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1
Bu, De Jun, Fu Ju Liu, and Miao Lin. "Vehicle-Pedestrian Accidents Characteristic Analysis and Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper summarizes the character of vehicle-pedestrian accidents based on the statistics and analysis on the data of vehicle-pedestrian accidents selected from China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS) database. Pedestrian Accidents Characteristic is analyzed and studied. It has great significance for improving vehicle safety.
2
Cheng, Rui, Ye Pan, and Lian Xie. "Analysis of Vehicle-Pedestrian Accident Risk Based on Simulation Experiments." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 29, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7891232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle-pedestrian accidents are one of the main types of road traffic accidents in China because of their mixed traffic features. By analyzing the characteristics of vehicle-pedestrian accidents, the head injury criterion (HIC) was selected as a quantitative index of pedestrian head injury risk, and vehicle-pedestrian collision simulation tests were carried out using PC-Crash. From the collected test data, the multivariate relationship models between the HIC, vehicle speed, and collision angle were fitted for different vehicle types. A risk assessment method for vehicle-pedestrian accidents based on the HIC was proposed by the Fisher optimal segmentation algorithm. Finally, a new index for evaluating the accuracy of accident risk classification, the degree of error classification, was proposed to verify the validity of the accident risk assessment method. The results show that vehicle speed, collision angle, and vehicle type play a key role in pedestrian injury. Flat-headed vehicles are more likely to cause head injuries to pedestrians than high-headed and low-headed vehicles. Rear-end collisions cause more injuries to pedestrians than side collisions. The research results can provide guidance and a basis for accident liability determination, speed limit management, vehicle safety design, and human injury mechanism analysis.
3
Eck, Ronald W., and E. Darin Simpson. "Using Medical Records in Non-Motor-Vehicle Pedestrian Accident Identification and Countermeasure Development." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1538, no. 1 (January 1996): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153800107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using emergency room and emergency medical service records in quantifying rural non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents and in developing countermeasures to reduce injuries resulting from such accidents. A literature review indicated that although non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents are a significant injury problem in the United States, there does not appear to be an effective process for collecting data about those accidents that corresponds to the data collection methods used at present for motor-vehicle accidents. A multistep process for obtaining detailed pedestrian accident data using a combination of medical records and telephone surveys is described. Data collection was time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, it was concluded that it is not practical for traffic engineers to use medical records on a routine basis for pedestrian accident analysis. The method outlined yields a data base rich in details about pedestrian fall accidents, making it valuable in research. Whereas the results of the telephone survey did not produce a large enough sample size to extrapolate to pedestrian accidents in general, they did point out the importance of surface condition to pedestrian safety. Two general types of surface-condition problems were identified: slippery surfaces caused by accumulation of snow and ice and surface holes or openings.
4
Lin, Qing Feng, Bo Cheng, and Guang Quan Lu. "Analysis of Characteristics of Vehicle-Bicycle/Pedestrian Conflicts Using Video Drive Recorder." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle accidents account for a large proportion of traffic accidents in China. In order to study the characteristics of vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle conflicts, 50 taxis are chosen as the test vehicles. A field-test was conducted using video driver recorder in Beijing for one year. A large amount of traffic conflict and accident data was collected in real driving environment. Considering the factors including conflict type, conflict time, conflict location, traffic control and conflict speed etc., the traffic conflict characteristics of vehicle to pedestrian/bicycle were analyzed. The results might contribute to the road safety management, road design and accident prevention technology.
5
Juozevičiūtė, Dainora, and Vytautas Grigonis. "Evaluation of Exclusive Pedestrian Phase Safety Performance at One-Level Signalized Intersections in Vilnius." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 7894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aims to identify the effectiveness of one-level signalized intersections with exclusive pedestrian phases in terms of vehicle-pedestrian crashes resulting in pedestrian injury or fatality. The work analyzes and evaluates specific exclusive pedestrian phases without diagonal crossing possibility at one-level signalized intersections in the city of Vilnius. Anonymized data on traffic accidents from the Lithuanian Police Department Accident Register were used for safety analysis purposes. The traffic accident data cover all traffic accidents with dead or injured persons. The traffic accident data was analyzed with the help of QGIS for selected time intervals (before and after analysis). The density of traffic accidents was calculated with the help of the comparative analysis method at 11 signalized intersections in Vilnius City, where an exclusive pedestrian phase without diagonal crossing was implemented. An exclusive pedestrian phase with diagonal crossing is usually implemented to increase pedestrian safety at a signalized intersection with a high pedestrian intensity. The analysis carried out indicates that the specific exclusive pedestrian phase without diagonal crossings in Vilnius reduced pedestrian traffic accidents by up to 100%. No traffic accidents occurred after the installation of the exclusive pedestrian phase at intersections where there were no pedestrian accidents prior to the installation.
6
Wang, Jianyu, Huapu Lu, Zhiyuan Sun, Tianshi Wang, and Katrina Wang. "Investigating the Impact of Various Risk Factors on Victims of Traffic Accidents." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, our goal was to determine the impact of various risk factors on traffic accidents in the city of Shenyang, China, and to discuss the various common factors that influence pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents. A total of 1227 traffic accidents from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed, of which, 733 were accidents involving pedestrians and 494 were non-motor vehicle accidents. Among these traffic accidents, pedestrians and non-motor vehicle users had either minor or no responsibility. Sixteen influencing factors, including main responsible party attributes, pedestrian/non-motor vehicle user attributes, time attributes, space attributes, and environmental attributes were analyzed with regards to their impact on accidents using the binary logistic regression model (BLR) and the classification and regression tree analysis model (CART). Age, administrative division, and time of year were the three most common factors for pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents. For pedestrian accidents, the personal influencing factors of the main responsible party included illegal acts while driving and hit-and-run behavior. Factors affecting pedestrian and non-motor vehicle accidents also had different orders of importance.
