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Готові списки джерел за темами / Pedestrian protection systems

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pedestrian protection systems"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pedestrian protection systems"

1

Kim, Kwangsoo, Yangho Kim, and Sooyeong Kwak. "Vision Sensor Based Fuzzy System for Intelligent Vehicles." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040855.

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Анотація:

Those in the automotive industry and many researchers have become interested in the development of pedestrian protection systems in recent years. In particular, vision-based methods for predicting pedestrian intentions are now being actively studied to improve the performance of pedestrian protection systems. In this paper, we propose a vision-based system that can detect pedestrians using an on-dash camera in the car, and can then analyze their movements to determine the probability of collision. Information about pedestrians, including position, distance, movement direction, and magnitude are extracted using computer vision technologies and, using this information, a fuzzy rule-based system makes a judgement on the pedestrian’s risk level. To verify the function of the proposed system, we built several test datasets, collected by ourselves, in high-density regions where vehicles and pedestrians mix closely. The true positive rate of the experimental results was about 86%, which shows the validity of the proposed system.

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2

Šimunović, Ljupko, Ivan Bošnjak, and Sadko Mandžuka. "Intelligent Transport Systems and Pedestrian Traffic." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 21, no. 2 (March 2, 2012): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v21i2.220.

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The paper gives an overview of the past development and implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems in pedestrian traffic. Starting from recent development projects and methodological approaches to the development of ITS, an overview of the existing technologies of implementing ITS in pedestrian traffic is given, and some solutions are proposed that would be feasible in the Republic of Croatia, as well as in other transition countries. As the most significant functions of integrated systems within ITS, the possibilities are presented of locating pedestrians in the network, pedestrian guidance (especially the blind and low-vision persons as well as persons in wheelchairs), provision of on-trip information, etc. Special focus is on the area of pedestrian protection in traffic (avoidance of accidents) using devices fitted onboard vehicles and embedded in road infrastructure. The significance of timely integration of the pedestrian traffic in designing the future ITS architecture has been indicated. KEY WORDS: intelligent transport systems (ITS), pedestrian traffic, pedestrian guidance, real-time information, traffic safety

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3

Soto, Ignacio, Felipe Jimenez, Maria Calderon, Jose Naranjo, and Jose Anaya. "Reducing Unnecessary Alerts in Pedestrian Protection Systems Based on P2V Communications." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030360.

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Анотація:

There are different proposals in the literature on how to protect pedestrians using warning systems to alert drivers of their presence. They can be based on onboard perception systems or wireless communications. The evaluation of these systems has been focused on testing their ability to detect pedestrians. A problem that has received much less attention is the possibility of generating too many alerts in the warning systems. In this paper, we propose and analyze four different algorithms to take the decision on generating alerts in a warning system that is based on direct wireless communications between vehicles and pedestrians. With the algorithms, we explore different strategies to reduce unnecessary alerts. The feasibility of the implementation of the algorithms was evaluated with a deployment using real equipment, and tests were carried out to verify their behavior in real scenarios. The ability of each algorithm to reduce unnecessary alerts was evaluated with realistic simulations in an urban scenario, using a traffic simulator with vehicular and pedestrian flows. The results show the importance of tackling the problem of driver overload in warning systems, and that it is not straightforward to predict the load of alerts generated by an algorithm in a large-scale deployment, in which there are multiple interactions between vehicles and pedestrians.

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4

Raudszus, Dominik, Michael Hamacher, Adrian Zlocki, and Lutz Eckstein. "Integrated Assessment of Active Pedestrian Protection Systems." Auto Tech Review 4, no. 7 (July 2015): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-015-0943-4.

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5

Gandhi, T., and M. M. Trivedi. "Pedestrian Protection Systems: Issues, Survey, and Challenges." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 8, no. 3 (September 2007): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2007.903444.

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6

Raudszus, Dominik, Michael Hamacher, Adrian Zlocki, and Lutz Eckstein. "Integrated Assessment of Active Pedestrian Protection Systems." ATZ worldwide 117, no. 1 (January 2015): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-015-0145-3.

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7

Choi, S., J. Jang, C. Oh, and G. Park. "Safety benefits of integrated pedestrian protection systems." International Journal of Automotive Technology 17, no. 3 (April 30, 2016): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-016-0049-2.

