Дисертації з теми "Pensée native"
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Chevallier, Jennifer Geneviève. "L’empreinte du chamane : le souffle de la pensée chamanique dans l’art contemporain des Premières Nations au Canada. Essai de sociologie de l’art entre 1990 et 2010." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030025.
Повний текст джерелаShamanism in contemporary native art in Canada is becoming one of the most relevant ethnic markers. It is the sacred place, the major source for cultural resistance, with strong roots and political implications underneath. It works as a powerful identity referent. As we analyse the aesthetic phenomenon from a modern perspective,different issues are emerging : how shamanism is acknowledged, both as a concept and as a practice by the First Nations artists ? Which social functions and philosophical involvements are assumed by the contemporary “shamanic art”, considering its symbolic part as the keeper of identity and spirituality, or/and performed or seen as a healing process ?In the postmodern artistic context, shamanism may be considered as an essential source of power and inspiration, a sacred land that most of the native artists are now exploring, defining therefore a new ontology. From the deep roots of the traditional knowledge, their legacy, and through their own contemporary experiment, these artists are trying to bring back the original wisdom in order to reconnect themselves with the native cosmogony and consequently, to reduce the psychic schism between traditionalism’s nostalgy and contemporary indianness (nativeness). Therefore the status of “betweenness”, that is specifically attributed to the native artists, is shifted into a power of creative transformation. This thesis analyses the process of shamanistic inspiration in contemporary native art, through the philosophical and political issues as well as with an anthropological and aesthetics point of view. The historical and sociological contexts are explored before defining th! e two main missions of the “Shamen of Art” : the rewrighting of the History and the Conquest of Identity, drawing through the recognition of their alterity, the architecture of a new “Amerindia”
Garcia, Renaud. "Nature humaine et anarchie : la pensée de Pierre Kropotkine." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776417.
Повний текст джерелаFayolle, Azélie. "Ernest Renan : savoirs de la nature et pensée historique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2055.
Повний текст джерелаIn the tradition of epistemocriticism studies, this thesis aims to assess the relationship between history and natural sciences in Ernest Renan’s complete works. Although natural sciences are not the historian’s main concern, they represent a constant methodological frame of reference throughout his works. This research summarizes Renan’s philosophy of a “science idéale” (“ideal science”) and its application to “science positive” (“positive science”), which he developed in his essay The Future of Science (1848, 1890), as well as in many articles. By proposing a classification of sciences, Renan is one of the founders of the “sciences of humanity.” He also encourages interdisciplinarity between different areas of knowledge. The second part of this thesis covers Renan’s historical and philological methods in the context of natural sciences achievements during that time. Thus, comparative embryology and philology, inspired by Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire’s comparative anatomy, provide a set of methodological tools. The explanation of the historian’s methods is complemented by an analysis of his metaphors: such words as embryo, germs or propagation are used to build a history of religions, echoing the evolution of sciences in the 19th century, such as the discovery of the virus. The third part investigates the underlying idea of nature in Renan’s texts in order to question the fabric of history and the status of the documents according to the historian. Renan is the first in France to realize a secularized and scientific study of sacred texts, such as the Bible. This sulfurous project leads him to broaden the document definition: according to the philologist, if the sacred text becomes a source of knowledge, so do nature and the landscapes themselves. The production of the historian’s document is not forgotten: the status of the text, made of conjectures and hypotheses, leads Renan to develop a historian and scientific epistemology, which questions the definition of fiction, placed in his Philosophical Dialogues (1876) somewhere between certainties, probabilities and musings. The example of Renan’s works presents not only a practical case for epistemocriticism studies, but also a way to improve theories of metaphor and fiction in scientific texts. The lapse of Renan’s models and pictures creates an effect of estrangement, and makes the metaphoricity of his texts more appreciable
Techer, Julien. ""Faites par la pensée ce que nature fait quelquefois" : les usages de l'expérience de pensée au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3060.
Повний текст джерелаThis work questions the value of the phrase “thought experiment” related to the texts of philosophy and natural history of the eighteenth century. The importance of this phrase, both in critical literature and in its spontaneous oral use, should not overshadow its literal quasi-absence in the eighteenth century, which prefers other names: Rousseau’s “investigation”, the “problem” of Molyneux or the “philosophical experiments” of Merian. It is thus the need to find the missing link between this quasi-literal absence and this common desire to characterize conceptually certain eighteenth-century processes in “thought experiments” that motivates our research. Through an extensive but representative corpus (Lamy, Locke, Fontenelle, Condillac, Buffon, Rousseau, Diderot, Mérian, Fortis) we analyze the processes that legitimize or not the use of thought experiment, by specifying the texts by a new typology, based on the relationship to the concepts of nature and possibility. Based on a general study of the concept of thought experience, we analyze its use at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, through the renewal of the arts of thinking and speaking well, and then through its importance in scientific and philosophical discussions. We proceed to the typological application of what it seems necessary to name species of the thought experiment (imaginary, hypothetical or conjectural, projective and extravagant) in order to highlight the known springs of the process, namely its scenario, its cognitive vocation and its use of the imagination, while proposing other conceptual data of the work of writing and reading the thought experiment: the place conferred on fiction, the use of characters and the function of a reader able to experiment in thought in a rigorous and playful way
Rieucau, Jean Nicolas. "Nature et diffusion du savoir dans la pensée économique de Condorcet." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010092.
