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1
Prasithrathsint, Amara. "The Establishment of the Neutral Passive and the Persistence of the Adversative Passive in Thai." MANUSYA 4, no. 2 (2001): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00402006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study traces the development of the adversative and neutral passives in Thai to draw inferences about their establishment and change. It shows how the word/thùuk/, which used to occur with only a verb with unfavorable meaning to form an adversative passive, is now used with virtually all transitive verbs in Thai. This suggests that the neutral passive has been established in Thai syntax. However, /thùuk/ is ambivalent because it marks both adversative and neutral passives . This means that the adversative passive still persists in Thai, but it is now likely to be marked by /doon/, which has a clear adversative meaning. This passive marker seems to have developed in the track of /thùuk/ and is replacing the equivocal /thùuk/ marker.
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MARINEAU-MES, S., and S. TAVOULARIS. "MEASUREMENTS OF FRACTAL SCALING OF A PASSIVE SCALAR IN UNIFORMLY SHEARED TURBULENCE." Fractals 02, no. 02 (June 1994): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x94000314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statistics and scaling properties of temperature traces in a uniformly sheared, nearly homogeneous turbulent flow have been investigated experimentally. Heat was injected continuously from an electrically heated, thin ribbon and the fluctuating temperature was measured with a cold wire. By virtue of Taylor's "frozen flow" approximation, the temperature time series was interpreted as a linear section through the heated/unheated fluid interface. The box-counting method was used to reveal the possible fractal scaling of this interface. The results are somewhat mixed. Temperature traces taken away from the centerline of the heated wake appear to exhibit some scaling over a limited range, with a fractal dimension of 0.38 ± 0.05, which, according to the intersection rule, would imply a fractal dimension of about 2.38 for the scalar interface. In contrast, temperature traces taken near the centerline did not show any scaling, but this may be due to the high "density" of such traces, which renders the use of the box-counting algorithm questionable.
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Szuba, Agata. "#TRACES#FEMINISM." DYSKURS. PISMO NAUKOWO-ARTYSTYCZNE ASP WE WROCŁAWIU 25, no. 25 (February 25, 2019): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agata Szuba #tropy#feminizm The contemporary media message can be perceived in two perspec- tives: an active one, in which women perform a role of journalists and editors, and a passive perspective, in which they become a part of media message. The latter aspect is the most controversial for many reasons. Walter Lippmann defines a stereotype as an image created in the mind which allows a subordination of a certain fragment of reality a priori. The media’s visible, negative influence on women has them create a reality beyond the boundaries of acceptance, presenting it in a way the audi- ence expects. A new kind of feminism appears, i.e. one which answers the receiver’s needs (succumbing to the expectations and exposing to the look), and a question appears – whether in the time of the feminist legacy, thereby changes resulting from the development of the media, feminists should gain their own unique style? In a way this is beginning to happen. Due to the development of the media, women gained an unrestricted possibility to express their views, and the reception and availability of the media lifts the restrictions and causes an inconspicuous person to please and sweep the crowd and his or her voice to be impossible to be ignored in the discourse.
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Yuxing Yuan, Yuxing Yuan, Wei Li Wei Li, Jilong Han Jilong Han, Qiguang Feng Qiguang Feng, Haitao Yao Haitao Yao, Qiang Zheng Qiang Zheng, Qianggao Hu Qianggao Hu, and and Shaohua Yu and Shaohua Yu. "Fault monitoring in passive optical network using code division multiplex-based dual-OTDR traces comparison." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 3 (2017): 031201–31205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.031201.
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Zhang, Yunke, Fengli Xu, Tong Li, Vassilis Kostakos, Pan Hui, and Yong Li. "Passive Health Monitoring Using Large Scale Mobility Data." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using mobility patterns and demographic data to predict hospital visits. We collect mobility traces from two thousand users for around two months. We extract 16 mobility features from these passively collected mobility traces and train an XGBoost model to predict users' hospital visits. We demonstrate that the designed mobility features can significantly improve prediction accuracy (p < 0.01, AUC = 0.79). We further analyze how these mobility features affect the prediction results and measure their importance by using Shapley additive explanation values. We discover that users with less mobility activity, less visit diversity, and few sports facilities, bountiful entertainment around their visited locations are more likely to visit hospitals. Moreover, we conduct predictions on the populations with different demographic features, which achieves meaningful and insightful results, i.e. maintaining a high mobility activity is crucial for older people's health, while fast food store more substantially affects younger people's health; visit patterns can indicate females' health, while the neighborhood environment is more indicative of males, etc. These results shed light on how to use and understand large scale mobility data in health monitoring and other health-related applications in practice.
