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Книги з теми "Pathogen adaptation"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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1

Hsu, Ellen, and Louis Du Pasquier, eds. Pathogen-Host Interactions: Antigenic Variation v. Somatic Adaptations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20819-0.

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2

1966-, Dieckmann Ulf, ed. Adaptive speciation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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3

Le May, Christophe, Josselin Montarry, Cindy E. Morris, Omer Frenkel, and Virginie Ravigné, eds. Plant Pathogen Life-History Traits and Adaptation to Environmental Constraints. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-530-6.

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4

Griffiths, Mansel. Understanding Pathogen Behaviour: Virulence, Stress Response, and Resistance (Woodhead Publishing in Food Science and Technology). CRC Press, 2005.

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5

Pasquier, Louis Du, and Ellen Hsu. Pathogen-Host Interactions: Antigenic Variation v. Somatic Adaptations. Springer, 2015.

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6

Pasquier, Louis Du, and Ellen Hsu. Pathogen-Host Interactions: Antigenic Variation V. Somatic Adaptations. Springer London, Limited, 2015.

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7

Pasquier, Louis Du, and Ellen Hsu. Pathogen-Host Interactions: Antigenic Variation v. Somatic Adaptations. Springer, 2016.

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8

Simões, Isaura, Daniel E. Voth, and Luís Jaime Mota, eds. Obligate Intracellular Bacteria: Evasion and Adaptative Tactics Shaping the Host-Pathogen Interface. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-753-3.

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9

Brüne, Martin, and Wulf Schiefenhövel, eds. Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198789666.001.0001.

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Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, among which biology stands out with regard to the understanding of human physiology and conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunology, including adaptations to dietary innovations, as well as adaptations to exposure to novel pathogens. Rapid pathogen evolution and evolution of cancer cells cause major problems for the immune system to find adequate responses. Moreover, many adaptations to past ecologies have turned into risk factors for somatic disease and psychological disorder in our modern world (i.e. mismatch), among which epidemics of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, as well as several forms of cancer stand out. In addition, depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions add to the list. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is a compilation of up-to-date insights into the evolutionary history of ourselves as a species, and how and why our evolved design may convey vulnerability to disease. Written in a classic textbook style, emphasising the physiology and pathophysiology of all major organ systems, the book addresses students as well as scholars in the fields of medicine, biology, anthropology, and psychology.

10

Ahmed, Hafiz Uddin. Pathogenic variability and adaptation of Septoria tritici to different wheat cultivars. 1993.

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11

Zdziarski, Jaroslaw. The genesis of asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strains: Evolution, bacterial genome plasticity and host-pathogen adaptations of asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strains. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2011.

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12

van den Bosch, Matilda, and William Bird, eds. Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725916.001.0001.

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Much literature on environmental health has described threats from the environment. The Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health: The Role of Nature in Improving the Health of a Population focuses on the role of nature for our health and well-being by demonstrating how we can gain multiple health benefits from nature, and how much we risk losing by destroying our surrounding natural environment. Providing a broad and inclusive picture of the multifaceted relation between human health and natural environments, the books covers all aspects of this relationship ranging from disease prevention; through physical activity in green spaces, to ecosystem services like climate change adaptation by urban trees preventing heat stress in hot climates. Nature’s potential hazardous consequences are also discussed including natural disasters, vector-borne pathogens, and allergies.

13

Dondorp, Arjen M. Other tropical diseases in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0294.

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A wide range of tropical infectious diseases can cause critical illness. Knowledge of the local epidemiology where the disease is acquired is essential. In addition, local resistance patterns of common bacterial pathogens can be very different in tropical countries, so that antibiotic regimens might need adaptation. The ‘surviving sepsis’ guidelines are not always appropriate for the treatment of tropical sepsis. Both diseases require a more restricted fluid management. Leptospirosis is another important tropical disease that can cause sepsis with liver and renal failure or ARDS with pulmonary haemorrhages. Neglected tropical diseases causing neurological syndromes include trypanosomiasis (Sub-Saharan Africa) and rabies. Several viruses in the tropics can cause encephalitis. Recent epidemics of respiratory viruses causing life-threatening pneumonia have had their origins in tropical countries, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, influenza A subtype H5N1 (‘avian influenza’), and recently Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

14

Ball, Jonathan. Antimicrobial stewardship in the intensive care setting. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0012.

