Дисертації з теми "Paysage – Modèles mathématiques"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-26 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Paysage – Modèles mathématiques".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Dépigny, Sylvain. "Le modèle PAYSAGRI : expérimentation de la sensibilité au paysage des agriculteurs comme facteur des évolutions du paysage rural." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3259/01/depigny_these_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFoudhil, Hadjira. "Développement d'un modèle numérique de dispersion atmosphérique de particules à l'échelle d'un paysage hétérogène." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12525.
Повний текст джерелаDachary-Bernard, Jeanne. "Approche multi-attributs pour une évaluation économique du paysage." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40028.
Повний текст джерелаChiarello, Ernest. "Pyramide stochastique et écologie du paysage : modélisation des structures spatiales par images de synthèse." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10078.
Повний текст джерелаPichancourt, Jean-Baptiste. "Modéliser la dynamique de population à différents niveaux d'observation, et le long de gradients d’évolution du paysage : le cas d'Abax parallelepipus (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S102.
Повний текст джерелаMaigrot, Jean-Louis. "La relation homme-territoire à de grandes échelles d'espace : (contribution à la mise au point d'un modèle permettant, à un niveau communal, de localiser des enjeux territoriaux)." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL020.
Повний текст джерелаVinatier, Fabrice. "Dynamique spatiale du charançon du bananier en interaction avec le système de culture et l'organisation paysagère." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564816.
Повний текст джерелаKpemlie, Emmanuel Kwashi. "Assimilation variationnelle de données de télédétection dans des modèles de fonctionnement des couverts végétaux et du paysage agricole." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555416.
Повний текст джерелаDuthoit, Sylvie. "Prise en compte de l'agrégation des cultures dans la simulation du transfert radiatif : importance pour l'estimation de l'indice foliaire (LAI), de la parcelle au paysage." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30230.
Повний текст джерелаThe leaf area index (LAI) is a key variable involved in many biophysical processes. Indirect measurements methods provide LAI estimations from in situ gap fraction measurements. Inversion of reflectance models provides LAI estimations from satellite data with high repetitivity on large areas; the models usually used are one-dimensional because few entry parameters are needed. In both cases, these models assume that the foliage elements are randomly distributed, that is not the case in most of the canopies. The main objective of this work is to evaluate if the use of a clumping index in radiative transfer models could improve the simulations for heterogeneous canopies, in order to provide better LAI estimations. In the first part of the work, we evaluate LAI estimations provided by the analysis of hemispherical photographs with the CAN_EYE software; it provides LAI estimations assuming leaves randomly distributed or taking into account the canopy heterogeneity with a clumping index. The evaluation is done by comparison with destructive measurements carried out over wheat, maize and sunflower crops. The main results show that the LAI estimations are improved when using the clumping index, but its calculation with the Lang and Xiang method (1986) must be done with great care according to the species. Possible improvements for its calculation are discussed. The second part of the work concerns the analysis of BRDF simulations at field and landscape scales. Taking BRDF simulations with a 3D model as references (the DART model, Gastellu et al. , 1996), we show first that the use of a clumping index in a one dimensional reflectance model generally improves field BRDF simulations for a maize canopy in the red spectral band. In the near infra red, we have best results when the canopy is considered as homogeneous. At the landscape scale, the changes in agricultural land use seem to be the main factor of heterogeneity and this heterogeneity could be partially taken into account with a clumping factor used to simulate BRDF in the visible spectral band. A preliminary study allows us to conclude that LAI estimations from reflectance models could be improved
Villanueva, Villa Antonio. "Services écosystémiques et paysage : Interactions dans un système socio-écologique à la périphérie de la Ville de Mexico." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0020.