7
Al-Omari, Bashar H., and Eman S. Obaidat. "Analysis of Pedestrian Accidents in Irbid City, Jordan." Open Transportation Journal 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801307010001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The numbers of people who are walking and bicycling continues to increase all over the world and pedestrian accidents are becoming a serious problem in the developed and developing countries. However, the problem is more severe in the developing countries, such as Jordan where pedestrians represented 32.5% of all traffic accident fatalities and 23.8% of all traffic accident injuries during the year 2010. This study aims at analyzing pedestrian accidents in Irbid city, as an example for urban areas in Jordan, based on a total of 1090 pedestrian accidents that have occurred in the City during the three years period (1999 - 2001). The analysis was based on pedestrian characteristics, driver characteristics, accident time, accident location, weather, road surface condition, illumination condition, vehicle characteristics, speed limit, accident severity, pedestrian faults, and driver faults. Geographic Information System (GIS) tool was used to locate all pedestrian accidents over the study area. The results of the study showed that the majority of pedestrian accidents have occurred at non-intersection locations, during clear and sunny weather, on dry surface, during daylight, and at low speed limits. Also, more pedestrian accidents have occurred during the afternoons, on Thursdays, and during July. The majority of involved drivers in pedestrian accidents were males, with private license type, driving private vehicles and committed the fault of “not giving priority to pedestrians”. The majority of pedestrian victims were males, children less than 15 years old, and hit by vehicles while crossing the road.
8
Yuan, Quan, Rui Guo, and Yi Bing Li. "Simulative Research on the Influence of Vehicle Brake Deceleration on the Throw Distance Property of Human-Vehicle Accidents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Braking deceleration of passenger-car has great influence on the pedestrian motion process after collision of human-vehicle accident, but it is considered not enough in current accident reconstruction and vehicle-speed analysis. In order to improve the accuracy of accident reconstruction, a computer simulation model of pedestrian-vehicle accidents based on finite element (FE) method and human parameters of Chinese adult human body is established. In this article, based on the FE model, human-vehicle crash is simulated through involving the influence of braking deceleration of passenger-car. For the application of the vehicle-speed analysis, the motion performance of pedestrian after collision were studied and the correlation between the pedestrian throw distance and vehicle impact speed are investigated. The influence of braking deceleration in same impact speed is analyzed. Research results show that the vehicle brake deceleration has a certain influence on the throw distance of pedestrian and it should be taken into account on the accident reconstruction. We can conclude that pedestrian throw distance can be used to estimate the vehicle collision speed accurately when drivers take full braking measure during the crash.
9
Hafeez, Farrukh, Usman Ullah Sheikh, Saud Al-Shammari, Muhammad Hamid, Abdul Baqi Khan Khakwani, and Zeeshan Ahmad Arfeen. "Comparative analysis of influencing factors on pedestrian road accidents." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i1.4312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Road accident data includes detailed information about incidents that occurred, such as where they happened, the severity of the accident, and the number of people on the road at the time. Such information is useful in determining the causes of accidents and developing potential countermeasures. This research aims to determine the factors that contribute to pedestrian fatalities and injuries in traffic accidents. This study examined 150 pedestrian-vehicle accidents that took place between 1990 and 2021 in forty countries. Eleven factors have been identified as the major causes of accidents. The categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) technique is used to reduce the number of dimensions and identify the elements that contribute to accidents. The eleven variables are classified into three groups: human factors, roadway environment, and vehicle attributes. The study found that car speed, weather, lighting, traffic conditions, area types, accident locations, and road conditions all had a significant impact on pedestrian accidents and fatalities. The findings show that a pedestrian's state (walking, running) and intention significantly increase the risk of serious injuries and death. The analysis of the driver's status suggests that the driver's intentions may also play a role in car accidents.
10
XU, SHA, XIANLONG JIN, CHUANG QIN, and XIANGHAI CHAI. "PERSONALIZED CUSTOMIZATION METHOD OF HYBRID HUMAN MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN-VEHICLE ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 21, no. 02 (February 16, 2021): 2150009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519421500093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traffic accident reconstruction is a reverse dynamic problem, which requires hundreds of iterations to reconstruct the whole process of accident. However, in current pedestrian-vehicle accident reconstructions, it is difficult to quickly establish a pedestrian model based on specific cases, and it is hard to solve the contradiction between calculation accuracy and calculation time. In this paper, a personalized pedestrian customization method is proposed. First, the pedestrian structure is divided into independent modules according to obvious bony markers. For each independent module, multi-body (MB) model and finite element (FE) model are established, respectively. Then the appropriate modules are selected to form the whole hybrid pedestrian model. This method can customize the structure of pedestrian model according to the injury characteristics of pedestrians in specific accidents, and customize the parameters of pedestrian model according to the height and weight of pedestrians. The impact simulation tests are carried out on hybrid pedestrian models to verify the reliability of the models. The proposed method can effectively improve the modeling efficiency of pedestrian models and the reconstruction quality of pedestrian traffic accidents.
11
Gëzim, Hoxha, Shala Ahmet, Likaj Ramë, and Bajrami Xhevahir. "Mathematical Model for Velocity Calculation of Three Types of Vehicles in the Case of Pedestrian Crash." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper treats influencing factors in the determination of vehicles speed on the pedestrian crash moment according to pedestrian throw distance and formulates a mathematical model for vehicle speed determination. Vehicle speed is one of the highest causes of accidents. The mathematical model formulation (as the target of this paper) for velocity calculation, in the case of pedestrian accidents, presents great help and guidance to experts of this field when dealing with accident analysis that through accurate determination of this parameter to find other circumstances as close as possible to the technical process of pedestrian accidents. The target of this paper is to define a mathematical model formulation for vehicle velocity calculation in pedestrian crash moment depending on relevant parameters. For the purpose of model formulating, we have selected three cases of real accidents that involved vehicles (“Peugeot 307”, “VW Golf ” and “Mercedes E 220”) with different geometrical parameters of the front profile and pedestrians with different heights and weights. For regression analysis we used “R” and “SPSS” software, which enables the statistical analysis of the data and mathematical model formulation. Also, for analysis of impact of relevant factors, model formulation and model testing have used “Virtual Crash” and “PC Crash” software, which enables pedestrian-vehicle crash simulation using vehicles with real technical characteristics and various pedestrian characteristics. Inductive, comparative, and deductive methods are part of the research methods in this paper.
