Статті в журналах: "Peer problem"

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LI, KEQIN. "PROBING HIGH-CAPACITY PEERS TO REDUCE DOWNLOAD TIMES IN P2P FILE SHARING SYSTEMS WITH STOCHASTIC SERVICE CAPACITIES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 06 (September 2012): 1341–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112500189.

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The main problem for an individual user peer in a peer-to-peer network with heterogeneous source peers is the peer selection problem, namely, switching among source peers and finally settling on one, while keeping the total time of probing and downloading to a minimum. There has been little investigation on selecting source peers with stochastic service capacities. The main contribution of this paper is to address the problem of reducing download times in peer-to-peer file sharing systems with stochastic service capacities. A precise analysis of the expected download time is given when the service capacity of a source peer is a random variable. A chunk-based switching and peer selection algorithm using the method of probing high-capacity peers is proposed and the expected download time of the algorithm is analyzed. Two subproblems of the optimal choice of the threshold of high-capacity source peers and the optimal order of probing are also solved. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the random chunk-based switching method. It is shown that noticeable performance improvement can be obtained.

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Wardhani, Putri, and Nynda Fatmawati Octarina. "Optional problem solving in peer-to-peer lending." Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum dan Pendidikan 21, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/ekspose.v21i2.3320.

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This study aims to find alternative solutions to peer-to-peer lending problems. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The data collection technique used is documentation technique (scientific journal articles related to peer-to-peer lending). The data analysis technique used is analytical descriptive analysis regarding default settlement options in peer-to-peer lending. The results of this study indicate that alternative solutions for solving peer-to-peer lending problems are based on Article 21 POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016 the parties are required to mitigate risks through litigation channels, namely by going to court on the basis of default (Article 1243 Civil Code) made by the recipient of the loan; and the non-litigation route, namely through mediation because mediation efforts are included in the substance of the law (Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution).

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Syaputra, Yogi Damai, and Monalisa Monalisa. "Deskripsi Motivasi Siswa untuk Mengikuti Konseling Teman Sebaya Di SMA Negeri 1 Sungayang." Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbkt.v2i2.374.

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Adolescence is a time of self-discovery, one of the efforts made to achieve the identity of teenagers can be pursued with the achievement of a mature relationship with peers. Teenagers spend more time with their peers. Peer execution is very urgent in determining attitudes and behavior, as teenagers strive to be free from family and not dependent on their parents, so that any problems they face will be more likely to share the problem with their peers. Peer counseling is an activity of mutual care and interpersonal mutual assistance among fellow students that take place in everyday life, using active listening skills and problem-solving skills in equal position among peers. In SMA 1 Sungayang some students have attended peer counseling, one time, twice or even four times in peer counseling. This study aims to reveal the level of student motivation in following peer counseling. This research uses quantitative descriptive method, with 76 research sample students. Data obtained through questionnaire, then continued with interpretation of data or process of interpreting data. The results of this study revealed that the motivation of students to follow peer counseling activities belong to the high category.

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Syaputra, Yogi Damai, and Monalisa Lisa. "Motivasi Siswa dalam Mengikuti Konseling Teman Sebaya di SMAN 1 Sungayang." Jurnal Counseling Care 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2018): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/jcc.2018.v2i1.2858.

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Adolescence is a time of self-discovery, one of the efforts made to achieve the identity of teenagers can be pursued with the achievement of a mature relationship with peers. Teenagers spend more time with their peers. Peer execution is very urgent in determining attitudes and behavior, as teenagers strive to be free from family and not dependent on their parents, so that any problems they face will be more likely to share the problem with their peers. Peer counseling is an activity of mutual care and interpersonal mutual assistance among fellow students that take place in everyday life, using active listening skills and problem-solving skills in equal position among peers. In SMA 1 Sungayang some students have attended peer counseling, one time, twice or even four times in peer counseling. This study aims to reveal the level of student motivation in following peer counseling. This research uses quantitative descriptive method, with 76 research sample (SeventySix) students. Data obtained through questionnaire, then continued with interpretation of data or process of interpreting data. The results of this study revealed that the motivation of students to follow peer counseling activities belong to the high category

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LAIRD, ROBERT D., KRISTI Y. JORDAN, KENNETH A. DODGE, GREGORY S. PETTIT, and JOHN E. BATES. "Peer rejection in childhood, involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence, and the development of externalizing behavior problems." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 2 (May 16, 2001): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401002085.

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A longitudinal, prospective design was used to examine the roles of peer rejection in middle childhood and antisocial peer involvement in early adolescence in the development of adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Both early starter and late starter pathways were considered. Classroom sociometric interviews from ages 6 through 9 years, adolescent reports of peers' behavior at age 13 years, and parent, teacher, and adolescent self-reports of externalizing behavior problems from age 5 through 14 years were available for 400 adolescents. Results indicate that experiencing peer rejection in elementary school and greater involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence are correlated but that these peer relationship experiences may represent two different pathways to adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Peer rejection experiences, but not involvement with antisocial peers, predict later externalizing behavior problems when controlling for stability in externalizing behavior. Externalizing problems were most common when rejection was experienced repeatedly. Early externalizing problems did not appear to moderate the relation between peer rejection and later problem behavior. Discussion highlights multiple pathways connecting externalizing behavior problems from early childhood through adolescence with peer relationship experiences in middle childhood and early adolescence.

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Farmer, Thomas W., Richard M. Van Acker, Ruth Pearl, and Philip C. Rodkin. "Social Networks and Peer-Assessed Problem Behavior in Elementary Classrooms." Remedial and Special Education 20, no. 4 (July 1999): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000408.

