Дисертації з теми "Paw preference"
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Dahlqvist, Hampus, and Tarek Laham. "Uppskattning av betalningsviljan för Peace & Love 2011." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21810.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis the willingness to pay among the visitors of peace & love-festival year 2011 is valued. With survey data based on revealed and stated preferences a regression analysis is presented with different independent variables that characterizes a festival visitor. Total budget is the dependent variable in the regression analysis and is, in this thesis, to be regarded as equivalent to visitors’ willingness to pay. The analysis shows that men in general spend 301 SEK more than women, tourists in general spend 1 124 SEK more than non-tourists and that the average visitor has a willingness to pay valued to 4 183 SEK. A consumer surplus has also been valued, which amounted to 743 SEK per visitor and around 37 million SEK in total for all 50,000 visitors. This thesis does not take into account the economic effects the festival holds on the city of Borlänge.
Akrour, Riad. "Robust Preference Learning-based Reinforcement Learning." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112236/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis contributions resolves around sequential decision taking and more precisely Reinforcement Learning (RL). Taking its root in Machine Learning in the same way as supervised and unsupervised learning, RL quickly grow in popularity within the last two decades due to a handful of achievements on both the theoretical and applicative front. RL supposes that the learning agent and its environment follow a stochastic Markovian decision process over a state and action space. The process is said of decision as the agent is asked to choose at each time step an action to take. It is said stochastic as the effect of selecting a given action in a given state does not systematically yield the same state but rather defines a distribution over the state space. It is said to be Markovian as this distribution only depends on the current state-action pair. Consequently to the choice of an action, the agent receives a reward. The RL goal is then to solve the underlying optimization problem of finding the behaviour that maximizes the sum of rewards all along the interaction of the agent with its environment. From an applicative point of view, a large spectrum of problems can be cast onto an RL one, from Backgammon (TD-Gammon, was one of Machine Learning first success giving rise to a world class player of advanced level) to decision problems in the industrial and medical world. However, the optimization problem solved by RL depends on the prevous definition of a reward function that requires a certain level of domain expertise and also knowledge of the internal quirks of RL algorithms. As such, the first contribution of the thesis was to propose a learning framework that lightens the requirements made to the user. The latter does not need anymore to know the exact solution of the problem but to only be able to choose between two behaviours exhibited by the agent, the one that matches more closely the solution. Learning is interactive between the agent and the user and resolves around the three main following points: i) The agent demonstrates a behaviour ii) The user compares it w.r.t. to the current best one iii) The agent uses this feedback to update its preference model of the user and uses it to find the next behaviour to demonstrate. To reduce the number of required interactions before finding the optimal behaviour, the second contribution of the thesis was to define a theoretically sound criterion making the trade-off between the sometimes contradicting desires of complying with the user's preferences and demonstrating sufficiently different behaviours. The last contribution was to ensure the robustness of the algorithm w.r.t. the feedback errors that the user might make. Which happens more often than not in practice, especially at the initial phase of the interaction, when all the behaviours are far from the expected solution
Clark, Michael D. "Eliciting preferences using discrete choice experiments in healthcare : willingness to pay, stakeholder preferences, and altruistic preferences." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/88792/.
Повний текст джерелаKaneko, Naoya. "Three essays on economic valuation of consumer preferences on genetically modified foods." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127328876.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 168 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Chen, Yun-Ju (Kelly). "Consumer preferences for wool production attributes." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1035.
Повний текст джерелаBub, John L. "Balancing sea duty location preferences with assignment incentive pay." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9966.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of sea pay has always been to motivate sailors to go to sea and to compensate the arduous nature of sea duty. This study will take sea pay one step further by analyzing sea pay as a location incentive pay. By offering a premium to sailors who choose less desirable sea duty locations, we hope to motivate more sailors to volunteer for these locations. This study will use data from the current location assignment incentive pay for overseas locations and the sea pay history to make a determination of the reaction of sailors to a location assignment incentive sea pay system.
Rust, Jennifer, Kalie Heideman, and Elizabeth Hall-Lipsy. "Assessing the Factors Involved in Provider Preference and Willingness to Pay for Informational and Screening Services." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614487.
