Дисертації з теми "PCCI combustion"
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Kang, Jeongho. "Study on Combustion Improvement in Natural Gas fueled PCCI and Dual Fuel Engines." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180451.
Повний текст джерелаMANELLI, ANDREA. "Engine Technologies for Reduction of Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in Light-Duty Diesel Engines." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2971996.
Повний текст джерелаMANCARELLA, ALESSANDRO. "Experimental analysis of an early diesel PCCI concept and strategies to limit its application constraints." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2846611.
Повний текст джерелаMilovanović, Nebojša. "A study of controlled auto ignition (CAI) combustion in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19906.
Повний текст джерелаVITOLO, ROBERTO. "Reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from vehicles: implementation of low-temperature diesel combustion and development of an advanced central tire inflation system." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2755753.
Повний текст джерелаBoccadamo, Danilo. "Analisi preliminare di combustioni innovative su un motore diesel di piccola cilindrata." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7288/.
Повний текст джерелаBarbieri, Cláudia Caroline Teixeira. "Avaliação da combustibilidade de carvão brasileiro para injeção em altos-fornos em simulador de PCI E em termobalança." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181826.
Повний текст джерелаPulverized coal injection through blast furnace tuyeres (PCI) is a widely practiced technology in blast furnaces to replace part of coke by non-coking coal. Injected coal provides energy and reducing gases for pig iron production process, as well as contributes to reducing pollutants gases emission due to coke saving. Currently all coal injected into Brazilian blast furnaces is imported. The country has large reserves of coal, but this coal needs to undergo beneficiation to reduce mineral matter and sulfur contents. PCI process flexibility allows the employment of a wide range of non-coking coals, which opens the possibility to use Brazilian coal. This work aimed to evaluate properties of Brazilian coal benefited with 18.9% ash content for injection into blast furnaces. The study was conducted through combustion tests employing a modern PCI test rig designed and developed by the Iron and Steelmaking Laboratory (LaSid) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and also a thermobalance in order to draw a comparison between both equipments. In addition to low rank Brazilian coal, two imported coals which are already used for injection were used, one high and one low rank. The combustibility (or combustion efficiency) in a PCI test rig was evaluated by burnout, calculated by the ash tracer method, a mass balance between the amount of ash that enters and leaves the reactor. Peak temperature was the parameter adopted to evaluate combustibility in thermobalance, corresponding to the maximum rate of reaction. It was also evaluated the CO2 reactivity of chars generated in the PCI test rig, since char leaving the combustion zone passes through a CO2 rich area. Statistical analysis revealed that burnout technique proved to be efficient enough to differentiate coals with different volatile matter contents, but not in the case of coals with similar volatile matter contents. In PCI test rig the influence of volatile matter was more pronunced than rank and in thermobalance rank had more effect on combustibility than volatile matter. Brazilian coal showed properties comparable to the ones of imported low rank coal already in use for PCI. This is a great advantage, since it would make it possible to use it in ironmaking.
Gill, Trilochan Singh Materials Science & Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effect of PCI blending on combustion characteristics for iron-making." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43425.
Повний текст джерелаPillai, Rahul Radhakrishna. "Efficiency analysis of varying EGR under PCI mode of combustion in a light duty diesel engine." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86042.
Повний текст джерелаPohlmann, Juliana Gonçalves. "Avaliação da combustibilidade e reatividade de biomassas termicamente tratadas e carvões com vistas à injeção em altos-fornos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115282.
