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Статті в журналах з теми "Pasture renovation"
1
Tozer, K. N., T. K. James, and C. A. Cameron. "Botanical and management factors associated with Setaria pumila abundance implications for pasture management." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Yellow bristle grass (YBG) causes significant production loss on dairy farms as it is unpalatable to stock and can reduce forage intake and milk production This weed is rapidly spreading in North Island dairy pastures and effective control strategies are needed Botanical surveying was undertaken in February 2008 on 12 dairy farms in Waikato to ascertain its presence in pastures in relation to key management factors YBG cover was negatively associated with Olsen P pH paspalum cover and postgrazing residual dry matter in January Stocking rate time since pasture renovation inclusion of a cropping phase prior to renovation sowing rate during renovation ryegrass undersowing after renovation and cover of ryegrass clovers other dicots annual grasses and amount of bare ground had no significant effect on YBG cover Results suggest that while improved soil fertility and increasing pasture competition will enhance YBG control YBG seeds can survive during pasture renovation leading to rapid reinfestation of pastures
2
Batson, M.-G. "Effect of pasture renovation on the size and composition of the germinable fraction of the seed pool beneath bent grass (Agrostis castellana) pastures in southern Victoria." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 1 (1999): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigated the potential for propagation of grass weeds from seed by measuring changes in the size and composition of the germinable fraction of the seed pool beneath 4 bent grass (Agrostis castellana) pastures in southern Victoria during renovation. Soil samples, for the estimation of the seed pool by seedling emergence in the glasshouse, were taken from a control and a renovated pasture on 3 occasions during renovation at each of the 4 sites. The depth distribution of seeds in the top 0–100 mm was assessed by dividing collected soil samples into depths of 0–30 mm and 30–100 mm. The total germinable seed pool (0–30 mm) ranged from 17 620 to 83 540 seedlings/m2, as affected by the time of sampling. There were seedlings from 14 grass genera (12% contribution to the total seed pool), Juncus (60%), 4 leguminous genera (17%), and 22 other dicotyledonous genera (12%). The percentage change in the number of germinated seeds of grasses and dicotyledons between the first and second sampling was negative ( –7·3% to –31·4%) beneath renovated pasture, as opposed to a positive change (29·0–174·4%) beneath undisturbed pasture; this was attributed to the prevention of seeding due to the cultivation of the pasture associated with renovation. The percentage change in the number of germinated seeds of grasses and dicotyledons did not differ significantly between renovated and undisturbed pasture between the second and third sampling, which suggested that no more seed germinated in response to renovation. Re-distribution of germinable seed to lower depths (30–100 mm) with renovation was apparent for grasses and other dicotyledons, and would depress successful emergence of these seedlings. Renovation prevented re-seeding of weeds and buried surface seed, but did not significantly stimulate additional seed to germinate the following autumn after renovation. Weed seeds were still present in the soil seed pool after renovation, which indicated that these species could potentially germinate and establish in new pastures.
3
Callow, M. N., W. J. Fulkerson, D. J. Donaghy, R. J. Morris, G. Sweeney, and B. Upjohn. "Response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to renovation in Australian dairy pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study reports on the effect of oversowing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) into a degraded perennial ryegrass and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture to extend its productive life using various intensities of seedbed preparation. Sites in New South Wales (NSW), Western Australia (WA), South Australia (SA) and Tasmania (Tas.) were chosen by a local group of farmers as being degraded and in need of renovation. Control (nil renovation) and medium (mulch and graze, spray with glyphosphate and sow) renovation treatments were common to all sites whereas minimum (mulch and graze, and sow) and full seedbed (graze and spray with glyphosphate and then full seedbed preparation) renovation were imposed only at some sites. Plots varied in area from 0.14 to 0.50 ha, and were renovated then sown in March or April 2000 and subsequently grazed by dairy cows. Pasture utilisation was estimated from pre- and post-grazing pasture mass assessed by a rising plate pasture meter. Utilised herbage mass of the renovated treatments was significantly higher than control plots in period 1 (planting to August) and 2 (first spring) at the NSW site only. There was no difference among treatments in period 3 (first summer) at any site, and only at the WA and NSW sites in period 4 (March to July 2001) was there a response to renovation. As a result, renovation at the NSW site only significantly increased ryegrass utilisation over the whole experimental period. Ryegrass plant density was higher at the NSW, WA (excluding minimum renovation) and Tas. (excluding full renovation) sites 6 months after renovation but this was only sustained for 12 months for the minimum and medium treatments at the NSW and Tas. sites, respectively, presumably due to reduced competition from naturalised C4 summer grasses [kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum)] in NSW. At the NSW, WA and SA sites, the original ryegrass plant density was low (<35 plants/m2) compared with the Tas. site where density was around 185/m2. The response to renovating a degraded perennial ryegrass pasture varied between sites in Australia. Positive responses were generally small and were most consistent where renovation removed competing C4 summer grasses.