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Intensive care units (ICUs) care for patients with life-threatening infections and thus harbour reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, as a direct consequence of their critical illness/injury, ICU patients commonly have a significant degree of acutely acquired, innate, and adaptive immune system dysfunction. Critically ill patients therefore present unique challenges for antibiotic stewardship. Antibiotic stewardship in ICUs should address both the timely delivery of effective empiric therapy and the minimization of the use of broad-spectrum agents. Solutions to these challenges are usually adaptations of general principles rather than novel interventions. In ICUs, as elsewhere, antibiotic stewardship should be viewed as a key component of the overall infection control strategy.

15

Ullman, Dana, and Karen Allen. Homeopathy in the Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Problems (DRAFT). Edited by Madeleine M. Castellanos. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225889.003.0019.

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Homeopathic medicine is a specialized form of pharmacology used throughout the world by physicians and other health and medical care providers. Nanodoses of plants, mineral, animal, chemical, or pathogens are prescribed based on their ability to cause in overdose specific syndromes in patients. Because symptoms are considered adaptations of the human body to fight infection and/or to adapt to stress, using nanodoses of substances that could cause similar symptoms that patients experience is one way to influence gene expression, immunological development, and the genitourinary microbiome to initiate a healing process. The homeopathic approach to the prevention and treatment of sexual problems requires analysis of a person’s overall syndrome, not simply local disease. This chapter provides specific homeopathic medicines with abbreviated summaries of their indications in (a) genitourinary dysbiosis, (b) sexual trauma and psychosexual conflict, and (c) sexual pain and functional limitation.

16

Adaptive Dynamics of Infectious Diseases: In Pursuit of Virulence Management. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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17

Adaptive Speciation (Cambridge Studies in Adaptive Dynamics). Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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18

Dieckmann, Ulf, Johan A. J. Metz, Michael Doebeli, and Diethard Tautz. Adaptive Speciation. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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19

Dieckmann, Ulf, Johan A. J. Metz, Michael Doebeli, and Diethard Tautz. Adaptive Speciation. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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20

Dieckmann, Ulf, Johan A. J. Metz, Michael Doebeli, and Diethard Tautz. Adaptive Speciation. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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21

Dieckmann, Ulf, Johan A. J. Metz, Michael Doebeli, and Diethard Tautz. Adaptive Speciation. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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22

Vaheri, Antti, James N. Mills, Christina F. Spiropoulou, and Brian Hjelle. Hantaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0035.

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Hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae) are rodent- and insectivore-borne zoonotic viruses. Several hantaviruses are human pathogens, some with 10-35% mortality, and cause two diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Hantaviruses are enveloped and have a three-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. The L gene encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the M gene encodes two glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and the S gene encodes a nucleocapsid protein. In addition, the S genes of some hantaviruses have an NSs open reading frame that can act as an interferon antagonist. Similarities between phylogenies have suggested ancient codivergence of the viruses and their hosts to many authors, but increasing evidence for frequent, recent host switching and local adaptation has led to questioning of this model. Infected rodents establish persistent infections with little or no effect on the host. Humans are infected from aerosols of rodent excreta, direct contact of broken skin or mucous membranes with infectious virus, or rodent bite. One hantavirus, Andes virus, is unique in that it is known to be transmitted from person-to-person. HFRS and HCPS, although primarily affecting kidneys and lungs, respectively, share a number of clinical features, such as capillary leakage, TNF-, and thrombocytopenia; notably, hemorrhages and alterations in renal function also occur in HCPS and cardiac and pulmonary involvement are not rare in HFRS. Of the four structural proteins, both in humoral and cellular immunity, the nucleocapsid protein appears to be the principal immunogen. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses are seen in both HFRS and HCPS and may be important for both protective immunity and pathogenesis. Diagnosis is mainly based on detection of IgM antibodies although viral RNA (vRNA) may be readily, although not invariably, detected in blood, urine and saliva. For sero/genotyping neutralization tests/RNA sequencing are required. Formalin-inactivated vaccines have been widely used in China and Korea but not outside Asia. Hantaviruses are prime examples of emerging and re-emerging infections and, given the limited number of rodents and insectivores thus far studied, it is likely that many new hantaviruses will be detected in the near future.