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Книги з теми "Paw preference"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 30 січня 2023

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Tor, Eriksson. Other-regarding preferences and performance pay: An experiment on incentives and sorting. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Hyŏnjang esŏ pal ro chʻajŭn Hanʼgukhyŏng kwijok makʻetʻing. Sŏul-si: Smart Business, 2006.

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Dohmen, Thomas. Performance pay and multi-dimensional sorting: Productivity, preferences and gender. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.

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Studies, Institute of European Food. A pan-EU survey of consumer attitudes to food, nutrition and health. Dublin: Institute of European Food Studies, 1996.

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Christoph, Inken Birte. Die Zahlungsbereitschaft für gentechnisch veränderte Produkte unter Berücksichtigung der Integration psychometrischer Daten in Choice-Modelle. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2008.

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Bykvist, Krister. Preference-Based Views of Well-Being. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.10.

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This chapter deals with preference-based views of well-being, according to which well-being depends exclusively on preferences or desires. The aim is to spell out this dependency in more detail and discuss the pros and cons of these views, seen as substantive theories of well-being. In particular, it is argued that the standard formulations of preference-based views are defective, mainly because they do not pay due attention to the distinction between comparative and monadic attitudes and values. Further, it is argued that in order to find out how well these views can answer the usual complaints levelled against them, it is crucial to distinguish between object preferentialism and satisfaction preferentialism.

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Surbeck, Martin, and Gottfried Hohmann. Affiliations, aggressions and an adoption: Male–male relationships in wild bonobos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0003.

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The nature of the relationships between males is a characteristic trait of many multi-male group living species with implications for the individuals. In our study population of bonobos, certain male dyads exhibit clear preferences for ranging in the same party and sitting in proximity. These preferences are not reflected in the frequency of aggression towards each other and only to some extent in their affiliative and socio-sexual behaviours. While bonobo males at LuiKotale clearly do not benefit from close relationships in the way chimpanzee males do (cooperative hunting, territorial patrol, mate competition), some relationships might result from close associations between their mothers. In some particular situations, these male relationships can be very important as in the case of an orphan adopted by his older maternal brother. La nature des relations entre mâles est un trait caractéristique de plusieurs groupes qui ont plusieurs mâles, avec des implications au niveau d’individus. Dans notre étude des populations de bonobos, certains dyades mâles montrent une préférence à aller dans le même groupe et s’asseoir proche l’un de l’autre. Cette préférence n’est pas reflétée dans la fréquence d’agression entre eux et est seulement lié, à degrés, à leur comportements socio-sexuels et d’appartenance. Tandis que les mâles bonobos à LuiKotale ne profitent pas de leur fortes relations comme les chimpanzés mâles (chasse coopérative, patrouille territoriale, compétition pour compagnon), ils peuvent aider leur partenaires à supporter le stress de la vie en groupe et peuvent en conséquence contribuer au bien-être des individus. Quelques proches associations entre les mâles peuvent provenir d’associations entre leurs mères. Dans quelques situations particulières, ces relations mâles prouvent leur importance comme dans le cas d’un orphelin adopté par son grand frère maternel.

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Schapira, Lidia, and Lauren Goldstein. Dealing with cancer recurrence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0020.

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When patients conclude active cancer therapy, many experience an elevated degree of awareness and worry about disease recurrence. For most patients, this anxiety is intermittent and tolerable, but for others, it is quite disruptive. Patients’ psychological and cognitive difficulties are not systematically explored during routine medical visits. Receiving the news of cancer recurrence is enormously difficult and so is the disclosure of news for the oncologist. The chapter provides practical tips for disclosing prognostic information. Physicians can and should pay particular attention to patients’ overall quality of life, rather than focusing solely on the medical reality, and strive to balance their own communicative preferences and strategies with the needs of their patients, tailoring their process of disclosing news of recurrence to patients’ expressed preferences in order to facilitate coping and sustain the therapeutic alliance.

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Ibarra, Enrique Ajuria. Cross-border Implications: Transnational Haunting, Gender and the Persistent Look of The Eye. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424592.003.0010.

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The Eye (Gin Gwai, 2002) and its two sequels (2004, 2005) deal with pan-Asian film production, gender, and identity. The films seem to embrace a transnational outlook that that fits a shared Southeast Asian cinematic and cultural agenda. Instead, they disclose tensions about Hong Kong’s identity, its relationship with other countries in the region, and its mixture of Western and Eastern traditions (Knee, 2009). As horror films, The Eye series feature transpositional hauntings framed by a visual preference for understanding reality and the supernatural that is complicated by the ghostly perceptions of their female protagonists. Thus, the issues explored in this film series rely on a haunting that presents textual manifestations of transposition, imposition, and alienation that further evidence its complicated pan-Asian look. This chapter examines the films’ privilege of vision as catalyst of a transnational, Asian Gothic horror aesthetic that addresses concepts of identity, gender, and subjectivity.

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Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. Party Competition. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.001.0001.