Повний текст джерелаIn the same way than Voltaire as far as justice and litterature are concerned, and than Turgot in matter of economics and politics, d'Alembert has been traditionally considered as the mentor of condorcet in sciences and mathematics. For all that, is the influence of the joint publisher of the encyclopedie upon Condorcet's ideas in economics to be judged as a marginal one ? Precisely not : departing from a mixed conception of mathematics which he shares with d'alembert, and from a questioning upon probabilistic doubts of the latter, Condorcet has been induced to develop a choice theory under uncertainty which overtakes the classical field of chance games or of insurances, to extend to the domain of economical enterprise as such, whatsoever consisting in culture, commerce or industry. In doing this, he submits the factor of risk to an unprecedented probabilistic formalisation as he envisages the profit collected by the undertaker. Moreover, the rehabilitation by condorcet of the praxeology's significance of probability theory, which had been ruined by d'alembert, enlightens the peculiarity of some of his reflections in matter of public education, those being closely linked to his thought in economics. According to condorcet, only the teaching of doctrine of chances can actually enable individuals to give a rational turn to their economic behaviour
Frémond, Emilie. "Le surréalisme au grand air. Inventaire et aventures d’une pensée de la nature." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040049.
Повний текст джерелаNot only could Giorgio de Chirico’s deserted squares and faceless dummies have fossilized surrealism into a metaphysics of dreams—as dalinian deserts did— but a part of the history and reception of Surrealism as well, so much so that nature has turned into a blind spot. This study aims to tear Surrealism away from the fictions it first created so as to rethink them into a comprehensive overview that could reveal the contradictions of a movement which might not have given up the nervalian supernaturalism whose spirit it meant to extend. The main issue of this work is to examine the adventure of a rejected notion through to its restoration to favour, by surveying the values and the representations that its changes lead to, in order to show to what extent the conception of the unconscious could paradoxically make the exploration of the outer unknown as essential as that of the inner unknown. After a lexical inquiry, we try to observe the different modes of relationship the subject entertains with nature, before linking them to the constraints of surrealist poetics. Studying the schemas of the metadiscourse makes it easier to perceive the spatialization of interiority and the way the topics of exploration can match in a combination of representations, which derives from natural sciences and gives rise to a material anthropology linked with comparative morphology. The review of surrealist landscapes allows to experience nature from a phenomenological standpoint and to ponder the way such a latent idea in surrealist aesthetic could become manifest in its ethical and epistemological thought
Goffinet, Bruno. "Entre Kuma et Kune. Lectures socio-littéraires des rires romanesques dans la Collection « Monde noir poche », Hatier 1980-1988." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL169.
Повний текст джерелаSo as to unterstand the authentic structuration of the africain fictional story, strata can be gently removed from the patent Serious and the realistic Derision out of several universes on their permanent revolving orbit. It is the mission assumed by this thesis, by the first meaning of the word « symbolic », insofar as it first confronted with the great theories of laughter in literature as a social action coming from an esoteric native quest. Promoting demystification both of the writing and readind object and of the subject at the end of a thirty-year ood period of post-colonialism, an immemorial framework of initiated status can be discovered, made of deposed princes, blind novices or unloved witches. They suggest, along with many others, a temptation : to distinguish, under the page printed by cooperation, the casting of an inhuman tragicomedy overflew by the unique black Writer, guided throught his hells by a natural philosopher. In this research of the ironical ancestral survival, thanks to the risible human contingency, this arrangement of the african signs reveals in its turn the refoundation of a discourse as old as the historical Cynism. This has been misguided by its inert-pragmatic avatars, quickly transformed into permanent machiavellianisms. Under the illumining of this novelistic lantern, in the societal daylight of the dark franco-african subcontinent, the spontaneous or cultured laughters, and the more subtly expressed roarings, find a way for their supposed common approach : to literarily promote individuals and collectivities, in a black world freed from unspeakable barbarity, lacking in the least scruple of humour other than a sadictic one
Herrmann-Aktas, Melis. "De la Nature à l'homme : la charnière éthique de la pensée schopenhauerienne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAC025.
Повний текст джерелаThis work tries to rediscover the Schopenhauerian thought through the two perspectives that it presents: one focusing on Nature, the other on ethics. From the forces hidden behind natural phenomena to the hidden intention behind human actions, we find the major challenge of this thought as the problematization of reality by a reflection on the Kantian thing in itself. Thus, we must first reconsider issues such as strength, ideas, life, purpose, instinct and animal, to make possible the passage to an ethical interrogation framed by the questions of freedom and evil
Peterschmitt, Luc. "Sciences de la nature et philosophie dans la pensée de George Berkeley." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.univ-lille3.fr/theses/PETERSCHIMITT_LUC/html/these.html.