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Peer-assessed problem behavior was examined in relation to peer group membership and social network centrality (social prominence) in 59 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade classes. Differences among students with and without disabilities were explored. Peer assessments for Starts Fights, Gets in Trouble, and Disruptive were used to identify students with high levels of problem behavior. Students with high peer-assessed problem behavior tended to associate with peers who shared their behavioral features, and they were as socially prominent as students with low problem behavior. Most students with high peer-assessed problem behavior were students without disabilities, but students with disabilities were overrepresented at the highest levels of problem behavior. Within prominent problem behavior peer groups, students without disabilities tended to have higher prominence than students with disabilities. Implications for school services are discussed.

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7

Aydin, M. Asli, and Z. Caner Taşkin. "Decentralized decomposition algorithms for peer-to-peer linear optimization." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 6 (September 16, 2020): 1835–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2019097.

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We propose Decentralized Benders Decomposition and Decentralized Dantzig–Wolfe Decomposition algorithms for large-scale block angular linear programming problems. Our methods allow multiple peer decision makers to cooperate with the aim of solving the problem without the need of a central coordination mechanism. Instead we achieve cooperation by partial information sharing across a strongly connected communication network. Our main goal is to design decentralized solution approaches for decision makers who are unwilling to disclose their local data, but want to solve the global problem collaboratively for mutual benefit. We prove that our proposed methods reach global optimality in a finite number of iterations. We confirm our theoretical results with computational experiments.

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Wang, April Yi, Yan Chen, John Joon Young Chung, Christopher Brooks, and Steve Oney. "PuzzleMe: Leveraging Peer Assessment for In-Class Programming Exercises." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479559.

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Peer assessment, as a form of collaborative learning, can engage students in active learning and improve their learning gains. However, current teaching platforms and programming environments provide little support to integrate peer assessment for in-class programming exercises. We identified challenges in conducting such exercises and adopting peer assessment through formative interviews with instructors of introductory programming courses. To address these challenges, we introduce PuzzleMe, a tool to help Computer Science instructors to conduct engaging in-class programming exercises. PuzzleMe leverages peer assessment to support a collaboration model where students provide timely feedback on their peers' work. We propose two assessment techniques tailored to in-class programming exercises: live peer testing and live peer code review. Live peer testing can improve students' code robustness by allowing them to create and share lightweight tests with peers. Live peer code review can improve code understanding by intelligently grouping students to maximize meaningful code reviews. A two-week deployment study revealed that PuzzleMe encourages students to write useful test cases, identify code problems, correct misunderstandings, and learn a diverse set of problem-solving approaches from peers.

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9

Raappana, Antti, Kimmo Kurki, Fernand Schoppig, and Barry Gillman. "Fixing the Peer Group Problem." CFA Institute Magazine 28, no. 2 (June 2017): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v28.n2.7.

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10

Li, Shiyong, Wei Sun, Cheng-Guo E, and Lina Shi. "A scheme of resource allocation and stability for peer–to–peer file–sharing networks." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2016-0049.

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Abstract Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks offer a cost-effective and easily deployable framework for sharing content. However, P2P file-sharing applications face a fundamental problem of unfairness. Pricing is regarded as an effective way to provide incentives to peers to cooperate. In this paper we propose a pricing scheme to achieve reasonable resource allocation in P2P file-sharing networks, and give an interpretation for the utility maximization problem and its sub-problems from an economic point of view. We also deduce the exact expression of optimal resource allocation for each peer, and confirm it with both simulation and optimization software. In order to realize the optimum in a decentralized architecture, we present a novel price-based algorithm and discuss its stability based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm can attain an optimum within reasonable convergence times.

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11

Yue, J. Z., K. Böhm, and S. von Stackelberg. "Incentivizing High-Quality Reviews in Peer-to-Peer Settings." International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvcsn.2014010101.

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Peer reviewing has been touted as a popular instrument to identify good contributions in communities. A problem of peer reviewing is that reviewers have little incentive to make significant effort. To address this problem, the authors introduce a new variant of peer reviewing. It differs from conventional peer reviewing in two ways: First, peers who have made a contribution must also review the contributions made by others. Second, each contributor issues ratings regarding the reviews he has received. To incentivize reviewing, they design an assessment scheme which does not only assess the quality of the contribution made by a peer, but also the quality of the reviews he has submitted. The scheme ranks peers by overall performance, and the ranks determine their payoff. Such a setting gives way to competition among peers. A core challenge however is to elicit objective reviews and ratings. The authors consider two issues which are in the way of this objectiveness: First, they expect preference bias in ratings, i.e., peers tend to prefer reviews with high scores, but dislike reviews with low scores. Second, strategic peers might defame others in their reviews or ratings. This is because they perceive others as competitors. In this paper, they propose a heuristic to address these issues. Further, they carry out a user study in a lecture scenario to evaluate their scheme. It shows that students are incentivized to submit high-quality reviews and that their scheme is effective to evaluate the performance of students.

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12

Gardiner, Georgi. "THE COMMUTATIVITY OF EVIDENCE: A PROBLEM FOR CONCILIATORY VIEWS OF PEER DISAGREEMENT." Episteme 11, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2013.42.

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AbstractConciliatory views of peer disagreement hold that when an agent encounters peer disagreement she should conciliate by adjusting her doxastic attitude towards that of her peer. In this paper I distinguish different ways conciliation can be understood and argue that the way conciliationism is typically understood violates the principle of commutativity of evidence. Commutativity of evidence holds that the order in which evidence is acquired should not influence what it is reasonable to believe based on that evidence. I argue that when an agent encounters more than one peer, and applies the process of conciliation serially, the order she encounters the peers influences the resulting credence. I argue this is a problem for conciliatory views of disagreement, and suggest some responses available to advocates of conciliation.

