Kim, and Ki Won Kim. "A Study on the Electrochemical Properties of PEO-Carbon Composite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium/Sulfur Battery." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.945.

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In this study, we investigated ionic conductivities of the electrolytes and cycle performances of Li/S cells using the electrolyte. (PEO)10LiCF3SO3 composite polymer electrolyte(CPE) containing carbon powders and Brij dispersant was prepared by ball milling for 12hr. The 5wt% carbon powders having high surface area (~ 80 m2/g) was added into the (PEO)10LiCF3SO3 electrolyte. To get a well-dispersed structure, Brij dispersant was also added into the (PEO)10LiCF3SO3-5wt%Carbon electrolyte. Li/CPEs/50wt%S cells showed initial discharge capacities of between 1,250 and 1,413 mAh/g-sulfur with current density of 100 mA/g-sulfur at 80 °C. These results led us to conclude that the dispersants added into the CPE improved the initial discharge capacities and cycle performances.

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44

Olmedo-Martínez, Jorge, Leire Meabe, Andere Basterretxea, David Mecerreyes, and Alejandro Müller. "Effect of Chemical Structure and Salt Concentration on the Crystallization and Ionic Conductivity of Aliphatic Polyethers." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030452.

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Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is the most widely used polymer in the field of solid polymer electrolytes for batteries. It is well known that the crystallinity of polymer electrolytes strongly affects the ionic conductivity and its electrochemical performance. Nowadays, alternatives to PEO are actively researched in the battery community, showing higher ionic conductivity, electrochemical window, or working temperature range. In this work, we investigated polymer electrolytes based on aliphatic polyethers with a number of methylene units ranging from 2 to 12. Thus, the effect of the lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone) imide (LiTFSI) concentration on the crystallization behavior of the new aliphatic polyethers and their ionic conductivity was investigated. In all the cases, the degree of crystallinity and the overall crystallization rate of the polymers decreased drastically with 30 wt % LiTFSI addition. The salt acted as a low molecular diluent to the polyethers according to the expectation of the Flory–Huggins theory for polymer–diluent mixtures. By fitting our results to this theory, the value of the interaction energy density (B) between the polyether and the LiTFSI was calculated, and we show that the value of B must be small to obtain high ionic conductivity electrolytes.

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45

Liao, Yubin, Xijun Xu, Xiongwei Luo, Shaomin Ji, Jingwei Zhao, Jun Liu, and Yanping Huo. "Recent Progress in Flame-Retardant Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090439.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in our daily life due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and lack of memory effect. However, the current commercialized LIBs still face the threat of flammable electrolytes and lithium dendrites. Solid-state electrolytes emerge as an answer to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites and avoid the problem of electrolyte leakage. Among them, polymer electrolytes with excellent flexibility, light weight, easy processing, and good interfacial compatibility with electrodes are the most promising for practical applications. Nevertheless, most of the polymer electrolytes are flammable. It is urgent to develop flame-retardant solid polymer electrolytes. This review introduces the latest advances in emerging flame-retardant solid polymer electrolytes, including Polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and so on. The electrochemical properties, flame retardancy, and flame-retardant mechanisms of these polymer electrolytes with different flame retardants are systematically discussed. Finally, the future development of flame-retardant solid polymer electrolytes is pointed out. It is anticipated that this review will guide the development of flame-retardant polymer electrolytes for solid-state LIBs.

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46

ZHANG, D. W., X. D. LI, S. M. HUANG, Z. A. WANG, J. H. SHI, Z. SUN, and X. J. YIN. "QUASI-SOLID-STATE DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS WITH A HIGH MOLECULAR GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED ON PEO/P(VDF-HFP)." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 04 (August 2010): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10006764.

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Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using a high molecular polymer redox electrolyte. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) were used to form a stable quasi-solid structure and a three-dimensional gel polymer network structure. The polymer electrolytes were composed of LiI , I2 , and DMPII in the mixture of propylene carbonate (PC) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) with different volume ratios. A metal-free organic dye (indoline dye D102) was used as a sensitizer. The ionic conductivity of the gel polymer electrolytes was measured with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The dependence of the ionic conductivity on the volume ratio of PC to GBL was investigated. The volume ratio of the mix solvent, weight ratio of PEO/P(VDF-HFP), and the weight ratio of TiO2 fillers were optimized. The optimized quasi-solid-state cell exhibited an efficiency of 5.49% at full sunlight (air mass 1.5, 60 mW/cm2) irradiation.