Повний текст джерелаMathis, Charles-François. "L'émergence d'une pensée environnementale en Angleterre au XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040114.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing the industrialisation and urbanisation of England which started in the mid-18th century, and following the new vision of nature as a landscape, a "sentimental" conception of environment emerged in the 1830s-1840s. It was marginalised until 1870, but this period was nonetheless one of gestation of the environmental movement. From the 1870s onwards, the sentimental conception became pre-eminent in the country, due to the success of the environmental movement and the creation of new environmental organisations, such as the National Trust. But this success led the movement to question its own contradictions, and to be divided into two groups : the utopians, who refused the industrial and urban civilisation, and the reformists, who only wanted to check its impact on environment
Brossard, Sylvie. "Rites et lieux de l'enfance, reconstruire l'idée de nature : éléments pour une pensée sauvage de l'architecture et des paysages." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20023.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis stems from the genesis at child age of the idea of Nature, a process that induces policies for land settlement, for space planning, or for the protection of nature. The first part accounts for the cultural dimension of the idea of nature, building upon a history of how nature has been taught about at school, the work of nature anthropologists, and a history of how landscape has been taken into consideration by town planning public research policies in France in the past 50 years. The conclusion of this part identifies the social demand for nature. The second part traces the genesis of the idea of nature in the child, who is totemist at his birth, then naturalist as soon as he feels himself loved, then animist when he thinks the world as finalized for the satisfaction of his needs. This part underlines the importance of education and living environment in the process of transformation of child’s naturalism into a less finalized representation of the idea of nature, and suggests it is of interest to accompany the affective foundation of the child’s representation of the world by a concrete and sensory practical experience. In the third and conclusive part, we invite the designers to walk down the path of living a wild idea of architecture and landscape planning and share it with their beneficiaries, in order to contribute to the necessary rebuilding of an idea of nature being territory-aware, concrete, and affect-responsible. This perspective is rendered by the proposal of setting up a National Landscape Plan aiming at building the landscape culture on new foundations, in particular for aesthetics
Paoli, Michel. "Sens et fonctions de l'idée de nature dans la pensée de L. B. Alberti." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040257.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of our study is to shows that L. B. Alberti's - humanist-architect - thought is constructed around an original and complex perception of nature. Alberti uses the nature in the fields of knowledge, morals and politics (De familia), or aesthetics (De re oedificatoria). . . , but not as a univocal idea - model of perfection and out-of-date concept whose attributes could be summarized in a few words. Nature is almost simultaneously reality - which should be accepted - , a programme to be realized, and an ideal to be respected. Therefore, the links between nature and man are just as complex, since nature is all together what is at the origin of human's reason, what the reason should accept and finally what it should naturally contribute to complete. On the whole, nature is not contemplated in a spontaneous nor in an ingenuous way. It is not only order and harmony. The albertian nature is at first a human notion, constituted to be useful to man. And, from this point of view, the first thing to do is to think the nature, to think of it as a complex thing that could lead man on both paths of acceptation and action. In Alberti's thought, the notion of nature is used to philosophically unify the points of view, while respecting the interactions between reality, fortune, reason and human's nature
Zabiega, Tadeusz. "La pensée musicale d'Anton von Webern et la philosophie de la nature de Goethe." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040179.
Повний текст джерелаRizzo, Alfio Nazareno. "Philosophie de l'expression et métaphysique de l'instant : pour une pensée de l'événement après Giorgio Colli." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3064.
Повний текст джерелаThe name of Giorgio Colli is closely linked that of Friedrich Nietzsche. He produced the first complete edition of Nietzsche’s works and letters together with Mazzino Montinari. But Colli also specialized in Ancient Greece. He was inspired by Dionysus, by the ancient Greek philosophers and by Plato. He also developed his personal philosophical thought by breaking with the modern and contemporary philosophical tradition. The relationship of Colli to the history of philosophy must be considered from Plato and Nietzsche, according to a double perspective: the search for truth combined with the tragic fate of those who seek wisdom. The mystical orientation of Colli’s thought goes as far as to criticize the systemic philosophy, considered as a lie. The culmination of this criticism is thePhilosophy of expression (Filosofia dell’espressione). In his main work, Colli addresses the problem of reason from an essential intuition: logos is not only reason, but it is also expression. The translation of logos by the word expression (in Italian : espressione) may sound unjustified, but it suggests the strong will to seek the ultimate foundation of knowledge from a philological point of view. Therefore philology is the loving search for expression and has an affinity with aesthetics, because we can trace to the original logos by understanding what is appearing. On this basis, Colli builds his theory of categories and questions Aristotle’s and Kant’s categories. Then, we take our inspiration from Colli’stheory to build our thought about the concept of event, treated as the condition for knowledge. We have chosen to approach this issue in a theoretical perspective to expand the discussion beyond phenomenological and historical matters. In an ongoing dialogue with Colli, we follow the paths of abstraction to the instantaneous expression of the event. Through the theory of categories built by our philosopher, we examine the modal categories of necessity and contingency. Our thought about the ontological status of the event leads to a theory of the instant seen as an event which was inspired by a Heraclitus’s fragment and by Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence
Montazeri, Leila. "Le cadre et la substance de la pensée bergmanienne ; l'influence de l'enseignement écclesiastique sur l'encadrement." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA192.