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13

Li, Zhenhua, Jiannong Cao, Guihai Chen, and Yan Liu. "On the source switching problem of Peer-to-Peer streaming." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 70, no. 5 (May 2010): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2010.01.005.

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14

Ma, Ruimin, Lifei Yao, Lijun Song, and Maozhu Jin. "A novel algorithm for peer-to-peer ridesharing match problem." Neural Computing and Applications 31, S1 (September 19, 2018): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3733-5.

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MASUD, MEHEDI, and ILUJU KIRINGA. "UPDATE TRANSLATION IN INSTANCE MAPPED HETEROGENEOUS PEER DATABASES." International Journal of Semantic Computing 05, no. 02 (June 2011): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x11001195.

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In data sharing systems, peers are acquainted through pair-wise data sharing settings/mappings for sharing and exchanging data. Besides query processing, supporting update exchange for interchanging data between peers is one of the challenging problems in data sharing systems. In update exchange, an update action posed to a peer is applied to the peer's local database instance and then the update is propagated to the related peers. Previous work on update exchange have considered update propagation considering schema-level mappings between peers, which are conceptually similar to the view maintenance problem. However, there are data sharing systems, where peers are acquainted by instance-level mappings. In such a system, peers use different schemas and data vocabularies to represent semantically same real world entities. The instance-level mappings express how data in one peer relate to data in another peer. One of the problems in exchanging updates in instance-mapped data sharing systems is to translate updates correctly between heterogeneous peers. The translation should be such that insertions, deletions, and modifications of the tuples made by an update in a peer and by the translated version of the update in an acquainted peer are related through the mappings between them. In this paper, we investigate such a mechanism for translating update actions between heterogeneous peer data sources. Before discussing the translation mechanism, the paper first formalize the notion of update translation and derive conditions under which the translation mechanism will produce correct translations of updates.

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Risnawaty, Widya, Sandi Kartasasmita, and Denrich Suryadi. "Peer Counselor Training for High School Students in West Jakarta." MITRA: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/mitra.v3i2.350.

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The present community service activities were held to provide peer counselor training for high school Students in West Jakarta. Results from our survey showed several problems such as high achievement demand from parents, disparity between peer groups, and verbal abuse from parents. Despite these problems, students prefer to share their problems with their peers to consulting their problems with the Guidance and Counseling (GC) teacher, subject teacher, or homeroom teacher. To address this problem, the solution offered was to prepare assistance for GC teachers by giving training to selected students so that they are able to help other students, that is as peer counselors. Students who were trained must pass a selection process to meet standard qualifications as peer counselors. The peer counselor training aimed to provide competency-based knowledge and skills as a counselor. The task of these peer counselors was to act as peer assistants who can accommodate stories and complaints from peers based on basic counselling skills. Peer counselors are expected to help reduce psychological tension experienced by peers in need. The implementation stages included the following: socializing the program, implementation of training with 14 sessions, practices and supervisions, and evaluation program. Through the training, the students were successfully introduced to simple theories and counseling skills to trainees. After 6 simulated exercises, each participant experienced better counseling skills. However, to keep improving their skills, it is necessary that the trainees be given a periodic training and a strong support from the school, especially from GC teachers.

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doğan, nurhan. "Peer Supports and Problem Solving Skills of Nursing and Midwifery Students." Journal of Higher Education and Science 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5961/jhes.2021.437.

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The study was conducted to determine the problem solving skills with peer support of nursing and midwifery students. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 305 students. The data were collected using student information form, Problem Solving Inventory and Peer Cooperation Scale. Students’ peer support and problem-solving skills are moderate. 1st classes in the nursing department, 2nd classes in the midwifery department, those who choose the profession because they feel close to themselves in both departments and those who are satisfied with their department, those who have authoritarian families in the nursing department and, those who have democratic and extremely relevant families in the midwifery department of students peer support scores are high. Men and 3rd classes in the nursing department, , 1st and 2nd classes in the midwifery department, those who chose their department for their family request in both departments and are not satisfied with their department, those who have authoritarian families in the nursing departmen, those who have irrelevant families in the midwifery department of students problem-solving scores are high. While there was no significant relationship between the nursing student’s problem solving and peer support total scores, a negative correlation was found between the midwifery students’ problem solving and peer support total scores. It was determined that the peer support and problem solving skills of the students were at a moderate level, the problem solving skills of the nursing students and the peer support of the midwifery students were higher. It was determined that the department, class, satisfaction with the department, reason for department preference and the family structure affected the peer support and problem solving skills.

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Shanmugham, G. "The Peer-Review Problem: a sedimentological perspective." Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 39, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v39i1.243.