Повний текст джерелаPulverized Coal Injection (PCI) in the blast furnace tuyeres is a promising technology for incorporation of thermally-treated biomasses and it is a way to reduce CO2 emissions in ironmaking processes. The aim of this work was to evaluate combustibility and CO2 reactivity of laboratory torrefied (250°C) and carbonized (450°) olive stone and woody biomasses, comparing with typical PCI coals. The transformations produced in biomasses due to torrefaction and carbonization were evaluated by chemical analyses, combustion tests in thermobalance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical and electron microscopy and adsorption techniques. Combustion experiments were carried out in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) under conventional (O2/N2) and oxy-fuel (O2/CO2) atmospheres and the chars collected were characterized by its structure and CO2 reactivity in thermobalance. Reactivity tests were also conducted in thermobalance with blends of thermally-treated eucalyptus and coals. Torrefied samples maintained high contents of volatile matter, typical of raw biomasses, while carbonized biomasses showed carbon contents and high heating values similar to that of high rank coals, retaining low ash and sulfur contents. However, its high alkali and phosphorus contents could be a limiting factor to the use in blends for PCI. The thermal treatments of biomasses lead to a gradual decomposition of wood components and to a progressive homogenization of cell structure, associated to an increase in aromaticity and porosity. In general, the lower the thermal treatment temperature, the higher was the burnout in the DTF. Compared to conventional atmosphere, oxy-fuel combustion led to the highest burnouts for all biomass chars. The carbonized biomasses showed higher burnouts than the high-volatile coal and olive stone showed burnouts similar to a low-volatile coal. The chars from the torrefied biomasses showed isotropic cenospheric structures with high porosity within the walls and the chars from the carbonized biomasses preserved the morphology seen in original carbonized samples. The biomass chars presented highly porosity, with micro and mesoporosity in average, 5 and 15 times greater than the coal chars, respectively. In relation to the CO2 reactivity tests, in general, the torrefied biomass chars were more reactive than the carbonized biomass chars. However, due to its higher surface areas, structure arrangement and morphology, the carbonized biomass chars were at least 10 times more reactive than the high-volatile coal chars. The blends of high-volatile coal and carbonized eucalyptus showed good additivity in the CO2 reactivity tests in thermobalance.
JÃnior, Francisco Necy Alves. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of gypsum with the incorporation of the products of coal combustion." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15321.
Повний текст джерелаThe accelerated industrial development of recent decades has been touted as one of the most impacting factors on the environmental imbalance. For this reason, research has been developed aiming, among other objectives, the reuse of waste generated by industrial processes as raw materials or inputs in other processes. This study aims to investigate the viability of using waste generated by the combustion of coal in power plants as an additive in the production of gypsum parts for construction. Coal combustion products (CCP) are already being applied in the construction industry as an additive in concrete, but their use in gypsum masses is very limited, which motivated the current reseach project. Initially the influence of water by varying the addition on mass in 5 levels between 10 and 50% was evaluated in order choose the best ratio water / gypsum about the mechanical properties. The materials used were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy X-ray (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production process used for making the specimens was the so-called UCOS (portuguese acronym for the initials of wetting, compaction and drying), with pressure of 10 MPa. Then, test pieces were prepared with incorporation of PCC to the mass of gypsum in 5 levels between 10 and 50% to analyze the influence of these additions on mechanical properties, which was evaluated by compression tests, hardness and three point bending. The results determined that the water/gypsum (a/g) that provides the best mechanical properties is 0.2, which is used in the evaluation stage of the specimens with addition of PCC. It was concluded that, in general, increasing the incorporation of the waste was damaging to the mechanical properties of the gypsum block. Nonetheless, the studied conditions meet the requirements of NBR 13207, except for the condition with incorporation of 50% of PCC. In general, the mechanical properties behaved in similarly conditions between 10 and 20% of PCC, but the evolution from 20 to 30% caused a significant decrease in the results. Thus, it is concluded that the condition of 20% PCC in plaster and ratio a/g 0,2 meets the standard, ensures recycling of waste and, due to the pressing process, has better mechanical strength compared to the usual products.