Повний текст джерелаIn an era dominated by strong anthropogenic transformations, the search for new approaches to reconcile human activities and natural ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. In this sense, the concepts of "Ecosystem Services" and "Socio-Ecological Systems" are increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and are taken into account in political spheres to draw attention to the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems. These concepts lead to the study of complex links between society and nature, where the spatial dimension and landscape characteristics have a strong influence. However, few studies have been applied in a spatial approach.This thesis presents a research on the spatial dimension of Ecosystem Services, in particulary those of the temperate forests of the mountains on the periphery of Mexico City. Ecosystems have an important role to the human well-being through many ecosystem services. These Ecosystem Services are the result of complex interactions between nature and society.The Central Valley (central zone) of Mexico is a priority area for biodiversity conservation due to the high degree of endemism of the fauna and flora species present. In this zone where several protected natural areas are located, a public-private initiative is seeking to create a new conservation category that includes the management of all these areas. This initiative is known as the "Bosque de Agua" (Water Forest). However, in the "Bosque de Agua" the spatial stakes between nature and society are subject to strong anthropic pressures which are due to mining and agricultural activities and to the urban spread of large conurbations. In this space, these pressures lead to the degradation of natural ecosystems. Research is needed to analyse the spatial dimension of interactions between nature and society, by studying the synergy between Socio-Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Services.The thesis introduces the conceptual framework used to study the links between Ecosystem Services and Socio-Ecological Systems. It is considered in this research that Ecosystem Services are at the centre of the "Bosque de Agua" Socio-Ecological Ecological System.In the spatial modelling section, four Ecosystem Services were evaluated (water supply, wood supply, food supply and local climate regulation).The results of this section include a map of Ecosystem Services by identifying hotspots of Ecosystem Services. These results make explicit in space, through geographically weighted regressions, the impact of landscape characteristics on Ecosystem Services.In addition, the spatial coherence of protected natural areas and the spatial distribution of Ecosystem Services were assessed in terms of area. The objective is to create a typology of natural areas according to the surface area of protected and unprotected Ecosystem Services hotspots.Finally, a third result relates to the perception of local inhabitants of the intrinsic capacity of the "Bosque de Agua" to provide Ecosystem Services. This perceived capacity was assessed through field photo questionnaires
Le, Chevalier Vincent. "Cadres formels pour la simulation des peuplements hétérogènes de plantes en compétition pour les ressources." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493525.
Повний текст джерелаPlanchon, Olivier. "Le relief, les paysages et les formes d'érosion linéaire : leur importance dans le fonctionnement d'un petit bassin versant (Booro-Borotou, Côte-d'Ivoire)." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20085.
Повний текст джерелаRosset, Nicolas. "Simulation rapide d'interactions vent-obstacle. Application à la modélisation de paysages désertiques et à la conception de voiture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4054.
Повний текст джерелаThe air being ubiquitous around us, it is a vital element to take into account to simulate natural phenomena, and design object immersed in this fluid. Depending on their size and nature, objects can be transported, deformed or slowed down by contact with air. In this way, wind erodes and shapes natural landscapes, and vehicles are designed to offer them less resistance. Studying these phenomena involves understanding and modeling wind-obstacle interactions. This is a challenging task, given the non-linear nature of the equations governing fluid flow. Accurately representing fluid behavior often requires the use of time-consuming solvers, which severely limits their use in certain contexts. In this thesis, we explore methods for efficiently describing these wind-obstacle influences in order to simulate them and anticipate their impacts in two use cases where the need for rapid results is crucial: Firstly, we focus on car design, proposing a tool to provide aerodynamic feedback to car designers on the shapes they propose. To enable rapid iterations on the design, this feedback on the flow behavior around the proposed shapes must be interactive. In a second step, we study different approaches to modeling desert landscapes, both simulating dunes and describing the patterns created by sand erosion/deposition around buildings. Here, the obstacle - the terrain - is constantly changing as sand is eroded and deposited by the wind. The wind must in turn be updated at each of these stages. These iterations require an appropriate method to avoid excessive computation times. We overcome these problems by proposing methods that seek the best compromise between computation time and accuracy of the phenomena at work in each case. We identify the necessary flow characteristics to limit the complexity of our algorithms, and present learning-based methods to speed up our algorithms. In the case of car design, we show how to train our aid system on instantaneous, synchronized observations, which are richer in information than averaged data. The neural model we obtain, combined with a learned parameterization of shapes, enables us to invert the problem formulation and propose optimized shapes to the designer. We assemble these tools and demonstrate their effectiveness in the case of 2D profiles.In the case of modeling desert landscapes, we note that saltation is the predominant mode of sand transport, which enables us to simplify our algorithm. Coupled with a fast wind simulation, we obtain an efficient method inspired by both natural sciences and computer graphics. We validate our approximations by comparing our results with real-world measurements.Finally, with a view to inverting the sand deposition algorithm for reverse infrastructure design, we describe preliminary results for accelerating air simulation by developing a self-learning formulation predicting averaged wind over a terrain. As this method is based on neural networks, it shows promise for inverse design
Chifflet, Rémy. "Faune pollinisatrice, paysage et échelle spatiale des flux de pollen chez brassica napus l. (brassicaceae)." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633180.