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Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists of all time, had a deep disdain for peer review. The peer-review process, introduced over a thousand years ago in Syria and fully formalized by the Royal Society of London during 1665-1752, is an integral part of quality control in publishing articles and in awarding research grants. However, there are many lingering problems, which include: 1) anointed experts, 2) blind peer reviews, 3) delays, 4) orthodoxy, 5) bias, 6) groupthink, 7) Peer rejection of ideas (including Nobel-Prize winners), 8) inconsistency, 9) politics, 10) fake peer review and plagiarism, 11) “Sham peer review” in the U.S. medical community, 12) settling old scores, 13) online publications, 14) acknowledgements, 15) controversies in geological sciences, and 16) imbalance of peer reviewers in the biomedical research. Transparency, which is the underpinning trait of science journalism, is lost in the secrecy of blind peer review. Under the blind peer review, there are at least eight examples of scientific papers that were rejected before going on to win a Nobel Prize. Furthermore, there are 33 striking cases of peer rejection in science, including the notorious theory of “continental drift” by Alfred Wegener. My own examples of papers in process sedimentology and petroleum geology show that the same manuscript was rejected by one journal, but was accepted by another, suggesting that the blind peer review is obsolete. A solution is to adopt an Open Peer Review (OPR). Barring an open peer review, an alternative path is to publishing the entire peer-review comments and recommended decisions of all reviewers (anonymous and identified) at the end of a paper. This practice not only would force the anonymous reviewer to be objective and accountable but also would allow the entire peer-review process to be transparent.

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Gonzales, Nancy A., Yu Liu, Michaeline Jensen, Jenn Yun Tein, Rebecca M. B. White, and Julianna Deardorff. "Externalizing and internalizing pathways to Mexican American adolescents’ risk taking." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 1371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417000323.

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AbstractThis study used four waves of data from a longitudinal study of 749 Mexican origin youths to test a developmental cascades model linking contextual adversity in the family and peer domains in late childhood to a sequence of unfolding processes hypothesized to predict problem substance use and risky sexual activity (greater number of sex partners) in late adolescence. Externalizing and internalizing problems were tested as divergent pathways, with youth-reported and mother-reported symptoms examined in separate models. Youth gender, nativity, and cultural orientation were tested as moderators. Family risk, peer social rejection, and their interaction were prospectively related to externalizing symptoms and deviant peer involvement, although family risk showed stronger effects on parent-reported externalizing and peer social rejection showed stronger effects on youth-reported externalizing. Externalizing symptoms and deviant peers were related, in turn, to risk taking in late adolescence, including problem alcohol–substance use and number of sexual partners. Peer social rejection predicted youth-reported internalizing symptoms, and internalizing was related, in turn, to problem alcohol and substance use in late adolescence. Tests of moderation showed some of these developmental cascades were stronger for adolescents who were female, less oriented to mainstream cultural values, and more oriented to Mexican American cultural values.

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Gao, Zhong Wen, and Ming Sheng Zhang. "The Study of the Trust-Role Based Access Control." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7042.

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In light of the problem of the security of Peer-to-Peer networks, an access control method is proposed which is based on the trust relationship between the peers in this paper. Thus the peers of different trust values can get different access authorities.

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Sluijsmans, Dominique M. A., George Moerkerke, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, and Filip J. R. Dochy. "Peer assessment in problem based learning." Studies in Educational Evaluation 27, no. 2 (January 2001): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-491x(01)00019-0.

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Garton, Alison F., and Chris Pratt. "Peer assistance in children's problem solving." British Journal of Developmental Psychology 19, no. 2 (June 2001): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151001166092.

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Summerfield, Stephen, Tina Overton, and Simon Belt. "Peer Reviewed: Problem-Solving Case Studies." Analytical Chemistry 75, no. 7 (April 2003): 181 A—182 A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac031272y.

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Carter, Stephen P., and Henry L. Janzen. "Peer Counseling or Peer Support—There is a Difference." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 10, no. 1 (December 1994): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957359401000105.

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of a peer helping program in a high school setting. Opinions were obtained from students, staff, peer support members, their parents, and their “clients.” A large sample was obtained for the general student survey (204 students, or 73% of the student population). The results validated the basic assumptions on which peer helping programs are founded, namely, that students most often seek out other students for help with problems and that students are thought to be capable of providing help for their peers. The results indicate that although students have confidence in one another for helping, few students said they would seek help with a problem from a peer counselor. It is thought that existing peer counseling programs are perhaps too small to adequately represent all peer groups within the school and that attempts should be made to expand membership in the program in order to reach more students. It was also indicated that students have greater confidence in a peer's ability for helping with school and relationship problems, whereas less confidence was shown for dealing with problems of a more serious nature such as suicide, death, and pregnancy. This point emphasizes the difference between peer counseling and “professional” counseling programs. It is proposed that for peer helping programs to grow the distinction between support and counseling become clear in the minds of those running the program and that alternate methods for program selection and training need to be explored.

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Zheng, Binbin, and Zilu Wang. "Near-peer teaching in problem-based learning: Perspectives from tutors and tutees." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): e0278256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278256.

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Introduction This study explores how tutors and tutees perceived their teaching and learning experience in a near-peer teaching programme within a formal undergraduate medical-education curriculum. Methods This mixed-methods study was conducted in an Asian medical school. First, a survey was administered to two groups of students, one that had been tutored by near-peers, and another with faculty tutors. Then, the near-peer tutors were interviewed and wrote reflection essays that the researchers collected. Quantitative analysis was used to analyse the survey responses, and qualitative analysis to analyse the interview and reflection data. Results Our study found no difference between near-peer tutees’ and faculty tutees’ perceptions of either tutor facilitation or tutor behaviours. Also, when near-peer tutors explained how their experience of delivering tutoring had influenced their professional-identity formation, they highlighted that they had gained skills important to their future careers as medical educators. Conclusion Integrating near-peer teaching into undergraduate medical curricula could be beneficial to both tutors and tutees because of the social, cognitive, and professional congruence between these two groups, and due to its likely positive influence on their professional-identity formation.

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FUJITA, SATOSHI. "Three-Tier Delaunay Network as a Topology for Peer-to-Peer Overlay." Journal of Interconnection Networks 19, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265919500105.