O acelerado desenvolvimento industrial das ultimas dÃcadas tem sido apontado como um dos fatores mais impactantes sobre o desequilÃbrio ambiental. Por esse motivo, pesquisas vÃm sendo desenvolvidas visando o reaproveitamento dos resÃduos gerados pelos processos produtivos industriais como matÃrias-primas ou insumos em outros processos. Este trabalho objetiva investigar a viabilidade de se utilizar um resÃduo gerado pela combustÃo de carvÃo mineral em usinas termoelÃtricas como aditivo na produÃÃo de peÃas de gesso para a construÃÃo civil. Este produto da combustÃo de carvÃo (PCC) jà vem sendo aplicado nas indÃstrias de construÃÃo civil como aditivo em cimento, porÃm sua utilizaÃÃo em massas de gesso à bastante restrita. Inicialmente foi avaliada a influÃncia da Ãgua pela variaÃÃo da sua adiÃÃo à massa de gesso em 5 nÃveis entre 10 e 50%, visando escolha da melhor relaÃÃo Ãgua/gesso quanto Ãs propriedades mecÃnicas. Os materiais utilizados foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de fluorescÃncia de raios-X (FRX), difraÃÃo de raios-X (DRX), espectroscopia de absorÃÃo no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDS) e microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura (MEV).O processo produtivo utilizado para confecÃÃo dos corpos de prova foi o de Umedecimento, CompactaÃÃo e Secagem (UCOS), com pressÃo de 10 MPa. Em seguida, foram confeccionados corpos de prova com incorporaÃÃo de PCC à massa de gesso em 5 nÃveis, entre 10 e 50% com a finalidade de analisar a influÃncia dessas adiÃÃes sobre as propriedades mecÃnicas, o que foi avaliado por ensaios de compressÃo, dureza e flexÃo em trÃs pontos. Os resultados obtidos determinaram que a relaÃÃo Ãgua/gesso (a/g) que fornece as melhores propriedades mecÃnicas à a de 0,2, sendo esta utilizada na etapa de avaliaÃÃo dos corpos de prova com incorporaÃÃo de PCC. Concluiu-se que, em geral, a crescente incorporaÃÃo do resÃduo foi danosa Ãs propriedades mecÃnicas do bloco de gesso. NÃo obstante, as condiÃÃes estudadas atendem Ãs exigÃncias da NBR 13207, exceto a condiÃÃo com incorporaÃÃo de 50% de PCC. Em geral, as propriedades mecÃnicas se comportaram de forma semelhante entre as condiÃÃes com 10 e 20% de PCC, sendo que a evoluÃÃo de 20 para 30% gerou queda significativa nos resultados de resistÃncia mecÃnica. Com isso, conclui-se que a condiÃÃo de 20% de PCC em gesso e relaÃÃo a/g de 0,2 atende à norma, permite o reaproveitamento de resÃduos e, graÃas ao processo de prensagem, apresenta melhor resistÃncia mecÃnica comparada aos produtos usuais.
Herraiz, Palomino Laura. "Selective exhaust gas recirculation in combined cycle gas turbine power plants with post-combustion carbon capture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23460.
Повний текст джерелаBarbieri, Cláudia Caroline Teixeira. "Estudos de misturas de carvões e biomassa visando a combustão em alto-forno." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76177.
Повний текст джерелаThe technology of pulverized coal injection into the blast furnace tuyeres (PCI) is used by integrated steel mills worldwide in order to reduce the consumption of coke and thereby the reduction CO2 emissions and the cost of pig iron. As Brazil is the world’s largest producer of pig iron in charcoal-based blast furnaces, it becomes great interest in the use of fine biomass generated during charcoal processing. A good alternative for harnessing this biomass would be the injection into coke-based blast furnaces. The high combustibility is essential for a coal to injection. Moreover, the char (unburnt coal) generated should be highly reactive to CO2, so that it is possible its consumption in the stack of the blast furnace, generating gas for iron ore reduction. This work aimed to evaluate the combustibility and reactivity to CO2 of binary blends of charcoal fines and coals with purpose to PCI. The study was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three coals from different sources and ranks were used to the formulation of the blends. The coals were ground and sieved to a size less than 90 μm diameter. At first were done an assessment of combustibility and reactivity to CO2 of fines charcoal in order to set the suitable particle size to the blends. It was observed that charcoal less than 1 mm is enough to achieve superior results to those found in the coals below 90 μm. The proportions tested were 10, 20 e 50% by mass of charcoal. The blends showed an increase in combustibility and reactivity of its chars in relation to individual coals. Furthermore, considering the chemical of coals under study in terms of ash, volatile matter, sulfur and calorific value it can be considered that binary blends between the coals and charcoal of this work would be satisfactory to PCI in the proportions evaluated.