Повний текст джерелаSpecific Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess rural community members in Cochise County, Arizona, to determine if healthcare screenings and informational sessions are desired by the community members for chronic disease states, and from which healthcare providers the community members prefer to obtain these services. Identify which health professional rural members are most likely to seek for healthcare screening. Identify which health professional rural members are most likely to seek for healthcare informational sessions. Determine if rural community members are willing to pay for healthcare screening and informational sessions. Methods: This descriptive study obtained data through 350 questionnaires distributed during selected Cochise County community events in late 2011. Main Results: 341 surveys were completed. The majority of results favored physicians with 47.7% of the people stating they would very likely attend a health care screening conducted by a physician. 34.5% responded they would very likely attend an informational session conducted by a physician. Of the respondents willing to pay for health screenings, 63.9% would pay $30 or less. 70.9% stated they would not be willing to pay for an informational session. However, the majority of participants, 61.3%, indicated they would utilize pharmacists for OTC questions. Regarding questions about prescription medications, 43.4% would go to pharmacists, and similarly, 44% indicated they use physicians. Conclusions: As seen from the results, pharmacists are underutilized by rural community members; except for OTC questions. Respondents with higher levels of education were also more likely to prefer and attend events held by pharmacists.
Dixon, Simon. "Exploring preferences for compulsory health programmes using willingness to pay." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489655.
Повний текст джерелаSovern, Heather S. "Examining the relationships among core self-evaluations, pay preferences, and job satisfaction in an occupational environment." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/920.
Повний текст джерелаWeiß, Julia [Verfasser], Lucie [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinzerling, and Lucie [Gutachter] Heinzerling. "Therapy preferences in melanoma treatment - Willingness to pay and preference of quality versus length of life of patients, physicians, healthy individuals and physicians with oncological disease / Julia Weiß ; Gutachter: Lucie Heinzerling ; Betreuer: Lucie Heinzerling." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231545844/34.
Повний текст джерелаRyan, Patricia L. "THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THE DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF VULNERABLE PLAQUE RELATED TO HEART ATTACKS." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/535.
Повний текст джерелаSeshagiri, Raghavendra Madhavarao. "Household preferences and willingness to pay water services in Hyderabad, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614012.
Повний текст джерелаMoore, Matthew Luke. "BSE in North America consumer perceptions and willingness to pay for tested beef /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/m%5Fmoore%5F041405.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Ka U. "Studying the relationship between color preference and willingness-to-pay price of Chinese consumers." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2162010.
Повний текст джерелаJobczyk, Krystian. "Temporal planning with fuzzy constraints and preferences." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC259/document.
Повний текст джерелаTemporal planning forms conceptually a part of temporal reasoning and it belongs to research area of Artificial Intelligence and it may be seen as an extension of classical planning by temporal aspects of acting. Temporal planing is usually complemented by considering preferences or different types of temporal constraints imposed on execution of actions. There exist many approaches to this issue. One one hand, there are different paradigms to temporal planning, such as: planning via search in graphs (STRIPS), planning via satisfiability or planning in terms of Markov processes. These approaches are mutually incompatible. In addition, temporal planning requires a subject-specification as it is rather defined in a methodological way. On the other hand, temporal constraints are represented and modeled in different ways dependently on their quantitative or qualitative nature. In particular, Allen’s relations between temporal intervals – an important class of temporal constraints – do not have any quantitative aspects and cannot be considered in computational contexts. According to this situation, this PhD-thesis is aimed at the proposing a depth-analysis of temporal planning with fuzzy constraints which contains some remedies on these difficulties. Namely, two approaches to the representation and modeling of these issues are put forward. In the first one (chapter 2, chapter 3) – fuzzy Allen’s relations as fuzzy temporal constraints are represented by norms of convolutions in a Banach space of Lebesgue integrable functions. It allows us immerse Allen’s relations in the computational contexts of temporal planning (based on STRIPS and on DavisPutnam procedure) and to elucidate their quantitative nature. This approach is developed in a context of Multi-Agent Problem as a subject basis of this approach. In the second one (chapter 4, chapter 5) – fuzzy temporal constrains with fuzziness introduced by preferences are represented in a logical terms of Preferential Halpern-Shoham Logic. It allows us to adopt these result in a construction of the plan controller. This approach is developed in a context of Temporal Traveling Salesman Problem as a subject basis of this approach. Finally, an attempt to reconcile these two lines of representation of fuzzy temporal constraints was also proposed
Cenador, Susanne Tábara. "The Effect of "Drought Tolerant" Plant Labeling on Consumers' Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Ornamental Plants." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7459.