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This paper considers the problem of improving the routing performance of hierarchical Delaunay networks. Delaunay network is a network topology for peer-to-peer systems based on the Delaunay triangulation of a set of points associated with a set of peers. It is known that Delaunay networks have a favorable property as a topology for peer-to-peer systems such that a greedy routing scheme always delivers a given message to its destination without encountering a dead-end. The key idea used in the proposed method is to apply a hash function to the address of participant peers. More concretely, by applying a hash function to the coordinate point of the peers and by associating several points to each peer, we could realize an overlay so that the number of hops to the destination in the original network could be significantly reduced.

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Gharib, Mohammed, Marzieh Malekimajd, and Ali Movaghar. "SLoPCloud: An Efficient Solution for Locality Problem in Peer-to-Peer Cloud Systems." Algorithms 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11100150.

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) cloud systems are becoming more popular due to the high computational capability, scalability, reliability, and efficient data sharing. However, sending and receiving a massive amount of data causes huge network traffic leading to significant communication delays. In P2P systems, a considerable amount of the mentioned traffic and delay is owing to the mismatch between the physical layer and the overlay layer, which is referred to as locality problem. To achieve higher performance and consequently resilience to failures, each peer has to make connections to geographically closer peers. To the best of our knowledge, locality problem is not considered in any well known P2P cloud system. However, considering this problem could enhance the overall network performance by shortening the response time and decreasing the overall network traffic. In this paper, we propose a novel, efficient, and general solution for locality problem in P2P cloud systems considering the round-trip-time (RTT). Furthermore, we suggest a flexible topology as the overlay graph to address the locality problem more effectively. Comprehensive simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm in most of the well-known P2P overlay networks while not introducing any serious overhead.

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Yahsa, Assyifa Kartika, Idha Rahayuningsih, and Nadhirotul Laily. "The Effect Of Peer Socisl Support And Optimism On Problem Focused Coping." Journal Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Engineering, Social Science, and Health International Conference (UMGESHIC) 1, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/umgeshic.v1i2.3446.

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The problems experienced by students will certainly have an impact on the daily activities of these students. In overcoming problems, students apply the strategies they have to be able to overcome existing problems (problem focused coping). One of the internal factors that influence problem-focused coping is positive belief, while one of the external factors that influence the focus of coping is social support. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the effect of peer social support and optimism on problem focused coping, (2) the effect of peer social support on problem focused coping, and (3) the effect of optimism on problem focused coping. This study uses a predictive correlational quantitative approach. With a population of 56 students, the researcher used a total sampling technique. The method of collecting data from the third variable was support. peer social, optimism, and problem focused coping using a questionnaire compiled in the form of a Likert scale. The data of the three variables were process using multiple linear regression techniques. Based on the results obtained, there is an influence of peer social support and optimism on problem focused coping. There is an influence of peer social support on problem focused coping. There is an effect of optimism on problem focused coping.The benefit of this research is to add information on the development of psychology regarding the variables of problem focused coping, peer social support, and optimism. Limitations in this study are the minimum subject, so that for further researchers are expected to add research subjects and can add independent variables.

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Hung-Chang Hsiao, Hao Liao, and Cheng-Chyun Huang. "Resolving the Topology Mismatch Problem in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1668–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2009.24.

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Zhu, Jianjun, Chengfu Yu, Wei Zhang, Zhenzhou Bao, Yanping Jiang, Yuanyuan Chen, and Shuangju Zhen. "Peer victimization, deviant peer affiliation and impulsivity: Predicting adolescent problem behaviors." Child Abuse & Neglect 58 (August 2016): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.008.

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Chen, Jing, Rui-Min Wang, Lei Li, Zhi-Hong Zhang, and Xiao-She Dong. "A Distributed Dynamic Super Peer Selection Method Based on Evolutionary Game for Heterogeneous P2P Streaming Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/830786.

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Due to high efficiency and good scalability, hierarchical hybrid P2P architecture has drawn more and more attention in P2P streaming research and application fields recently. The problem about super peer selection, which is the key problem in hybrid heterogeneous P2P architecture, is becoming highly challenging because super peers must be selected from a huge and dynamically changing network. A distributed super peer selection (SPS) algorithm for hybrid heterogeneous P2P streaming system based on evolutionary game is proposed in this paper. The super peer selection procedure is modeled based on evolutionary game framework firstly, and its evolutionarily stable strategies are analyzed. Then a distributedQ-learning algorithm (ESS-SPS) according to the mixed strategies by analysis is proposed for the peers to converge to the ESSs based on its own payoff history. Compared to the traditional randomly super peer selection scheme, experiments results show that the proposed ESS-SPS algorithm achieves better performance in terms of social welfare and average upload rate of super peers and keeps the upload capacity of the P2P streaming system increasing steadily with the number of peers increasing.

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Alhussain, Alanoud, Heba Kurdi, and Lina Altoaimy. "Managing Trust and Detecting Malicious Groups in Peer-to-Peer IoT Networks." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 4484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134484.

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Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is becoming prevalent in Internet of Thing (IoT) platforms due to its low-cost low-latency advantages over cloud-based solutions. However, P2P networking suffers from several critical security flaws that expose devices to remote attacks, eavesdropping and credential theft due to malicious peers who actively work to compromise networks. Therefore, trust and reputation management systems are emerging to address this problem. However, most systems struggle to identify new smart models of malicious peers, especially those who cooperate together to harm other peers. This paper proposes an intelligent trust management system, namely, Trutect, to tackle this issue. Trutect exploits the power of neural networks to provide recommendations on the trustworthiness of each peer. The system identifies the specific model of an individual peer, whether good or malicious. The system also detects malicious collectives and their suspicious group members. The experimental results show that compared to rival trust management systems, Trutect raises the success rates of good peers at a significantly lower running time. It is also capable of accurately identifying the peer model.

