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Готові списки джерел за темами / Peak Velocity Detection

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Peak Velocity Detection"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Peak Velocity Detection"

1

Mazeh, Tsevi, Yuval Krymolowski, and David W. Latham. "Detection of Spectroscopic Triples." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 135 (1992): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100006308.

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Several binary stars detected by the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) radial-velocity surveys were found to be members of triple systems. We present two examples, each requires a different analysis to discover its multiplicity.One example is G176-46, a double-lined halo star of the Carney & Latham (1987) high proper-motion survey. The secondary star (G176-46b) displays large radial velocity variations, in contrast with the primary (G176-46a), which is constant within the error limits. Figure 1 shows two cross correlations of the stellar spectra against the same calculated template taken at different times, which indicate that only the secondary’s peak changes its position. A similar variation was observed previously for ADS 8811 (Mazeh & Latham 1988).We have found the secondary radial velocity to vary with a period of 10.44 days, and therefore conclude that Gl76-46b is a member of a short-period binary system. The orbital solution has an amplitude of 38 km s−1 and eccentricity of 0.05.

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2

Tu, Jiaxun, Xingqun Zhan, Maolin Chen, Han Gao, and Yuankang Chen. "GNSS intermediate spoofing detection via dual‐peak in frequency domain and relative velocity residuals." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 14, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0366.

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3

Hata, Kohkichi, Toshiyuki Hata, and Manabu Kitao. "Intratumoral peak systolic velocity as a new possible predictor for detection of adnexal malignancy." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 172, no. 5 (May 1995): 1496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(95)90485-9.

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4

Newman, Jennifer F., Valliappa Lakshmanan, Pamela L. Heinselman, Michael B. Richman, and Travis M. Smith. "Range-Correcting Azimuthal Shear in Doppler Radar Data." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00154.1.

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Abstract The current tornado detection algorithm (TDA) used by the National Weather Service produces a large number of false detections, primarily because it calculates azimuthal shear in a manner that is adversely impacted by noisy velocity data and range-degraded velocity signatures. Coincident with the advent of new radar-derived products and ongoing research involving new weather radar systems, the National Severe Storms Laboratory is developing an improved TDA. A primary component of this algorithm is the local, linear least squares derivatives (LLSD) azimuthal shear field. The LLSD method incorporates rotational derivatives of the velocity field and is affected less strongly by noisy velocity data in comparison with traditional “peak to peak” azimuthal shear calculations. LLSD shear is generally less range dependent than peak-to-peak shear, although some range dependency is unavoidable. The relationship between range and the LLSD shear values of simulated circulations was examined to develop a range correction for LLSD shear. A linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were investigated as range-correction models. Both methods were used to produce fits for the simulated shear data, although the ANN excelled as it could capture the nonlinear nature of the data. The range-correction methods were applied to real radar data from tornadic and nontornadic events to measure the capacity of the corrected shear to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic circulations. The findings presented herein suggest that both methods increased shear values during tornadic periods by nearly an order of magnitude, facilitating differentiation between tornadic and nontornadic scans in tornadic events.

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5

Li, Punan, and Xiaoli Zhang. "Diagnostic Value and Clinical Performance of Cardiac Ultrasound in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Hypertension." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (May 5, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4238284.

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Objective. To assess the diagnostic value and clinical performance of cardiac ultrasound in patients with chronic heart failure and hypertension. Methods. In this prospective study, between August 2017 and January 2020, 50 patients with chronic heart failure and hypertension were recruited and assigned to the study group and 50 healthy individuals during the same period after physical examinations were included in the control group. Cardiac ultrasound examinations were performed on the participants, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results. The study group had a higher left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and late diastolic peak flow velocity (A wave) and showed lower early diastolic peak flow velocity (E wave) and late diastolic peak flow velocity/lower early diastolic peak flow velocity (E/A) ratio levels than in the control group. The study group had 15 patients with grade I cardiac function (ultrasound detection rate of 100%), 18 patients with grade II cardiac function (ultrasound detection rate of 100%), and 17 patients with grade III cardiac function (ultrasound detection rate of 100%). Grade I cardiac function patients showed the lowest LVEDD, LVESD, and E/A and the highest LVEF than grade II patients, followed by grade III patients. The study group showed higher LVEF and echocardiographic estimation of the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and lower right ventricular lateral wall systolic excursion velocity and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) than the control group. Chronic heart failure with hypertension was associated with high levels of right atrial total emptying volume (RAVIt), right atrial passive emptying volume (RAVIp), right atrial active emptying volume (RAVIa), and right atrial active emptying fraction (RAVIaEF) and low levels of right atrial total emptying fraction (RAVItEF) and right atrial passive emptying fraction (RAVIpEF) versus the healthy status (all P < 0.05). Conclusion. Cardiac ultrasound is a noninvasive operation with low cost, high repeatability, and accurate detection, which can identify right heart function impairment at an early stage, assist clinical treatment, and improve patient prognosis, so it is worthy of promotion and application.