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8

Tian, Renran, Stanley Chien, Yaobin Chen, and Rini Sherony. "Pedestrian Moving Patterns during Potential Conflicts with 110 On-Road Driving Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 2036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631434.

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Анотація:

As the most commonly seen vulnerable road users, protection and interaction with pedestrians are key functionalities in vehicle active safety and self-driving research areas. Development and evaluation of such systems require deeper understanding of pedestrian behaviors, especially motion patterns, in different driving environments. Traditionally, most of the pedestrian movement studies rely on fixed roadside cameras in specific road locations with higher pedestrian density, like intersections and junctions. Although these studies can provide information to describe pedestrian walking behavior and vehicle-pedestrian interactions in micro and macro levels, there are two main limitations. Firstly, pedestrian movement data are rarely collected from the vehicle’s point of view, which makes some critical variables difficult to be collected related to pedestrian initial appearance situation. Secondly, insufficient data are acquired to cover low- pedestrian-density road environments like mid-block, rural areas, and small un-controlled intersections. In this study, we focus on three important pedestrian movement variables including appearance distances, initial time-to-collision, and crossing speed under different driving and road scenarios. Based on a large-scale naturalistic driving study, crossing pedestrians were randomly captured in the scene videos from 110 passenger cars when potential ego-vehicle-to-pedestrian conflicts appeared during a one-year period. Motion data of these pedestrians were then analyzed to calculate the targeted behavior measurements, with the empirical results reported.

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9

Heinlein, Sven, Stefan Hahn, and Klaus Zindler. "Control methods for automated testing of preventive pedestrian protection systems." International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 10, no. 2 (2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvsmt.2015.068974.

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10

Shi, Liangliang, Yong Han, Hongwu Huang, Wei He, Fang Wang, and Bingyu Wang. "Effects of vehicle front-end safety countermeasures on pedestrian head injury risk during ground impact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 14 (February 8, 2019): 3588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019828845.

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Анотація:

Pedestrian safety countermeasures such as pop-up bonnets and exterior pedestrian airbags have been shown to decrease the pedestrian injury risk caused by vehicle impacts (primary impact). However, it is still unknown whether these devices could prevent or mitigate pedestrian injuries resulting from ground impacts (secondary impact). In order to understand how the vehicle safety countermeasures prevent pedestrian head injuries caused by primary and secondary impacts, a total of 252 vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations were conducted using the MADYMO code. The simulations accounted for three types of vehicle configurations (a baseline vehicle and vehicles with the two aforementioned vehicle safety countermeasures) along with five front-end structural parameters at three vehicle impact velocities (30, 40, and 50 km/h). The simulation results show that the bonnet leading edge height was the most sensitive parameter affecting the head-to-vehicle impact location and that caused different head injuries resulting from the local stiffness in the location impacted. Moreover, the bonnet leading edge height was the leading governing factor on the pedestrian rotation angle in the secondary impact. The vehicle equipped with a pop-up bonnet and an external airbag could cause a larger pedestrian rotation angle at 30 km/h than that in the other two vehicle types, but conversely could cause a smaller pedestrian rotation angle at 40 and 50 km/h. Also, the vehicle equipped with pop-up bonnet and external airbag systems could lead a higher pedestrian flight altitude than that of the baseline type. A vehicle equipped with a pop-up bonnet and external airbag systems provide improved protection for the pedestrian’s head in the primary impact, but may not prevent the injury risk and/or even cause more severe injuries in secondary impacts.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Pedestrian protection systems"

1

Fröming, Robert. "Assessment of integrated pedestrian protection systems /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99032060X/04.

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2

Chen, Jiaqi. "Design of vehicle frontal protection systems capable of meeting future pedestrian safety requirements." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96270/1/Jiaqi_Chen_Thesis.pdf.

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Анотація:

This research project develops an advanced computer model for the new design of Toyota Vehicle Frontal Protection System (VFPS) in terms of the future pedestrian safety requirements. The research method is based on the numerical simulation of dynamic vehicle-pedestrian collisions following New Car Assessment Program protocols. The numerical models which were validated by experimental data can accurately predict the Toyota VFPS products of pedestrian-friendliness.