4
Lawson, A. R., and K. B. Kelly. "Responses to the renovation of an irrigated perennial pasture in northern Victoria. 1. Pasture consumption and nutritive characteristics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A field experiment was established in northern Victoria in the autumn of 1999 to quantify the effects of renovating a 15-year-old irrigated perennial pasture which had a high paspalum content [>40% dry matter (DM)] in summer. The treatments were: (i) control, the existing pasture; (ii) oversown, in which the existing pasture was grazed, topped and direct drilled; and (iii) resown, in which the existing pasture was sprayed, cultivated and sown with a new pasture. The grass species used in both renovation treatments were perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass and tall fescue. The treatments were grazed by dairy cows when the perennial ryegrass had reached the 2.5–3 leaf stage. Grazing of the resown tall fescue coincided with the resown ryegrass in years 1 and 2, but in subsequent years, resown tall fescue was grazed at a rising plate meter height of 80 mm. All treatments were grazed to a residual pasture height of 40–45 mm, as measured with a rising plate meter. Pasture consumption (measured as DM removed by dairy cows), in vitro DM digestibility (in vitro DMD) and crude protein (CP) contents were measured. Oversowing increased pasture consumption over the 4-year period, compared with the control, by an average of 1.1 t DM/ha.year when oversown once with perennial ryegrass and by 1.6 t DM/ha.year when oversown annually with Italian ryegrass. This increase occurred principally during the winter–spring period for pastures oversown with both perennial (0.7 t DM/ha) and Italian (1.6 t DM/ha) ryegrass. Oversowing with perennial or Italian ryegrass did not affect the in vitro DMD or CP content of the pasture on offer. These results show that oversowing with either perennial or Italian ryegrass is a viable means of increasing pasture availability over winter and spring from perennial pastures consisting of a mixture of perennial ryegrass, white clover and paspalum. Pasture consumption in the first 12 months after resowing was 3.5–4.1 t DM/ha lower from the resown than from the control pasture. This was because of two fewer grazings in autumn–winter and to reductions in pasture consumption of 20% in spring and of 40% in summer. These reductions would add considerably to the cost of resowing through increasing the need for supplementary feeding. Pasture consumption from the resown perennial ryegrass pasture in years 2–4 was, on average, the same as the control, although it was higher during winter and spring and lower during summer. Pasture consumption from the resown tall fescue pasture in years 2–4 was, on average, 2.5 t DM/ha.year higher than that of the resown perennial ryegrass pasture, with most of this increase occurring in summer and autumn. The resown pastures had higher in vitro DMD and CP contents than the control with little difference between the resown perennial ryegrass and tall fescue pastures. These findings show that tall fescue is a viable alternative to perennial ryegrass when resowing pastures. The use of nitrogen fertiliser did not affect the in vitro DMD or CP contents of the pasture on offer but allowed an increase in DM consumption, with this increase being greater for the control and oversown pastures than for the resown pasture.
5
Cuomo, G. J., D. G. Johnson, F. Forcella, M. V. Rudstrom, G. D. Lemme, and N. P. Martin. "Pasture Renovation and Grazing Management Impacts on Cool-Season Grass Pastures." Journal of Production Agriculture 12, no. 4 (October 1999): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0564.