Повний текст джерелаThe aesthetic analysis of Ingmar Bergman’s movies requires a study of the theological and iconographic signifiers. The paradoxical effects of framing and the mobility of the filmic image tell a story of the soul and make it possible to map out an intuitive route for the individuals implied in the story. The unfolding of different points of view involve the soul and give some spiritual scope to this idiosyncratic cinema. In Bergman’s style, spirituality cannot be found within a fiction, but within a form. Style comes out from thought and from the exposure of a wandering search for “the self”. This process is enriched through the shift from dramatic narration to anti dramatic pictures and from linear plot to non figurative forms. In accordance with our active existence, Bergman prefers the figures that are shut in by the edge of the frame, the dissolved images, the empty compositions and disconnected looks: man didn’t come to the world intentionally, but was thrown into it and later forsaken on earth. The framing is a space where the characters can meet with sacred things and have a spiritual experience. A contradiction between earthly matters and heavenly ones remains the main subject within the frame.The study of the relationship between the image and the film script introduces Bergman’s cosmology: it is not the script which builds up the image but the image itself which generates an idea to be developed further.The faces are transformed in portraits, in their search for human truth and, on a wider scale, for man's commitment in Creation. In this sense, nature neither embodies material reality nor serves as a mere filmic object, but it stands out as a form of the sacred
Derainne, Lucien. "« Qu’il naisse l’observateur » : pensée et figures de l'observation, 1750-1850." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES013.
Повний текст джерелаScientific, impersonal, dispassionate, disengaged: none of these adjectives is suitable for observation between 1750 and 1850. The spirit of observation was a universal talent. The literary history of this aptitude reveals that science faced, under the name of observation, not only the problem of subjectivity, but also the problem of talent. The more an individual is an observer, the more he perfects himself in contact with the world: the spirit of observation reveals the truth, but it creates difference in minds. The function of the methodology was to recreate a political agreement on the intellectual inequality. These speeches, dwelling with equality, then fed a dissenting thought, from literary bohemia to the socialists of the 19th century, including the Girondins and the liberals. The invention of objectivity closed the debates around 1850 by extolling a conventional substitutability between scientists. Democratic, this reign of the method rests however on an unquestioned imagination: knowledge would precede know-how, experience would be acquired voluntarily, the ego would be independent of its ideas ... These presuppositions are nevertheless questioned by realism aesthetics. By describing "only what others are able to see as well, so that they can judge with full knowledge of the facts" (E. Duranty), the observer author defines a common reality from a critical negotiation on talents. That is why these texts are closer to methodology than to science, and constitute an original epistemological proposition
Pontbriand, Mathieu. "Former l'individu, profiter du territoire, élever la nation : la pensée libérale de Lomer Gouin, 1897-1920." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30534/30534.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVélez, Posada Andrés. "Ingenia : puissances d'engendrement : philosophie naturelle et pensée géographique à la Renaissance." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0030.
Повний текст джерелаThe Renaissance was certainly the age of the ingenium. Interpreted as a generative power, this notion involves a thought on the productivity of Nature and expresses a reflection on singularity and difference. Its presence in the artistic practices and discourses is well known. However, its rôle in natural philosophy, medicine and geography has been less studied. This dissertation aims to show that ingenium was used in oder to understand the variety of human beings, the operations related to creativity and the différent qualifies of places on Earth. Hence, the purpose is to present a spiritual geography of the culture of ingenium of the Renaissance
Jacqué, Marie. "Développement du mode de pensée environnementale et vulgarisation de l'écologie scientifique : l'éducation à l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10091.
Повний текст джерелаPerron, François. "Le débat Armée-nation en France au début du XXè siècle : la pensée militaire de Jean Jaurès." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10073.
Повний текст джерелаZinkhofer, Sabina Maria. "Économie et nation : les deux visions de la pensée économique allemande, de F. List à nos jours." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0010.
Повний текст джерелаThe economic thought takes form, during the chosen period (from F. List, who elucidates the links between nation and economics, to present days) inside the specific political, economic and philosophical context of a nation not yet formed. The present thesis argues that in spite of roots in common, this thought can be divided into a dualist vision of economics and nation determinated by historical constraints, and a reconcilatory vision which progresses towards the loosening of these constraints and elaborating the desired order - one which seeks to equilibrate idea and reality, the spiritual and the material. Eventually, the different visions of man in history are responsable for the different concepts of economics and nation, the ways proposed to realise the desired society and the constitutional choices for its integration. This proposition will be backed up by the analysis of representative systems of economic thought : - first, the main philosophical aspects, to discern the ethical "stakes" of this thought : Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Nietzsche, the "neo - kantian and critical historical" philosophy, the School of Frankfurt, Habermas; - next, economic thought, from List to the period of national socialisme : Bismarck and conservative thought, list, Schmoller, Sombart, Weber (the historical school of "Nationalokonomie"), Marx and Bernstein, representing the two branches of socialist thought ; - finally, the theories of Eucken (the "ordo - liberalisme") and Glotz, representing contemporary social democratic thought. We shall examine the potential viability of the elaborated order models, especially by analysing the compatibility of the proposed concepts and the relation between the economic and political order. Their ethical foundations will be made clear to establish the link between the vision of man and that of economics and nation. The conclusion will regroup the analysis of the differents systems of economic thought into either a dualist or a reconciling vision
Renaud-Boulesteix, Benedicte. "Joseph Thomas Delos : une pensée de la plénitude à l'épreuve de la modernité." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0040.