12
Wang, Qiu Cheng, Zhou Kai Xie, Wei Guo Liu, and Hai Tao Xiao. "Research on Simulation and Reconstruction of Vehicle-Pedestrian Collision Based on Multi-Body Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 487 (March 2012): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle-pedestrian collision is a major type traffic accident in China, which has been attracted close attention by people because of its high fatality rate. However, it is difficult for traffic management department to reconstruct such kind of accident. In this paper, a methodology for simulation of vehicle-pedestrian accidents based on the multi-body dynamics is presented. A multi-body dummy pedestrian model is established based on PC-CRASH programs, the features that represent the different parts of the pedestrian are defined such as geometry, mass, contact stiffness and coefficients of friction. And more the model is introduced to simulate the collision in a real case of vehicle-pedestrian accident in Hangzhou. Different impact speeds are discussed to predict the different throwing distance of the pedestrian. The relation curves and equations between pedestrian’s throwing distance and vehicle impact speed are established from regression analyses of the simulation data. Finally, the impact speed is estimated with correspond to the exact pedestrian throwing distance.
13
Saulić, Nenad, Zoran Papić, and Zoran Ovcin. "Pedestrian Throw Distance Prediction from Vehicle Damage Intensity." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i3.3312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the main points to be addressed when analysing vehicle-pedestrian collisions is the vehicle impact speed. If the traffic accident is not recorded on camera, and there are no skid marks nor tachograph in the vehicle, the parameter is determined on the basis of empirical models. All empirical models for ascertaining vehicle speed are based on the pedestrian throw distance, which is not always known because of an unidentified vehicle-pedestrian collision point or the final rest position of the pedestrian after collision. This paper shows a description of a vehicle damage recorded in an ordinal scale and determines the pedestrian throw distance prediction model from the vehicle damage established in such a way. If the accident scene is documented by photographs, the damage can be classified, and by applying a validated model, the pedestrian throw distance envisaged. Then, by applying an empirical model, one can determine the speed of the vehicle at the time of collision with a pedestrian. Two databases were formed during the research. The first is based on real-life traffic accidents (expert witnessing of the professors from the Faculty of Technical Sciences). The second is based on traffic accident simulations as part of PC Crash software package.
14
Zivot, Udelle, and Vincent J. M. Di Maio. "Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Accidents in Adults." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 14, no. 3 (September 1993): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199309000-00002.
Повний текст джерела
15
M, DASZYKOWSKI, and SIEDLECKA S. "ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS IN POLAND." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 50 (2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-011-021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pedestrian crossings today are an indispensable element of the road infrastructure. There are more and more of them. The reason for this state of affairs is the constantly constant level of pedestrian intensity and the need to change the path of the footpath. Pedestrian accidents occur as a result of many factors related to weather conditions or the technical condition of the vehicle. However, in Poland, most often the event happens due to human error, then the driver of a car or a pedestrian. In addition, the high accident rate depends on poor road infrastructure. Unfortunately, a pedestrian is the victim of every third accident in our country. Pedestrians are among the group of vulnerable road users in which participation in an accident has very serious consequences. The importance of this problem can be demonstrated by the fact that 270,000 pedestrians are killed on the world's roads every year. Globally, almost 22% of all fatalities are from pedestrian accidents, and this is an average value, as there are countries where this percentage exceeds 66%. Pedestrian safety is a serious problem on Polish roads. In Poland, most pedestrian accidents occur at pedestrian crossings. This is where pedestrians and vehicles cross, creating a risk of collisions between these road users. These accidents are caused by insufficient visibility of the driver and pedestrians. The analysis of police statistics made it possible to assess the effectiveness of factors aimed at improving road safety at pedestrian crossings. The main one is traffic light. Thanks to him, pedestrian crossings are safer. A big problem, which is still significant, is the concentration of pedestrian’s attention on phone screens. To prevent collisions with pedestrians, they do not monitor their safety when crossing the road, there are special programs for phones, the use of advertising campaigns, the installation of LED strips or the use of 3D strips. KEYWORDS: PEDESTRIAN, PEDESTRIAN CROSSING, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD ACCIDENTS, CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS WITH PEDESTRIANS.
16
Koch, W., and M. Howard. "Comprehensive approach to increased pedestrian safety in pedestrian—car accidents." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440703322114898.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen a finite element pedestrian humanoid model for use in pedestrian accident simulations was constructed in LS-DYNA3D. Validation of the humanoid model shows the ability to predict fractures and to examine the influence on injuries and injury reduction. The pedestrian accident simulation models can predict general injury mechanisms (shear, bending and fracture) by virtue of the construction philosophy and are thus capable of being used as vehicle engineering development tools. To improve further the understanding of the kinematics of pedestrian accidents and to optimize the computer simulation program it is necessary to collect a set of highly detailed real-world data. At present such data are either unavailable or not sufficiently accurate for this purpose. To meet these targets the In-Depth Medical Pedestrian Accident Investigation and Reconstruction Study has been established.
17
Poltavskaya, Yuliya. "METHODOLOGY EXPERT STUDY OF ROAD TRANSPORT ACCIDENT WITH PEDESTRIAN RIDING." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 15 (January 12, 2022): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2021-1-15-159-164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents a methodology for an expert study of a road accident with a collision with a pedestrian, which is aimed at determining whether a vehicle driver has the technical ability to avoid a collision in a specific situation. In addition, an analysis of methods is presented with a description of the stages of research and patterns of movement of a vehicle and a pedestrian before the occurrence of an accident. The presented technique can be used by experts in the investigation of road accidents
18
Tortum, Ahmet, and Alireza Motamadnia. "Modeling and Analyzing the Factors Affecting the Mortality of Pedestrians in Urban Accidents." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmce-2018-0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The nature of urban and rural accidents has been different from each other in some of the factors and even the severity of damage rate, mayhem, and death. In this research, using statistical methods and binary logistic regression model, we have addressed to analyze important parameters such as age, gender, education level, the color of the pedestrian dress, season of accident, time of accident, the speed of the vehicle colliding with pedestrians and road surface conditions at the time of accident on the way of death (at the scene of the incident or in the hospital) pedestrians who have been traumatized. After the creation of the binary logistic regression model, it was determined that only the parameters of speed and the accident time have been significant in the level less than 5%. And other parameters such as age, gender, the season of accident occurrence, the color of the pedestrian dress, road surface conditions and education level had no significant effect in terms of statistical on the incidence of mortality arising from a pedestrian accident with the motor vehicle. The results revealed that by adopting decisions related to the traffic calming, attention to passages lighting and brightness the mortality rate of a pedestrian due to the urban accidents can be reduced.