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3

Kotte, Jens, Carsten Schmeichel, Adrian Zlocki, Hauke Gathmann, and Lutz Eckstein. "Concept of an enhanced V2X pedestrian collision avoidance system with a cost function–based pedestrian model." Taylor & Francis, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72238.

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Анотація:

Objective: State-of-the-art collision avoidance and collision mitigation systems predict the behavior of pedestrians based on trivial models that assume a constant acceleration or velocity. New sources of sensor information—for example, smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, etc.—can support enhanced pedestrian behavior models. The objective of this article is the development and implementation of a V2Xpedestrian collision avoidance system that uses new information sources. Methods: A literature review of existing state-of-the-art pedestrian collision avoidance systems, pedestrian behavior models in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and traffic simulations is conducted together with an analysis of existing studies on typical pedestrian patterns in traffic. Based on this analysis, possible parameters for predicting pedestrian behavior were investigated. The results led to new requirements from which a concept was developed and implemented. Results: The analysis of typical pedestrian behavior patterns in traffic situations showed the complexity of predicting pedestrian behavior. Requirements for an improved behavior prediction were derived. A concept for a V2X collision avoidance system, based on a cost function that predicts pedestrian near future presence, and its implementation is presented. The concept presented considers several challenges such as information privacy, inaccuracies of the localization, and inaccuracies of the prediction. Conclusion: A concept for an enhanced V2X pedestrian collision avoidance system was developed and introduced. The concept uses new information sources such as smart devices to improve the prediction of the pedestrian's presence in the near future and considers challenges that come along with the usage of these information sources.

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4

Zuo, Tianyu. "An Efficient Vision-Based Pedestrian Detection and Tracking System for ITS Applications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31778.

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In this thesis, a novel Pedestrian Protection System (PPS), composed of the Pedestrian Detection System (PDS) and the Pedestrian Tracking System (PTS), was proposed. The PPS is a supplementary application for the Advanced Driver Assistance System, which is used to avoid collisions between vehicles and pedestrians. The Pedestrian Detection System (PDS) is used to detect pedestrians from near to far ranges with the feature-classi er-based detection method (HOG + SVM). To achieve pedestrian detection from near to far ranges, a novel structure was proposed. The structure of our PDS consists of two cameras (called CS and CL separately). The CS is equipped with a short focal length lens to detect pedestrians in near-to-mid range; and, the CL is equipped with a long focal length lens to detect pedestrians in mid-to-far range. To accelerate the processing speed of pedestrian detection, the parallel computing capacity of GPU was utilized in the PDS. The synchronization algorithm is also introduced to synchronize the detection results of CS and CL. Based on the novel pedestrian detection structure, the detection process can reach a distance which is more than 130 meters away without decreasing detection accuracy. The detection range can be extended more than 100 meters without decreasing the processing speed of pedestrian detection. Afterwards, an algorithm to eliminate duplicate detection results is proposed to improve the detection accuracy. The Pedestrian Tracking System (PTS) is applied following the Pedestrian Detection System. The PTS is used to track the movement trajectory of pedestrians and to predict the future motion and movement direction. A C + + class (called pedestrianTracking class, which is short for PTC) was generated to operate the tracking process for every detected pedestrian. The Kalman lter is the main algorithm inside the PTC. During the operation of PPS, the nal detection results of each frame from PDS will be transmitted to the PTS to enable the tracking process. The new detection results will be used to update the existing tracking results in the PTS. Moreover, if there is a newly detected pedestrian, a new process will be generated to track the pedestrian in the PTS. Based on the tracking results in PTS, the movement trajectory of pedestrians can be obtained and their future motion and movement direction can be predicted. Two kinds of alerts are generated based on the predictions: warning alert and dangerous alert. These two alerts represent di erent situations; and, they will alert drivers to the upcoming situations. Based on the predictions and alerts, the collisions can be prevented e ectively. The safety of pedestrians can be guaranteed.

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5

Abdallah, Kristian. "Pedestrian Protection System : Hood lift study." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-7655.