Повний текст джерела
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Wilson, M. J., and G. M. Barker. "Slugs as Pasture Pests." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several invasive European slug species are thriving in New Zealand and have become important pests of many crops. In pasture, they are particularly damaging to white clover during renovation and the problem may be exacerbated by direct drilling. Slug feeding causes both lethal and sublethal damage that reduces clover establishment and thus pasture quality. Much less is known about slug damage to established pastures and the degree to which slugs limit pasture persistence. Established pastures frequently support large slug populations that feed on clover and the application of molluscicides can reduce slug numbers and increase the proportion and yields of clover. Future research on these pests should concentrate on determining damage thresholds, breeding resistant clover varieties and developing agronomic practices that favour natural enemies. In the long term, there is much potential for developing microbiological pesticides that target slugs. Keywords: molluscs, slugs, clover
7
Shakhane, L. M., C. Mulcahy, J. M. Scott, G. N. Hinch, G. E. Donald, and D. F. Mackay. "Pasture herbage mass, quality and growth in response to three whole-farmlet management systems." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of different whole-farm management systems were explored in a farmlet trial on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, between July 2000 and December 2006. The three systems examined were first, a moderate input farmlet with flexible grazing on eight paddocks considered ‘typical’ of the region (farmlet B), a second, also with flexible grazing on eight paddocks but with a high level of pasture renovation and increased soil fertility (farmlet A) and a third with the same moderate level of inputs as farmlet B but which practised intensive rotational grazing on 37 paddocks (farmlet C). The changes in herbage mass, herbage quality and pasture growth followed a seasonal pattern typical of the Northern Tablelands with generally higher levels recorded over spring–summer and lower levels in autumn–winter but with substantial differences between years due to the variable climate experienced. Over the first 18 months of the trial there were no significant differences between farmlets in total herbage mass. Although the climate was generally drier than average, the differences between farmlets in pasture herbage mass and quality became more evident over the duration of the experiment. After the farmlet treatments started to take effect, the levels of total and dead herbage mass became significantly lower on farmlet A compared with farmlets B and C. In contrast, the levels of green herbage were similar for all farmlets. Throughout most of the study period, pastures on farmlet A with its higher levels of pasture renovation and soil fertility, had significantly higher DM digestibility for both green and dead herbage components compared with pastures on either of the moderate input systems (B and C). Thus, when green herbage mass and quality were combined, farmlet A tended to have higher levels of green digestible herbage than either of the other farmlets, which had similar levels, suggesting that pasture renovation and soil fertility had more effect on the supply of quality pasture than did grazing management. This difference was observed in spite of the higher stocking rate supported by farmlet A after treatments took effect. Levels of legume herbage mass, while generally low due to the dry conditions, were significantly higher on farmlet A compared with the other two farmlets. While ground cover on farmlet A was found to be less than the other farmlets, this was largely associated with the higher level of pasture renovation. Generally, all three farmlets had ground cover levels well above 70% for the duration of the experiment, thus being above levels considered critical for prevention of erosion. A multivariate analysis showed that the main explanatory factors significantly linked (P < 0.01) with the supply of high quality herbage were, in decreasing order of importance, those related to season and weather, pasture renovation, grazing management and soil fertility. Measurements of net pasture growth conducted using a limited number of grazing exclosure cages on three paddocks per farmlet revealed clear seasonal trends but no significant (P > 0.05) differences between farmlets. However, post hoc estimates of potential pasture growth rate using remotely sensed MODIS satellite images of normalised difference vegetation index captured weekly from each farmlet revealed a significant (P < 0.001) relationship with the seasonal pattern observed in the measurements of pasture growth rate.
8
Behrendt, Karl, Oscar Cacho, James M. Scott, and Randall Jones. "Optimising pasture and grazing management decisions on the Cicerone Project farmlets over variable time horizons." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11174.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study addresses the problem of balancing the trade-offs between the need for animal production, profit, and the goal of achieving persistence of desirable species within grazing systems. The bioeconomic framework applied in this study takes into account the impact of climate risk and the management of pastures and grazing rules on the botanical composition of the pasture resource, a factor that impacts on livestock production and economic returns over time. The framework establishes the links between inputs, the state of the pasture resource and outputs, to identify optimal pasture development strategies. The analysis is based on the application of a dynamic pasture resource development simulation model within a seasonal stochastic dynamic programming framework. This enables the derivation of optimum decisions within complex grazing enterprises, over both short-term tactical (such as grazing rest) and long-term strategic (such as pasture renovation) time frames and under climatic uncertainty. The simulation model is parameterised using data and systems from the Cicerone Project farmlet experiment. Results indicate that the strategic decision of pasture renovation should only be considered when pastures are in a severely degraded state, whereas the tactical use of grazing rest or low stocking rates should be considered as the most profitable means of maintaining adequate proportions of desirable species within a pasture sward. The optimal stocking rates identified reflected a pattern which may best be described as a seasonal saving and consumption cycle. The optimal tactical and strategic decisions at different pasture states, based on biomass and species composition, varies both between seasons and in response to the imposed soil fertility regime. Implications of these findings at the whole-farm level are discussed in the context of the Cicerone Project farmlets.