Повний текст джерелаVannier, Clémence. "Observation et modélisation spatiale de pratiques agricoles territorialisées à partir de données de télédétection : application au paysage bocager." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651991.
Повний текст джерелаPlassin, Sophie. "Élever des bovins dans des paysages éco-efficients. Comprendre et modéliser le processus d’intensification dans les fermes d’élevage d’Amazonie orientale brésilienne." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0028.
Повний текст джерелаAfter 50 years of agricultural expansion in Eastern Brazilian Amazon, environmental policy to reduce deforestation and a set of socio-economic drivers are putting constraints on extensive cattle ranching systems. In response, land use intensification has been gaining momentum as a way to improve livestock production in limited land areas and conserve forest. The process of land-use intensification is poorly understood in this region, particularly in its spatial dimension and in its contribution towards building eco-efficient landscapes, i.e. landscapes where practices and their spatial distribution optimize the use of natural resources. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to document and model the interactions between cattle ranchers’ decisions, landscapes and natural resources in a diversity of cattle farms.Firstly, we conducted a field research in two livestock-oriented regions of Pará state, Paragominas and Redenção. Drawing on interviews, landscape and farm trajectories analysis, we characterized six patterns of intensification, studied what perceptions cattle ranchers have on certain types of natural resources and described the effects of land-use management on such resources. Secondly, we developed an Agent-Based Model to simulate over 20 years the effects of intensive farming strategies on landscape and their natural resources, and assess the feasibility of adopting such management in various agrarian situations. We used the model to compare two scenarios of intensification: one semi-intensive solely based on improved pasture managenement and one intensive based on crop-livestock integration and irrigation.The results show that the process of intensification has led to a spatial rearrangement of land uses. Cattle ranchers prefer to intensify fields with the best biophysical conditions for forage production, as well as those closest to and most accessible from the farmstead. The intensification strategies aim at enhancing the use of multiple natural resources (topography, soil fertility, soil drainage, access to surface and groundwater for irrigation) and optimizing land-use configuration at farm scale. By contrast, during the colonization period, land-use organization was much less correlated to the spatial distribution of natural resources (except for soil fertility from forest ash and surface water), the main goal of farmers being land appropriation. Nevertheless, choice of farming practices and their spatial location differ among farms and according to the degree of heterogeneity of biophysical conditions. Moreover, simulation results show that the process of intensification can reduce the area necessary for animal production. Thus, cattle ranchers can increase herd size while sparing land for forest regeneration. However, low labor availability limits the spatial extent of land-use intensification at farm scale. In terms of landscape dynamics, cattle ranchers locate land-uses according to geomorphological units differently, which leads to various spatio-temporal dynamics of natural resources.Reconciling cattle ranching production and forest conservation in eco-efficient landscape remains an important challenge for Brazilian Amazon. The findings illustrate the importance of assessing the landscape areas most suitable for agricultural intensification and for conservation drawing on knowledge about cattle ranchers projects and the effects of their practices and spatial location on natural resources. Several opportunities and challenges are identified to tackle such challenge. New research perspectives related to decisions understanding, modeling and extension of the scale of analysis are proposed in order to take into account the influence of external factors on decisions and include more ecological and social interactions
Herrault, Pierre-Alexis. "Extraction de fragments forestiers et caractérisation de leurs évolutions spatio-temporelles pour évaluer l'effet de l'histoire sur la biodiversité : une approche multi-sources." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20018/document.