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Menting, Barbara, Hans Koot, and Pol van Lier. "Peer acceptance and the development of emotional and behavioural problems." International Journal of Behavioral Development 39, no. 6 (November 27, 2014): 530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414558853.

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Difficulties in peer acceptance during elementary school have been associated with emotional and behavioural problems. This study used a randomized controlled intervention design to test whether improvements in peer acceptance mediated reduced rates of emotional and behavioural problems in intervention compared to control-group children. A total of 615 elementary school children in the Netherlands were followed annually from kindergarten through second grade. Intervention children showed reductions in emotional and behavioural problems, and improved peer acceptance compared to controls. Improved peer acceptance mediated reductions in emotional and behavioural problem development. However, this mediation pathway held only for boys with low receptive vocabulary skills. These results indicate poor peer acceptance as a common underlying factor in emotional and behavioural problem development, particularly for children who are at risk for developing problems.

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Li, Deguang, Yongxin Zhang, Shijie Jia, Dong Liu, Yanling Jin, and Yuansheng Wu. "A Bit Torrent Traffic Optimization Method for Enhancing the Stability of Network Traffic." Information 10, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10120361.

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With the extensive use of peer-to-peer applications in recent years, the network traffic becomes more dynamic and less predictable, which leads to the decline of network resource utilization and the degradation of network performance. Aiming towards the above problems, we explore how to strengthen the cooperation between peer-to-peer applications and networks, making the application adjust its own traffic mode according to current network traffic status to enhance the stability of network traffic. We improve two key algorithms of peer selection and choking/unchoking in the protocol and introduce traffic relaxation to characterize traffic state while taking the current most popular peer-to-peer application (bit torrent protocol) as an example. In our improved method, peers are selected probabilistically according their traffic relaxation, and the double-parameter selection problem that simultaneously considers the traffic relaxation and transfer rate of peers is also solved. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments in two real network typologies with real traffic matrix data and different sizes of bit torrent swarms; the experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the stability of the network traffic without sacrificing or even improving the performance of the bit torrent protocol when compared with original BT protocol.

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Kim, He Sook Nancy, and Kyung Ja Park. "Effects of Bystander's Emotional Empathy and Social Problem-Solving Skills on Defending Behaviors Against Bullying in Elementary School: Mediated Through Peer Acceptance." Korean Journal of Child Studies 42, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2021.42.6.741.

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Objectives: Many children are exposed to their peers being bullied, which negatively impacts individuals and the society as a whole. We investigated the effects of elementary school children’s emotional empathy and social problem-solving skills on their defending behaviors. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of these personal characteristics, mediated through their perceived peer acceptance among classmates. Gender differences were also tested.Methods: The study participants were 386 fourth- and fifth-graders (<i>M</i> = 10.4 yrs.) from six elementary schools in the metropolitan Seoul area of South Korea. Children’s perceived social acceptance, emotional empathy, and problem-solving skills were measured using self-reported questionnaires. Defending behavior was measured using peer nomination. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were conducted using SPSS 21.0 and MPLUS 6.12.Results: Bystanders‘ emotional empathy and social problem-solving skills had significant effects on defending behaviors. Social problem-solving skills directly affected defending behaviors of boys and girls. Girls’ peer acceptance mediated both emotional empathy and social problem-solving skills for defending behaviors, while no mediation effect was found in boys.Conclusion: For children, feeling accepted by classmates is important for defending bullied peers. For girls, peer acceptance magnifies their socio-emotional and socio-cognitive skills, empowering them to defend the bullied peers. However, for boys, having competent socio-cognitive skills alone is sufficient. Based on this study’s findings, it is recommended that interventions are needed to enhance bystanders’ emotional empathy and social problem-solving skills, and thereby, empowering them to be competent defenders against school bullying.

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LEAVY, AISLING, and DANIEL FRISCHEMEIER. "DEVELOPING THE STATISTICAL PROBLEM POSING AND PROBLEM REFINING SKILLS OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS." STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.226.

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Recent approaches to statistics education situate the teaching and learning of statistics within cycles of statistical inquiry. Learners pose questions, plan, and collect, represent, analyse and interpret data. We focus on the first step – posing statistical questions. Posing statistical questions is a critical step as questions inform the types of data collected, determine the representations used, and influence the interpretations that can be made. We report on an investigation of 158 prospective elementary teachers as they design statistical questions to support group comparisons. Support was provided through implementation of three phases of question development (think, peer-feedback, and expert-feedback). We describe the features of initial statistical questions posed, examine refinements made to statistical questions, and evaluate the effectiveness of both peer and expert feedback. Our study reveals that generating adequate statistical questions is particularly complex and requires considerable time, targeted feedback, and support. With appropriate support, in the form of peer and expert feedback provided within a three-phase question design scenario, prospective elementary teachers could generate adequate statistical questions suitable for use in primary classrooms. While this study provides compelling evidence to support the use of expert feedback, further research is required to identify the best ways to support prospective teachers in both providing and implementing peer-feedback.

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DISHION, THOMAS J., BERNADETTE MARIE BULLOCK, and ISABELA GRANIC. "Pragmatism in modeling peer influence: Dynamics, outcomes, and change processes." Development and Psychopathology 14, no. 4 (November 27, 2002): 969–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579402004169.

