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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2022

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1

Olamide, Ebenezer, Kanayo Ogujiuba, and Andrew Maredza. "Exchange Rate Volatility, Inflation and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Panel Data Approach for SADC." Economies 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10030067.

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Анотація:
In the Southern African Development Community, the relationships between exchange rate instability, inflation and economic growth remain at the forefront of economic debate because of the historical antecedent and economic clustering of member countries. Nonetheless, much is not known regarding the complexity, complementarity or substitutability of exchange rate instability and inflation on economic growth for SADC countries. This article examined the influence of exchange rate instability on the inflation–growth nexus of the region for the period of 2000 to 2018. Three major techniques of analyses, Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Generalised Moments (GM) and Dynamic Fixed Effect (DFE), were employed in achieving the goal of the study, but the Pooled Mean Group estimator of the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag was favoured by the Hausman test as the main instrument. The GARCH (1, 1) was also employed to generate exchange rate instability. The findings of the study showed that exchange rate instability and inflation have a negative relationship with economic growth of the region. Results further show evidence that economic growth of the region is adversely influenced by the consequential effect of exchange rate instability on inflation: the higher the level of instability in exchange rate, the worse the inflationary-growth relationship of the region. This confirms the menu cost theory of price setting: the higher the rate of inflation, the quicker the exchange rate pass-through effect. It is therefore recommended that policies to ensure appreciation of local currencies should be the priority of member nations.
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2

de Andrade Barroso, José Pedro. "SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 1, no. 1 (2004): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x00495.

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3

Salman, M. A. "Southern African Development Community (SADC): Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses in the Southern African Development Community." International Legal Materials 40, no. 2 (March 2001): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900007129.

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4

CAWTHRA, GAVIN. "Subregional Security: The Southern African Development Community." Security Dialogue 28, no. 2 (June 1997): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010697028002008.

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5

Sauders, Chris, and Dawn Nagar. "South Africa and the Southern African Development Community." Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 29, no. 4 (2013): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20446/jep-2414-3197-29-4-30.

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6

Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "TREATY OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 1, no. 1 (2004): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x00503.

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7

Tjønneland, Elling N. "Making sense of the Southern African Development Community." African Security Review 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2013.823046.

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8

Moyo, Sibusiso, and Charity Manyeruke. "Decision Making in the Southern African Development Community." Journal of Social Science Studies 2, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v2i2.7262.

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9

Lyken Segosebe, Dawn, and John Braxton. "Investigating Engaged Scholarship among Community Development Faculty in the Southern African Development Community." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies 16, no. 1 (2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-7576/cgp/v16i01/1-21.

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10

Schwank, Oliver. "Regionale Integration und Polarisierung: Die Southern African Development Community." Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 22, no. 2 (2006): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20446/jep-2414-3197-22-2-45.

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11

V. Sibilev. "Relations Between Russia and the Southern African Development Community." International Affairs 66, no. 005 (October 31, 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/iaf.62138366.

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12

Nyasulu, K. M., and J. A. Latham. "The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Programme of Action." Southern African Forestry Journal 179, no. 1 (July 1997): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295925.1997.9631154.

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13

Bundoo, Sunil K. "Stock market development and integration in SADC (Southern African Development Community)." Review of Development Finance 7, no. 1 (June 2017): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2017.01.005.

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14

Manwa, Haretsebe. "Competitiveness of Southern African Development Community as a Tourist Destination." Tourism Analysis 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354211x12988225900162.

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15

Mugobo, Virimai Victor, and Misheck Mutize. "Special economic zones (SEZS) in Southern African development community (SADC)." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4art3.