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Feng, Cheng Jian, Kui Li, and Zhi Yong Yin. "A Method to Evaluate Vehicle Impact Speeds in Passenger Car-Pedestrian Accidents." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aimed to research the relationship between the wrap around distance (WAD) to head contact and vehicle impact speed based on real pedestrian traffic accidents with video. A team was established to collect passenger car-pedestrian accident cases occurring between July 2011 and July 2015 in Chongqing, China. A total of 15 pedestrian crashes were selected into the sample. Impact speeds were calculated by a video analysis technology, and the WAD was revised according to the average height of pedestrians involved in the sample. The relationship between the WAD and impact speed was analyzed using linear regression analysis. We propose a method to evaluate the impact speed in passenger car-pedestrian. These results will contribute to the development of judicial identification and research of pedestrian injury.
20
Kingma, Johannes. "Age and Gender Distributions of Pedestrian Accidents across the Life-Span." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1680.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Causes of pedestrian accidents ( N = 534) were investigated for patients treated for injuries at the emergency unit of a hospital. Accidents in collisions with motor vehicles were the main cause (87.8%). Young children (0–9 years old) and the elderly (above 60 years of age) are the most vulnerable in terms of mortality rates observed in these age groups. Preponderance of males in pedestrian accidents was observed in the accident categories of collisions with motor vehicle and bicycle, whereas a slight preponderance of females was found in collisions with other traffic. The predominant age groups were located in the range from 0 through 19 years.
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Li, Fan, Honggeng Li, Fuhao Mo, Sen Xiao, and Zhi Xiao. "INVESTIGATION ON RISK PREDICTION OF PEDESTRIAN HEAD INJURY BY REAL-WORLD ACCIDENTS." Transport 34, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Head injury is the most common and fatal injury in car-pedestrian accidents. Due to the lack of human test data, real-world accident data is useful for the research on the mechanism and tolerance of head injuries. The objective of the present work is to investigate pedestrian head-brain injuries through real car-pedestrian accidents and evaluate the existed injury criteria. Seven car-to-pedestrian accidents in China were selected from the IVAC (Investigation of Vehicle Accident in Changsha) database. Accident reconstructions using multi-body models were conducted to determine the kinematic parameters associated with the injury and were used to measure head injury criteria. Kinematic parameters were input into a finite element model to run simulations on the head-brain and car interface to determine levels of brain tissue stress, strain, and brain tissue injury criteria. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the probability of head injury risk associated with AIS3+ injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale). The results showed that head injury criteria using kinematic parameters can effectively predict injury risk of a pedestrians’ head skull. Regarding brain injuries, physical parameters like coup/countercoup pressure are more effective predictors. The results of this study can be used as the background knowledge for pedestrian friendly car design.
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Zhang, Zhen, Gui Fan Zhao, Na Yang, and Xiao Cheng. "Regression Analysis of Pedestrian Fatality Risk and Impact Speed." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1300–1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to study the relationship between pedestrian fatality risk and impact speed in domestic pedestrian traffic accidents. According to the frontal shapes of domestic vehicles, this paper divided the vehicle types into long head car, short head car and flat car. Used in-depth accident study method to collect a large number of actual traffic accidents cases. The logistic regression models of pedestrian fatality risk and impact speed of long head car, short head car and flat car were established. The Wald Chi-Square test was used to validate the accuracy of the model. The results shows: The long head car corresponds to the lowest pedestrian fatality risk, the flat car corresponds to the highest values. Compared with developed countries, the developed emergency and medical care play an important role in reducing the pedestrian fatality risk.
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Pradeep. R, Mr Nale. "Automated Pneumatic Braking and Bumper System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automobiles have been used to move human beings or things and the automobile technology has been developed within the last few years. The traffic accidents are increasing as automobile production has been increasing. The number of casualties during the vehicle accidents is very large as compared to the other causes of death. It is important to prevent accidents and to protect the driver and pedestrian when accidents occur. Though there are different causes for these accidents but proper technology of braking system and technology to reduce the damage during accident (such as pneumatic bumper system) can be effective on the accident rates. Therefore, pre-crashing system is demanded. Automotive safety has gained an increasing amount of interest from the general public, governments, and the car industry. The pre-crash system is to prevent accidents on roads with poor visibility by using sensor network to find invisible vehicles, which are to be detected by autonomous on-vehicle sensors. The pre-crashing system is processing the sensor data and controlling the vehicle to prevent accidents and accidents caused by careless driving. The pneumatic system is simple and easy in operation and hence can be used in automation industry.
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Bhutiani, Neal, Keith R. Miller, Matthew V. Benns, Nicholas A. Nash, Glen A. Franklin, Jason W. Smith, Brian G. Harbrecht, and Matthew C. Bozeman. "Correlating Geographic Location with Incidence of Motor Vehicle–Induced Pedestrian Injury." American Surgeon 84, no. 6 (June 2018): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808400664.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To date, no studies have examined the relationship between geographic and socioeconomic factors and the frequency of pedestrians sustaining traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of location on the frequency of pedestrian injury by motor vehicle. The University of Louisville Trauma Registry was queried for patients who had been struck by a motor vehicle from 2010 to 2015. Demographic and injury information as well as outcome measures were evaluated to identify those impacting risk of pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents. Number of incidents was correlated with lower median household income. There was also a moderate correlation between the number of incidents and population density. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between increased median household income and distance from downtown Louisville and decreased risk of death following pedestrian versus motor vehicle accident. Incidence of pedestrian injury by motor vehicles is influenced by regional socioeconomic status. Efforts to decrease the frequency of these events should include further investigation into the mechanisms underpinning this relationship.
