Дисертації з теми "Patrimoine culturel – Tchad – 20e siècle"
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Bouba, Deudjambé Eric. "Le patrimoine industriel du XXe s. au Tchad : enjeux et perspectives d'une patrimonialisation des techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0025.
This doctoral research on industrial heritage is a response to the current context, in which issues of cultural heritage enhancement (tangible and intangible) are central to the concerns of governments and non-governmental organisations for the preservation and transmission of collective memory and the human past. The “heritage of industry” also plays a significant role in restoring history in sub-Saharan Africa. For this black-African, and colonial, industrial history, epistemological difficulties arise both in the definition of the subject and in the approach to its appropriation in terms of the different stages of its periodisation. The objective of the research on this subject is to contribute to our knowledge of industrial heritage sites in Chad, and then to propose strategies for the conservation and enhancement of collections of objects and industrial buildings, in order to guide decision-makers in drawing up a framework plan for spatial and cultural reappropriation. The aim is to identify the specific characteristics of this heritage: pre-industrial legacies, influence of colonisation, processes of appropriation or hybridisation, etc. The research methodology undertaken is based on action research on a national scale. The aim of this approach is to combine the methods of economic and technical history with those of industrial archaeology. Its interest lies in the fact that, in addition to reconstructing the economic and industrial history of Chad, based on the material traces of the pre-industrial legacy and the colonial heritage, there is another dimension: that of assessing the possibilities of heritage preservation in relation to the international context and the achievements in the field of industrial heritage in Chad today. This is because Africa's industrial heritage remains little known in its entirety and little promoted
Trifescu, Valentin. "Le régionalisme dans l'historiographie de l'art : valorisation du patrimoine artistique de l'Alsace et de la Transylvanie dans la 1ère moitié du XXe s." Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG041.
Dutour, Juliette. "La construction du patrimoine du Canada entre reconnaissance publique et valorisation touristique : le rôle de la Commision des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada et des organismes de tourisme canadiens (1919-1956)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0014.
The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that Canadian heritage policies and practices emerge, at the very beginning of the century, largely as the result of a tension between the political will to construct a national identity and economic concerns that encourage the government to invest into international tourism. The following study will examine the joint actions of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, the first and main heritage institution in Canada and of tourist organizations, particularly the Canadian Tourism Association and the Canadian Government Travel Bureau. Created in 1919, the Board holds the mandate to identify sites and important national events, which require commemoration, safeguarding and protection by the government. However, lacking financial resources, the Board's action was limited to the establishment of monuments and plaques at historical sites and to the commemoration of historical heroes and events for the country's inhabitants and tourists. Shortly after the Second World War, Canada experienced a sharp increase in tourism. These historical sites were transformed into tourist attractions, which prompted the federal government to acknowledge the problem caused by the slow degradation of the sites due to neglect. The activism of tourist organizations led to the establishment of the first Historic Sites and Monuments Act in 1953, followed by other legislation in 1955 and 1956. This study contends, then, that tourism has played a role as important as public policies in safeguarding historical architecture and in raising public awareness to heritage
Telese, Raffaella. "Il restauro dell'architettura del XX secolo : il caso francese." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS029S.