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Every year approximately 400 000 pedestrians are killed worldwide in road related injuries where children and elderly are the most exposed age groups. The design of the front-end of a vehicle and the structural stiffness have a significant influence on the kinematics and injury risks of the pedestrian body. To create a clearance between the rigid hood structure and the hood, the hood is lifted. A lifted hood does however not provide protection over the cowl, windscreen and A-pillar areas. This study is performed at Autoliv Sverige AB and the purpose is to examine how fast the hood can be lifted 100 mm using a pedestrian protection airbag. The airbag give an extended protection while covering the cowl, windscreen and A-pillar areas. A concept generation session was performed where modifications of the current pedestrian protection airbag, for a faster hood lift, were proposed. The generated concepts proceeded to a concept screening session where the Autoliv evaluation matrix was used. The selected concepts went further to static testing where the performance of each concept was tested. The performance include the lift time of 100 mm for the most rearward section of the hood, positioning of the cushion and pressure distribution. The tests were carried out in a room temperature environment. To conclude the thesis work, one winning concept could not be obtained. Two concepts excelled themselves from all the concepts and a difference in the performances between these two concepts could not be found. In this thesis no calculations on costs such as material costs and manufacturing costs has been made. This can be the major aspect on choosing one winning concept but due to the fact that there is no time for a cost analysis in this thesis, the PPA development team will take over.

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6

Teplov, Sergey. "SmartLight: design inclusivo: sistema luminoso inteligente para o controlo de tráfico de veículos e de peões nas estrada." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20967.

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Анотація:

O presente projeto pretende, numa ótica de Design Inclusivo e no âmbito do Design Industrial, redesenhar, melhorar e criar um novo semáforo. Após uma pesquisa sobre estas sinalizações de trânsito e verificando o funcionamento destes equipamentos estandardizados e globalizados foram encontradas falhas e, consequentemente, possibilidades de melhoramento funcional e sensorial para o bem de todos os utilizadores. Uma das principais lacunas, que se destaca no presente projeto, relaciona-se com a falta de visibilidade do peão que é fortemente condicionada também por questões climáticas. Pretende-se assim, com este projeto desenvolver uma proposta tendo em conta os pressupostos do Design Inclusivo para um novo semáforo, destinado à diminuição da sinistralidade rodoviária e aplicado a diferentes contextos físicos: aldeias, vilas ou cidades de pequena, grande ou média dimensão; Inclusive Design – Intelligent light system for traffic control vehicles and pedestrians on the road Abstract: The presented projects intends to, through an Inclusive Design perspective and whitin the scope of Industrial Design, redesign, improve and create a new semaphore. After researching these traffic signs and verifying the functioning of this standardized and globalized equipments, failures and, consequently, possibilities of functional and sensorial improvements were found for the benefit and well being of all users. One of the main gaps, which stands out in this project, relates to the lack of visibility of the pedestrians which is strongly conditioned by climatic issues. The aim of this project is to develop a proposal taking into account the assumptions of Inclusive Design for a new semaphore, aimed at reducing road accidents and applied to different physical contexts: villages, towns and small, medium or big cities.

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7

Ting, Chien Kao, and 簡高廷. "A Multi-agent Based Pedestrian Protection Systems." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t88v2a.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
100
A pedestrian warning system is often used to detect the movements and intentions of the pedestrian and gives warning to the relevant participants. Current studies in pedestrian-vehicle conflicts have focused on the sensors installed on the vehicle. In this study, in addition to the driver on the vehicle, we use the pedestrian signal to take the initiative to inform the pedestrians crossing a street and the driver who is heading to the pedestrian crossing concerning the degree of risk.We use a multi-agent system so that the intersection agents and vehicle agents can communicate. By communicating, vehicle agents can obtain the pedestrian information of the intersection ahead. Each intersection has an intersection agent monitoring the intersection, and we allow more than one vehicle agent which represents each vehicle. When the vehicle agents enter a new intersection, they will receive data from the intersection agent and combine with vehicle information to estimate the conflict-related parameters. We use a two-stage warning method, the warning stage and the command stage, which are performed according to the distance from vehicle to the conflict area. We have developed an agent-based simulation system for a pedestrian warning system that has a pedestrian signal and an active warning system on vehicles to achieve driver personalization and improve road safety.