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Bhutiani, Neal, Keith R. Miller, Matthew V. Benns, Nicholas A. Nash, Glen A. Franklin, Jason W. Smith, Brian G. Harbrecht, and Matthew C. Bozeman. "Correlating Geographic Location with Incidence of Motor Vehicle–Induced Pedestrian Injury." American Surgeon 84, no. 8 (August 2018): 1376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808400855.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To date, no studies have examined the relationship between geographic and socioeconomic factors and the frequency of pedestrians sustaining traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of location on the frequency of pedestrian injury by motor vehicle. The University of Louisville Trauma Registry was queried for patients who had been struck by a motor vehicle from 2010 to 2015. Demographic and injury information as well as outcome measures were evaluated to identify those impacting risk of pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents. Number of incidents was correlated with lower median household income. There was also a moderate correlation between number of incidents and population density. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between increased median household income and distance from downtown Louisville and decreased risk of death after pedestrian versus motor vehicle accident. Incidence of pedestrian injury by motor vehicles is influenced by regional socioeconomic status. Efforts to decrease the frequency of these events should include further investigation into the mechanisms underpinning this relationship.
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Shen, J., and X.-L. Jin. "Improvement in numerical reconstruction for vehicle—pedestrian accidents." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 1 (January 2008): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto660.
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Zhou, Xiao, Hongyu Ren, Tingting Zhang, Xingang Mou, Yi He, and Ching-Yao Chan. "Prediction of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior Based on Surveillance Video." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041467.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prediction of pedestrian crossing behavior is an important issue faced by the realization of autonomous driving. The current research on pedestrian crossing behavior prediction is mainly based on vehicle camera. However, the sight line of vehicle camera may be blocked by other vehicles or the road environment, making it difficult to obtain key information in the scene. Pedestrian crossing behavior prediction based on surveillance video can be used in key road sections or accident-prone areas to provide supplementary information for vehicle decision-making, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. To this end, we propose a pedestrian crossing behavior prediction network for surveillance video. The network integrates pedestrian posture, local context and global context features through a new cross-stacked gated recurrence unit (GRU) structure to achieve accurate prediction of pedestrian crossing behavior. Applied onto the surveillance video dataset from the University of California, Berkeley to predict the pedestrian crossing behavior, our model achieves the best results regarding accuracy, F1 parameter, etc. In addition, we conducted experiments to study the effects of time to prediction and pedestrian speed on the prediction accuracy. This paper proves the feasibility of pedestrian crossing behavior prediction based on surveillance video. It provides a reference for the application of edge computing in the safety guarantee of automatic driving.
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Casado-Sanz, Natalia, Begoña Guirao, Antonio Lara Galera, and Maria Attard. "Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2019): 5194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195194.
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According to the Spanish General Traffic Accident Directorate, in 2017 a total of 351 pedestrians were killed, and 14,322 pedestrians were injured in motor vehicle crashes in Spain. However, very few studies have been conducted in order to analyse the main factors that contribute to pedestrian injury severity. This study analyses the accidents that involve a single vehicle and a single pedestrian on Spanish crosstown roads from 2006 to 2016 (1535 crashes). The factors that explain these accidents include infractions committed by the pedestrian and the driver, crash profiles, and infrastructure characteristics. As a preliminary tool for the segmentation of 1535 pedestrian crashes, a k-means cluster analysis was applied. In addition, multinomial logit (MNL) models were used for analysing crash data, where possible outcomes were fatalities and severe and minor injured pedestrians. According to the results of these models, the risk factors associated with pedestrian injury severity are as follows: visibility restricted by weather conditions or glare, infractions committed by the pedestrian (such as not using crossings, crossing unlawfully, or walking on the road), infractions committed by the driver (such as distracted driving and not respecting a light or a crossing), and finally, speed infractions committed by drivers (such as inadequate speed). This study proposes the specific safety countermeasures that in turn will improve overall road safety in this particular type of road.
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Guo, R., Q. Yuan, C. E. N. Sturgess, A. M. Hassan, Y. Li, and Y. Hu. "A study of an Asian anthropometric pedestrian in vehicle–pedestrian accidents using real-world accident data." International Journal of Crashworthiness 11, no. 6 (June 2006): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2006.0147.
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Febres, Juan Diego, Miguel Ángel Mariscal, Sixto Herrera, and Susana García-Herrero. "Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116439.
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Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.
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Cho, Moon-ki, and Yang-ha Chun. "High-Precision Position Protocol for Vehicle to Pedestrian Using 5G Networks." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 4648–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19309.
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In a 5G environment, it is possible to provide various services that have not been experienced before based on high-speed, ultra-low latency, high reliability, and ultra-connectivity infrastructure. In particular, intelligent convergence technology that provides high-quality services requires precise location measurement data with a very low error range. This includes high-precision data positioning in self-driving cars. Such a positioning data will enable driverless vehicles to run in a safer and more stable manner. At present, it is possible to measure the exact position of a vehicle through sensors and communication among cars using Global Positioning System (GPS) but it is still difficult to figure out the position between vehicles and pedestrians. Therefore, this paper proposes a communication protocol for Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P) services using 5G networks. This protocol may identify distances between the vehicle and the pedestrian by using signals to identify distances between the vehicle and the repeater, the repeater and the pedestrian, and the pedestrian and the pedestrian. And if you calculate the direction angle using triangulation, you can know the exact location. Based on this location information, the relationship that predicts the time when an accident occurs according to the change in the speed of the vehicle and the walking speed of the pedestrian was analyzed through simulation. According to the simulation results, it was confirmed that the speed of the vehicle and the speed of the pedestrian had a great influence on the time when the accident occurred. Therefore, it also affects the time when a warning message or warning sound should be sent to both the vehicle and the pedestrian, which means that it can actively respond to collisions between the vehicle and the person. In particular, it will be more useful if it is used with sensors when it is difficult to secure visibility due to low-speed intersections, crossings, child protection areas, and fog, and accidents will be reduced if the above-mentioned cases are prevented. In summary, this paper developed a protocol for high-precision positioning of pedestrians to prevent emergencies that may occur with pedestrians in autonomous driving based on the 5G communication network reflecting the structure of SDN. In addition, the correlation between the speed of the vehicle and the time when an emergency situation occurs according to the change in the walking speed of the pedestrian was analyzed through a simulation.
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Oţăt, Oana Victoria, and Victor Oţăt. "Determining the Projection Throw Distance of a Pedestrian upon the Collision with a Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.461.