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Анотація:
There have been calls on Southern African Development Community (SADC) governments to device strategies to boost economic growth, structural and infrastructural development. Economists have been recommending that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) would foster long term economic growth rather than borrowing from multilateral institutions, hence Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been established to attract investments. However, there have been arguments against SEZs on the net benefit accruing to the host nation from SEZs. This study applied the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) on 15 SADC member countries’ SEZs profit remittance data and draw a multi-linear regression model to establish the relationship between national income and FDI. The results show that there is a not significant relationship between these variables. Hence there is no net benefit accruing to the host country by establishing SEZs. However long-term benefits may be realised if the companies operating in these zones construct infrastructures and other structural developments.
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16

Bagwasi, Mompoloki Mmangaka. "Linguistic struggles within and beyond the Southern African Development Community." Current Issues in Language Planning 13, no. 3 (August 2012): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2012.703991.

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17

Moyo, Dingani, Muzimkhulu Zungu, Patience Erick, Tshephang Tumoyagae, Connard Mwansa, Shamiso Muteti, Amelia Makhothi, and Keletso Maribe. "Occupational health and safety in the Southern African Development Community." Occupational Medicine 67, no. 8 (November 2017): 590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx071.

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18

CARIM, XAVIER. "Multilateral Trading, Regional Integration and the Southern African Development Community." South African Journal of Economics 65, no. 3 (September 1997): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1997.tb01368.x.

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19

Sherman, Richard, and Noel Stott. "The Southern African Development Community and the Landmine Ban Treaty." African Security Review 9, no. 5-6 (January 2000): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2000.9628084.

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20

Schoeman, Maxi, and Marie Muller. "Southern African Development Community as Regional Peacekeeper: Myth or Reality?" African Security 2, no. 2-3 (November 30, 2009): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19362200903362083.

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21

Tali, Maria, and Nathan Mnjama. "Information audit at the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat." Library Management 25, no. 4/5 (May 2004): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01435120410533783.

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22

Khamfula, Yohane, and Harry Huizinga. "The Southern African Development Community: suitable for a monetary union?" Journal of Development Economics 73, no. 2 (April 2004): 699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.06.003.

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23

Motelle, Sephooko, and Nicholas Biekpe. "Financial integration and stability in the Southern African development community." Journal of Economics and Business 79 (May 2015): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2015.01.002.

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24

Ndulo, Muna. "AFRICAN INTEGRATION SCHEMES: A CASE STUDY OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)." African Yearbook of International Law Online / Annuaire Africain de droit international Online 7, no. 1 (1999): ix—30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161799x00011.

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25

McCormick, P. K. "Telecommunications reform in Southern Africa: the role of the Southern African Development Community." Telecommunications Policy 27, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(02)00094-0.

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26

Bara, A., G. Mugano, and P. Le Roux. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)." Studies in Economics and Econometrics 40, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10800379.2016.12097304.

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27

Taivan, Ariuna, and Gibson Nene. "Financial development and economic growth: evidence from southern African development community countries." Journal of Developing Areas 50, no. 4 (2016): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2016.0154.

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28

Leve, Samkele, and Forget M. Kapingura. "Financial Development and Income Inequality in the Selected Southern African Development Community Countries." Journal of Reviews on Global Economics 8 (December 31, 2019): 1452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2019.08.128.

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29

Salman, Salman M. A. "Shared watercourses in the Southern African development community: challenges and opportunities." Water Policy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0002.

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Анотація:
The countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are characterized by sharp variations in size, population, economic development, as well as water availability. The SADC region is, by and large, arid or semi-arid, and as a result faces tremendous challenges in its water sector. The challenges stem from a number of factors, including the high rate of population growth, urbanization and environmental degradation. Those problems are compounded by periodic floods and droughts. Moreover, the region depends, to a considerable extent, on river waters, most of which are shared by two or more states. As such, those shared rivers could be a source of conflict as well as a catalyst for cooperation. This article examines the water resources problems of SADC, with particular emphasis on its shared watercourses, and analyzes the problems therein and the attempts to deal with them.
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30

Masekameni, Masilu Daniel, Dingani Moyo, Norman Khoza, and Chimwemwe Chamdimba. "Accessing Occupational Health Services in the Southern African Development Community Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 6767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186767.