Повний текст джерелаThe confidential work of Joseph Thomas Delos meets the objective of offering a Christian alternative to a liberal society. As Professor of Public International Law, Thomist, this Dominican has continuously strived to articulate the effects of sociology to legal reflection on the common good, The main focus of his research is based on analysis of international society and the conditions for construction of an international legal order. The latter is characterized by the establishment of independent international institutions and by the integration of the United Nations in this new institutional order, according to the legal principle of functional duplication. The historical relationship between the state and the nation must not lead to a conceptual identity formalized by the nation state as the only possible formula policy, Delos exposes the distinction between a State, which is a political society and a nation, which is a cultural community. The Federal route may also be considered, especially for treating the case of national minorities. The coherence of Delos' work consists in applying the Aristotelian theory developed by Thomas Aquinas for the common good, to international Law and more generally to social life. This legal declination crystallizes around the concept of institution, which formalizes the temporal common good. The Delosian gesture is typical of the effort of Christian thought to reformulate a theological- political unity in a context of a crisis of modernity, This effort confronts the resistance of modern freedom, which forces Christian alternative to choose between democracy and totalitarianism while acquiring partially political liberalism
Gey, Adrien. "L'évolution des rapports ville nature dans la pensée et la pratique aménagistes : la consultation internationale du Grand Paris." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002384.
Повний текст джерелаTimmermans, Benoît. "Les origines romantiques de la pensée abstraite: histoire et enjeux de l'algèbre moderne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210698.
Повний текст джерелаFrappier, Mélanie. "Langage, physique et philosophie : un regard sur la pensée de Werner Heisenberg." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ44741.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrelle, Gérard. "Ernst Karl Winter : éléments d'une pensée alternative de l'Autriche de l'entre-deux-guerres." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957194.
Повний текст джерелаCôté, Benoît. "Nature et fondements de la doctrine de la nécessité dans la pensée philosophique de Joseph Priestley (1733-1804)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11916.
Повний текст джерелаMerlin, Christian. "La nation dans l'austro-marxisme." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010298.
Повний текст джерелаPonchon, Pierre. "La rationalité tragique. Essai sur la constitution d'une forme de pensée d'Héraclite à Thucydide et sur sa critique platonicienne." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20010.
Повний текст джерелаTragic and tragedy has often been regarded, as a result of Plato's condemnation, as being the expression of emotion and irrationality. The concept of tragic rationality aims to approach tragic as a fully rational form of thought, although belonging to another type of reason than the philosophical one. It includes various «literary», ethical, political, theological or even ontological conceptions belonging to the same frame of thought that many thinkers relate to, less encompassing than mentality and less inflexible than doctrine.The inquiry makes its way through Plato's criticism of tragic and tragedy in order to determine this form of thought's essential characteristics, drawing from Plato's opposition. Three characteristic principles emerge : the War, the Flow, the Multiple.From then on, a new presocratic map can be drawn. Not only do we identify a new tradition, that of tragic thought, of which Heraclitus is a major representative and which is featured in Empedocles and Protagoras' works, but we discover that this tradition spreads beyond the group of thinkers classified as philosophers. Besides tragic poets, we can also include a writer like Thucydides. A detailled study of tragic rationality in his work enables us both to identify as tragic products the great achievements that are his original literary form, his conception of human nature and his political realism, and to verify the relevance of the concepts defining tragic as a form of rationality, using an example independant from Plato
Rignol, Loïc. "Les hiéroglyphes de la Nature : Science de l'homme et Science sociale dans la pensée socialiste en France, 1830-1851." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082344.
Повний текст джерелаThis epistemology of socialism intends to replace the thought of the french socialists, between 1830 and 1851, in the system of life sciences of its time. Indeed seeking to constitute a scientific religion to regenerate mankind, they explore the science of man to base on it a social science. Thus phrenology enables them to conceive the making of a total man which exercises the totality of its faculties in a society taking model on its organization. In the same way, ethnology delivers the principles of the " affamiliation " of human races, as the saint-simonians say. They must mix to become the integral parts of the large human body, biological and mystical revelation of the Christ's body, according to holy Paul. Their association will be then sealed in the flesh. Anthropology is thought within this framework as the matrix of a new Ark, binding the men between them to connect them to God
Lorenzi, Federico. "Human-Nature centered design. Pensare e progettare sostenibile l'interazione uomo-natura." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLehner, Andrea. ""Pousser au milieu des choses" : sur l'actualité des philosophies de la nature face aux défis écologiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100043.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to consider the metaphysical dimension of the current ecological crisis. By narrowing down the crisis to its metaphysical components, we analyze what we identify as its main source: the growing distancing between nature and thought, which leads to our incapacity to think nature on its own terms. We argue that both the modern bifurcation of nature and Kant’s transcendental revolution are at the base of this distancing between nature and thought. And yet, limited scope of these approaches turned out to be prolific. They inspired philosophies of nature to develop a very fertile ground to think nature and the future of philosophy’s relation to nature after transcendental philosophy. It is these philosophies of nature that we seek to explore in the second moment of our research. We examine Schelling’s Naturphilosophie and the later Merleau-Ponty’s engagement with philosophy of nature, in order to locate the way in which they try to overcome certain limits of transcendental philosophy’s approach to nature. Finally, after tracing certain elements from Whitehead’s and Deleuze’s philosophy of nature, and its relevance for thinking nature in a non-anthropocentric nor dualistic way. We locate in these philosophies of nature a way of thinking where it is nature that comes to thought, and not the transcendental subject that determines or constitutes nature by subsuming it under universal concepts. This thought of nature assumes itself as constructivist, but it is a special type of constructivism, one that « grows in the midst of things » (Deleuze). One such thinking, we defend, would be able to live up to the challenges raised in an age of ecological crisis
Picon, Dorothée. "Nature de la relation entre l'épargne et l'investissement : de la controverse Keynes-Hayek aux débats post-keynesiens." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100032.