Sebbene indagato da ricercatori e tecnici da almeno un ventennio, il tema del restauro dell'architettura moderna e contemporanea conserva a tutt'oggi immutata la sua attualità in ambito internazionale. Molto eterogene et sono infatti le posizioni teoriche ed ideologiche rispetto al patrimonio ed all'architettura moderna in ambito internazionale. Spesso contraddette da una pratica operativa troppo frettolosamente orientata verso soluzioni di ripristino dello stato originario, esse oscillano fra la linea dell' unita di metodo, per l'intervento tanto sia sul patrimonio antico che sul moderno, e quella della diversificazione specialistica, giustificata da una serie di caratteristiche e di fattori peculiari di volta attribuiti all'architettura del Novecento. In questo variegato panorama internazionale particolarmente interessante ci è sembrata la posizione francese, caratterizzata da un lungo processo di maturazione attraverso il quale è stata infine predisposta una precisa strategia di tutela e di valorizzazione dell'architettura del XX secolo. L'analisi della pratica del restauro dell'architettura del XX secolo in Francia, nel suo aspetto tecnico e metodologico, constituisce infatti il contributo centrale e originale di questo lavoro, concepito come una dettagliata indagine sul terreno attraverso l'esperienza concreta e attuale di undici cantieri di restauro condotti, fra la line degli anni Novanta e l'anno corrente. L'obiettivo di questo contributo è di fornire il supporto di conoscenze e di elementi indispensabili alla formulazione di considerazioni critiche sulla pratica francese del restauro del patrimonio recente
Le, Hegarat Thibault. "Télévision et patrimoine, des origines à la fin des années 1990." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV018.
This doctoral dissertation aims at helping the understatement of cultural heritage (or patrimony) through the study of its representations (the way cultural history defines them) in a mass media. This works consists in the study of French television programs, aired form the early 1950s to the late 1990s. During this period, in France, television became the media with the biggest audience. Also, the notion of patrimony went through considerable changes, becoming a social phenomenon: and increasing number of French citizens, from all social backgrounds, became interested in heritage. First of all, this work is a study of a subject that was treated in a variety of genres, that became more and more visible over time, and its popularity rises both in and out of the medias. How did the producers and journalists defined patrimony and what did they intend to propose to the audience with it? This work ambitions to better understand the democratization of patrimony in the French society. Was television involved in any way in this change? This media, with its particularities, may have offered a different understanding of the notion, and the representations of patrimony on television may have affected le way viewers see it
Poirrier, Philippe. "Municipalité et culture au XXe siècle : des beaux-arts à la politique culturelle : l'intervention de la municipalité de Dijon dans les domaines artistiques et culturels (1919-1995)." Dijon, 1996. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9aa25ffb-219a-4c8b-b817-8ee9f910ed9f.
A survey of nearly a century of municipal involvement in the artistic and cultural domains reveals both periods of change and continuity. The chronological development of the cultural policies adopted by Dijon can be considered as representative of what happened in the other regional capitals of France. Following on traditions originating in the nineteenth century, the influence of the municipal authority is already perceptible in the early part of the twentieth century, but it was only in the 1960s that a "cultural policy" properly so called began to be formalised. The 1970s, and still more the 1980s, were marked by major qualitative and quantitative developments in the cultural policy. Although remaining a priority throughout the six years following the 1985 election, cultural policy was neglected when the next administration made social problems their main preoccupation. Dijon offers some distinctive features however. For example, the importance of the association bourguignonne culturelle which, for almost thirty years, played a monopolistic role while remaining relatively independent from municipal control
Greco, Elena. "Il Paesaggio Urbano come Bene Culturale : Il dibattito in Italia e in Francia, 1945-2015." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20022/document.
This study aims to trace the roots of the notion of “urban landscape" within the debate on the protection of historic citiesduring the second half of the 20th century. The analysis is carried out through a comparison between Italy and France, whose legal systems are characterized by the public protection of cultural heritage.The analysis covers three main areas: the genealogy of the concept of urban landscape, its variations, and its relation with the theory of the historic centre; the development of legislation and its connection with the cultural debate; the outcomes in urban planning practice. To analyse the theoretical debate on urban landscape the main sources include the most important Italian and French professional periodicals. Urban planning outcomes are analyzed through two case studies on Turin and Lyon, developed by archive research. Although the French and Italian discourses of the post world war II decades have been particularly interesting for the cultural elaboration about preservation and promotion of urban heritage, both Italian and Frenchnotions of urban landscape didn’t succeed in reaching substantial outcomes in term of legislation.The preservation and promotion of urban landscape are still open questions, and the concept of urban landscape as part of cultural heritage is still to be theorized, at least on a legislative level.This study attempts to contribute to this conceptualization
Lefort, Nicolas. "Patrimoine régional, administration nationale : la conservation des monuments historiques en Alsace de 1914 à 1964." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037903.