Xia, Meng. "Etudes expérimentales et numériques de la pyrolyse et l’oxydation du charbon pulvérisé dans les flammes étirées de méthane/oxygène/azote." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC060/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the present work, a laboratory-scale laminar strained configuration is used to investigate the characteristics of pulverized coal devolatilization and oxidation in a mixture of CH4/O2/N2 reactive flow both in conventional air conditions and in oxygen-enriched combustion conditions. Two optical diagnostics, Flame Emission Spectroscopy and measurement of spontaneous emission, are employed for the characterization of flame structure. The spatial concentration evolution of three excited radicals, OH*, CH*and C*2 , are measured and analyzed.1-D simulations using detailed gas-phase kinetics including OH*, CH*, and C*2 sub-mechanisms and coal combustion submodels are performed and compared with experimental data. Qualitative comparison with experiments showed that the current numerical configuration was suitable for the prediction of OH*, CH* and C*2 emission. The predicted results differed with changes to the coal sub-models and kinetic parameters. The devolatilization model and volatile matters seem to play more important roles
Piteira, Maria Margarida Croca. "A construção social da inovação : estudos de caso de organizações portuguesas de base tecnológica." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2440.
Повний текст джерела2009 foi declarado pela União Europeia o ano da criatividade e da inovação . Esta decisão foi orientada pela ideia de que a criatividade e a inovação contribuem para a prosperidade económica tanto quanto para o bem-estar social e individual. Um dos objectivos desta iniciativa é disseminar boas práticas que estimulem a educação e a investigação, e promover políticas de debate com assuntos que lhe estejam relacionados. Todavia, o desfecho da presente dissertação não poderia ter um cenário mais adequado. O incremento do estádio Português de inovação tem sido francamente salutar na primeira década deste milénio. Verifica-se a emergência de um importante nicho no sector de empresas tecnológicas. O saldo da balança tecnológica Portuguesa - as exportações de tecnologia foram superiores às importações - foi positivo, pela primeira vez, nos anos de 2007 e 2008. O trabalho que se apresenta descreve, em tom de louvor, quatro boas práticas Portuguesas que representam um pouco da história da inovação nacional, e que contribuíram - de certa forma - para este cenário. Estas organizações nasceram entre as décadas de 1980 e 2000, tendo sido consideradas pioneiras nos seus projectos de acção. Os trabalhos de investigação tiveram como ponto de partida inspiracional os contributos de Berger e Luckmann (1967), sobre a construção social da realidade; e do grupo MIRP (Minnesota Innovation Research Program - Van de Ven et al, 2000; 1999; 1993; 1990, 1986), sobre os processos de inovação e a sua gestão. Neste sentido, os objectivos propostos nesta análise agregam-se em três conjuntos: i) construir um modelo de análise para as práticas de inovação em contexto organizacional, ii) trilhar uma estratégia metodológica que permita o estudo da inovação como um processo de construção social dos seus actores, e iii) apresentar um conjunto de práticas, através da identificação de determinantes críticos de sucesso que possam, eventualmente, servir de roadmap para todos os que se interessam pelas problemáticas da inovação (investigadores, professores, estudantes, líderes, gestores, consultores). Neste contexto, o caminho metodológico empreendido foi o estudo de caso, seguindo as recomendações de Yin (1994) e de Eisenhardt (1989). Foram circunscritas boas práticas de inovação de organizações Portuguesas de base tecnológica e analisadas à luz do modelo C.R.A.N.I.O. Este modelo, como já se adiantou, foi gerado a partir de uma extensa revisão de literatura, e pretendeu analisar os processos sociais de inovação em contexto organizacional, via a interpretação colectiva dos seus actores e através de um processo de combustão accionado pela organização. Foi concebido como instrumento de recolha de dados e, simultaneamente, como um importante recurso na análise dos mesmos. Isto contribuiu, para que face à potencial simetria e flexibilidade interpretativa (Smith-Doerr et al., 2004; Bloor, 1991; Martin, 1991; Bijker, 1995; Callon, 1980) a que estão sujeitos os fenómenos de construção social, fosse possível uma análise integrativa dos estudos de caso. Por conseguinte, os principais resultados deste trabalho emergem sob as formas: i) teórica - é proposto um modelo de análise para a construção social da inovação, emergindo um novo conceito de inovação e isolando-se as suas dimensões; ii) metodológica - via as aprendizagens expostas à operacionalização do design metodológico; e iii) práticas - são apresentadas acções concretas de actores emblemáticos de inovação.