Повний текст джерелаPlassart, Marie. "Penser le nationalisme aux Etats-Unis : les musées de la Smithsonian Institution, 1945-1980." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20068/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation focuses on the Smithsonian Museums in the decades following World War II and tests ways of conceptualizing nationalism in the United States. The Smithsonian Institution includes some research bureaus, which are funded with federal and independent funds, and the National Museums, mostly run with federal funds. Almost all National Museums are situated on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., at the monumental heart of the federal capital. They provide an observatory of nationalism, as they are a contact zone between the federal power and museum people, which brings to light the degree to which the government gets involved in the National Museums and the federal contribution to the maintenance of national feelings through museums. Besides, the creation of new museums and new exhibitions suggests that nationalist practices develop within a specific time frame. Finally, as museums oscillate between the exhibition of universal phenomena and that of national features, they magnify the tension between universalism and particularism that is the basis for nationalism, defined as a national way of belonging to the world
Duclos-Grécourt, Marie-Laure. "L'idée de loi au XVIIIe siècle dans la pensée des juristes français (1715-1789)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3001.
Повний текст джерелаAlso called men of law, jurists had a natural passion for this source of law in the eighteenth century, taking part in the legal and political debate of this century. If they used the traditional distinction between natural law and positive law, they mainly developed the latter, being the witnesses and the actors of the secularization and the rationalization of the legal order. Criticized for its divine foundation, the natural law lost its paradigmatic aura ; human reason was enough to understand it and to establish the positive law. The latter asserted itself on the face of the other sources of law as the expression of the royal will and as the means of the legal system unification against a controversial legal pluralism which was nevertheless persistent. However, as despotism struck this century, and especially the second half, the royal will was feared because of possible arbitrariness. The law, as its expression, should be placed under supervision. Jurists thus campaigned for the instauration of a judicial review of law conformity with extensively considered reference standards. The emergence of the nation, new political actor invigorated by the States General being called, renewed the debate. The nation claimed sovereignty and received legislative power, and the law, from now on conceived as the expression of the general will that connected individuals and the nation, led the way to French people’s emancipation. The French Revolution carried out this theoretical progress and opened the door to a long reign for the law
Barouch, Gilles. "La décision au fil de l'eau : systèmes de pensée et d'action à l'œuvre dans la gestion des milieux naturels en France." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987pa090074.
Повний текст джерелаBorsari, Alexandra. "L'impossible retour à la Nature : analyse du fantasme de retour à la nature et mise en lumière des structures archaïques de l'imaginaire contemporain (Europe occidentale)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0070.
Повний текст джерелаIn the West, the fantasy of returning to nature, understood as a return to an original matrix, has mainly taken the form of a search for a lost paradise or a return to a golden age.The first part aims at illustrating the persistence of this fantasy with the examination of some of its expressions. These expressions are presented along two major lines: the relationship to radical otherness with the figures of the savage and the barbaric since ancient times, up to the first Christopher Columbus' journey in Chapter 1, and the quest for a better world with the Christian millenniums in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 is devoted to the evocation of this prehistoric fantasy, and in particular, the consequences of the Neolithic divide.The second part focuses on the identity of the fantasy of returning to nature and its function in collective imagination. In the West, this fantasy has given birth to the search for an earthly paradise, as the synthesis of three fundamental fantasies: eternal youth, easy life, and perfection. This aspect of the fantasy is discussed in Chapter 5. The question of the existence of a primary imagination is also discussed, as well as the issues raised by the development of a general theory of imagination, in Chapters 4 and 6.The third part seeks to uncover the origin of this fantasy: namely, its genealogy over time. Human beings have reached a level of security from which no other animal seems to benefit. Homo sapiens owe their origin and evolution to their ability to protect themselves from the arbitrariness of the wilderness. The freedom human beings have gained through evolution goes along with their irreversible expulsion from nature and could be the source of the fantasy of returning to nature. Chapter 7 deals specifically with the call for an elsewhere, Chapter 8 is focused on the notions of transformation and mastery of the world, and Chapter 9 on the question of freedom
Dasi, Pierre. "Penser et représenter la nature à l'école primaire française entre 1870 et le début des années vingt." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC031.