Verger, Annie. "Conditions sociales de production des producteurs d'art : les plasticiens." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080752.
Taking as a subject the "art producers" rather than the "artists" precisely consists in being interested in the group who actively took part in the redefinition of its identity. The invention of the "plasticien", as a matter of fact, threw a confusion in the usual criteria of adherence to the artist painters, sculptors and engravers'categories, but allowed the heterodox creators to be acknoledged. The purpose was to study the field of artistic production, which appears as a structured space of positions, by defining the stakes and the specific interests, irreducible to these of the other fields. They reveal a state of relation of forces between the "plasticiens", who claimed their autonomy and the establishment, engaged in the struggle for the monopoly of the specific authority. Studying the art producers'social conditions of production comes to determine the chances of access to a powering position in this field. In opposition to that it is usually thought, they go first through school. The illusion that whished for art to contribute struggling against school selection vanishes compared to figures. The domination of upper classes in specialized formations shows that an eliminating work has been exerted, upstream, on workmen, farmers and employees'sons. Neverthless, the degrees obtained in art schools are not sufficient. The "candidate artists" who want to appear on the art market must take up new strategies to be admitted by the specialists. By induction of these facts, il was necessary to mark the criteria of existence as members of the field. The subject of this research was not the "plasticiens" in their totality but the group of art producers who compete for the establishing reputation awarded by a whole of institutions, themselves in competition
Greuet, Mathilde. "Les ruines de guerre dans les Hauts-de-France, 1921 - 2023." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILH002.
The thesis is focused on two historiographical fields: on the first hand, the historiography of the war and the post-war period, and on the other hand, Cultural Heritage studies. For this research, we intend to follow the fate of several war ruins in the Hauts-de-France area in order to study representative cases of the different political and social uses that are made of war ruins from the destruction of buildings to nowadays. In the 20th century, a renewal took place in the desire to preserve war ruins. During the First World War, debates appeared in France concerning the conservation of certain ruins and the modalities of reconstruction in general. Despite the importance of war ruins and debates about them at the time, few buildings are preserved as “Remains and Memories of War” after the war. During the reconstruction, pilgrims and tourists who came to discover the ancient battlefields and to meditate there were interested in the ruins. Despite this, the list of ruins and war vestiges which were supposed to be preserved was gradually reduced to facilitate reconstruction.At the end of the Second World War, the Ministry of Reconstruction and Urban Planning (MRU) was responsible for the reconstruction of the country. Despite everything, a certain number of war ruins remained in the landscape and experienced variable fates. Some were leveled off or buried under new buildings during the reconstruction or town planning operations of the 1960s and 1970s. Other destructions were abandoned and were naturally covered with vegetation. In most cases, we witness the gradual disappearance of the remains due to abandonment and time. Despite everything, war ruins remain visible in our current landscapes in Hauts-de-France. This raises the question of the evolution of the management and recognition of war ruins during the 20th and 21st centuries, but also the question of the challenge of conserving these ruins in the territories. To understand the different dynamics put in place, we propose to study representative cases of the management of war ruins over the last century: The Weppes bunkers, the "Red château" of Villers-Bretonneux, the ruins of Chemin des Dames and those of the Somme, the case of the war memorials to the deads including Noyon's one, the ruins of Amiens, the abbey of Vauclair, the bunker of Éperlecques and finally the Crèche's coastal battery. These examples allow us to show different types of support, as well as the debates and preservation choices to which they lead and the developments in recognition over the long term
Bierwerth, Gesa. "Rapports au territoire et au patrimoine dans un contexte d'après-guerre : tourisme de retour d'expulsés allemands." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34427.