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Party competition for votes in free and fair elections involves complex interactions by multiple actors in political landscapes that are continuously evolving, yet classical theoretical approaches to the subject leave many important questions unanswered. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of party competition using the computational techniques of agent-based modeling. This exciting new technology enables researchers to model competition between several different political parties for the support of voters with widely varying preferences on many different issues. The book models party competition as a true dynamic process in which political parties rise and fall, a process where different politicians attack the same political problem in very different ways, and where today's political actors, lacking perfect information about the potential consequences of their choices, must constantly adapt their behavior to yesterday's political outcomes. This book shows how agent-based modeling can be used to accurately reflect how political systems really work. It demonstrates that politicians who are satisfied with relatively modest vote shares often do better at winning votes than rivals who search ceaselessly for higher shares of the vote. It reveals that politicians who pay close attention to their personal preferences when setting party policy often have more success than opponents who focus solely on the preferences of voters, that some politicians have idiosyncratic “valence” advantages that enhance their electability—and much more.

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Newman, Abraham L., and Elliot Posner. Legitimacy Claims and Pre-Crisis Transatlantic Alignment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818380.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 focuses on soft law’s second-order consequences for rising regulatory powers. One of the key puzzles in the international regulation of finance is the persistence of cooperation even as the number of economic great powers increases. The emergence of the European Union as a financial rule-maker in the late 1990s and early 2000s, roughly on par with the United States, resulted in a transatlantic alignment of regulatory approaches, not conflict over the fundamentals. This chapter demonstrates how soft law was used by reform-minded factions in Europe to legitimize their claims and tip in their favor political contests over the modernization of internal regulation. International soft law served as a mechanism of endogenous change, helping to foster a great power preference alignment along market-friendly paths and setting the stage for the financial crisis.

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Boadway, Robin. Cost-Benefit Analysis. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.2.

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This is an overview of the methods used to evaluate projects or policies when a normative approach is taken based on individual preferences. The evaluation of individual welfare change is first outlined and related to the concepts of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept. The use of individual welfare measures in project evaluation is outlined. This is followed by approaches to aggregating individual welfare changes. The case for ignoring equity considerations based on the compensation criterion is critically discussed. The use of a social welfare function for cost-benefit analysis is presented, and it application to project evaluation outlined. Several extensions are considered, including the evaluation of non-marketed commodities, the treatment of uncertainty, and multi-period project evaluation. Throughout, the conceptual difficulties of measuring and aggregating welfare change are emphasized.

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Hofmann, Christian, and Laurence van Lent. Organizational Design and Control Choices. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.10.

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Building on new insights from organizational economics, management accounting researchers have highlighted how incentive contracts and performance measure choices complement structural arrangements in firms. We discuss how “slow-moving” elements in organizational design, such as the allocation of decision rights to local managers and interdependencies between different parts of the production function, affect the working of incentives and performance measures. We pay attention to the empirical challenges that researchers face in this area and argues that mixed-method approaches in which economic models are combined with empirical evidence can help to build a body of evidence that is robust and admits cross-study accumulation of knowledge. Finally, we illustrate how recent economic models that incorporate other-regarding preferences can help to bridge the gap between economics-based research in management accounting and more traditional approaches that rely on the behavioral sciences.

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Moore, Imogen. 11. Corporate Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198745228.003.0011.

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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions and coursework. Each book includes typical questions, suggested answers with commentary, illustrative diagrams, guidance on how to develop your answer, suggestions for further reading, and advice on exams and coursework. This chapter examines the law on corporate insolvency. It considers the important and topical subject of corporate rescue, reviewing, in particular, administration (including pre-packaged administrations) and Company Voluntary Arrangements. The chapter addresses several issues relating to liquidation, including: winding up petitions and the meaning of ‘inability to pay debts’; assets available to creditors; distribution of assets to creditors; priority of claims; the pari passu principle; and transaction avoidance (dispositions of property after the commencement of winding up; transactions at an undervalue; preferences; voidable floating charges; and transactions defrauding creditors). The potential liability of directors on a company’s insolvent liquidation is considered, concentrating on wrongful and fraudulent trading and disqualification.

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Forda, Jrad. MA Soeur Preferee M'a Donn� Ce Carnet Pour Que Je N'oublie Pas � Quel Point Elle M'ADORE: Magnifique Cahier de Notes, Belle Cadeau Pour Ton Frere Ta Soeur ... . Independently Published, 2019.

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Rubenzer, Steven J. Assessing Negative Response Bias in Competency to Stand Trial Evaluations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190653163.001.0001.

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Assessing Negative Response Bias in Competency to Stand Trial Evaluations provides a comprehensive guide to assessing malingering, feigning, poor effort, and lack of cooperation in competency to stand trial (CST) examinations. It draws on both the author’s extensive experience as a CST examiner and the vast, dynamic professional literature from forensic psychology, clinical psychology, and neuropsychology on assessing response style. The assessment process is considered from beginning to report writing and testimony, with tips regarding interview strategies, fact patterns and behaviors suggestive of feigning, testing, and creative and ethical use of collateral data. Every major validity test used by CST examiners is thoroughly and critically reviewed, as are others that are promising and not yet widely adopted. This includes self-report inventories such as the MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF, PAI, and SIMS; structured interviews like the SIRS, SIRS-2, and M-FAST; performance validity tests like the TOMM, VIP, 15 item Test, and WMT; and CST-specific tests like the ILK and ECST-R Atypical Presentation Scales. A complete chapter is devoted to means to summarize and combine data from different tests and sources, and another to special populations such as defendants who claim amnesia, are intellectually disabled, or are adolescents. Report writing and testimony considerations are discussed in detail, with implications for the assessment and practice. In Chapter 10, CST examiners’ practices, including preferences for tests and collateral sources, are reported along with the perceived prevalence of various invalid presentation styles. Finally, policy implications of feigning and suggestions for cost-effective practice are provided.

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