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6

Kuriki, Ayako, Hiroshi Yamagami, Kozue Saito, Shuichi Tonomura, Kazuki Fukuma, Takeshi Yoshimoto, Soichiro Abe, et al. "Effects of calcification on the detection of internal carotid artery stenosis by peak systolic velocity." Japanese Journal of Stroke 41, no. 3 (2019): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3995/jstroke.10636.

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7

Bullock, R., W. Martin, A. Coomarasamy, and M. Kilby. "Detection of fetal anaemia: comparison of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity and liquor OD450." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 23, sup1 (January 2003): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144361031000092862.

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8

DIMITROULAS, THEODOROS, GEORGIOS GIANNAKOULAS, KLIO PAPADOPOULOU, HARALAMBOS KARVOUNIS, HARA DIMITROULA, GEORGIOS KOLIAKOS, THEODOROS KARAMITSOS, DESPOINA PARCHARIDOU, and LOUKAS SETTAS. "Early Detection of Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis Assessed by Tissue-Doppler Echocardiography: Relationship with Neurohormonal Activation and Endothelial Dysfunction." Journal of Rheumatology 37, no. 5 (March 1, 2010): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090931.

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Objective.Cardiopulmonary complications are common in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We assessed cardiac involvement in patients with SSc using echocardiography and investigated the association of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) with echocardiographic measures of myocardial function in sera of patients with SSc who had no symptoms of heart failure.Methods.We prospectively studied 52 patients with SSc (mean age 55.7 ± 10.1 yrs, 51 women), with conventional and tissue-Doppler echocardiography. Plasma NT-proBNP and ADMA levels were measured in all patients. Data were compared with those obtained from 25 healthy controls comparable for age and sex.Results.Patients with SSc had impaired left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular diastolic function expressed by inverted ratio of peak early to peak late transmitral (Mit E/A) and transtricuspid velocity and increased left atrial diameter compared with controls. Peak systolic mitral lateral annular motion velocity and peak early diastolic mitral lateral annular motion velocity (LV Em) were lower, while LV E/Em ratio was higher, in patients with SSc compared to controls. ADMA was significantly related with LV Em and E/Em ratio. NT-proBNP was associated with Mit E, Mit E/A ratio and mitral deceleration time. Significant correlation was also observed between NT-proBNP and ADMA levels.Conclusion.Depressed cardiac function is common, even in asymptomatic patients with SSc. NT-proBNP and ADMA are significantly correlated with echocardiographic abnormalities, providing a potent link for cardiac function, neuroendocrine derangement, and endothelial dysfunction in patients with SSc who have cardiac disease.

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9

Crowder, Nathan A., Michael R. W. Dawson, and Douglas R. W. Wylie. "Temporal Frequency and Velocity-Like Tuning in the Pigeon Accessory Optic System." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 3 (September 2003): 1829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00654.2002.

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Neurons in the accessory optic system (AOS) and pretectum are involved in the analysis of optic flow and the generation of the optokinetic response. Previous studies found that neurons in the pretectum and AOS exhibit direction selectivity in response to large-field motion and are tuned in the spatiotemporal domain. Furthermore, it has been emphasized that pretectal and AOS neurons are tuned to a particular temporal frequency, consistent with the “correlation” model of motion detection. We examined the responses of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) of the AOS in pigeons to large-field drifting sine wave gratings of varying spatial (SF) and temporal frequencies (TF). nBOR neurons clustered into two categories: “Fast” neurons preferred low SFs and high TFs, and “Slow” neurons preferred high SFs and low TFs. The fast neurons were tuned for TF, but the slow nBOR neurons had spatiotemporally oriented peaks that suggested velocity tuning (TF/SF). However, the peak response was not independent of SF; thus we refer to the tuning as “apparent velocity tuning” or “velocity-like tuning.” Some neurons showed peaks in both the fast and slow regions. These neurons were TF-tuned at low SFs, and showed velocity-like tuning at high SFs. We used computer simulations of the response of an elaborated Reichardt detector to show that both the TF-tuning and velocity-like tuning shown by the fast and slow neurons, respectively, may be explained by modified versions of the correlation model of motion detection.