9
Mitchell, GJ, RJ Carter, and SR Chinner. "Studies on the control of water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water-dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides L.), a tuberous perennial herb, is currently known in South Australia from only a single locality in the Mount Lofty Ranges. There is little information on water-dropwort control, and 2 experiments were conducted to assess the effects of sowing pasture, with or without presowing herbicides, on the control of this weed. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial clovers were successfully introduced into infested pastures by direct drilling in autumn. Water-dropwort regenerated from seed more densely in unsown plots than plots of established perennial pasture, suggesting that upgrading pastures may be a strategy to reduce the rate of spread by seed of this weed. A range of herbicide treatments applied to waterdropwort at the stem elongation stage in spring before autumn sowing of pastures provided effective shortterm control. The best short-term control was provided by glyphosate at 1440 g a.i./ha; metsulfuron methyl at 6, 12, and 36 g a.i./ha; and metsulfuron methyl at 12 g a.i./ha tank-mixed with glyphosate or 2,4-D amine at 720 or 1000 g a.i./ha, respectively. These treatments, and chlorsulfuron at 21 g a.i./ha, also significantly (P<0.05) reduced water-dropwort abundance (relative to untreated areas) for up to 18 months after sowing and initially improved the density of sown pasture species, but these improvements were not evident 14 months after resowing. Although prior season herbicide treatments controlled water-dropwort in newly sown pastures, 2 separate applications of herbicides, in May and October, gave no better control of water-dropwort than a single herbicide application in spring. Water-dropwort infestations do not appear to prevent successful direct drilling of phalaris and perennial clovers. Although pasture renovation did not provide long-term suppression of water-dropwort, the maintenance of vigorous pastures may reduce the rate of population growth from seedlings of this weed. Recropping restrictions may limit the role of chlorsulfuron for water-dropwort control in pasture renovation situations.
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Talbott, Charlotte L., Deidre D. Harmon, Matt H. Poore, Alan J. Franluebbers, Carolyn A. Young, and Emily H. Griffith. "PSXI-19 Impact of toxic-infected tall fescue renovation strategies on second-year hay yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) (TF) pastures to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) is a solution to mitigate the negative associated effects of toxic fescue in beef cattle. However, beef cattle producers are uncertain of the payback period for costs associated with renovation techniques in terms of farm profitability and agronomic performance. In 2018, three renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design in Bahama, NC. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Each treatment plot (0.81 ha) was evaluated for botanical composition and hay was harvested in May and August of 2020. Round bales from each treatment were weighed to determine yield and core sampled to determine nutritive value. Data were analyzed using proc GLIMMIX of SAS v9.4. Combined forage yield was greater (P = 0.0226) for 3-CM (8,816 kg/ha) compared to 3-SM (7,191 kg/ha) and C (6,920 kg/ha), but did not differ from 1-SM (7,775 kg/ha). Crude protein concentration was greater (P = 0.035) for C (10.2%) in comparison to 3-SM (9.35%) in harvest 1, but was not different (P = 0.93) in harvest 2. Percentage of fescue in the sward was greatest (P = 0.0002) for 3-SM and least for C (84.9 and 62%, respectively). Similarly, presence of undesirable plants was greater (P < 0.0001) for C (37.5%) than 1-SM, 3-CM and 3-SM (23.7, 15.2 and 12.7%, respectively). Percentage of bare ground did not differ among treatments (P = 0.31). Data suggest agronomic performance for 3-CM and 3-SM was improved compared to C in years following pasture renovation.
Дисертації з теми "Pasture renovation"
1
Seguin, Philippe. "Pasture renovation, introduction of legumes in a grass-dominated pasture with physical suppression of the resident vegetation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0019/MQ37165.pdf.