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8

Tang, Bo. "Pedestrian Protection Using the Integration of V2V Communication and Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking System." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10057.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking System (PAEB) can utilize on-board sensors to detect pedestrians and take safety related actions. However, PAEB system only benefits the individual vehicle and the pedestrians detected by its PAEB. Additionally, due to the range limitations of PAEB sensors and speed limitations of sensory data processing, PAEB system often cannot detect or do not have sufficient time to respond to a potential crash with pedestrians. For further improving pedestrian safety, we proposed the idea for integrating the complimentary capabilities of V2V and PAEB (V2V-PAEB), which allows the vehicles to share the information of pedestrians detected by PAEB system in the V2V network. So a V2V-PAEB enabled vehicle uses not only its on-board sensors of the PAEB system, but also the received V2V messages from other vehicles to detect potential collisions with pedestrians and make better safety related decisions. In this thesis, we discussed the architecture and the information processing stages of the V2V-PAEB system. In addition, a comprehensive Matlab/Simulink based simulation model of the V2V-PAEB system is also developed in PreScan simulation environment. The simulation result shows that this simulation model works properly and the V2V-PAEB system can improve pedestrian safety significantly.

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9

Grubb, Grant. "3D vision sensing for improved pedestrain safety." Master's thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/44511.

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Анотація:

Pedestrian-vehicle accidents account for the second largest source of automotive related fatality and injury worldwide. Automotive manufactures will soon be required to meet regulations specifying safety requirements for pedestrian-vehicle collisions. The inclusion of pedestrian protection systems (eg. External airbags) is being consider as a solution to preventing pedestrian fatality and injury. However, such systems require knowledge of pedestrian presence for correct activation. This thesis describes work towards a computer vision system to detect pedestrians which could fulfil the sensory requirements for activating automotive pedestrian protection devices. In this work, the requirements for a pedestrian sensor were examined and a prototype vision system was developed to demonstrate the concepts discussed in the thesis. To achieve greater robustness and an improved understanding of the environment, we focussed on using 3D and temporal techniques combined with existing pedestrian detection methods. ¶ Stereo vision was employed to provide 3D information about the scene. The well known computer vision concept of disparity maps was used to generate a 3D scene representation. Additional vision algorithms were developed to provide scene understanding and thus segment a scene into obstacles (pedestrians, vehicles and other road infrastructure). Two methods were investigated for this purpose: Inverse Perspective Mapping and v-disparity, with the latter producing superior results, and thus v-disparity was used for 3D obstacle segmentation. ¶ Next, we focused on developing a method to classify detected obstacles as either pedestrian or non-pedestrian. Existing algorithms which examine a pedestrian’s shape and provide a classification result using Support Vector Machines were used to fulfil this obstacle classification task. We extended the existing work to include a pedestrian model from a front/rear and side poses. ¶ Finally, temporal information from both the obstacle detection and classification results were used to enhance system results. We used Kalman filtering techniques to track pedestrians and provide motion predictions. Additionally, Bayesian probability was used to provide a certainty of pedestrian detection based on an object’s classification history. This provided greater robustness to the overall detection results. ¶ The developed prototype was installed on two vehicles, a Toyota Landcruiser and a Volvo S80, to perform real world testing. Results from the prototype were excellent, achieving average detection rates of 83% with average false detection rates of only 0.4%.

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10

An, Shiang, and 安翔. "Design and Analysis of Pedestrian Head Protecting Pop-Up Hood System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04283349886005008423.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
96
Fatalities related to pedestrian accidents contribute a large proportion of all traffic accidental deaths. Previous studies show that more than 50% of pedestrian fatalities are caused by head injuries and most of them are impacted by engine hood or windshield. In order to prevent the human life loss due to car-pedestrian collisions, passive safety devices to lower the possibility of head injury has been proposed in industry recently. Among them are pop-up hood systems and outside airbags, etc. In this study, the improvement of the current pop-up hood is our main focus. The pop-up hood system lifts up the rear part of the hood for a distance at the time when the car-pedestrian impact happens and provides a free space between the hood and the hard components underneath the hood. As the head of pedestrian impacts to the hood, free space of pop-up hood allows the hood to deform and absorb most of the impact energy through structural deformation. The system, as a result, is capable of reducing the head injury with its structural deformation. However, some area of the structure, such as supports, still keeps its high stiffness after the hood is popped up, and it might still cause high risk of head injury. Therefore, such phenomenon is analyzed and a new pop-up hood system to improve the high-HIC-valued area is developed in this thesis. This pop-up system is designed with a newly driving mechanism and spring-damper system to reduce the high stiffness of the original hood structural support. For validation, the numerical tests based on Euro-NCAP are conducted to evaluate the performance over the complete area of the hood system. The study is departed into 3 stages. In the first stage, the finite element model of the headform impactor and the car front structure are created and validated. In the second stage, the numerical tests based on Euro-NCAP are simulated and the performance of the original and the new pop-up hood system are analyzed and compared. The three design parameters for the new pop-up hood systems, hood lift-up height, supporting spring stiffness and damping coefficient, are also analyzed. In the last stage, pop-up mechanism for the new pop-up hood system is designed and tested with rigid-body dynamics. Finally, conclusions and suggestions of this study are summarized in the last part of the thesis.