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10

Morris, Nicholas A., Nathan Manning, Randolph S. Marshall, E. Sander Connolly, Jan Claassen, Sachin Agarwal, David J. Roh, J. Michael Schmidt, and Soojin Park. "Transcranial Doppler Waveforms During Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation for Vasospasm Detection After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." Neurosurgery 83, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx405.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is a standard screening tool for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prevention of vasospasm-induced delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage depends on optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure, which can be challenged by neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy. Intra-aortic balloon pumps have been utilized to augment cerebral perfusion, but they change the transcranial Doppler waveform, altering its interpretability for vasospasm screening. OBJECTIVE To assess the features of the transcranial Doppler waveform that correlate with vasospasm. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage that underwent same-day transcranial Doppler ultrasound and angiography. Transcranial Doppler waveforms were assessed for mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, balloon pump-augmented diastolic velocity, and a novel feature, “delta velocity” (balloon pump-augmented velocity − systolic velocity). Relationship of flow velocity features to vasospasm was estimated by generalized estimating equation models using a Gaussian distribution and an exchangeable correlation structure. RESULTS There were 31 transcranial Doppler and angiography pairings (12 CT angiography/19 digital subtraction angiography) from 4 patients. Fourteen pairings had proximal vasospasm by angiography. Delta velocity was associated with proximal vasospasm (coefficient –6.8 [95% CI –9.8 to –3.8], P < .001). There was no significant correlation with proximal vasospasm for mean velocity (coefficient –13.0 [95% CI –29.3 to 3.4], P = .12), systolic velocity (coefficient –8.7 [95% CI –24.8 to 7.3], P = .29), or balloon pump-augmented velocity (coefficient –15.3 [95% CI –31.3 to 0.71], P = .06). CONCLUSION Delta velocity, a novel transcranial Doppler flow velocity feature, may reflect vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intra-aortic balloon pumps.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Peak Velocity Detection"

1

MATERA, RICCARDO. "Novel Ultrasound Doppler Methods for Blood Flow Characterization." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1024345.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Peak Velocity Detection"

1

Ricci, Stefano. "An analytical model of the Doppler spectrum for peak blood velocity detection." In 2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2014.0558.

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2

Zamzmi, Ghada, Li-Yueh Hsu, Wen Li, Vandana Sachdev, and Sameer Antani. "Fully automated spectral envelope and peak velocity detection from Doppler echocardiography images." In Computer-Aided Diagnosis, edited by Horst K. Hahn and Maciej A. Mazurowski. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2551183.

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3

Matera, R., S. Ricci, A. C. H. Yu, B. Y. S. Yiu, and P. Tortoli. "Validation of a novel vector method for blood peak velocity detection in an anthropomorphic phantom." In 2015 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2015.0329.

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4

Matera, R., A. Ramalli, and S. Ricci. "Validation of a Doppler method for peak blood velocity detection in a CFD-simulated carotid model." In 2016 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2016.7728427.

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5

Asaka, Kimio, Yoshihito Hirano, and Kenji Tatsumi. "A Pseudo-Random Frequency Modulation CW Coherent Lidar Using an Optical Field Correlation Detection." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1995.me10.

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Coherent Doppler Lidar is an attractive sensor for remote measurment of target velocity, wind speed and windshear.1 A pulsed laser is usually used for coherent Doppler Lidar.2 Pulsed coherent Lidar needs high peak power, good frequency stability and good spatial characteristics so as to produce a diffraction-limited spot in the far field. The wavelength of 1.5 μ m is highest from the view point of eye-safety, and high quality photo detectors or optical components are easily aveilable at this wavelength for use in optical communication. But it is difficult to get a stable pulsed laser at the wavelength of 1.5 μ m.

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6

Yan, Shi, Binbin He, and Naizhi Zhao. "Experimental Research on Damages Detection of Pipeline Structure by Using PZT-Based Waves." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50131.