Повний текст джерелаBiodiversity in landscapes depends on landscape spatial patterns but can also be influenced by landscape history. Indeed, some species are likely to respond in the longer term to habitat disturbances. Therefore, in recent years, landscape dynamics have become a possible factor to explain current biodiversity. The aim of this thesis in GIS is part of this historical ecology context. We are dealing with automatic extraction of forest patches and characterization of their spatiotemporal evolution. The objective is to evaluate forest dynamics effects on current diversity of forest hoverflies. (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the agri-forestry landscape of Coteaux de Gascogne. The proposed general approach consists of three main steps: (1) the forest spatial database production from heterogeneous sources, (2) forest patches matching and characterization of their spatiotemporal evolution, (3) species-habitat modeling while integrating history as one of the factors likely to explain hoverflies diversity. Several methodological contributions were made. We proposed a new geometric correction approach based on kernel ridge regression to make consistent past and present selected data sources. We also developed an automatic extraction approach of forest from Historical Map of France of the 19th century. Finally, spatial uncertainty effects on ecological models responses have been assessed. From an ecological viewpoint, a significant effect from historical continuity of patches on forest hoverflies diversity was revealed. The most isolated fragments presented an extinction debt or a colonization credit according to area dynamics occurred in the last time-period (1970-2010). As it turns out, 30 years was not sufficient for forest hoverflies to reach new equilibrium after isolated habitat changes
Degenne, Pascal. "Une approche générique de modélisation spatiale et temporelle : application à la modélisation de la dynamique des paysages." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1071/document.
Повний текст джерелаSciences dealing with reality be it related to nature, society or life, use models. Some of these models describe the relations that exist between measurable properties of that reality, without detailing the interactions between its components. Other models describe those interactions from the point of view of the individuals that form the system, in which case the overall behaviour is not defined a priori but observed a posteriori. In both cases, it can be noted that the scientist is often limited in its capacity to describe the structures, especially those spatial, which support the interactions. We propose a modelling approach that can be considered intermediate, where the system is studied by examining the nature of the interactions involved and the graph structures needed to support them. By unifying the description of spatial, functional, social or hierarchical relationships, we attempt to lift constraints induced by the form of spatial representation that are often chosen a priori. The basic concepts of this approach have been formalized, and were used to define and build a domain specific language, called Ocelet. The tools related to the implementation of the language have also been developed and assembled into an integrated modelling and simulation environment. It was then possible to experiment our new modelling approach and the Ocelet language by developing models for a variety of dynamic landscapes situations
Zogo, Ekassi Alphonse. "La problématique du développement rural et la dynamique paysanne dans le contexte de la libéralisation économique en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40048.
Повний текст джерелаBellón, de la Cruz Beatriz. "Une approche multiscalaire par télédétection pour la cartographie et la caractérisation des systèmes agricoles à l’échelle régionale." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0002.