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Séguin, Philippe 1974. "Pasture renovation : introduction of legumes in a grass dominated pasture with physical suppression of the resident vegetation." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27907.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herbicide sod suppression during pasture renovation by legume sod-seeding often results in the loss of potentially usable forage, weed encroachment, and inadequate glass-legume ratios. A study was conducted to investigate the viability of sod suppression by sheep grazing or mowing, as alternatives to herbicide, during pasture renovation with no-till seeding of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) or white clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Sod suppression methods evaluated were: strategically timed mowing or sheep grazing to 5 or 10 cm at seeding and during legume establishment, or similarly managed mowing or sheep grazing with an additional defoliation to 5 cm the previous fall. Additional treatments included suppression by herbicide and, unsuppressed and unseeded controls. Treatments were evaluated by determining clover plant population, botanical composition, forage yield and quality. Physical (mowing or grazing) and herbicide sod suppression resulted in similar clover plant populations; clover yields tended to be higher with herbicide suppression. However, increasing the intensity of physical suppression increased clover yields. Forage quality was increased only with sod suppression by grazing or herbicide when compared with the unimproved control. Although, for grazing this was attributed to a more frequent defoliation regime and not to the renovation itself. Unlike suppression with herbicide, physical suppression did not decrease total seasonal forage yields in the renovation year when compared with controls.
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Reis, William Fialho dos. "Tratamento de sementes, densidade e método de semeadura de Brachiaria brizantha no consórcio milho e braquiária." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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The integrated crop livestock farming system is an important training and renovation of degraded pastures. However, lack technical information about physiological and sanitary quality of the forage seeds and sowing methods have been suggested as causes of failure in some fields. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment of seeds of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú with the insecticide fipronil (with and without treatment) associated with plant densities (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kg ha-1 seed) in three tillage systems. Each cropping system was an experiment. In the first experiment was sown with Brachiaria drill multiple, specific for planting small seeds in the rows of corn at depths of two to three inches. In experiment II, the seeds of Brachiaria were mixed with fertilizer used in corn planting, they were deposited at a depth of four inches, distributed along the profile of the furrow. In experiment III, Brachiaria was sown broadcast on the plot after corn sowing. The variables evaluated were dry plants of B. brizantha and maize, the forage ground cover, plant height and number of spikes per plant and grain yield of maize. After the corn harvest the entire experimental area was grazed by cattle until the end of September (beginning of rains), becoming then cleared to a uniform cutting height of Brachiaria. Twenty days after this mowing evaluated the production of herbage and soil cover by B. brizantha. It was concluded that treatment of the forage seeds as fipronil was important only for the seeding set. Seeder for planting with multiple or mixed with seed to fertilizer, the highest forage yield occurred at 365 days after planting, using a 2.0 kg ha-1 seed. While in most broadcast seeding forage yield occurred with 8.0 kg ha-1. However it is noteworthy that all seeding rates Brachiaria above 2 kg ha-1 in the three tillage systems, negatively affecting the productivity of maize.
A integração lavoura pecuária é um sistema de cultivo importante na formação e na renovação das pastagens degradadas. No entanto, a falta informações técnicas sobre qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes da forrageira e dos métodos de semeadura têm sido apontados como causas do insucesso em algumas lavouras. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do tratamento das sementes da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú com o inseticida fipronil (com e sem tratamento) associado a densidades de semeadura (2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 kg ha-1 de sementes), em três sistemas de plantio. Cada sistema de plantio constituiu um experimento. No experimento I, a braquiária foi semeada com semeadora múltipla, específica para plantio de sementes pequenas na linha do milho nas profundidades de dois a três centímetros. No experimento II, as sementes de braquiária foram misturadas ao fertilizante usado no plantio do milho, elas foram depositadas na profundidade de até dez centímetros, distribuídas ao longo do perfil do sulco de plantio. No experimento III, a braquiária foi semeada a lanço na parcela após a semeadura do milho. As variáveis avaliadas foram matéria seca de plantas de B. brizantha e de milho, cobertura do solo pela forrageira, altura plantas e número de espigas por planta e produtividade de grãos do milho. Após a colheita do milho toda a área experimental foi pastoreada por bovinos até final de setembro (início das chuvas), fazendo-se em seguida uma roçada para uniformização da altura de corte da braquiária. Vinte dias após essa roçada avaliou-se a produção de matéria seca de forragem e a cobertura do solo pela B. brizantha. Concluiu-se que o tratamento das sementes da forrageira como fipronil foi importante somente para o semeio a lanço. Para o plantio com semeadora múltipla ou com sementes misturadas ao fertilizante, a maior produtividade de forragem ocorreu aos 365 dias após o plantio, com uso de 2,0 kg ha-1 de sementes. Enquanto que na semeadura a lanço a maior produtividade de forragem ocorreu com 8,0 kg ha-1. Todavia é importante salientar que todas as densidades de semeadura de braquiária acima de 2 kg ha-1, nos três sistemas de plantio, afetaram negativamente a produtividade de milho.