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Книги з теми "Pedestrian protection systems"

1

Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1.

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2

Schachenmayr, Martin P. Application guidelines for the egress element of the fire protection standard for fixed guideway transit systems. New York: Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade & Douglas, 1998.

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3

US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Assist in the Establishment of an Interpretive Center and Museum in the Vicinity of the Diamond Valley Lake in Southern California to Ensure the Protection and Interpretation of the Paleontology Discoveries Made at the Lake and to Developp a Trail System for the Lake for Use by Pedestrians and Nonmotorized Vehicles. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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4

López, Antonio M., and David Gerónimo. Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles. Springer, 2013.

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5

López, Antonio M., and David Gerónimo. Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles. Springer, 2013.

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6

López, Antonio M., and David Gerónimo. Vision-Based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Частини книг з теми "Pedestrian protection systems"

1

Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. "Completing the System." In Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles, 73–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1_4.

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2

Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. "Introduction." In Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles, 1–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1_1.

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3

Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. "Candidates Generation." In Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles, 13–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1_2.

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Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. "Classification." In Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles, 23–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1_3.

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Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. "Datasets and Benchmarking." In Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles, 87–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1_5.

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Gerónimo, David, and Antonio M. López. "Conclusions." In Vision-based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles, 95–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7987-1_6.

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Heng, Hao, and Huilin Xiong. "Pedestrian Detection Based on Road Surface Extraction in Pedestrian Protection System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 793–800. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01273-5_88.

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Lill, Dirk, Manuel Schappacher, Shahidul Islam, and Axel Sikora. "Wireless Protocol Design for a Cooperative Pedestrian Protection System." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 119–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19786-4_11.

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9

Broggi, Alberto, Pietro Cerri, Stefano Ghidoni, Paolo Grisleri, and Ho Gi Jung. "Active Pedestrian Protection System, Scenario-Driven Search Method for." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 64–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_486.

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Broggi, Alberto, Pietro Cerri, Stefano Ghidoni, Paolo Grisleri, and Ho Gi Jung. "Active Pedestrian Protection System, Scenario-Driven Search Method for." In Transportation Technologies for Sustainability, 74–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5844-9_486.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pedestrian protection systems"

1

Capitani, Renzo, Tommaso Iacomelli, and Enrico Gobetto. "Numerical Simulation of Piezoelectric Sensor Used in a New Pedestrian Protection System." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58618.

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Анотація:

In recent years, pedestrians have been involved in many accidents. Statistics show that in Europe pedestrians are involved in 12% of the accidents and 20% of road users who lose their life in accidents are pedestrians. Authorities and automobile manufacturers are interested to reduce the physical damages of these users. The EU requires a very accurate design of new car front-end, because this is the first part involved in the car-to-pedestrian impact. Some EU organisations as EEVC (European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee- Working Group 17) and ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Europeens d’Automobiles) have decided the directives on the design of the new car front-end. These documents settle on the experimental methods and the biomechanical parameters that have to be considered combining the front-end aggressiveness with the crash test dummies damages. Moreover, many car and system manufacturers are studying new pedestrian protection systems as the active hood that raises instantly when a pedestrian is hit: a sensor system placed in the vehicle’s front bumper sends a signal a two steel pistons below which lift the rear part of the hood making the pedestrian’s head hit a deformable and flexible surface instead of a hard and rigid one. These systems will help car manufacturers to meet the new EU test requirements that the European car manufacturers accepted in 2001 and that will become effective in July 2005. This paper describes an activity on car-to-pedestrian impact carried on by the Universita` degli Studi di Firenze in co-operation with Centro Ricerche FIAT. This activity concerns the study of legform FEM model for LS-Dyna software and the numeric simulation of a sensor system placed in the vehicle’s front bumper. The sensors are piezoelectric stripes stuck on the bumper according to opportune geometries. These sensors were characterised through experimental analysis changing deflection and impact speed; the relationship between the numeric parameters and the electric signal was determined working on easy tests. It was subsequently simulated the impact between the bumper and a legform FEM model developed by Universita` degli Studi di Firenze working on LS-Dyna software. The legform model respect the structural characteristics required by EEVC WG17 report. The legform model was validated by experimental analysis carried on at Centro Sicurezza FIAT AUTO. Thanks to simulations it has been possible to optimise the position of the sensors on the bumper and also to judge the minimum number of sensors, which can distinguish between the different impacts.