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47

Fang, Chan-En, Yi-Chen Tsai, Christoph Scheurer, and Chi-Cheng Chiu. "Revised Atomic Charges for OPLS Force Field Model of Poly(Ethylene Oxide): Benchmarks and Applications in Polymer Electrolyte." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071131.

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Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymers are common hosts in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for high-power energy devices. Molecular simulations have provided valuable molecular insights into structures and ion transport mechanisms of PEO-based SPEs. The calculation of thermodynamic and kinetic properties rely crucially on the dependability of the molecular force fields describing inter- and intra-molecular interactions with the target system. In this work, we reparametrized atomic partial charges for the widely applied optimized potentials for liquid simulations (OPLS) force field of PEO. The revised OPLS force field, OPLSR, improves the calculations of density, thermal expansion coefficient, and the phase transition of the PEO system. In particular, OPLSR greatly enhances the accuracy of the calculated dielectric constant of PEO, which is critical for simulating polymer electrolytes. The reparameterization method was further applied to SPE system of PEO/LiTFSI with O:Li ratio of 16:1. Based on the reparametrized partial charges, we applied separate charge-scaling factors for PEO and Li salts. The charge-rescaled OPLSR model significantly improves the resulting kinetics of Li+ transport while maintaining the accurate description of coordination structures within PEO-based SPE. The proposed OPLSR force field can benefit the future simulation studies of SPE systems.

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48

Jawad, Mohammed Kadhim. "Investigate Salts type and concentration on the conductivity of Polymer Electrolyte." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 17, no. 42 (August 31, 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v17i42.437.

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Polymer electrolytes systems compose of (PEO+KI+I2) and (PEO+RbI+I2) with different concentration, and a fixed amount of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) over temperatures range 293-343 K prepared by solution cast method. The conductivity and dielectric constant of the gel electrolytes were studied. The conductivity of the electrolytes Ss & Hs increases steadily with increased concentration of salt KI and RbI. The higher value of conductivity of (4.7 10-3 @ RT S.cm-1) for S5 electrolyte which contains (KI 50%). Whereas the maximum amount of conductivity of (5.4 10³ @RT S.cm⁻ˡ) for H5 electrolyte which contains (RbI 50%) the ionic conductivity depends on the ionic radii of the migrating species (cation K⁺, Rb⁺) effect on it. As the temperature increase, the number of free ions also increases, thus increases the diffusion of ions through their free volume of the polymer. The dielectric constant decrease at higher frequencies due to the inability of dipoles to align quickly with the change of applied field. The dielectric constant proportional positively with variation temperature causes an increase in the dielectric constant. The higher the value of (εr), the better is the electrical conductivity.

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49

Huang, Hong, Jeremy Lee, and Michael Rottmayer. "Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Characteristics of the Lithiated PEO/LAGP Composite Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012311mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries utilizing solid-state electrolytes have potential to alleviate safety issues, prolong discharge/charge cycle life, reduce packaging volume, and enable flexible design. Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes are more attractive and recognized because the combination can remedy and/or transcend individual constituent’ properties. We have fabricated a series of free-standing composite electrolyte membranes consisting of Li1.4Al0.4Ge1.6(PO4)3 (LAGP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and two different lithium-salts, i.e. LiBF4 and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). It is determined that the type of lithium salt can prevail the ceramic LAGP loadings on altering the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the composite electrolytes. In this paper, we will present the results and discuss the differences in the aspects of melting transition, mechanical reinforcement, and ionic conduction resulting from the two different lithium salts together with the content of LAGP ceramic fillers in the lithiated PEO/LAGP composite electrolytes. The changes in these three aspects can be ascribed to the different interactions between the polymer matrix and lithium salt in the composite setting.

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50

Yang, Rui, Shi Chao Zhang, Lan Zhang, and Xiao Fang Bi. "Effects of LiClO₄on the Characteristics and Ionic Conductivity of the Solid Polymer Electrolytes Composed of PEO, LiClO₄ and PLiAA." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.53.

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Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) which were composed of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (lithium acrylate) (PLiAA), and LiClO4were prepared in order to investigate the influence of LiClO4content on the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. All of the membranes were investigated by XRD, DSC, and EIS, et.al. The dependence of SPEs conductivity on temperature was measured, and the maximum ionic conductivity is 5.88×10-6S/cm at 293 K for membrane which is composed of PEO+PLiAA+15wt% LiClO4. The electrochemical stability window of the PEO+PLiAA+15wt% LiClO4is 4.75 V verse Li.

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