4
Weber-Small, Sean. "Pasture renovation and interactions of several cool season grasses during establishment." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37223097.html.
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Fitzsimmons, James P. "Pasture renovation with herbicide suppression of weeds and no-till seeding of orchardgrass." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
No-till pasture renovation can increase the quality and forage yield of
underproductive pastures. Decreased erosion, lower costs, and less lost
grazing time are advantages of no-till renovation compared to conventional
renovation. Unwanted vegetation is first controlled with herbicides to decrease
competition for introduced orchardgrass. Two field trials were conducted using
a split-plot design to compare three seeding methods and two herbicides. An
Aerway no-till drill, a Tye double disk drill, and broadcast followed by harrowing
were the seeding methods. Paraquat and glyphosate were used to determine
herbicide effect on vegetation control.
Orchardgrass did not adequately survive at either trial site. However,
where some orchardgrass did survive, vegetation control was more important
than seeding method. Competition from annual grasses, many germinating
after herbicides were applied, was the reason for renovation failure. Herbicide
and initial growth for best control.
Yield was doubled in the first harvest by the addition of fertilizer. Early
spring forage production from poor pastures is usually more than adequate, so
the increase from fertilizer is of marginal value unless it is stored for later use.
Yield increase did not carry over to the second harvest when it could be better
utilized. Later application dates would extend yield increases from certain
species if water is available.Graduation date: 1994
6
Durnin, Marne. "Comparison of methods for establishing native grasses in pastures dominated by annual weeds." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132852.
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Native grasses have potential to improve temperate pastures where introduced perennial grasses are not surviving. They are generally well-adapted to Australia’s conditions including low-fertility or acidic soils, sporadic rainfall and high summer temperatures. However, they are difficult to establish from seed because of slow seedling development and vulnerability to competition from weeds, especially fast-growing annuals. Native grass practitioners in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia have successfully established native grasses but their methods were poorly documented. For this thesis, 12 practitioners were interviewed and their native grass establishment methods and the problems surrounding these were documented. From the interviews and a review of the literature, a test of concept area and two field trials were established. The test of concept area was used to determine which species to use in the trials and how and when to sow them. Four native Wallaby grasses (Rytidosperma spp. Steud), Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra Forsk.) and Weeping rice grass (Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br. and Microlaena stipoides var. Burra) established most successfully. Weed control was least time-consuming when the grasses were sown in rows rather than randomly distributed. Management was also simplified by separating C3 and C4 grasses. Soil solarisation with polyethylene and other plastics was also tested and it was found that solarisation can control annual weeds and seed found in the top 50 mm of soil. The first field trial was at Mylor, SA. It compared 7 weed control methods to determine which method created the most bare ground; an indication for a potential establishment window for native grasses. These methods were: removal of 50 mm of topsoil; soil solarization; soil inversion; till and harrow; herbicide; burning and harrowing. It was found that soil solarisation with polyethylene and topsoil removal were the most effective treatments with about 75% (± 3%) bare ground. There was least bare ground with burning (23% ± 4%) and herbicide (28% ± 4%). Till/harrow, harrow only and topsoil inversion ranged from 46-55% (± 3%) bare ground. There was no bare ground in the control. Since polyethylene is not recyclable in South Australia, a trial comparing the effectiveness of polyethylene and a fully biodegradable plastic was conducted in the Waite Arboretum, SA. The treatments included no treatment, tillage only and tillage with polyethylene of biodegradable plastic. All treatments except the control were sprayed with herbicide. The biofilm remained intact for 27 days. During this time, the mean daily temperature under the polyethylene (41.7 ± 0.4 °C) was always higher than under the biofilm (39.8 ± 0.3 °C). Both were hotter than the tilled treatment (34.1 ± 0.3 °C) and the control (33.9 ± 0.3 °C). Despite the higher temperature no measurable treatment effect could be detected by the end of the experiment but sown native grasses established well in all treatments with 