European Union declared 2009 the year for creativity and innovation. This event is driven by the idea that creativity and innovation contribute to economic prosperity as well as to social and individual wellbeing. The goals of this initiative are: i) to raise awareness of the importance of creativity and innovation for personal, social and economic development; and ii) to disseminate good practices to stimulate education and research, and to promote policy debate on related issues. The level of Portuguese innovation has been quite healthy in the first decade of this millennium. There is the emergence of an important niche in technology companies. For the first time in 2007 and 2008 the Portuguese technologic balance was positive - technologic exports were higher than imports. Current work describes - in tone of praise - four good practices of innovative organizations, which illustrate the course of national history of innovation. They were born between the 1980 and 2000, and they were considered pioneers in their projects of action. The current research was inspired by the work of Berger and Luckmann (1967), namely by their notion of the social construction of reality; and from the work of the MIRP group (Minnesota Innovation Research Program - Van de Ven et al, 2000; 1999; 1993; 1990, 1986), on the processes of innovation and its management. The aims of the current work are: i) to build a model of analysis for the innovation practices in organizational context; ii) to develop a methodological strategy that allows to create a path for the innovation studies as a process of social construction of their actors; and iii) to present a set of practices, by identifying critical determinants of success which may serve as a roadmap for all those interested in innovation (researchers, teachers, students, leaders, managers, consultants). The methodology was the case study, following the recommendations of Yin (1994) and Eisenhardt (1989). Innovation practices of Portuguese technology-based organizations were identified and examined according to the model of analysis - C.R.A.N.I.O. This model was generated from an extensive review of literature and intends to examine the social processes of innovation in organizational context via collective interpretation of their actors and through a combustion process, triggered by organizations. It was designed as a tool for collecting data as well as for their analysis. This strategy contributed to address the potential symmetry and interpretative flexibility (Smith-Doerr et al., 2004; Bloor, 1991, Martin, 1991; Bijker, 1995, Callon, 1980) that constrain the phenomenon of social construction; and it also allows an integrated analysis of case studies. The main results of this study are shown at three levels: i) theoretical - a new model of analysis for the social construction of innovation is presented, and a new concept of innovation is put forward; ii) methodological - via learning expositions through the operationalization of the methodology design; iii) practical - symbolic actions of innovation actors are presented.
Zeng, Kuo. "Solar pyrolysis of biomass at laboratory scale." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаConcentrated solar energy provides heat to drive biomass pyrolysis reactions, which upgrades the feedstock energy by storing solar energy in chemical forms (bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-char). Thanks to high temperature and fast heating rate, more pyrolytic gas with high lower heating value (LHV) can be produced by direct solar pyrolysis. Experiments have highlighted the effect of solar pyrolysis parameters on products yields, composition and properties. The total gas LHV dramatically increases (5-fold) with increasing temperature (from 600°C to 1200°C) and sample heating rate (from 5°C/s to 50°C/s), which is mainly due to variations in the CO and H2 yields. The interaction between temperature and heating rate enhances at both high ranges. The maximum gas products LHV (14 589 kJ/kg of beech wood) was obtained at 2000°C and 450°C/s heating rate. The collected char and tar were analyzed and characterized, which emphasizes the temperature and heating rate effects. And the energy upgrade factor is determined as about 1.5 independent of temperature. At the same time, a 2D unsteady CFD particle model (simplified assumption using first-order Arrhenius type reactions) with heat and mass transfers was developed for solar pyrolysis. Numerical model predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations. Stoichiometric coefficients about the mass fraction of primary tar converted by the reaction to gas and secondary tar were determined at different temperatures and heating rates for the first time. The evolution of the final products and mass losses of biomass are enhanced with temperature and heating rate increase
Lee, Sang-Suk. "Investigation of two low emissions strategies for diesel engines : premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and stoichiometric combustion /." 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
Повний текст джерелаBoyarski, Nicholas James. "Experimental investigation of the effects of piston bowl geometry, nozzle spray angle, and engine control parameters on early injection premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion in a HSDI diesel engine." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58538823.html.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-127).
Chwialkowski, Natalia Ewa. "Novel approaches in determining baseline information on annual disposal rates and trace element content of U.S. coal combustion residues : a response to EPA’s June 2010 proposed disposal rule." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2386.
Повний текст джерелаtext