This dissertation deals with the personal links of German expellees of the Second Word War and their descendants with the territory concerned and its cultural heritage. These links are examined in the context of shifts of borders and populations, post-war tensions and more recent developments in and between Germany and the States of East-Central Europe. This study focuses on the return of the German expellees as tourists to their places of origin in Eastern Europe. It is based on ethnological research in tourist groups whose place of origin and travel destination is East Prussia, a former German province. East Prussia is one of the territories lost by Germany in 1945. The German inhabitants of the region flee or are expelled. Henceforth, the province is divided into a Polish, a Russian and a Lithuanian part. The new populations suddenly emerge as the heirs to their enemy’s cultural heritage whose administration turns out to be problematic. During the Cold War the places of origin remain inaccessible to the former German inhabitants and the German cultural heritage literally disappears behind the Iron Curtain. Due to the collapse of the Eastern bloc starting in 1989, these territories become accessible again. Since then expellees have been travelling to their places of origin as tourists. They undertake organised tours in order to find their childhood homes and to discover the area as well as its cultural heritage about which they generally know rather little. In fact, the discovery of cultural heritage sites is central to the guided trips. It is the aim of this dissertation to examine in what way the experience of tourism in combination with cultural heritage affects the relationship of the expellees as well as their children and grandchildren with the past, the territory and its cultural heritage. In particular, the analysis focuses on the interpretation of the cultural heritage by the guides and its effect on tourists. The guides perform a heritagization “from below” and illustrate the direct lineage between the tourists and the people who cultivated the land in the course of the centuries. Hence, they contribute to the creation of new representations of the past for the tourists beyond their personal biographies. Homesickness tourism extends the territory of identification, namely from the childhood home to the area visited. At last, the collective dimension of the relationship of the expellees with the past, the cultural heritage and the homeland is reinforced. Homesickness tourism is positive in several aspects. It engenders a process of reflexion which leads to a disposition towards reconciliation with the present inhabitants of East Prussia, which is also beneficial for the cultural heritage.
Perrot, Xavier. "De la restitution internationale des biens culturels aux XIXe et XXe siècles : vers une autonomie juridique." Limoges, 2005. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01536066.
The cultural objects (monuments, arts works, scientific, religious or ethnologic objects) are regularly menaced by economics or politics stakes. Even, some of them could be separated from their context of origin. The question of the context of origin, and the problems of the return, invite to create a special legal status to some of these objects enough important to derogate to the statute law. Indeed, the property or the prescriptions, often prohibit cultural returns. The statute law can't integrate the symbolic contents of the cultural objects. By analogy, the ancient's legal concepts, as the natural classical law or the Roman law, could improve the modern law. By the way, the cultural objects which are separated and isolated could return to their context of origin
Gagnon-Brouillet, Florence. "Un processus de patrimonialisation vivant et populaire en milieu québécois : la fraise de l’île d’Orléans (1900 à aujourd’hui)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67780.
As part of the cultural history of food, the purpose of this thesis is to show how the strawberry from Île d'Orléans - a real and symbolic incubator promoting the development of agriculture and culinary traditions - has been anchored in a heritage development process based on economic, social and symbolic enhancement measures since the beginning of the 20th century. We therefore propose to analyze the different forms of heritage development at work in this case, namely the reinvestment of the past, the transmission, the anchoring in a specific territory, but above all, the valuation strategies deployed by many actors. How did the association of the place with the product come about, then the product with the Quebec culinary identity? We propose to analyze these questions by lifting the veil on food heritage constructions in Quebec.
Aboulker, Delphine. "La construction de la valeur des maisons d'architectes du XXe siècle : de la patrimonialisation à l'émergence d'un marché." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0060.