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2

Pak, Wansoo, Daniel Grindle, and Costin Untaroiu. "The Influence of Gait Stance and Vehicle Type on Pedestrian Kinematics and Injury Risk." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22492.

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Abstract Pedestrians are one of the most vulnerable road users. In 2018 the USA reported the highest number of pedestrian fatalities number in nearly three decades. Government safety agencies and car manufacturers have started paying greater attention towards pedestrian protection. The pre-impact conditions of Car-to-Pedestrian Collisions (CPC) varies significantly in terms of the characteristics of vehicles (e.g. front-end geometry, stiffness, etc.) and pedestrians (e.g. anthropometry, posture, etc.). The influence of vehicle type and pedestrian gait has not been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to numerically investigate the changes in pedestrian kinematics and injuries across various gait postures and two different car types. Five finite element (FE) human body models, representing 50th percentile male in gait cycle, were developed and used to perform CPC simulations with two generic vehicle FE models representing a family car (FCR), and a sport utility vehicle (SUV). In the impacts with the high-profile vehicle (SUV), the pedestrian models usually slide above the bonnet leading edge and report shorter wrap around distances (WAD) than in low-profile vehicle (FCR) impacts. The pedestrian postures influenced the post-impact rotation of the pedestrian and consequently, the impacted head region. The pedestrian posture also influenced the risk of injuries in the lower extremities. Higher risk of bone fractures was observed in the stance phase posture compared to the swing phase. The findings of this study should be taken into consideration when examining pedestrian protection protocols. In addition, the results of this study can be used to improve the design of active safety systems used to protect pedestrians in collisions.

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3

Braeuchle, Christian, Folko Flehmig, Wolfgang Rosenstiel, and Thomas Kropf. "Maneuver decision for active pedestrian protection under uncertainty." In 2013 16th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2013.6728304.

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4

Heuer, M., A. Al-Hamadi, M. M. Meinecke, and R. Mende. "Requirements on automotive radar systems for enhanced pedestrian protection." In 2012 13th International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irs.2012.6233286.

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5

Tang, Bo, Stanley Chien, Zhi Huang, and Yaobin Chen. "Pedestrian protection using the integration of V2V and the Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking System." In 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2016.7795913.

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6

Shuler, Stephen, Frank Mooijman, and Alok Nanda. "Bumper Systems Designed for Both Pedestrian Protection and FMVSS Requirements." In SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0214.

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7

Diederichs, Frederik, Tobias Schuttke, and Dieter Spath. "Driver Intention Algorithm for Pedestrian Protection and Automated Emergency Braking Systems." In 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2015.174.

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8

Schratter, Markus, Susie Cantu, Thomas Schaller, Peter Wimmer, and Daniel Watzenig. "Technology from Highly Automated Driving to Improve Active Pedestrian Protection Systems." In WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1409.

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9

Wang, Ying, and Yubin Qian. "Optimization Research of SUV Inner Hood Based on Pedestrian Head Protection." In 2018 International Computers, Signals and Systems Conference (ICOMSSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icomssc45026.2018.8941955.

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10

Easwaran, Sri Navaneeth, and Robert Weigel. "1.3A,-2V Tolerant Solenoid Drivers for Pedestrian Protection in Active Hood Lift Systems." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2018.8351529.

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