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Анотація:
Only 15% of the global population has access to occupational safety and health services. In Africa, only 5% of employees working from major establishments have access to occupational health services (OHS). Access to primary health care (PHC) services is addressed in many settings and inclusion of OHS in these facilities might increase efficiency in preventing occupational diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries aiming at assessing the availability of OHS at PHC facilities and the organization of OHS. We conducted a literature review to assess the provision and organization of OHS services. In addition to the review, a total of 23 doctors from Zambia were interviewed using questionnaires in order to determine the availability of OHS and training. Consultations with heads of ministries were done in four SADC countries. Results showed that in the SADC region, OHS are fragmented and lack a comprehensive approach. In addition, out of 23 PHC facilities, only two (13%) provided occupational health and PHC. However, OHS provided at PHC facilities were limited to TB screening and audiometric testing. Our study showed a huge inadequacy of trained occupational health practitioners. This study supports the World Health Organization’s advocacy to integrate OHS at the PHC level.
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31

Lebotse, Kabelo Kenneth. "Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses: Challenges of Implementation." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 1 (March 1999): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000059.

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The Rundu – Grootfontein Project, a project by which Namibia wants to divert waters of the Okavango river, may significantly affect the flow of that river through Botswana. The present paper discusses and tests rules of global and regional international watercourse law as to their applicability to the problems posed by the project. In this respect the UN Framework Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, as well as the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses form the main focal point.
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32

Bittencourt, Manoel, Reneé van Eyden, and Monaheng Seleteng. "Inflation and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Southern African Development Community." South African Journal of Economics 83, no. 3 (February 10, 2015): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/saje.12075.

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33

Mooko, Theophilus. "Language policy and practice in the multilingual Southern African Development Community." Current Issues in Language Planning 10, no. 2 (May 2009): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200802399141.

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34

Letete, Puseletso. "Harmonisation of value added taxes in the Southern African Development Community." International Journal of Private Law 4, no. 3 (2011): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpl.2011.041068.

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35

Mayer, Marina J., and Rosalind H. Thomas. "Trade integration in the Southern African development community: Prospects and problems1." Development Southern Africa 14, no. 3 (October 1997): 327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359708439969.

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36

Magliveras, Konstantinos. "The Southern African Development Community – The Organisation, its Policies and Prospects." International Organizations Law Review 4, no. 1 (2007): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237307x223657.

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37

Ng'ong'ola, C. "Regional integration and trade liberalization in the Southern African development community." Journal of International Economic Law 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/3.3.485.

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38

NZIMANDE, NTOKOZO PATRICK, and HAROLD NGALAWA. "THE ENDOGENEITY OF BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONISATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY." Global Economy Journal 19, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565919500106.

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This paper investigates the endogeneity hypothesis of optimal currency area (OCA) criterion, that is, business cycles synchronisation, in a panel of Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries, for the period 1994–2016. Using a Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), the study finds that, amongst other factors, trade induces business cycles comovement. This finding lends support to the endogeneity hypothesis of OCA theory.
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39

Nizeimana, John Bosco, and Alfred G. Nhema. "Industrialising the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Economies: Prospects and Challenges." Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 2 (January 29, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v3i2.8825.

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Анотація:
<p>This article examines the prospects and challenges of industrialisation as a tool for economic development in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The economic importance of industrialisation is enshrined in its capacity to create job opportunities and facilitate synergies between and among various sectors of the economy. The paper posits that industrialisation is an engine for economic development that can promote sustainable positive social change in any given society. While the perceived view is that, in general, the industrialisation process in Africa has been disappointing; the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has committed itself towards embracing the concept of industrialisation as a tool for economic growth and development. Thus, given the historical failure of this concept on the African continent, it is important to analyse the prospects and challenges likely to be faced by the SADC region in their bid to hasten the industrialisation of their countries. Substantively, the paper relied on documentary research.</p>
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40

Zerihun, Mulatu F., and Marthinus C. Breitenbach. "Nonlinear approaches in testing PPP: Evidence from Southern African development community." Economic Modelling 56 (August 2016): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.04.002.