Since the end of the 1990s, an international market of 20th century domestic architectural masterpieces has emerged in which they are appreciated no longer as just homes but as works of art. While focusing on France, an early leader in the recognition and preservation of cultural heritage sites, this thesis also consists of a comparative study of Great Britain and the United States. It offers an updated look at the social processes of building the esthetic and economic value of these designer homes: cultural heritage, classification, esthetic réévaluation, acceptance as 'collectors' items, as well as the way the market operates. This study shows that value assessment takes place at the intersection of two systems of actors: those involved with cultural heritage preservation (government, communities and associations) and marketplace actors (owners and realtors). As for the architects, they operate transversally between these two worlds
Deschepper, Julie. "Entre trace et monument. Le patrimoine soviétique en Russie : acteurs, discours et usages (1917-2017)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0028.
Why, how and by whom have the material remains of the Soviet past been preserved – or not – in Russia? In the last fifteen years, this question has aroused an increasing interest. While scholars have mostly interrogated the multiple stakes raised by Soviet-Era monuments in Post-Socialist contexts, this work contributes to explain the current situation analyzing monumental productions through the prism of heritage and with a long-term perspective. Indeed, most of the Soviet-Era sculptures and buildings were already inscribed and designated as cultural heritage during the Soviet period. This study then scrutinizes the various heritagization processes of Soviet monuments, shedding light on the variety of actors they implicated and examining the evolution of uses, roles and functions of transforming Soviet monumental productions into heritage. The making of a heritage proper to Soviet Russia was indeed consubstantial with the establishment of the Socialist regime, especially because it allowed to create and control over its historical memory. Moreover, this analysis contributes to a broader debate on the relation between heritage as a concept and the understanding of space and time in the USSR. The last part of my dissertation explores the new uses of Soviet monuments since the 2000s, revealing the continuity in terms of uses and actors with the USSR, as well as the ambiguities dealing with the Soviet past. Overall, this dissertation intends to contribute to the writing of a cultural history of Russia, to offer new perspectives on the concept of heritage in Soviet context and to give some keys of understanding of Socialist-Era monument’s treatments in Post-Socialist contexts
Blanchard, Nolwenn. "Identité culturelle et patrimoine immatériel : la collection sonore constituée par Herbert Pepper au Gabon (1954-1966)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20062/document.
This study draws on a fund of sound recordings, made in Gabon between 1954 and 1966 by Herbert Pepper, Orstom's researcher. Going through the whole country, the ethnomusicologist and his colleague collected a wide variety of music, tales and other oral expressions, and created the Arts and Traditions’ Museum of Libreville to preserve, catalog and enhance the results of this research in a sustainable way.These records may be considered as representative components of “intangible cultural heritage” of Gabon, a concept which was defined by the Unesco Convention in 2003. Many countries such as Gabon, whose traditions are orally transmitted, were previously rarely represented on the World Heritage List. It’s therefore interesting to trace the evolution and expansion of the concept of heritage since the early nineteenth century, significant moment in Europe which has seen development of interest in the past’s relics, both of collecting oral traditions and conserving material traces in Museum. Today, the advent of digital media has significantly changed practices and conceptions in the area of conservation and heritage development. Through digitization, oral traditions now have suitable tools for their diffusion and it’s possible to continue the work begun by Herbert Pepper when he wished the character « total » to retain for gabonese cultural expressions
Bou, Habib Maria. "Un musée national des beaux-arts pour le Liban ? : de la fondation au renouveau (1954-2017)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100089.
In the fifties, a national collection of fine arts was born in Lebanon. The action of the Ministry of National Education wich build this collection is highlighted in this study. A museum project able to receive the national collection has never been seriously addressed since, and the circumstances of the war did not help into developing this project. A heavy regional atmosphere has served as a catalyst for collective consciousness, questioning, and the museum’s project has been reappearing on the surface. Questions about the heritage and its future are asked, the Lebanese local scene is rich with cultural actions and large-scale exhibitions. A national museum of fine arts for Lebanon? From foundation to renewal, a subject born in a period of instability in the Middle East, is based on a wealth of unpublished archives, it establishes comparisons and surveys in the educational, academic, cultural and heritage fields. The subject opens several perspectives on the possibilities of creating the museum: What will be its mission and in what context could it succeed?