Повний текст джерелаVaníková, Pavlína. "Analýza preferencí pěstitelů energetických plodin pomocí mikroekonometrického modelu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75064.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Ana Carina Vieira da. "Integrating public preferences in biodiversity conservation decision-making: a choice-modelling approach." Doctoral thesis, ISA-UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14959.
Повний текст джерелаThe need to reverse current trends of biodiversity loss is acknowledged by a wide range of international scientific and political initiatives. Along with the scientific and political agenda, the protection of biodiversity has become an important issue in public opinion too. Nevertheless, general public concerns are not typically considered by decision-makers and conservation planning continues to emphasize only ecological concerns ignoring social considerations. But since public involvement is essential for the success of conservation initiatives we must start thinking on how to capture public concerns and preferences so that they can be posteriorly integrated in conservation decision-making. This was the starting point for the present dissertation. This dissertation proposes an economic valuation approach to capture public preferences regarding biodiversity conservation and to translate them into monetary values, so they can be later incorporated in decision-making to ensure a truly societal management. Using choice experiments method allows for a valuation approach focused on biodiversity roles biodiversity plays for human well-being (benefits) rather than on components, which should simplify the cognitive process of preference formation and translation into monetary values. Considering this main aim, four main research questions arose: 1) Is the public aware of biodiversity roles/benefits? 2) Can we translate public preferences for biodiversity roles into monetary terms through economic valuation? 3) Are public preferences affected by the excludability degree of biodiversity roles? and 4) Are public preferences for biodiversity roles influenced by environmental education and a close contact with some of its components? Research results show that the general public share interesting social representations of biodiversity and seems to choose conservation priorities rationally. Additionally, choice modelling seems to be an appropriate approach to capture and translate public preferences into monetary terms allowing for biodiversity decomposing in different roles (or benefits) perceived by the public
N/A
Harper, James Wilkinson. "Stakeholder Perceptions and Preferences for Coral Reef Restoration and Sustainable Resource Management." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1486.
Повний текст джерелаMakweya, Lesiba Florah. "Consumers preference and willingness to pay for graded beef in Polokwane Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3053.
Повний текст джерелаThe demand for animal products is projected to increase progressively due to extensive urbanization, rapid growth of human population and income dynamics. However, the evolution of food demand is strictly linked to the change in consumer preferences. Consumers around the world are progressively becoming more concerned and aware about food standards, quality and safety issues. The purpose of this study was to determine consumers’ preference regarding safe and quality beef and WTP for graded beef in Polokwane municipality. The research surveyed 150 consumers using a structured questionnaire to collect data on consumer characteristics and responses to different bid levels for graded beef. Analytical methods were descriptive statistics, Likert scales, contingent valuation method to evaluate respondents’ mean WTP for graded beef and logit model to determine the dependence of WTP on socioeconomic factors. Results showed that consumers prefer their beef tender, with less fat and bones and labelled with price, grade/class, size or quantity of the product and lastly quality inspection or certification indicator. Over half of the respondents (53%) were aware of grading or classification systems. The results further revealed that most respondents are willing to pay an increase of 16.04 % over the current price for beef. This could be an opportunity for investments in beef label industry. Consumer characteristics including age, income, gender and household size significantly influenced WTP for graded beef in Polokwane Municipality. Marketing strategies considered by beef product investors should target young, female and wealthier consumers. Grading with respect to quality attributes would make beef sales at differentiated prices possible. This will eventually enhance sales volume and returns for all stakeholders along the value chain
National Research Fund
Luo, Jie. "Hispanic Consumers’ Preferences and Willingness-to-Pay for Grass-Fed Beef in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30254.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Balogh, Péter, Daniel Bekesi, Matthew Gorton, József Popp, and Péter Lengyel. "Consumer willingness to pay for traditional food products." Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.03.005.