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Pipeline structure may generate damages during its service life due to the influence of environment or accidental loading. The damages need to be detected and repaired if they are severe enough to influence the transportation work. Non-destructive detection using smart materials combined with suitable diagonal algorithms are widely used in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Piezoelectric ceramics (such as Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) is one of the smart materials to be applied in the SHM due to the piezoelectric effect. So far, the PZT-based wave method is widely used for damage detection of structures, in particular, pipeline structures. A series of piezoelectric patches are bonded on the surface of the pipeline structure to monitor the damages such as local crack or effective area reduction due to corrosion by using diagonal waves. The damage of the pipeline structure can be detected by analysis of the received diagonal waves which peak value, phase, and arriving time can be deferent from the health ones. The response of the diagonal wave is not only correlated to the damage location through estimation of the arrival time of the wave peak, but also associated with the peak value of the wave for the reduction of wave energy as the guided wave passing through the damages. Therefore, the presence of damages in the pipeline structure can be detected by investigating the parameter change of the guided waves. The change of the wave parameters represents the attenuation, deflection and mode conversion of the waves due to the damages. In addition, the guided wave has the ability of quick detecting the damage of the pipeline structure and the simplicity of generating and receiving detection waves by using PZT patches. To verify the proposed method, an experiment is designed and tested by using a steel pipe bonded the PZT patches on the surface of it. The PZT patches consist of an array to estimate the location and level of the damage which is simulated by an artificial notch on the surface of the structure. The several locations and deep heights of the notches are considered during the test. A pair of the PZT patches are used at the same time as one is used as an actuator and the other as a sensor, respectively. A tone burst of 5 cycles of wave shape is used during the experiment. A wave generator is applied to create the proposed waves, and the waves are amplified by an amplifier to actuate the PZT patch to emit the diagonal waves with appropriately enough energy. Meanwhile, the other PZT patch is used as a sensor to receive the diagonal signals which contain the information of the damages for processing. For data processing, an index of root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the received data is used to estimate the damage level by compare of the data between the damaged and the health peak valves of the received signals. The time reversal method which aimed at increasing the efficiency of the detection is also used to detect the damage location by estimating the arrival time of the reflected wave passing with a certain velocity. The proposed method experimentally validates that it is effective for application in damage detection of pipeline structure.

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7

Ryan, V., J. Khoury, C. L. Woods, and M. Cronin-Golomb. "Photorefractive time correlation filter." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.ww4.

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Previous photorefractive holographic filters are limited by the response time of the material. The time correlation filter recognizes a sequence of individual temporal features which are limited only by the speed of the phase modulators in the reference and input signals. This filter operates using photorefractive time-integrated degenerate four- wave mixing with a reference beam and signal beam incident on one side of the bismuth silicon oxide crystal and an incoherent counter-propagating beam to read out the time correlation hologram. When no modulation is applied to the signal, the phase variations in the reference beam erase the hologram. Experimentally measured signals include square wave phase and amplitude modulation for the detection of similar signals, constant longitudinal velocity signals, and periodic transverse signals. The time correlation filter performs a special form of correlation of temporal signals which is not linearly proportional to the modulation. For example, the velocity detection output is strongest at the reference encoded velocity but also gives smaller peak responses at odd integral multiples of the velocity. The device operation agrees with theory developed from time varying photorefractive theory for general signals.

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8

Motevalli, Vahid, and Siamak Riahi. "Comparison of Measured Transient Ceiling Jet Temperature and Velocity Profiles in the Presence of an Upper Layer With Predictions by LAVENT Computer Fire Model." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47111.

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Development of an upper layer in enclosure fires has a significant effect on the characteristics of the ceiling jet and a direct influence on the placement and performance of fire detection/suppression devices. Detailed transient measurement of ceiling jet velocity and temperature profiles within an upper layer for small-scale fires (2.0 kW and ceiling height of 1 m) are used to analyze the predictions produced by the LAVENT computer fire model. While the model predictions have been compared with large-scale experimental results with fires as large as 33 MW and ceiling height of up to 22m, the large-scale measurements do not have high special resolution and the present work offers a more thorough analysis of the model prediction. Various radiative losses (10–25%) were used to produce predictions that matched the experimental data. Comparison of the small-scale experimental data with the predictions from LAVENT shows that the model, which uses unconfined ceiling jet correlations, does not capture the ceiling jet profile well and over predicts the upper layer temperature during the development of the layer. The peak temperature prediction requires a different radiative loss factor than that which matches the upper layer temperature. In general, the peak temperature measurements are within 10% of the measured value. The velocity is generally over predicted since the retardation of the jet momentum by the upper layer does not seem to be modeled accurately.