30-50% native grass cover and very little weed. The lack of treatment effect was likely due to the small plot size, the use of herbicides to control some weeds and high seed bank variability within treatments. In summary, soil seed bank management is critical to successful native grass establishment. Topsoil removal and soil solarization with low density polyethylene were the most successful weed management methods. Other methods may need 2-3 years of treatment before sowing native grasses which increases the risk of soil erosion and may degrade the soil structure. Sowing the grasses in rows made weed management easier and sowing them thickly provided maximum weed competition. The cost and availability of native grass seed will be a significant barrier to the adoption of native grasses for pasture applications but on-farm seed production areas are one solution to this problem.Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2021
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Flashinski, Roger A. "Renovation of natural grass pastures using conservation tillage-herbicide systems and seeding to birdsfoot trefoil." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12317783.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-43).
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Neumeister, John H. "A comparison of vegetation suppression and sod-seeding methods using perennial ryegrass in renovation of non-irrigated permament pastures in western Oregon." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36302.
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Sod-seeding techniques offer graziers a convenient way to introduce superior
grass cultivars into underproductive permanent pastures. Production loss and erosion are
minimized. In conjunction with improved grazing management and fertilization,
renovation can significantly improve yield and quality of pastures. Existent vegetation
must be suppressed prior to introducing new cultivars.
This study was conducted on two non-irrigated pastures near Corvallis, Oregon,
one dominated by annual grass species and the other by perennial grasses and clover. A
split-plot design with four replications on each site was used to compare three seeding
methods and either (a) two herbicides following close mowing or (b) close mowing
alone. The seeding methods were drilling with an Aerway Seedmatic chisel-type drill,
drilling with a Tye double disc drill, or broadcasting seed followed by harrowing.
Glyphosate and paraquat were the herbicides used for vegetation suppression. Effect of
fertilization was compared to no fertilization.
Sod-seeded perennial ryegrass had minimal establishment at the site dominated by
annual grass species. An inadequate amount of time was allowed for germination of
annual grass seeds before herbicides were applied. Annual grass seedlings suppressed
the newly sod-seeded perennial ryegrass.
Sod-seeded perennial ryegrass was successfully established at the site dominated
by perennial species within one year after planting. Broadcasting followed by harrowing
of seed resulted in a higher percentage of perennial ryegrass than either the Seedmatic
chisel drill or Tye double disc drill. Sod-seeded perennial ryegrass did not contribute
significantly to yield until one year after planting. Glyphosate gave better control of the
species present before planting leading to a higher percentage of perennial ryegrass and
improved yield compared to paraquat or close mowing alone when seed was broadcast
and harrowed. Fertilization of unseeded plots increased yield but was not cost-effective.Graduation date: 1994
Книги з теми "Pasture renovation"
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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Pasture Renovation. S.l: s.n, 1985.
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2
Fransen, Steven C. Pasture and hayland renovation for western Washington and Oregon. [Pullman, Wash.]: Washington State University Cooperative Extension, 2002.
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3
Fransen, Steven C. Pasture and hayland renovation for western Washington and Oregon. [Pullman, Wash.]: Washington State University Cooperative Extension, 2002.
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Ray, Sunil. Self-goal choice vs institutional choice: A case of institutional renovation for pastureland development in a Rajasthan's village. Jaipur: Institute of Development Studies, 2003.
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Fitzsimmons, James P. Pasture renovation with herbicide suppression of weeds and no-till seeding of orchardgrass. 1993.
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6
Neumeister, John H. A comparison of vegetation suppression and sod-seeding methods using perennial ryegrass in renovation of non-irrigated permament pastures in western Oregon. 1994.
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1
Barnhart, Stephen K. "Pasture Renovation - When Changes Are Needed." In Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-522.
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