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This paper reviews the model-building approach to developmental psychopathology as it applies to understanding the influence of peers on adolescent problem behavior. Considerable longitudinal evidence suggests that deviant peer involvement is prognostic of escalations in various forms of problem behavior, including substance use, delinquent behavior, and violence. Most convincing, however, are data from randomized intervention trials that show alarming iatrogenic effects for aggregating high-risk peers. This paper shows that intervention research can also clarify the role of parents in reducing deviant peer involvement. Results from a 4-year prevention trial are reported for a community sample of multiethnic middle school youth. Random assignment to family-centered services in a school Family Resource center produced reduced growth in deviant peer involvement. The extensiveness of the parenting intervention was correlated with reduced growth in deviant peer involvement, especially among high-risk youth. Findings are discussed with respect to developmental theory and the design of future intervention trials that clarify the role of adults in structuring the emerging adolescents' world of peers.

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Zhang, Lin, Xinyan Wei, Yanwen Huang, Haiping Huang, Xiong Fu, and Ruchuan Wang. "GT-Bidding: Group Trust Model of P2P Network Based on Bidding." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8842181.

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Due to the lack of trusted third parties as guarantees in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, how to ensure trusted transactions between peers has become a research hotspot. However, the open and distributed characteristics of P2P networks have brought challenges to network security, and there are problems such as node fraud and unavailability of services in the network. To solve the problem of how to select trusted transaction peers in P2P groups, a new trust model, GT-Bidding, is proposed in this paper. This model follows the bidding process of human society. First, each service peer applies for a group of guarantee peers and carries out credit mortgages for this service. Second, based on the entropy and TOPSIS method (Technology for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) approaching the ideal solution, a set of ideal trading sequences is selected. Then, the transaction impact function is used to assign weights to the selected guarantee peers and service nodes, respectively; thus, the comprehensive trust of each service node can be calculated. Finally, the service peer is verified using feedback based on the specific confidence level, which encourages the reputation of the service and its guarantee peers to update. Experiments show that GT-Bidding improves the successful transaction rate and resists complex attacks.

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Tureen, Amy, Erick Lemon, Joyce Martin, Starr Hoffman, Mindy Thuna, and Willie Miller. "Virtual cohorts: Peer support and problem-solving at a distance." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.5.232.

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A common challenge for administrative leaders in academic libraries is that we often have few peers within our organizations, and those that we do have may not be able to provide the dispassionate, unbiased feedback we need. The authors of this article, library leaders from across the United States and Canada, formed a virtual cohort for peer leader support and have found it to be transformative in approaching leadership challenges at our home institutions.

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He, Hong. "A Novel Data Consistence Model Based on Virtual Peers in Peer-to-Peer Systems." International Journal of e-Collaboration 16, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2020070101.

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In recent years, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become a promising paradigm to provide efficient storage service in distributed environments. Although its effectiveness has been proven in many areas, the data consistency problem in P2P systems are still an opening issue. This article proposes a novel data consistence model, virtual peers-based data consistency (VPDC), which introduces a set of virtual peers to provide guaranteed data consistency in decentralized and unstructured P2P systems. The VPDC model can be easily implemented in any P2P system without introducing any interference to data retrieval. Theoretical analysis on VPDC is presented to analyze its effectiveness and efficiency, and massive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of a VPDC model in a real-world P2P system. The results indicate that it can significantly improve the data consistence of P2P systems and outperform many similar approaches in various experimental settings.

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Al-Otaiby, Nehal, Afnan Alhindi, and Heba Kurdi. "AntTrust: An Ant-Inspired Trust Management System for Peer-to-Peer Networks." Sensors 22, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020533.

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In P2P networks, self-organizing anonymous peers share different resources without a central entity controlling their interactions. Peers can join and leave the network at any time, which opens the door to malicious attacks that can damage the network. Therefore, trust management systems that can ensure trustworthy interactions between peers are gaining prominence. This paper proposes AntTrust, a trust management system inspired by the ant colony. Unlike other ant-inspired algorithms, which usually adopt a problem-independent approach, AntTrust follows a problem-dependent (problem-specific) heuristic to find a trustworthy peer in a reasonable time. It locates a trustworthy file provider based on four consecutive trust factors: current trust, recommendation, feedback, and collective trust. Three rival trust management paradigms, namely, EigenTrust, Trust Network Analysis with Subjective Logic (TNA-SL), and Trust Ant Colony System (TACS), were tested to benchmark the performance of AntTrust. The experimental results demonstrate that AntTrust is capable of providing a higher and more stable success rate at a low running time regardless of the percentage of malicious peers in the network.

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Barton, Alison L., Jameson K. Hirsch, and M. Christine Lovejoy. "Peer Response to Messages of Distress." Crisis 34, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000169.

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Background: Suicidal young adults often confide their distress to peers. It is unclear, however, what types of assistance a friend may offer in response to various symptoms of distress as well as whether the sex of either individual affects responses. Aims: We examined open-ended responses to e-mail vignettes from a fictitious friend exhibiting depressed, irritable, or overtly suicidal communications. Method: College student participants (n = 106) read e-mail messages from a fictitious friend, to which they composed a reply. Replies were coded to reflect the presence/absence of mention of professional help, problem-oriented (personal) help, and social support. Results: Problem-oriented help was offered the most across conditions; professional help was offered least in response to depressed or irritable vignettes. Women were more likely to offer any type of help than men. Patterns of help-giving and sex differences in help-giving varied by condition. Conclusions: Results indicate students’ preferences for solving peer problems personally rather than professionally. Campus prevention and intervention efforts should focus on enhancing students’ peer support and referral skills.