Повний текст джерелаMcDonald, Jennifer. "Factors influencing premiums on local wines: an exploratory assessment of Kansas wine." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32727.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
While understanding consumer decisions about food choices is complex, the nature of wines makes it even more difficult to decipher how consumers arrive at their choices. Given the perceived importance of "local", how willing are consumers to pay for locally-produced wine? And, what characteristics of the wine influence the premium that consumers pay for it? These are the two related questions that this research seeks to address. The research uses a case study approach to explore how five wine characteristics of local Kansas wine influence the premium consumers are willing to pay. The five characteristics are appearance, aroma, body, taste and finish. The study uses four pairs of wine in the following groups: sweet white, dry white, semi-sweet red and dry red. Each pair is made up of a Kansas wine and a non-Kansas wine. A very well-defined set of focus group participants were invited to taste these wine without knowing the identity of the wines and score them according to their characteristics and then provide an indication of how much they are willing to pay. The case results indicate that the focus group participants were willing to discount Kansas wines in all cases of the four pairs. The factors affecting the discount were finish for sweet white wines, appearance for sweet red wines, taste and aroma for dry white and dry red wines. The implication of this exploratory case study is that while most local residents proclaim their willingness to pay a premium for local wines, when tested against national or international competitors, consumers are unwilling to pay a premium for these local wines because the local wines lack the desired quality the international wines have. The information is important because it provides direction for an entrepreneur seeking to develop local wines to focus on understanding and addressing the characteristics which influence consumers' willingness to pay a premium even as she determines which particular wines current players in the local Kansas industry has the potential to be competitive if they address the characteristics upon which they are penalized by consumers. This, despite this being an exploratory case study, it provides important direction for entrepreneurial action.
Rust, Jennifer, and Kalie Heideman. "Assessing the Factors Involved in Provider Preference and Willingness to Pay for Informational and Screening Services." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623642.
Повний текст джерелаSpecific Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess rural community members in Cochise County, Arizona, to determine if healthcare screenings and informational sessions are desired by the community members for chronic disease states, and from which healthcare providers the community members prefer to obtain these services. Identify which health professional rural members are most likely to seek for healthcare screening. Identify which health professional rural members are most likely to seek for healthcare informational sessions. Determine if rural community members are willing to pay for healthcare screening and informational sessions. Methods: This descriptive study obtained data through 350 questionnaires distributed during selected Cochise County community events in late 2011. Main Results: 341 surveys were completed. The majority of results favored physicians with 47.7% of the people stating they would very likely attend a health care screening conducted by a physician. 34.5% responded they would very likely attend an informational session conducted by a physician. Of the respondents willing to pay for health screenings, 63.9% would pay $30 or less. 70.9% stated they would not be willing to pay for an informational session. However, the majority of participants, 61.3%, indicated they would utilize pharmacists for OTC questions. Regarding questions about prescription medications, 43.4% would go to pharmacists, and similarly, 44% indicated they use physicians. Conclusions: As seen from the results, pharmacists are underutilized by rural community members; except for OTC questions. Respondents with higher levels of education were also more likely to prefer and attend events held by pharmacists.
Loy, Beth A. "Willingness to pay for industrial recruitment : a look at local decision-maker activity versus citizen preference." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=152.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 75 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-54).
Hartter, David L. "Understanding consumers' ornamental plant preferences for disease-free and water conservation labels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34538.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Darby, Kimberly Jeanne. "Consumer Preferences for Locally-Grown Berries: A Discrete Choice Model Estimating Willingness-To-Pay." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392043198.
Повний текст джерелаChapelain, Amandine. "Hand preferences in bonobos (Pan paniscus) for a variety of actions : spontaneous daily actions (non-social and social), bimanual coordination (tube task), tool-use (termite fishing) and induced gestures (begging)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7273.
Повний текст джерелаKanya, Gladys Lucy Wanjiru. "Investigating the criterion validity of contingent valuation-willingness to pay methods." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17210.
Повний текст джерелаWen, Luo. "Research on consumer preference, attitude and consumption intention for modern wooden structures: Case-studies from Japan and China." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227642.
Повний текст джерелаWidyastuti, Hera. "Valuing motorcycle casualties in developing countries using willingness-to pay method : stated-preference discrete choice modelling approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1446.
Повний текст джерелаBechtold, Kai-Brit [Verfasser]. "Consumers' Preferences and Willingness-To-Pay for Functional Dairy Products in Germany / Kai-Brit Bechtold." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038412293/34.