Повний текст джерелаThinking, representing and studying nature has been a major component of the educational project of Third Republic Schools. To understand the issues surrounding ways of thinking and educating people about nature, it is necessary to keep in mind that geography, science, history, agronomy and literature have brought out a wealth of knowledge and raised as many questions, sometimes with unruly answers. However, the essential thing is not in the search for the contradictions that the discourse has inevitably generated. No, it is to be found in the course that the founders have set: to educate and instruct. In our opinion, one of the levers to achieve this dual objective has been to make education as attractive as possible. As we can imagine, pedagogues were not short of ideas, but the study of nature has more than others served to enchant the republican school. Not always, not everywhere, of course: the success and development of new education cannot be understood if we forget that many schools run by conscientious teachers were reluctant to break with traditional teaching methods and content. This tearing away from tradition is perfectly embodied in the new Education. Carried by the wind of pedagogical renovation, this progressive movement followed in the footsteps of the reformers of the traditional school to make nature the pivot of its teaching... In the midst of the aims of nature education at school, the enchanting dimension of nature was absolutely central. All school literature has participated in this process of manufacturing a nature capable of expressing the greatness of the nation, capable of competing with the theological interpretations of the world and capable of making people forget the misfortunes of time. Hard at work training young volunteer Republicans, the school has also promoted, with nature, active methods. Gardens, walks, trips, lessons, geography of the field draw a modern school, more in tune with the needs of children. It is around this double movement of building representations: the enchantment of the school on the one hand, and an enchanted nature on the other, that we have organized the essential of our reflection. Bearing in mind that there has been a manufacturing process of a nature whose image - and not its materiality - is still reflected in the collective memory
Zabiega, Tadeusz. "La Pensée musicale d'Anton von Webern et la philosophie de la nature de Goethe." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376108432.
Повний текст джерелаGuillibert, Paul. "Terre et capital : penser la destruction de la nature à l'âge de catastrophes globales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100069.
Повний текст джерелаWhat does “Gaia’s intrusion’’ change to socialist thought and in particular to Marxism? Can we maintain the critique of capitalism and the revolutionary project “in times of disasters’’? This work defends that the contemporary destruction of nature imposes a triple task on the philosophy inherited from Marxism. First, capitalism must be rethought on the basis of its long-term environmental history. It will then appear as a system that evolves and transforms itself according to the natures it appropriates. Secondly, thinking about the destruction of nature implies a naturalistic ontology on which one can base a critique of destructive social practices and from which it is possible to imagine new natural relationships. Third, we are witnessing the spontaneous intervention of a multiplicity of non-human beings in our social histories. This agency of “historical natures’’ changes the soil of our political experiences and recomposes our revolutionary cosmopolitics. Provided that it is rethought on the basis of the experience of the destruction of nature, historical materialism can provide the necessary impetus for the formulation of a social emancipation programme adapted to the age of global disasters
Borsari, Alexandra. "ANALYSE DU FANTASME DE RETOUR À LA NATURE ET MISE EN LUMIÈRE DES STRUCTURES ARCHAIQUES DE L'IMAGINAIRE CONTEMPORAIN (EUROPE OCCIDENTALE)." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561450.
Повний текст джерелаSnyder, Patrick. "Fondements anthropologiques et théologiques de la pensée de Jean-Paul II sur la nature et la vocation de la femme, l'impasse du déterminisme corporel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26092.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSimard, Sébastien. "Vers une conceptualisation multidimensionnelle de la peur de la récidive du cancer : évaluation, nature des pensées intrusives et comorbidité psychiatrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25283/25283.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBellis, Delphine Julie. "Le visible et l’invisible dans la pensée cartésienne : figuration, imagination et vision dans la philosophie naturelle de René Descartes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040015.
Повний текст джерелаMy aim, in this dissertation, is to explore the various aspects of the process of figuration in Descartes’ philosophy, particularly with respect to the knowledge of natural bodies. Moving from Descartes’ early to his more mature works, we find that the notion of figure (or shape) played a variety of roles: it possessed a methodological function, as a conventional representation of the relations between our notions, but also designated, respectively, a geometrical object, a mode of extension assigned by metaphysics to the reality of bodies, and an external delimitation of sensible bodies or of invisible corpuscles in physics. In analyzing these different functions, my aim is to understand how Descartes’ thought evolved from the Regulae to later texts, while trying to answer a new problem that did not exist for the scholastics, namely that of the knowledge of the shape of determined bodies. This problem arose partly because Descartes’ metaphysics had established shape as an essential mode of bodily extension, while at the time refusing a priori to appeal to sensation for knowledge, but it also emerged for purely epistemological reasons in the process of constituting a new physics. In my thesis, I argue that one key to this problem is to be found in the theory of vision, presented in the Dioptrique, a text that moves, however, towards a corpuscular physics that relies on a specific use of imagination and experience. From this analysis of the notion of figure or shape, we are able to shed a different light on what so far has been considered an integral aspect of the 17th century’s mathematisation of nature
Marcho, Krikor. "La contamination dans la formation de la pensee arabe au liban, syrie et egypte : 1901 1970." Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080048.
Повний текст джерелаThe study is a tentative to illuminate the problematic of ideas' contamination and of the materialistic sequences and this, resulted from the nature of the multiform cultural contacts, arriving to the process of the dominated society's deculturation, is in the benefice of the dominate occidental culture. In fact, this processus negates the difference, puts out the autonomy of the dominated culture, and condamnes it to the equation : master slave. In reality, this metamorphose may could be resulted from the interiorisation of this inferiority viz-a-viz of its master and its auto-denigration. The arab modernist elites, themselves - laicists or islamists liberals or marxists - ar'nt excluded from this order. This very effect which could be seen in considiring that this elites remodeled their identity and their history through the successive periods of the occident's history : decadence - renaissance - reform- revolution. This transposition of the occidental problematics in the arabes conscious- ness acts, in the same time, as obliteration and deformation, as if the self- consciousness is'nt constituted, only by the mirory of the other and as a must - to - be (devoir-etre). All these new imported intellectual acquisitions block up the peripherized societies and fondamentally affect the signification and the fonction of this trans- fered knowledges, as far as that is concerning the socio-economic and epistemologic sequels. That's mean to think again the different conceptions which generated this discontinuity, rupture, mutation and transformation as this elites had only imposed despotic nationalism which had reduced the dominated into mutism
Garmi, Yosra. "La question de la religion chez al-Fārābī (m. 338-339/950-951) : nature et fonction du religieux dans la Cité." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN061.