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Recent statistics on the main causes of road traffic accidents and subsequently the main causes of victims’ injuries which may ultimately lead to fatalities, indicate that within urban areas the first place is occupied by prohibited road-crossing, accounting for over 20% of the causes for road traffic accidents. Hence, one of the major direct consequences arising is the severe injury of the pedestrians-up to their fatalities-due to prohibited road crossing through unauthorized places. Thus, the present paper underpins a research study on the vehicle-pedestrian collision, based on a statistical analysis of the pedestrian model, most frequently involved in road traffic accidents. The statistical analysis will be then reinforced by a theoretical study regarding this type of collision. In order to validate the mathematical model, applied to determine the projection throw distance of a pedestrian, we have also proposed a virtual simulation of the vehicle - pedestrian collision, described within the last section of the present research paper.
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Maki, Tetsuo, Janusz Kajzer, Koji Mizuno, and Yasufumi Sekine. "Comparative analysis of vehicle–bicyclist and vehicle–pedestrian accidents in Japan." Accident Analysis & Prevention 35, no. 6 (November 2003): 927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00101-x.
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Oikawa, Shoko, and Yasuhiro Matsui. "Features of serious pedestrian injuries in vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents in Japan." International Journal of Crashworthiness 22, no. 2 (October 21, 2016): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2016.1244230.
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Matsui, Yasuhiro, Tsutomu Doi, Shoko Oikawa, and Kenichi Ando. "Features of Fatal Pedestrian Injuries in Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Accidents in Japan." SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety 1, no. 2 (April 8, 2013): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0777.
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He, Xing Xing, Lei Ding, Ping Wang, Fu Qiang Liu, and Xin Hong Wang. "A Driver-Assistance System for Large Vehicles Based on Pedestrian and Vehicle Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3884.
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Apply driving assistance system to vehicles can significantly reduce accidences and thus attracts much interest nowadays. However, most existing systems are designed specifically for small vehicles and always suffer from drawbacks such as low pedestrian and vehicle detection accuracy and long detection time. To solve these issues, in this paper we develop a driver assistance system based on radar and camera, which can be applied to large vehicles and can detect vehicle and pedestrian simultaneously. Specifically, we combine the image subtraction technique and histogram algorithm to perform pedestrian and vehicle detection to improve detection rate. What’s more, this system can automatically determine whether the object is inside a danger region. If yes, an associated warning signal will be triggered to alarm the driver. Experimental results show that the successful detection rate is sufficiently good and the detecting speed is fast enough to timely alarm the driver to avoid accidents.
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Williams, James S., Jonathan A. Graff, and Justin M. Uku. "Pedestrian Intoxication and Fatal Traffic Accident Injury Patterns." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00041637.
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AbstractIntroduction:Sixteen percent of all motor-vehicle fatalities are pedestrian, and accidents involving pedestrians are associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Classic pedestrian injury patterns have been described. However, it has been suggested that the pattern may differ if the pedestrian is intoxicated. The role of pedestrian intoxication on motor-vehicle accident injury patterns has not been well-delineated.Hypothesis:Intoxicated pedestrian traffic victims have an injury pattern that is more serious and more rapidly fatal than is the pattern for nondrinking victims.Methods:Autopsies of 223 consecutive pedestrian victims were reviewed and grouped according to the presence of alcohol in the blood: Group I, Negative (n = 165); Group II, Positive (n = 58). Gender, age, anatomic injuries, survival time, time of day, and year also were examined.Results:Results indicated that there were more males in Group II (79%) than in Group I (64%); younger victims, younger than 40 years old, in Group II (70%) than in Group I (34%); fewer victims older than 60 years old in Group II (8%) than in Group I (38%). Group II sustained more frequent and more severe injuries—two times the frequency of the cervical spine, liver, upper and lower extremity, pelvic and rib fractures and thoracolumbar spine injuries; three times more aortic injuries; five times more heart injuries. Death occurred within 24 hours in 95% of those in Group II and in 67% of those in Group I. Accidents occurred from 1500h to 2300h in 67% of Group II and in 53% of Group I victims.Conclusion:Intoxicated pedestrian accident victims are predominantly young men, struck between 1500h and 0700h; they have an injury pattern that is two to five times more serious than is the pattern for the sober victims.
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Vipul N, Ambade, B. Sirsat Kunal, and Manu Sharma. "Pattern of injuries in different types of victims of road traffic accident in central India: A comparative study." Journal of Forensic Science and Research 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001021.
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Death due to road traffic accident (RTA) was one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India. In the present cross-sectional study, only the victim using two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and pedestrians were included for comparison to determine the pattern of injuries in these victims of the road traffic accident. There was a predominance of males in all three types of victims of RTA with a peak age of incidence seen in 21-30 years in two-wheeler victims, 41-50 years in four-wheeler victims, and 51-60 years in pedestrian victims. Four-wheeler (HMV/LMV) was the commonest type of offending vehicle involved in all types of victims with collision/ dash as the commonest manner of an accident. Head was the commonest region involved in pedestrian and two-wheeler victims as compared to the thorax in four-wheeler victims of accidents. Abrasion was the commonest surface injury in two-wheeler victims and pedestrians. The laceration was more common in two-wheeler victims as compared to crushed injury in pedestrian victims of road traffic accidents. The brain was the commonest organ involved in two-wheeler and pedestrian as compared to lungs in four-wheeler victims. The liver and spleen were more commonly involved in two-wheeler victims as compared to kidneys and bladder in pedestrian
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Walczak, Stanisław. "Wypadki z udziałem pieszych – możliwości rekonstrukcji w programie V-Sim 5.0." Paragraf na Drodze, no. 3/2022 (December 30, 2022): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/15053520pnd.22.019.16989.
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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji przebiegu rzeczywistych wypadków z udziałem niechronionych uczestników ruchu w nowej wersji programu V-Sim 5.0. W symulacjach wykorzystano wielobryłowy model pieszego. Przeanalizowano wpływ poszczególnych parametrów modelu, a także parametrów ruchu pieszego oraz względnego położenia pieszego i pojazdu w początkowej chwili potrącenia na uzyskane wyniki w postaci zasięgu wrzucenia pieszego na pojazd oraz odrzutu wzdłużnego pieszego. Pedestrian-Car Accident – possibility of reconstruction in V-Sim 5.0 program The article presents the results of a simulation of real pedestrian-car accidents in the new version of the V-Sim 5.0 program. The new multibody pedestrian model was employed in the simulations. The analysis covers the effect of individual model parameters as well as the parameters of pedestrian’s motion and the relative pedestrian-vehicle position at the initial moment of the collision on the obtained results including the range of the pedestrian’s being thrown onto the vehicle and his longitudinal recoil are analyzed.