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Benharref, Abdelghani, Rachida Dssouli, Mohamed Adel Serhani, and Roch Glitho. "Efficient traces’ collection mechanisms for passive testing of Web Services." Information and Software Technology 51, no. 2 (February 2009): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.04.007.
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Li, Yang, Hong Ma, Yuntao Wu, and Li Cheng. "Track-Before-Detect Procedures in AM Radio-Based Passive Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (November 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3911956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In amplitude modulation radio-based passive radar, the track-before-detect (TBD) procedures are performed to process long time observation data. This work mainly focuses on the tracking of the time-Doppler and time-azimuth traces of multiple target under real scenarios such as low signal-to-noise ratio, hybrid clutter, severe breaking points, and intersecting traces. A new original approach to deal with the TBD problem of this work is developed. Two types of linear equations according to the simplified radio wave propagation model are formulated, which is the key point of the proposed method. We make the theoretical analysis about how the linear equations can be used to track multiple target, and how multiple target’s constant velocities and initial positions can be estimated, which is an additional parameter estimation capability of the proposed method. Both the simulated data and real experimental data are performed with the proposed method and some conventional TBD methods. Several comparisons of the results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Liu, Kai, YongTaek Lee, HyunTai Kim, and MaPhooPwint Hlaing. "Mobile Device Passive Integration from Wafer Process." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha1-paper1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we present some passive components made from silicon substrate technology (Integrated Passive Device process) and integration schemes using these components for RF applications. RF decoupling capacitors from this process are characterized on ESR and ESL performance. Functional blocks (filters, baluns, diplexers, matching, etc) made from the IPD process, have shown good electrical performance with small form-factor features. The thin profiles from the IPDs make them very suitable to be used inside laminate and QFN packages. System-in-Packages or multiple-chip-modules using IPD approaches may have significant size reduction. The low profiles and the small form-factors of the IPDs result in less cross-talk between the IPDs and their nearby components (chips, SMDs, and routing traces, etc), and therefore it is easier to maintain signal integrity for packages.
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McKeown, Denis, Tom Mercer, Kinga Bugajska, Paul Duffy, and Emma Barker. "The visual nonverbal memory trace is fragile when actively maintained, but endures passively for tens of seconds." Memory & Cognition 48, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-019-01003-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDespite attempts at active maintenance in the focus of attention, the fragile nature of the visual nonverbal memory trace may be revealed when the retention interval between target memoranda and probed recall on a trial is extended. In contrast, a passively maintained or unattended visual memory trace may be revealed as persisting proactive interference extending across quite extended intervals between trials in a recent probes task. The present study, comprising five experiments, used this task to explore the persistence of such a passive visual memory trace over time. Participants viewed some target visual items (for example, abstract colored patterns) followed by a variable retention interval and a probe item. The task was to report whether the probe matched one of the targets or not. A decaying active memory trace was indicated by poorer performance as the memory retention interval was extended on a trial. However, when the probe was a member of the target set from the preceding trial, task performance was poorer than a comparison novel probe, demonstrating proactive interference. Manipulations of the intertrial interval revealed that the temporal persistence of the passive memory trace of an old target was impressive, and proactive interference was largely resilient to a simple ‘cued forgetting’ manipulation. These data support the proposed two-process memory conception (active–passive memory) contrasting fragile active memory traces decaying over a few seconds with robust passive traces extending to tens of seconds.
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Nabeel, Mohamed, Issa M. Khalil, Bei Guan, and Ting Yu. "Following Passive DNS Traces to Detect Stealthy Malicious Domains Via Graph Inference." ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 23, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3401897.