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41

Carlos Bezerra, Joana, Tony Robert Walker, C. Andrea Clayton, and Issahaku Adam. "Single-use plastic bag policies in the Southern African development community." Environmental Challenges 3 (April 2021): 100029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100029.

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42

Obraztsova, Margarita. "South Africa’s mining companies in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)." Asia and Africa Today, no. 2 (2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750014001-3.

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43

Mbulawa, Strike. "TRADE AND INVESTMENT-LED GROWTH IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 9, no. 2 (2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2021.09.02.002.

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Анотація:
The growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) has been below zero within the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region in recent years. Some member states have consistently experienced negative growth rates for an extended period which has contributed to low growth for the region on average. The lack of consensus on the findings in literature requires further research work to be done to guide policymakers on the potential sources of growth. This study examines the contribution of trade and investment on growth in the context of SADC. It applies the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to test relationships in both short and long run using annual data for the period 1994 to 2019. Findings confirm the existence of the trade and investment-led growth hypothesis. There is a short run, long run, and joint causality from both explanatory variables to economic growth. Cointegration between growth, trade, and investment is confirmed. Specifically, an increase in investment spurs growth in both the short and long run. Investment expenditure seems to double the growth potential in the long run. Additionally, the study shows that an increase in trade openness retards growth which is consistent with the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis. Results suggest that policies that focus on the development and improvements in fixed investment, locally, help to drive the growth potential. The improvement of capitalization by manufacturing-oriented firms, as opposed to primary product-oriented firms, is ideal.
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44

Al-Essawi, Mohammed H. K., and Elijah M. Ntuli. "Accentuating River Border Conflicts and Water Privatization: The Southern African Development Community." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.536.540.

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45

Barnard, Michelle. "Constitutionalising a Human Right to Water in the Southern African Development Community." Utrecht Law Review 16, no. 2 (2020): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36633/ulr.573.

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46

Mapuva, Jephias. "Challenges to regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community bloc." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 4, no. 3 (2014): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2014.063007.

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47

mokoena, thabo m., rangan gupta, and reneé van eyden. "TESTING FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY REAL EXCHANGE RATES." South African Journal of Economics 77, no. 4 (December 2009): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2009.01224.x.

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48

Lumina, Cephas. "Police accountability and policing oversight mechanisms in the Southern African Development Community." African Security Review 15, no. 1 (January 2006): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2006.9627392.

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49

Cowell, F. "The Death of the Southern African Development Community Tribunal's Human Rights Jurisdiction." Human Rights Law Review 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngt004.

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50

Shailemo, Josephine. "The Impact and Aftermath of Coronavirus on Southern African Development Community Consumers." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.01.art002.

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Анотація:
This paper is all about the impact and aftermath of corona virus (COVID-19) on Southern African Development Community (SADC) consumers. Major impacts as well as aftermath of COVID-19 were criticized and analyzed thoroughly to give more clarity. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs, and the study was a descriptive research of a survey kind of. The targeted population was SADC consumers. The sample size of 200 consumers was taken from Namibia and South Africa only among other SADC countries. Questionnaires were drafted distributed and handed to respondents. Primary data was collected by the means of interviews as well as structured questionnaires, while Secondary data was collected from journals and by the use of internet. Data were analyzed and finally presented in a form of tables and pie charts. The two hypotheses (Null and Alternative) testing were identified, which led to the explanation of the phenomena. The study concluded that coronavirus is still affecting SADC consumers but anyway it is a worldwide pandemic and therefore no one knows when it will end. It was difficult for one to determine the exact outcomes of the aftermath of corona virus as it was still skyrocketing.
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