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Volchatova, I. V. "ACCIDENT RATE AND VICTIMS OF ROAD TRAFFIC IN A BIG CITY." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-4-18.
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For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT Based on the statistics of road accidents, an analysis of accident and injury rates on the roads of Irkutsk was carried out. It is shown that, for the most part, the causes of road accidents are violation of traffic rules by drivers and pedestrians, unsatisfactory road conditions. It was revealed that the greatest number of accidents occurs in the summer-autumn period. Most often, vehicle collisions and pedestrian collisions are recorded. About 40 % of road accidents with victims are committed in the foci of accident rate, the distribution of which directly depends on density of settlement of the territory and the functional specifics of the city’s administrative units. Keywords: motor transport, road traffic accident, accident rate on roads, foci of accident, severity of accident consequences, road safety.
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Afridi, Almas, Hamid Shahzad, Jamal Akhter, Muhammd Nouman, Shah Hussain, Rehmat Ullah Shah, Zeeshan Muhammd Jaffar, and Tariq Hayat. "Trends of Road Traffic Accidents: Patterns of Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents Victims: A study from Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar KPK." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 2194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582194.
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Background This study reflects the pattern of road traffic accidents and road traffic injuries sustained by RTA victims reporting to LRH MTI. Traffic volume, single and narrow roads is a big problem, traffic rules violation is another demon, lack of awareness, reluctance for the use of safety gears, underage vehicle drivers or rider with questionable driving/ riding skills and no license has worsen the injury pattern and more severe crashes here, putting pedestrians and biker at high risk. Aim: To know the different trends of road traffic accidents, most common victims and different patterns of injuries Methods This is hospital based analytical comparative study, which was conducted in the trauma section of Accident Emergency lady reading hospital MTI Peshawar KPK, during the tenure from May 2020 to November 2020. In this study 298 victims of road traffic accidents were assessed and analyzed from both genders and of all age groups. Results 298 victims of RTAs evaluated in our study. Most common mechanism involved pedestrian verses vehicle 40.3% followed by vehicle versus vehicle 28.6%, curiously in 5.3% of RTAs mechanism was unknown. Most of victims were males when compared with females, Males 86.3% and females 13.6%. children age group 0 -10 years makes 12.6%. Most common vehicle involved was a bike in 48%, followed by car 30% and then 3-wheelers (auto ricksha and Qing chi) 15.3% followed by crashes involving unknown vehicle 8% which is significantly high with all the victims severely wounded or unknown category. Most common victims were vulnerable road users (pedestrian and bike riders) 35% pedestrians and 31.6% bike riders. 11.3% of victims were passengers. Most common injury sustained was head injury38.5%(n=115), followed by lower limb injuries(n=105) 35.2% and polytrauma victims with chilling percentage of 9.3%. Conclusion There is a rising toll of road traffic injuries in and around Peshawar and majority being reported to emergency department LRH, MTI and it is major public health concern. Not only Pedestrians and bike rider are at threat but children of age group under 10 as well with high pedestrian mortality. If proper preventive steps not taken this will continue to rise causing significant death and disabilities. Keywords: Road traffic injuries, road traffic accidents, safety gears road traffic injury victims
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Kong, Chun Yu, Xiao Bao Gao, Jin Nie, Fu Hao Mo, and Ji Kuang Yang. "Benefit Estimation of Automatic Braking System Based on Real-World Pedestrian Accidents." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.421.
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The aim of the current study was to assess effectiveness of automatic braking system quantitatively using real pedestrian accident data selected from IVAC database. Based on the IVAC pedestrian accident scenarios, vehicle and pedestrian trajectories, and other information, the relative position of vehicles and pedestrians were estimated one second (0.5 second) prior to the actual crash. According to the pedestrian fatal (AIS3+) risk and compared with the real pedestrian casualty risk, the benefit of the automatic braking system was calculated. About 86.8% (82.3%) reduction in pedestrian fatal (AIS3+) injury at a field of view of 60°.
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de Araújo Varela, Josimara A., Tatiana F. T. Palitot, Smyrna L. X. de Souza, Alidianne F. C. Cavalcanti, and Alessandro L. Cavalcanti. "Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis." Current Dentistry 2, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2542579x02999200608131337.
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Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.
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Han, I. "Fuzzy estimation of vehicle speed in pedestrian collision accidents." International Journal of Automotive Technology 14, no. 3 (May 30, 2013): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-013-0042-y.
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S, Thylashri, Manikandaprabu N, Jayakumar T, Vijayachitra S, and Kiruthiga G. "Effective Techniques for Pedestrian Detection in Smart Autonomous Vehicles." Webology 18, no. 05 (October 29, 2021): 1176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si05/web18298.
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Pedestrians are essential objects in computer vision. Pedestrian detection in images or videos plays an important role in many applications such as real-time monitoring, counting pedestrians at various events, detecting falls of the elderly, etc. It is formulated as a problem of the automatic identification and location of pedestrians in pictures or videos. In real images, the art of pedestrian detection is an important task for major applications such as video surveillance, autonomous driving systems, etc. Pedestrian detection is also an important feature of the autonomous vehicle driving system because it identifies pedestrians and minimizes accidents between vehicles and pedestrians. The research trend in the field of vehicle electronics and driving safety, vision-based pedestrian recognition technologies for smart vehicles have established themselves loudly or slowing down the vehicle. In general, the visual pedestrian detection progression capable of be busted down into three consecutive steps: pedestrian detection, pedestrian recognition, and pedestrian tracking. There is also visual pedestrian recognition in the vehicle. Finally, we study the challenges and evolution of research in the future.
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Bryden, James E., Laurel B. Andrew, and Jan S. Fortuniewicz. "Intrusion Accidents on Highway Construction Projects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1715, no. 1 (January 2000): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1715-05.