Повний текст джерелаBoissonnet, Niels. "Une Approche des changements de préférence par la délibération partielle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. dissertation aims at providing new conceptual and formal tools in order to model preference changes. To do so, I model a mechanism that I refer to as partial deliberation. Partial deliberation is based on the idea that individuals change their preference by becoming aware of new values. Indeed, their awareness allows them either to reject values they were adhering to or to adopt new values. By critically analysis of the literature on preference changes and on rational choice theory, the introduction emphasizes the main philosophical issues of partial deliberation. The first chapter justifies the five psychological hypotheses on which this mechanism relies and discusses their relation with rational choice theory. The second chapter axiomatically deals with partial deliberation and it formalizes two specific structures : a monotonic structure and partitional structure.Then, the third chapter models a situation of preference manipulation, in which a sender jointly chooses a project and a disclosure strategy in order to manipulate the preference of a receiver. With this model, I account for imperfect empathy and sequential disclosure of values
Mandlhate, Gaby de Nascimento. "REDUCING SURVEY HYPOTHETICAL BIAS THROUGH REVEALED BEHAVIOR PRIMING: A CASE OF STUDENT PREFERENCE FOR BEEF SERVED BY UNIVERSITY DINING." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/81.
Повний текст джерелаMeas, Thong. "THE EFFECTS OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN IMAGE AND PATRIOTISM ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR DOMESTIC VERSUS IMPORTED BEEF." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/27.
Повний текст джерелаPons, Damien. "Mise en place d’enquêtes par préférences déclarées dans le cadre de projets d’étude relatifs au secteur des transports de personnes." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20142.
Повний текст джерелаStated preference surveys are based on choice sets composed by the analyst and proposed to some respondents. Each situation of the choice set is the combination of pre-determined attributes. While declaring the choice they would make if they were confronted to the same situation in reality, respondents reveal their preferences and their perceptions of the attributes.This Phd work presents the results of three stated preference surveys applied in the camp of public transportation. All surveys form a part of more general research programs handled for the sake: of the French railway operator, known as the SNCF (2006/2007) ; of the French railway network administrator, called RFF (2008) ; and of the French research, experimentation and innovation program in land transport, named PREDIT (2010). The use of stated preference methodology was required in order to deal efficiently with the issues of each of those research programs (respectively treating of social pricing ; train supply policy ; fuel rationing policies). The conception, the implementation and the analysis of the surveys have all been carried out during this Phd work in order to warranty control of each parameter and thus high quality results.In accordance with program research objectives, different econometrics treatments have been implemented.This Phd work shows how stated preference surveys may deal with different complex issues and therefore promote the use of this method. Each of these studies have finally strengthened the conviction that stated preferences constitute an efficient and complete tool
Seo, Youngme. "WHO CARES ABOUT SCHOOL QUALITY? THE ROLE OF SCHOOL QUALITY IN HOUSEHOLD PREFERENCE, SCHOOL DISTRICT CHOICE, AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1246567102.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-183). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
Dupoux, Marion. "Structure of preferences, decision-making and the environment : theoretical and experimental approaches." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at providing insights on the (objective and subjective) determinants of the heterogeneity of project evaluations. At first, I analyze how (objective) quantities are incorporated in the cost-benefit analysis. The first main chapter deals with the way cost-benefit analysis is affected by the time distribution of impacts considered. Through the example of land use change from biofuel production, I find that decisions regarding projects with non-constant environmental impacts rely on distorted net present values, which may result in the implementation of actually non-desirable projects or the non-implementation of actually desirable projects. This work is both theoretical and numerical.Second, I investigate the role of the structure of preferences, i.e. whether private goods and environmental goods are substitutable or complementary in providing utility, on individual decision-making in an individual framework and a collective framework. At the individual level (second main chapter), we develop a theoretical model which allows either for substitutability or complementarity depending on the