Повний текст джерелаDuring a period of great instability in the land of Islam, Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī, an Arabic philosopher who died at the beginning of the second half of the tenth century, developed a political theory halfway between philosophy and religion. Inspired by the political philosophy of Plato, who conceived an ideal city model in his major political works (The Republic, The Timaeus, The Laws) and the classical Muslim society for which the first ruler or caliph is a political and religious leader, This theory presupposes the elaboration of a new city adapted to the Muslim culture called "the virtuous city" (al-madīna al-fāḍila). Within its walls, philosophy is considered a royal art and its practice is reserved for the first or governing ruler. It is the same for religion, which is the second and is considered "virtuous" (al-milla al-fāḍila) at the moment when it constitutes a means by which the head of the city proceeds to the instruction of his fellow citizens And gives them access to the attainment of happiness in this life and in another life, located after death. Our research aims at exposing the relations between religion and philosophy within the ideal city conceived by Fārābī and its opposing models (vicious, corrupt and misplaced cities and religions that are related to them). Focusing more specifically on the determination of the nature and function of the religious in the City, our study is divided into three aspects. The first relates to the biography of Fārābī and its relation to religion. The second is devoted to the examination of an aspect of his preserved work (corpus), from which we have attempted to reveal the nature and function of the religious in the "City", the latter being understood as the version More idealized of its model of a virtuous city that is the object of varied forms (small, medium, large human assembly). As for the last aspect of our research, he is interested in the reception of the philosophical-religious theory of the faylasūf in the work of his first successors and disciples in philosophy among the Moslem, Jewish and Christian circles of Arabic expression (Avicenna, Maimonides, Yaḥyā Ibn 'Adī)
Perron, François. "Le Débat armée-nation en France au début du vingtième siècle la pensée militaire de Jaurès /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617531x.
Повний текст джерелаCornevin, Gérard. ""Cedant arma togae..." : l'institution militaire dans la pensée constitutionnelle et politique de l'an III (1795) à 1962." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1018.
Повний текст джерелаPolitical wisdom is to live a free government, and military power. Study on the organization of armed force in the constitutional thought, and action in political thought since the year III (1795) to 1962, over 167 years, its variation in the political iconography to yardstick of politics, on the ten-political sovereign and republican regimes - through wars and societal events. The conclusion reminds the obedience of armies of the civil power for the period, an interaction of political and armed and opens a new perspective in the political-military relationship, exposing an overview of the major economic powers in their relations policy-armies
Mergy, Jennifer. "Nations et nationalismes : Durkheim et le durkheimiens de la question de l'Alsace-Lorraine à la Société des Nations." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090017.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Guilherme Antunes de. "Pensar nos bichos : afetos e políticas da proteção animal." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8873.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As an ethnography about interspecific relationships – between humans and animals – in urban contexts, this dissertation aims to reflect about the actions related to the management and protection of animal life within institutional and domestic scopes. From the contact with activist groups in two cities in the state of São Paulo it was possible to observe situations that alternate between containment and propitiation measures and their consequent interferences in a conviviality supported by the principle of animal protection. Government and activism – as well as the perceptions and conceptions of the domestic animal resulting from their respective actions – allow a theoretical and methodological reflection on the binomial established between culture and nature, when they reveal conflicts and possible ambivalences of animal protection, situated between control and hosting measures that, consequently, are linked to affectivities and legal issues. Ethical arguments, contained in laws and public policies, as well as the appeal to the sensitive dimension, eventually triggered by activism, also provide subsidies to understanding other concepts - such as welfare and animal rights – and these interspecific relationships mediated by emotions and reason, both tangents to the moral condition of the animal as part of a predominantly human socius.
Como uma etnografia acerca de relações interespecíficas – entre humanos e animais – em contextos urbanos, este trabalho visa refletir sobre as ações envolvidas na gestão e tutela da vida animal no âmbito institucional e doméstico. A partir do contato com grupos ativistas em dois municípios paulistas, foram observadas situações que se alternam entre medidas de contenção e de propiciação e suas consequentes interferências num convívio amparado pelo princípio da proteção aos animais. Tanto o poder público como o ativismo – bem como as percepções e concepções sobre o animal doméstico resultantes de suas respectivas ações – possibilitam uma reflexão de ordem teórico-metodológica do binômio estabelecido entre cultura e natureza, ao apresentarem os conflitos e as possíveis ambivalências da proteção animal, situados entre medidas de controle e de acolhimento e, por conseguinte, imbricados a afetividades e juridicidades. Argumentos éticos, presentes em legislações e em políticas públicas, e o apelo à dimensão do sensível, eventualmente acionado pelas atividades militantes, também fornecem subsídios à compreensão de outros conceitos – como bem-estar animal e direitos animais – e dessas relações interespecíficas mediadas por emoções e razões, ambas tangentes à condição moral do animal enquanto parte de um socius predominantemente humano.