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Farmer, Thomas W. "Misconceptions of Peer Rejection and Problem Behavior." Remedial and Special Education 21, no. 4 (July 2000): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193250002100401.

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Comer, Debra R., and Michael Schwartz. "The problem of humiliation in peer review." Ethics and Education 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.913341.

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García, Jose A., Rosa Rodriguez-Sánchez, and Joaquín Fdez-Valdivia. "The principal-agent problem in peer review." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (May 2, 2014): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.23169.

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Mohr, Andrea. "Family Variables Associated with Peer Victimization: Does Family Violence Enhance the Probability of Being Victimized by Peers?" Swiss Journal of Psychology 65, no. 2 (June 2006): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.65.2.107.

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This study was designed to examine the effects of family experiences (family violence, family conflict, parental affection and support) on peer victimization and to explore whether linkages between family variables and peer victimization are mediated by the development of internalizing problems and inappropriate reactions to peer aggression. Self-report data were collected from 446 boys and 287 girls attending the 5th to 10th grade (mean age = 13.3 years). Results show that non-victimized aggressors, aggressive and non-aggressive victims report more negative family experiences and more internalizing problem behavior than matched controls. Results of structural equation modeling show that the effects of the family variables differ from each other and only family violence seems to increase the probability of being victimized by peers.

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Ismail, Anis, and Aziz Barbar. "A Simulation Framework for P2P Queries Routing for E-Business." International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeei.2012040103.

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On-line business transaction processing systems have so far been based on centralized or client-server architectures. The growing interest in Peer-to-Peer centralized or decentralized systems has inspired numerous research activities, though in a schema-based Peer-to-Peer (P2P) system, locating Peers (services) relevant to a given query is a basic problem for which different routing strategies of queries have been proposed. In this paper, the architecture, based on (Super-) Peers, is proposed, with a special focus on query routing. For an efficient query routing, (Super-) Peers having similar interests are grouped together and called Super-Super-Peers (SSP). Super-Peers submit queries that are often processed by members of this group. A SSP is a specific Super-Peer that contains knowledge about 1) its Super-Peers, and 2) the other SSP. Using data mining techniques knowledge is extracted by processing queries of Peers that transit on the network. The advantage of this distributed knowledge is that it avoids making semantic mapping between heterogeneous data sources owned by (Super-) Peers each time the system decides to route query to other (Super-) Peers.

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Pires, Carlos Eduardo Santos, Rocir Marcos Leite Santiago, Ana Carolina Salgado, Zoubida Kedad, and Mokrane Bouzeghoub. "Ontology-Based Clustering in a Peer Data Management System." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdst.2012040101.

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Peer Data Management Systems (PDMSs) are advanced P2P applications in which each peer represents an autonomous data source making available an exported schema to be shared with other peers. Query answering in PDMSs can be improved if peers are efficiently disposed in the overlay network according to the similarity of their content. The set of peers can be partitioned into clusters, so as the semantic similarity among the peers participating into the same cluster is maximal. The creation and maintenance of clusters is a challenging problem in the current stage of development of PDMSs. This work proposes an incremental peer clustering process. The authors present a PDMS architecture designed to facilitate the connection of new peers according to their exported schema described by an ontology. The authors propose a clustering process and the underlying algorithm. The authors present and discuss some experimental results on peer clustering using the approach.

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Drabecki, Mariusz, and Eugeniusz Toczyłowski. "Multi-Objective Approach for Managing Uncertain Delivery from Renewable Energy Sources within a Peer-to-Peer Energy Balancing Architecture." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030675.

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On the energy markets, conscious customers may exist who are not only interested in minimising the cost of energy purchase, but, simultaneously, in optimising some other quality criteria (arising from ecological concerns, or social responsibility of the energy producers). In this paper, we develop both a mathematical optimisation problem and a market framework for balancing a power system in a peer-to-peer market setup, where product differentiation can be considered directly on the market. Thus, origins of energy may be clearly identified, and product quality characteristics can be understood by various actors (including households). We derive a multi-objective (mixed-integer) linear programming optimisation problem for balancing the energy system in a peer-to-peer energy trading environment, where not only the cost but also other additional quality criteria are considered. We have identified many possible actors to be present within the proposed market setup. They include consumers, producers, brokers and flexible prosumers with storage. The approach was tested on the IEEE 30-bus standard test system, over three different scenarios, by analysing the impact of various actors/peers activities and different extensions. It has been shown that a multi-objective energy balancing scheme may be developed through crafted optimisation problem and that each type of studied peers may bring some added value to the power system balancing.

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Wei, Xinyuan, Jun-ya Gotoh, and Stan Uryasev. "Peer-To-Peer Lending: Classification in the Loan Application Process." Risks 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks6040129.

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This paper studies the peer-to-peer lending and loan application processing of LendingClub. We tried to reproduce the existing loan application processing algorithm and find features used in this process. Loan application processing is considered a binary classification problem. We used the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for evaluation of algorithms. Features were transformed with splines for improving the performance of algorithms. We considered three classification algorithms: logistic regression, buffered AUC (bAUC) maximization, and AUC maximization.With only three features, Debt-to-Income Ratio, Employment Length, and Risk Score, we obtained an AUC close to 1. We have done both in-sample and out-of-sample evaluations. The codes for cross-validation and solving problems in a Portfolio Safeguard (PSG) format are in the Appendix. The calculation results with the data and codes are posted on the website and are available for downloading.

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