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Artman, Brad. "Imaging passive seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 4 (July 2006): SI177—SI187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2209748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Imaging passive seismic data is the process of synthesizing the wealth of subsurface information available from reflection seismic experiments by recording ambient sound using an array of geophones distributed at the surface. Crosscorrelating the traces of such a passive experiment can synthesize data that are identical to actively collected reflection seismic data. With a correlation-based imaging condition, wave-equation shot-profile depth migration can use raw transmission wavefields as input for producing a subsurface image. Migration is even more important for passively acquired data than for active data because with passive data, the source wavefields are likely to be weak compared with background and instrument noise — a condition that leads to a low signal-to-noise ratio. Fourier analysis of correlating long field records shows that aliasing of the wavefields from distinct shots is unavoidable. Although this reduces the order of computations for correlation by the length of the original trace, the aliasing produces an output volume that may not be substantially more useful than the raw data because of the introduction of crosstalk between multiple sources. Direct migration of raw field data still can produce an accurate image, even when the transmission wavefields from individual sources are not separated. To illustrate direct migration, I use images from a shallow passive seismic investigation targeting a buried hollow pipe and the water-table reflection. These images show a strong anomaly at the 1-m depth of the pipe and faint events that could be the water table at a depth of around [Formula: see text]. The images are not clear enough to be irrefutable. I identify deficiencies in survey design and execution to aid future efforts.
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Alvarez, Pedro, Nicola Marchetti, and Marco Ruffini. "Evaluating Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation of Virtualized Passive Optical Networks Over Mobile Traffic Traces." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 8, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.8.000129.
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Salva, Sébastien, and Tien-Dung Cao. "Proxy-Monitor." International Journal of Software Innovation 2, no. 2 (April 2014): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2014040102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a conformance testing method combining two well-known testing approaches, runtime verification and passive testing. Runtime verification addresses the monitoring of a system under test to check whether formal properties hold, while passive testing aims at checking the conformance of the system in the long-term. The method, proposed in this paper, checks whether an implementation conforms to its specification with reference to the ioco test relation. While passively checking if ioco holds, it also checks whether the implementation meets safety properties, which informally state that “nothing bad ever happens”. This paper also tackles the trace extraction problem, which is common to both runtime verification and passive testing. The authors define the notion of Proxy-monitors for collecting traces even when the implementation environment access rights are restricted. Then, they apply and specialise this approach on Web service compositions. A Web service composition deployed in different Clouds is experimented to assess the feasibility of the method.
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Lin, Yu-Hsuan, Si-Yu Chen, Pei-Hsuan Lin, An-Shun Tai, Yuan-Chien Pan, Chang-En Hsieh, and Sheng-Hsuan Lin. "Assessing User Retention of a Mobile App: Survival Analysis." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): e16309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16309.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background A mobile app generates passive data, such as GPS data traces, without any direct involvement from the user. These passive data have transformed the manner of traditional assessments that require active participation from the user. Passive data collection is one of the most important core techniques for mobile health development because it may promote user retention, which is a unique characteristic of a software medical device. Objective The primary aim of this study was to quantify user retention for the “Staff Hours” app using survival analysis. The secondary aim was to compare user retention between passive data and active data, as well as factors associated with the survival rates of user retention. Methods We developed an app called “Staff Hours” to automatically calculate users’ work hours through GPS data (passive data). “Staff Hours” not only continuously collects these passive data but also sends an 11-item mental health survey to users monthly (active data). We applied survival analysis to compare user retention in the collection of passive and active data among 342 office workers from the “Staff Hours” database. We also compared user retention on Android and iOS platforms and examined the moderators of user retention. Results A total of 342 volunteers (224 men; mean age 33.8 years, SD 7.0 years) were included in this study. Passive data had higher user retention than active data (P=.011). In addition, user retention for passive data collected via Android devices was higher than that for iOS devices (P=.015). Trainee physicians had higher user retention for the collection of active data than trainees from other occupations, whereas no significant differences between these two groups were observed for the collection of passive data (P=.700). Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that passive data collected via Android devices had the best user retention for this app that records GPS-based work hours.