context (income and environmental quality). It results that the income elasticity of willingness to pay can be negative in contexts of between-goods substitutability, which contrasts with usual frameworks which only allow for positive income elasticities (thus the environmental good can never be inferior but is always normal). Our framework also affects the way consumption and environmental quality are discounted, which is all the more relevant in the context of income shocks. At the collective level (third main chapter), we use an experimental approach to analyze the effect of the interaction between individuals with different structures of preferences on contributions to the public good. It results that perfect substitutability is associated with more free-riding than complementarity. However, an aversion to advantageous inequality also emerges from individuals whose preferences underlie perfect substitutability towards those whose preferences are based on complementarity
Ouattara, Aboudou. "La structure par terme du taux d'escompte psychologique : estimation et incidences sur les préférences face au risque et sociales." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe discounted utility theory proposed by Samuelson (1937) is one of the dominant paradigms in economics and management especially in finance where it serves as a basis of the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM) and its version including consumption (ICCAPM). Despite this place, its validity has a framework to explain individuals time preferences has been questioned in recents researches paving the way for amendments and questionings of this framework. Among others, these reseaches introduce the concept of term structure of psychological discount rate. Therefore, a part from exponential discount rate function, we find in the literature seven alternatives discount rate function : Hernstein, proportional, Laibson, Rachlin, Hyperbolic and generalized hyperbolic.Following this work, we initiated a research to provide an answer to the question on the characteristics and driving factors those explain its heterogeneity at an individual level. Thereafter, its relationship with other dimensions of individual preferences (risk and social interaction behavior) are explored. The purpose is to identify among them, the function that is consistent with the observed time preferences, to estimate the underlying parameters and to study the consistency of individual time preference. This research is based on the data collected by experimental study using eighteen time trade-offs, four lottery trade-offs, a dictator game, an ultimatum game and a trust game.Data analysis confirmed previous results on the violation of the time invariant of the psychological value of time hypothesis and established that the studied population is characterized by an heterogeneity with respect to the form of the term structure of psychological discount rate. Individuals are characterized by an Hernstein, Generalized hyperbolic or Laibson psychological discount rate. We found that demographic, social and temporal orientation have a weak link with the individual differences of the term structure of psychological discount rate. Application (a dimension of personality traits) is the most important driving factor of term structure of psychological discount rate forms heterogeneity. We finally established that there is a weak relationship between the parameters of time, risk and social preferences
Fuller, Harry Matthew. "Farmland Conservation Easement Valuation Using an Attribute-based Choice Survey: Comparing Preferences within the United States, Georgia, Ohio and Maine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42761.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Ruokamo, E. (Enni). "Household preferences for energy goods and services:a choice experiment application." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221885.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja koostuu kolmesta tutkimuksesta, joissa tarkastellaan kotitalouksien preferenssejä energiahyödykkeitä ja -palveluita kohtaan. Ensimmäinen tutkimus keskittyy kotitalouksien lämmitysjärjestelmävalintoihin ja niitä määrittäviin tekijöihin. Tämä tutkimus on tehty valintakoemenetelmällä, jonka valintatilanteet sisältävät kuusi eri päälämmitysjärjestelmävaihtoehtoa (kaukolämpö, maalämpöpumppu, puulämmitys, pellettilämmitys, varaava sähkölämmitys ja poistoilmalämpöpumppu). Päälämmitysjärjestelmiä kuvataan viiden ominaisuuden avulla, jotka ovat tukilämmitysjärjestelmä, investointikustannukset, käyttökustannukset, käyttömukavuus ja ympäristöystävällisyys. Tulosten mukaan kotitalouksien preferenssit päälämmitysjärjestelmävaihtoehtoja kohtaan ovat vaihtelevia. Valintaan vaikuttavat sekä tarkastellut ominaisuudet että kotitalouden demografiset tekijät. Tulokset myös paljastavat, että kotitaloudet suhtautuvat myönteisesti hybridilämmitykseen. Toinen tutkimus on menetelmällinen, missä hyödynnetään ensimmäisen tutkimuksen aineistoa. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy yksilöiden kokeman vastaamisen vaikeuden vaikutuksiin valintakoemenetelmässä. Vastaamisen epätarkkuus tunnistetaan valintakoemenetelmässä skaalan ja skaalavarianssin avulla. Tutkimus tarkastelee, kuinka itsearvioidut vastaamisen vaikeutta mittaavat tekijät vaikuttavat keskimääräiseen skaalaan ja skaalavarianssiin valintojen ekonometrisissa malleissa. Tulosten mukaan koettu vastaamisen vaikeus vaikuttaa systemaattisesti ekonometrisen valintamallin parametreihin. Vastaamisen vaikeutta mittaavien tekijöiden välillä on kuitenkin eroja. Tuloksien perusteella vastaajat, jotka kokevat valintatilanteisiin vastaamisen keskimääräistä vaikeampana, tekevät satunnaisempia valintoja. Myös valintatilanteiden koettu realistisuus vaikuttaa skaalaan ja skaalavarianssiin. Kolmannessa tutkimuksessa arvioidaan kotitalouksien halukkuutta osallistua energian kysyntäjoustoon valintakoemenetelmällä. Tämä tutkimus selvittää ovatko kotitaloudet halukkaitta siirtämään sähkönkulutusta ja lämmitystä, ja kuinka kiinnostuneita he ovat dynaamisista sähkön hinnoittelusopimuksista kuten pörssisähkösopimuksesta, yösähkösopimuksesta tai tehoperusteisesta sopimuksesta. Lisäksi tutkitaan vaikuttavatko järjestelmätason päästövähennykset kotitalouksien valintoihin. Tulosten perusteella kotitaloudet suhtautuvat sähkönkulutuksen rajoituksiin selvästi negatiivisemmin kuin lämmityksen rajoituksiin. Kotitaloudet myös vaativat rahallista korvausta valitakseen pörssisähkösopimuksen kiinteähintaisen sopimuksen sijaan. Tulosten mukaan markkinoilla voisi olla tilaa uudenlaisille sopimustyypeille, kuten tehoperusteiselle vaihtoehdolle. Tulokset osoittavat, että kotitaloudet arvostavat järjestelmätason hiilidioksidipäästövähennyksiä. Täten rahallisen korvauksen lisäksi on olemassa myös muita arvoa luovia tekijöitä lisätä kotitalouksien osallistumista kysyntäjoustoon
Drugova, Tatiana. "The Organic Wheat Market: Three Essays on Pricing, Consumer Segments, and the Importance of Labels." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7501.
Повний текст джерелаJanssen, Meike [Verfasser]. "Labelling schemes for organic food : consumer attitudes, preferences and willingness-to-pay in six European countries / Meike Janssen." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018327754/34.
Повний текст джерелаSjöström, Desirée. "Gustatory responsiveness of West African Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) to seven substances tasting sweet to humans." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142267.
Повний текст джерелаSoley, Graham T. "FARMED AND WILD-CAUGHT SHRIMP IN KENTUCKY AND SOUTH CAROLINA: CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR HOMEGROWN BY HEROES, COMMUNITY SUPPORTED FISHERY, AND OTHER QUALITY ATTRIBUTES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/39.
Повний текст джерелаViegas, Inês Ferreira. "Consumers’ willingness to pay for safer, cleaner and animal friendlier beef." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6413.
Повний текст джерелаThe variety of food products available in supermarkets shelves is endless, fulfilling necessities that go beyond the need for food. In such perspective, there are an infinite number of products that might be valued by consumers, but are not available in markets, i.e. non-market goods. Alongside these potential, consumers have increased levels of awareness and concern about the way food is produced, namely food products of animal origin. Some consumer segments are even willing to pay more for products produced under standards they consider to meet their concerns. Within this framework, this thesis’ research topic involves the economic valuation of beef products which are differentiated through the presence of attributes related with beef safety, animal welfare an environmental protection. Therefore, the question central to this research is: Are consumers willing to pay for beef products with specific attributes such as food safety, animal welfare or environmental standards, going beyond legally imposed minimums? This question was answered having in mind the following specific goals: the review of the most relevant technical issues still to be solved and worth analyzing; the discussion during focus groups of consumers’ main concerns regarding animal welfare, food safety and the environment related with beef production and beef products; the implementation of a choice-experiment survey to allow estimating how much, on average, are consumers’ willing to sacrifice from their households’ budgets in order to buy this differentiated beef product, through the use of a MNL model. Our sample of Portuguese consumers stated they are willing to pay a premium for differentiated beef. A high significance for the MNL estimates was achieved and we found evidence of the need to jointly value closely related attributes namely due to the expected presence of very significant negative interactions. Additional conclusions include the suggestion that some of the stated consumer preferences are in fact citizens’ preferences, which may arise from the undisputable public nature of food safety, animal welfare and the environment. Finally, from a corporate perspective, this research shows some potentially differentiating strategies that could be implemented based on attributes such as national origin and traditional production systems.