Beghdadi, Ymouna. "Politique culturelle patrimoniale de l'Algérie indépendante (1962-2010) : état des lieux, institutionnalisation, pratiques et stratégies." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010587.
After the independence, Algeria developed a cultural policy for the overall management of its cultural heritage. An assessment of the former indicated deplorable cultural development conditions which were inherited from the colonial era. A policy of institutionalization of the different aspects of the national heritage was implemented gradually, accompanied by the implementation of important laws. The beginnings of Algerian archeology were characterized by empirical practices that typically arose from the lack of qualified human resources. A special attention was given to the Islamic archeology with regard to the significant delay that occurred in the ancient times. However, the difficulties inherent to the implementation of training, insufficient resources, etc...) have contributed to maintain the development of the heritage sector, unfortunately no to the desired extent. A case study that focuses on two the museums, the archeological museums of Cherchel ; the first site museum is of colonial design and creation and the second one is of an Algerian design. This case study highlights the strategies, approaches and practices of the Algerian museums
Schenberg, Virginie. "La filière sardinière en Vendée de 1880 à 2018 : Entre maintien de la tradition et nécessité d’industrialisation." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS016.
The Vendée experienced a boom in the sardine industry as early as the late 19th century due to the invention of canning. The advent of canning led Nantes industrialists to open canneries in the four main Vendée harbours. Alongside this economic development, social movements appeared, as fishermen and cannery workers, initially opposed industrialization. Fishermen and canners were regularly confronted with two restrictive factors : the contingency of the presence of sardines, as well as the conflicts which froze the sector. The emergence of foreign competition woke up the spirits which were mired in internal conflicts. However, faced with a lack of responsiveness and overconfidence in French expertise which manufacturers charged dearly, Spanish and Moroccan sardines invaded the market. Canneries had to close down one after the other, and seafarers turned to other fisheries.Only one sardine cannery survived the sardine crisis in Vendée. It is located in Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, which has become the Vendée capital of sardines thanks to the first wild fish to obtain a red label in 2000. Based on traditional catching techniques, sardine fishing in Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie has been listed in the inventory of intangible cultural heritage in France since 2018. Through the historical study of the choices which have guided the fishermen, the fishmongers, the canners and factory workers, we will shed light on the interactions of the various participants who have made the Vendée sardine industry what it is today
Biard, Sophie. "Les statues issues des fouilles de la Conservation d'Angkor ˸ conservation, restauration, et diffusion de 1908 à nos jours." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA019.
Nowadays, Angkorian statues are world renowned. Their fame being triggered in the early 20th century with the birth of archaeology, the creation of museums and the implementation of conservation and restoration techniques in Cambodia. These practices and structures spread throughout the country during the establishment of the French protectorate. This culminated in the creation of an institution of scientific research: The Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO) and its dependent Conservation d’Angkor created in 1908. The sculptures found in the ruins of Angkor temples were initially brought together, creating a corpus of deposits, in which artifacts were placed into various collections within the country and abroad. Following decolonization, responsibility for the collections was returned to Cambodia. This hand over was underpinned by the legacy of institutions created under the French protectorate, in particular the National Museum. At the same time, Cambodia arranged the sustainability of EFEO work in Angkor. The Civil War that afflicted the country in the late 70’s brutally interrupted the development of national and French institutions for the management of Cambodian heritage. The struggle to emerge from this conflict furthered the wide spread looting of many precious artefacts. Cambodia had to find solutions to prevent this ongoing problem, and to retrieve its stolen artworks. The country received International help to support post-conflict reconstruction. This assistance also involved in the field of heritage management of Angkor and its sculptures, and the creation of new venues for their exhibition. The change in the political landscape of Cambodia throughout the 20th and early 21th century has heavily influenced the evolution of conservation, restoration, and diffusion practices applied to Angkorian statues