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Forghani-Arani, Farnoush, Mark Willis, Seth S. Haines, Mike Batzle, Jyoti Behura, and Michael Davidson. "An effective noise-suppression technique for surface microseismic data." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): KS85—KS95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0502.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The presence of strong surface-wave noise in surface microseismic data may decrease the utility of these data. We implement a technique, based on the distinct characteristics that microseismic signal and noise show in the [Formula: see text] domain, to suppress surface-wave noise in microseismic data. Because most microseismic source mechanisms are deviatoric, preprocessing is necessary to correct for the nonuniform radiation pattern prior to transforming the data to the [Formula: see text] domain. We employ a scanning approach, similar to semblance analysis, to test all possible double-couple orientations to determine an estimated orientation that best accounts for the polarity pattern of any microseismic events. We then correct the polarity of the data traces according to this pattern, prior to conducting signal-noise separation in the [Formula: see text] domain. We apply our noise-suppression technique to two surface passive-seismic data sets from different acquisition surveys. The first data set includes a synthetic microseismic event added to field passive noise recorded by an areal receiver array distributed over a Barnett Formation reservoir undergoing hydraulic fracturing. The second data set is field microseismic data recorded by receivers arranged in a star-shaped array, over a Bakken Shale reservoir during a hydraulic-fracturing process. Our technique significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratios of the microseismic events and preserves the waveforms at the individual traces. We illustrate that the enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio also results in improved imaging of the microseismic hypocenter.
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El-Sawy, Salma, Wasim Nawaz, Mohamed Osama, and Ahmet Tekin. "Low-cost thin-film passive RFID circuits and detector system." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 5 (January 6, 2020): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871900151x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper discusses the design of chip-less RFID tags of a standard pocket size of 69 mm by 156 mm. These tags are based on lumped elements of copper metal traces constructed on a thin polyamide flexible substrate. Moreover, a low-cost single-chip Bluetooth detector circuit system is demonstrated. Two different detection methods: variable coil load coupling and optical light intensity detection were combined to yield 256 unique ID codes. In the first method, by utilizing simple 4 MHz digital drivers and an integrated analog to digital converter (ADC) in the reader controller; various inductively coupled resonant loads corresponding to multiple distinct tags could be differentiated, yielding eight different (3-bit) ID codes. The additional via-based hole pattern reflectometer method creates additional 32 distinct levels (5-bit) utilizing 650 nm visible light-emitting diode and a simple trans-impedance operational along with the same analog ADC pins of a Bluetooth controller. The printed circuit board trace coil on the two-layer low-cost FR-4 waterproof sealed detector unit is simultaneously used as a Qi wireless power receiver to charge the120 mAh 2450 Lithium Polymer (LiR) battery. The device could remain operational for more than a month with a single charge; remaining connected with a mobile device and enabling 10 readouts daily.
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Heydemann, V. D., S. Lauer, W. Decker, J. Slater, and J. Mazurowski. "Additive Printing of Tight Tolerance Embedded Components via High Precision Shadow Masking and Their Integration with Traditional Circuit Board Manufacturing." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-wp14.
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Abstract Most embedded components manufactured today are made either by photolithography to pattern inner board layer materials or by placing discrete components on an inner board layer followed by planarization with a potting compound. These traditional methods produce devices with poor tolerance due to inherent variances in the photolithography and etch process, and parasitic capacitance of long traces. Discrete embedded components increase thickness and weight and suffer from reduced reliability caused by the planarization process. This paper introduces an alternative patterning method to integrate in-line embedded passive and active components without photolithography processing. This additive printing process uses high precision, high feature density shadow masks with micrometer-level registration. Devices are built layer by layer using off-the-shelf bulk materials instead of inks to produce tight tolerance passive and active components that can be integrated into traditional PCB and wafer-level processing. Examples of such additively manufactured devices for both DC and RF applications and preliminary test data are presented in this paper.
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Tao, Xu. "Making a Living." Transfers 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030302.
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The bicycle so thoroughly transformed transportation in China that the country was known as “the land of cyclists” by the late twentieth century. Concerning the global popularization of industrial products, past research mainly focused on the interaction between the introduced commodities and their nonWestern consumers. In order to take the analysis of the modern transformation beyond Western objects and passive receivers, this article explores how Chinese people came to make a living from bicycles. This investigation traces the manifold transitions of the Chinese bicycle business in Shanghai during the tumultuous half-century from 1897 to 1949.