RESUMO - A variedade de produtos alimentares disponíveis nas prateleiras dos supermercados é interminável, satisfazendo necessidades que vão muito além da necessidade alimentar. Nesta perspetiva, há uma infinidade de produtos que podem ser valorizados pelos consumidores, mas que não estão disponíveis nos mercados. Paralelamente a este potencial, os consumidores têm aumentado os seus níveis de consciência e preocupação com a forma como os alimentos são produzidos, nomeadamente em relação a produtos alimentares de origem animal. Alguns segmentos de consumidores estão mesmo dispostos a pagar mais por produtos produzidos sob padrões que eles consideram atender às suas preocupações. Neste contexto, o tema de investigação desta tese envolve a valoração económica de produtos de carne bovina, que são diferenciados pela presença de atributos relacionados com a segurança sanitária da carne, bem-estar animal e proteção ambiental. Portanto, a questão central desta pesquisa é: estarão os consumidores dispostos a pagar por produtos de carne de bovino com atributos específicos, tais como a segurança sanitária, bem-estar animal ou normas ambientais, que vão além dos requisitos mínimos legalmente impostos? Esta pergunta foi respondida tendo em vista os seguintes objetivos específicos: a revisão das questões técnicas mais relevantes a serem resolvidas tendo em conta a sua relevância para os consumidores; a realização de grupos de discussão para avaliar quais as principais preocupações dos consumidores sobre bem-estar animal, segurança sanitária da carne e meio ambiente no contexto da produção de carne de bovino; a implementação de um estudo de experiências de escolha para permitir estimar (através da utilização de um modelo MNL) o quanto, em média, estão os consumidores dispostos a sacrificar dos seus orçamentos familiares, a fim de comprarem esta carne diferenciada. Esta amostra de consumidores portugueses declarou estar disposta a pagar mais pela carne diferenciada. A elevada significância das estimativas MNL alcançada sugere a necessidade de valorar em conjunto atributos intimamente relacionados, nomeadamente devido à presença esperada de interações negativas muito significativas. As conclusões incluem a sugestão de que algumas das preferências dos consumidores são na realidade preferências de cidadãos, o que pode advir da indiscutível natureza pública da segurança sanitária, bem-estar animal e meio ambiente. Finalmente, do ponto de vista empresarial, esta pesquisa mostra algumas estratégias de diferenciação possíveis, que podem ser implementadas com base em atributos como a origem nacional e os sistemas de produção tradicionais.
This work was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, grant SFRH/BD/37715/2007
Dahlhausen, Johanna Lena [Verfasser], Jutta [Akademischer Betreuer] Roosen, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Salhofer. "Motivation, preference and willingness to pay for selected credence food attributes / Johanna Lena Dahlhausen. Betreuer: Jutta Roosen. Gutachter: Klaus Salhofer ; Jutta Roosen." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099594545/34.
Повний текст джерелаFavre, Cécile. "Analyse en normes l1 et l0 des distances et des preferences : plannification en analyse sensorielle : application au confort d'accueil de sieges automobiles." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20028.
Повний текст джерелаData analysis can be described as all the tools and techniques allowing the representation of said data. Indeed, it is not these which are represented, but instead observed or calculated proximity relations. One can distinguish two main types of methods which supplement each other, both based on the principle of projection. After having shown that neither the first, which analyses notions of likeness, nor the second, which expresses notions of remoteness, can lead to the best representation of a dissimilarities matrix, we set out a new multidimensional scaling approach under the l1-norm. We propose an algorithmic solution to the m. D. S. -l1 problem, called dist, which allows the computation of exact, optimum or heuristic solutions. The adaptation of this model to preferences data is at the origin of prefl and pref0 based on the l1 and l0 standards respectively. They allow the analysis of the preferences of a non-homogeneous population and to trace a number of underlying orders. Last, a paired comparisons planning tool has been developed (p. E. Paires). The link between the result of the analysis of preferences and the recommendations based on instrument-measured variables is established by means of a tolerance calculation. The study presented here deals with the static comfort of car seats. It includes all the steps from the selection of a target population based on anthropometric criteria, through the creation of a representative collection of products, capturing preference and measurement data, up to the data analysis allowing the calculation of tolerances
Kompaniyets, Lyudmyla. "Effect of Nutrition Merchandising and Consumer Preferences on Willingness to Pay for Local Tomatoes and Strawberries in Kentucky and Ohio." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/5.
Повний текст джерелаEngel, Wendy. "Determinants of consumer willingness to pay for organic food in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11242008-080548/.
Повний текст джерела