Повний текст джерела: In a context of regional land-use planning, agricultural systems’ mapping - crop types and cropping practices – allows monitoring of what is being produced, where and how, and therefore represents a key element for regional assessment of the agricultural production and its environmental impact. The production of information on agricultural systems generally requires a lot of data and expertise. This information is thus very heterogeneous in quantity and quality in space and time, the availability and updates being extremely variable between countries and regions. Remote sensing, through its ability to retrieve synoptic spatial information on the state and dynamics of vegetation from satellite images, represents a valuable tool for agricultural monitoring. However, the conversion of images into regional-scale map products remains a field of research for many applications. This thesis presents original methodological developments in a semi-automatic multiscale approach based on the processing and analysis of optical satellite imagery for the mapping and characterization of agricultural systems at regional scale. The approach is composed of two main methods: (i) regional stratification into landscape units and classification of these units to produce a map of agricultural land-use systems; (ii) field-level segmentation and unsupervised classification of the segments by a “landscape-clustering” method to produce a cropping systems’ map. The methods were developed on a region of intensive agriculture, the Brazilian state of Tocantins, where the cultivated area, as well as the main agricultural land-use systems and cropping systems were successfully mapped from an annual NDVI-MODIS time series and a mosaic of Landsat images. The reproducibility of the approach was then assessed in Burkina Faso, where landscapes are shaped by the smallholder agriculture. Only the cultivated area could be mapped with satisfactory results, highlighting the limitations of these methods and the current offer in satellite imagery given the challenging specificities of this type of agriculture for remote sensing. The resulting maps were assessed with ground-truth data and agricultural statistics, and compared to other existing maps. The results of this thesis show the potential of the new method of regional stratification into landscape units which, based on NDVI time series and combined to the unsupervised “landscape-clustering” classification method, contributes to significantly improve discrimination of crop types and agricultural practices, and allows representing the agricultural systems at different levels of spatial organization. The originality of the developed methods lies mainly in the simplicity of their implementation. They are almost exclusively based on satellite data and require little “expert” intervention and external data, which gives them a high reproducibility potential. Thereupon, this thesis contributes, with these novel methods, to the development of generic tools to support large-scale monitoring of agriculture and to provide decision-support products for reasoned land-use planning
Sfaksi, Nafissa. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des paysages végétaux dans un espace naturel protégé : cas du Parc National de Taza (PNT), Algérie." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20061.
Повний текст джерелаUnder increasing human pressure, natural landscapes in Algeria currently undergoing changes in their composition and structure. This work aims to understand the transformation of landscape plants and highlight their spatio-temporal dynamics. Taza National Park (3807 ha) high biodiversity hotspot in Algeria and Biosphere Reserve served as an experimental site for the proposed modeling. The joint use of statistics and geomatics has provided powerful tools to analyze and model the changes in the structure and composition of natural habitats. Initially the floristic surveys were used to characterize their composition. Six vegetation associations were identified with a tendency to matorralisation forest formations. The use in a second time of Landsat images has achieved a track record Land use / Cover Changes between 2003 and 2011. It has been noticed that there has been an increase of 15.22% surfaces scrub against a decline of 188.57 ha of sclerophyllous forests and 348.15 ha of forest deciduous oak. The calibration of the simulation model proved difficult especially as the evaluation of the relationship between observed and explanatory factors highlighted the complexity of interdependencies in Mediterranean ecosystems. The model evaluation highlighted the studied phenomena complexity and the limitations of available data. Nevertheless, this has allowed us to confirm the trends observed landscape evolution.Overall, this work has enabled a recent mapping of the land, establishing a database on natural habitats and LUCC and developing a forward simulation model of landscape plants.Despite the limitations encountered, this study wanted to be a relevant approach by prospective landscape dynamics modeling in Algeria, which will be extremely useful in the management of sensitive natural areas
Martínez, Godoy Diego. "Agriculture contractuelle et déterritorialisation dans les Andes Equatoriennes. Le cas d’une communauté paysanne au pied du volcan Cayambe - Equateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA033.
Повний текст джерелаBeneficiaries of land reform, indigenous communities located at the foot of Cayambe volcano are witness for almost two decades of territorial changes caused by theexpansion of the agro-industrial activity. Indeed, contract farming which considers smalls rural producers within the dairy production lines of several food industries, is the dominant model in the region. This kind of farming also promotes the reduction of production costs and the risks for the capitalist enterprises operating on the territory. Nevertheless, family farms would face a growing process of desterritorialisation that is increasing with the consolidation of agribusiness power and threatening to Andean community traditions, which are however vital in the process of the territorial construction and reconstruction. Are there still differentiated responses levels of family farmers to face to territorial changes and production-driven strategies led by agribusiness in the Ecuadorian Andes?