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9

Bacon, Robert, Stewart MacKinnon, and Egil Abrahamsen. "Drilling Control System Automation to Control Axial Velocity Optimises Tripping and Drilling Performance." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209712-ms.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to document an ongoing project to optimize the drill-string tripping and casing running speeds, with the view to tripping as efficiently and quickly as the rig limitations allow, but doing so in a safe manner that prevents nonproductive time, both visible and invisible, and retains at all times the wells integrity and allows safe operations. There are many factors that contribute to nonproductive time, these include but are by no means limited to Lost circulation, formation influx, pack-offs and other stuck pipe events which cause delays, problems, lost time, and generally increase risk, and cost of the well, during drilling operations. Such situations can, sometimes, escalate into serious problems that may result in expensive and undesirable technical sidetracks. Couple this with ever more complex wells, (whether they be long horizontal sections, multi-laterals, etc.), drilled in ever smaller and more challenging reservoirs, such as those which are depleted, or at high pressure and or high temperature. Modelling software offers forward-looking simulations that can be used to predict drilling problems and assess the likely effects of remedial options. During real-time monitoring, advanced monitoring and trend analysis software can use downhole conditions and mud properties to forecast hole cleaning, equivalent circulating density (Estimated Circulating Density (ECD)), and temperature changes for the next depth/time interval, based on three tightly coupled real-time dynamic models - hydraulic, mechanical and thermodynamic - that simulate wellbore condition and characterize improvement or deterioration during drilling. These models continuously assess drilling performance, borehole conditions, and associated risks based on real-time symptom detection. The solution and concept presented in this paper showcases a modelling approach which allows all of these situations to be accurately modelled in a transient setting, and then also compared and back modelled using all the available real time high frequency data. This coupled with an automated drilling control system has resulted in safe, record-breaking drilling achievements in the North Sea. The models allow updated safeguards to be applied to the drilling control system to maintain a downhole pressure within the acceptable limits of the open hole formations. It also automatically stops the movement of the drill string in case of abnormal hook loads or surface torques. Since automatic actions can be triggered in case of an unexpected situation, some standard procedures have been fully automated, including friction tests and back-reaming. In prior papers and technologies, the peak surge seen when pipe is first moved and gels are ‘broken’ has been used as the limit for safe tripping, however that precluded further optimization that exists once gels are broken and pipe and fluid is in motion. This optimization process will be discussed in detail in this paper. This ‘dual speed’ optimization approach can be achieved by a more advanced use of mud gel-break and rheology data and a new auto sequence for stepwise axial velocity control. This paper details a project which is a step in targeting an autonomous and optimized drilling process.

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10

Bacon, Robert, Stewart MacKinnon, and Egil Abrahamsen. "Drilling Control System Automation to Control Axial Velocity Optimises Tripping and Drilling Performance." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209712-ms.

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Анотація:

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to document an ongoing project to optimize the drill-string tripping and casing running speeds, with the view to tripping as efficiently and quickly as the rig limitations allow, but doing so in a safe manner that prevents nonproductive time, both visible and invisible, and retains at all times the wells integrity and allows safe operations. There are many factors that contribute to nonproductive time, these include but are by no means limited to Lost circulation, formation influx, pack-offs and other stuck pipe events which cause delays, problems, lost time, and generally increase risk, and cost of the well, during drilling operations. Such situations can, sometimes, escalate into serious problems that may result in expensive and undesirable technical sidetracks. Couple this with ever more complex wells, (whether they be long horizontal sections, multi-laterals, etc.), drilled in ever smaller and more challenging reservoirs, such as those which are depleted, or at high pressure and or high temperature. Modelling software offers forward-looking simulations that can be used to predict drilling problems and assess the likely effects of remedial options. During real-time monitoring, advanced monitoring and trend analysis software can use downhole conditions and mud properties to forecast hole cleaning, equivalent circulating density (Estimated Circulating Density (ECD)), and temperature changes for the next depth/time interval, based on three tightly coupled real-time dynamic models - hydraulic, mechanical and thermodynamic - that simulate wellbore condition and characterize improvement or deterioration during drilling. These models continuously assess drilling performance, borehole conditions, and associated risks based on real-time symptom detection. The solution and concept presented in this paper showcases a modelling approach which allows all of these situations to be accurately modelled in a transient setting, and then also compared and back modelled using all the available real time high frequency data. This coupled with an automated drilling control system has resulted in safe, record-breaking drilling achievements in the North Sea. The models allow updated safeguards to be applied to the drilling control system to maintain a downhole pressure within the acceptable limits of the open hole formations. It also automatically stops the movement of the drill string in case of abnormal hook loads or surface torques. Since automatic actions can be triggered in case of an unexpected situation, some standard procedures have been fully automated, including friction tests and back-reaming. In prior papers and technologies, the peak surge seen when pipe is first moved and gels are ‘broken’ has been used as the limit for safe tripping, however that precluded further optimization that exists once gels are broken and pipe and fluid is in motion. This optimization process will be discussed in detail in this paper. This ‘dual speed’ optimization approach can be achieved by a more advanced use of mud gel-break and rheology data and a new auto sequence for stepwise axial velocity control. This paper details a project which is a step in targeting an autonomous and optimized drilling process.

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