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Two hundred and ninety intrusion accidents were reported on New York State Department of Transportation construction projects from 1993 through 1998. Characteristics of intrusion accidents and the locations where they occur were investigated, and intrusions were compared with other traffic and construction accidents. Overall, intrusions into the work and buffer space are a relatively small proportion of all accidents. Intrusion accidents accounted for nearly 10 percent of all work-zone traffic accidents and about 8 percent of serious injury accidents. Four fatalities and 60 serious injury accidents occurred. About two-thirds of intrusion accidents involved a vehicle entering an area defined by channelizing devices, including the transition area, buffer space, and work space. About 20 percent involved moving operations. Most intrusions resulted in a collision between the intruding vehicle and work vehicles, equipment, or roadway features. Pedestrian workers were involved in less than 10 percent of the intrusions but were at greater risk for serious injury than workers in vehicles or equipment. Excessive speed was a major factor, identified in about one-fourth of all intrusion accidents. Driver incapacity—due to alcohol use, lack of sleep, medical problems, vehicle failure, or roadway conditions—was involved in another one-fourth of intrusion accidents. Based on circumstantial evidence in the accident reports and a substantial number of impacts on highly visible arrow panels, it appears that driver inattention is also a significant factor.
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Brenac, Thierry, and Jean-Yves Fournier. "Collisions Between Pedestrians and Reversing Vehicles in Public Settings in France." Open Transportation Journal 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801812010033.
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Background:Collisions between pedestrians and reversing vehicles in public settings have received little attention in France. Yet, according to the national statistics on traffic accidents, reversing vehicles are involved in 6.5% of the 11,700 pedestrian accidents recorded each year (over the 2008-2015 period). Moreover, this proportion is probably underestimated in these statistics.Objective:This work aims to provide a brief assessment of this problem in the French case, in quantitative and qualitative terms.Methods:A random sample of 882 police reports on pedestrian accidents occurring in public settings in France was studied to identify the reversing collisions among them. Then, the reversing accidents found (61 cases) were thoroughly analysed to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved.Results:Reversing collisions account for about 7% of pedestrian accidents in public settings. Pedestrians aged 60 or over (73% of the pedestrian victims) and commercial and goods vehicles are over-represented in these collisions. Pedestrians often fail to see the reversing vehicle, fail to anticipate its manoeuvre, or are not able to get out its path. Drivers generally fail to see the pedestrian before the collision. The reasons for the reversing manoeuvres are identified and suggest that these manoeuvres could partly be avoided.Conclusion:In France, reversing accidents represent a non-negligible proportion of pedestrian accidents in public settings. It appears that, in addition to the influence of limited rearward visibility in vehicles, certain road layouts play a role in these accidents by encouraging or forcing drivers to make reversing manoeuvres (at least for large vehicles).
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Novikov, A., Svetlana Pisareva, Zhili Song, and Tatyana Novikova. "Research and development of a model for assessing the optimal location of pedestrian crossings based on a conflict model." Modeling of systems and processes 15, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-3-35-44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increase in the number of vehicles, the number of conflict situations between pedestrians and cars increases - the number of accidents increases. The study of walking behavior and the relationship of behavior with the location of pedestrian crossings will allow you to find the optimal solution for a pedestrian crossing. The proposed model for assessing the optimal location of pedestrian crossings based on the pedestrian -vehicle conflict model is based on three indicators: the likelihood of a conflict between a person and a vehicle, the severity of the accident and the expected number of conflicts. The model was developed in order to determine the optimal location of pedestrian crossings and to study the conflict between pedestrians and vehicles at unregulated pedestrian crossings. In order to take into account the pedestrian behavior in the proposed model, modeling was carried out using the SPSS software. Regression analysis formed the basis for modeling pedestrian behavior, and a model of a "bad solution" for an unregulated pedestrian crossing was obtained. To verify the reliability of the model and the accuracy of the forecast, a Hosmer-Lemeshowe test for suitability and an omnibus test of model coefficients were conducted. The overall accuracy of the model prediction was 97.6%, the accuracy rate with "bad behavior" is 95.7%, and the accuracy rate without "bad behavior" is 99.4%.
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Qu, Huiyan, Wenhui Li, and Wei Zhao. "Human-Vehicle Collision Detection Algorithm Based on Image Processing." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 08 (November 27, 2019): 2055015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420550150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, with the growth of China’s economy and the development of the automobile manufacturing industry, the number of various vehicles has continuously increased, and the incidence of traffic accidents has also increased. Especially in traffic blind areas, right-turning areas of vehicles, etc., traffic accidents such as vehicle collisions are extremely easy to occur, which poses a serious threat to people’s lives and property, and is extremely harmful. Therefore, related research on collision detection of people and vehicles has been traffic-safe and has received extensive attention from field researchers. At present, the research on human-vehicle collision detection is to detect human-vehicle collision accidents by tracking the track of vehicles and pedestrians, but there are problems such as poor tracking effect, low accuracy of collision discrimination and complex algorithms. Aiming at these problems, this paper studies the human-vehicle collision detection algorithm based on image processing. Through the image processing of traffic monitoring video, the vehicle and pedestrian contour information is extracted. Based on this, a mathematical model for collision detection is constructed to realize human-vehicle collision detection. The results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish the collision between pedestrians and vehicles, and the algorithm for image processing is simpler than the traditional tracking algorithm, and the time is shorter. The results show that the image-based collision detection algorithm based on image processing can effectively and quickly identify the traffic accidents in which people and vehicles collide, and then can issue alarm signals in time, shortening the accident processing time and reducing the accident time. The possibility of a secondary accident has a high practicability in the detection of traffic accidents in which people and vehicles collide.
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Wu, Renfei, Xunjia Zheng, Yongneng Xu, Wei Wu, Guopeng Li, Qing Xu, and Zhuming Nie. "Modified Driving Safety Field Based on Trajectory Prediction Model for Pedestrian–Vehicle Collision." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pedestrian–vehicle collision is an important component of traffic accidents. Over the past decades, it has become the focus of academic and industrial research and presents an important challenge. This study proposes a modified Driving Safety Field (DSF) model for pedestrian–vehicle risk assessment at an unsignalized road section, in which predicted positions are considered. A Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model is employed for pedestrian intention inference, and a particle filtering model is conducted to simulate pedestrian motion. Driving data collection was conducted and pedestrian–vehicle scenarios were extracted. The effectiveness of the proposed model was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations running 1000 times. Results show that the proposed risk assessment approach reduces braking times by 18.73%. Besides this, the average value of TTC−1 (the reciprocal of time-to-collision) and the maximum TTC−1 were decreased by 28.83% and 33.91%, respectively.