Chartin, Caroline. "Effet de l'évolution du parcellaire agricole sur la redistribution des sols et la morphologie des versants cultivés - exemple du Sud-Ouest du bassin parisien." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643554.
Повний текст джерелаKazic, Dusan. "Plantes animées. De la production aux relations avec les plantes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA027.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with animated relationships between peasants and their plants in French fields. For some, plants are sentient and intelligent beings, for others they are working beings, accompanying beings, game beings, suffering beings. Some peasants speak to their plants, others weave loving relationships, and let their plants teach them how to cultivate them in the fields. In describing these relationships, the thesis shows that, thanks to the sensitive relations that these peasants weave with their plants, they animate them by leaving naturalist epistemologies aside. By taking these words seriously, literally, the thesis defends the hypothesis that, in order to prevent the agricultural world from becoming ruins, we must no longer seek to "produce differently", but we must break with the paradigm of production to anchor peasants and their plants in co-evolutionary relationships. By plunging into the history of modernity, that is to say by revisiting the conflict between the peasant world on one side and the modern world on the other, with the arrival of the physiocrats among the French intellectual and policy-making bodies, this thesis shows that the concept of production is based on a universalist and naturalized approach that has been imposed without any empirical basis in the agricultural world and in the modern world more widely
Radoszycki, Julia. "Résolution de processus décisionnels de Markov à espace d'état et d'action factorisés - Application en agroécologie." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis focuses on the resolution of problems of sequential decision makingunder uncertainty, modelled as Markov decision processes (MDP) whose state and actionspaces are both of high dimension. Resolution of these problems with a good compromisebetween quality of approximation and scaling is still a challenge. Algorithms for solvingthis type of problems are rare when the dimension of both spaces exceed 30, and imposecertain limits on the nature of the problems that can be represented.We proposed a new framework, called F3MDP, as well as associated approximateresolution algorithms. A F3MDP is a Markov decision process with factored state andaction spaces (FA-FMDP) whose solution policies are constrained to be in a certainfactored form, and can be stochastic. The algorithms we proposed belong to the familyof approximate policy iteration algorithms and make use of continuous optimisationtechniques, and inference methods for graphical models.These policy iteration algorithms have been validated on a large number of numericalexperiments. For small F3MDPs, for which the optimal global policy is available, theyprovide policy solutions that are close to the optimal global policy. For larger problemsfrom the graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDP) subclass, they are competitivewith state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of quality. We also show that our algorithmsallow to deal with F3MDPs of very large size outside the GMDP subclass, on toy problemsinspired by real problems in agronomy or ecology. The state and action spaces arethen both of dimension 100, and of size 2100. In this case, we compare the quality of thereturned policies with the one of expert policies. In the second part of the thesis, we applied the framework and the proposed algorithms to determine ecosystem services management strategies in an agricultural landscape.Weed species, ie wild plants of agricultural environments, have antagonistic functions,being at the same time in competition with the crop for resources and keystonespecies in trophic networks of agroecosystems. We seek to explore which organizationsof the landscape (here composed of oilseed rape, wheat and pasture) in space and timeallow to provide at the same time production services (production of cereals, fodder andhoney), regulation services (regulation of weed populations and wild pollinators) andcultural services (conservation of weed species and wild pollinators). We developed amodel for weeds and pollinators dynamics and for reward functions modelling differentobjectives (production, conservation of biodiversity or trade-off between services). Thestate space of this F3MDP is of size 32100, and the action space of size 3100, which meansthis F3MDP has substantial size. By solving this F3MDP, we identified various landscapeorganizations that allow to provide different sets of ecosystem services which differ inthe magnitude of each of the three classes of ecosystem services
Soti, Valérie. "Caractérisation des zones et périodes à risque de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift au Sénégal par télédétection et modélisation éco-épidémiologique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00727693.
Повний текст джерела