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Washington, Isobel, Susan Mayes, Charlotte Ganderton, and Tania Pizzari. "Differentials in Turnout Among Professional Classical Ballet Dancers." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2016.3029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Screening and training of professional dancers is commonly based around beliefs that a large range of turnout is more advantageous in the ballet industry. This belief leads dancers who have limited hip external rotation to compensate by forcing turnout at the knee and ankle, which has been linked to injury. OBJECTIVE: To examine if there is a difference in degree of turnout between three levels of dancers (corps, soloist, principal) in a professional classical ballet company. An additional aim was to establish average values for the range of turnout and hip rotation present in the dancers. METHODS: Forty-five professional dancers from The Australian Ballet (25 female, 20 male) participated in the study. Active and passive hip external rotation (hip ER) was measured in supine using inclinometers, and functional turnout in ballet first position (lower limb external rotation, LLER) was measured using foot traces utilising bony landmarks. Below-hip external rotation (BHER) was also calculated. RESULTS: No relationship was found among level of dancer and passive hip ER, active hip ER, LLER, and BHER. Professional dancers had on average 50.2° of passive hip ER range, 35.2° of active hip ER, and 133.6° of functional turnout position. In addition, no correlation was found between LLER and hip ER, but significant correlations were found between LLER and BHER. CONCLUSIONS: Hip rotation range of motion is similar across all levels of professional dancers. Average values for passive and active hip ER and functional turnout were established.
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Brinaru, Diana. "Passive Equalization Networks—Efficient Synthesis Approach for High-Speed Signal Integrity Characterization." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High data rates challenges and long traces from current state-of-the-art systems imply high attenuation. In the present article, we will present a detailed process of synthesis of equalizers, for choosing the correct one for a given application. The methods are based on scattering parameters applied on interconnections modeled as microstrip or stripline. Firstly, one may have an overview of types of equalizers, passive, active, and adaptive ones, and a detailed filter synthesis is applied in microwave systems having as start point the insertion loss of a given trace on a given substrate. Next, time domain analyses offer a better understanding of the performance of the interconnect, based on eye diagram inspection and the variation of waveforms with time. Finally, we will present results based on simulation of the equalizers network in a microstrip technology followed by discussions and conclusions. The study proposes to use equalizers in either the transmitter or receiver point, proposes a bridge equalizer with the cost of additional elements but improved constant input, output impedance, and also a new variant for single ended trace based on microwave resonator is proposed. Performance is demonstrated by results from simulations.
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Birajdar, Gajanan K., and Vijay H. Mankar. "Passive method for rescale detection using quadrature mirror filter based higher order statistical features." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 14, no. 05 (August 24, 2016): 1650033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691316500338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High resolution digital cameras and state-of-the-art image editing software tools has given rise to large amount of manipulated images leaving no traces of being subjected to any manipulation. Passive or blind forgery detection algorithms are used in order to determine its authenticity. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that blindly detects global rescaling operation using the statistical models computed based on quadrature mirror filter (QMF) decomposition. Fuzzy entropy measure is employed to choose the relevant features and to remove non-important features whereas artificial neural network classifier is used for forgery detection. Experimental results are presented on grayscale and [Formula: see text]-component images of UCID database to prove the validity of the algorithm under different interpolation schemes. Results are provided for the detection of rescaled images with JPEG compression, arbitrary cropping and white Gaussian noise addition. Further, results are shown using USC-SIPI database to prove the robustness of the algorithm against the type of database.
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Shishmanova-Doseva, Michaela. "Protective effect of lacosamide and topiramate treatment against Pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and associated cognitive dysfunction in rats." Pharmacia 69, no. 4 (November 16, 2022): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e96185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cognitive impairment is considered the most common comorbidity in epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of long-term treatment with lacosamide and topiramate on epileptogenesis and related cognitive dysfunction in an experimental model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling. The latter was induced by the repeated administration of subconvulsive dose of PTZ (40 mg/kg, s.c.) on every alternate day for 8–9 weeks. Both drugs were applied daily in a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. 30 min before PTZ injection. To assess behavioral comorbidities all rats underwent one active and one passive avoidance tests. The results show that lacosamide significantly suppressed the progression of kindling, while the effect of topiramate was not so pronounced on seizure development. Long-term treatment with both antiepileptic drugs managed to ameliorate the kindling-associated impairment of learning and memory. Lacosamide and topiramate improved active and passive learning abilities and facilitated the formation of short- and long-term memory traces. Both drugs failed to prevent the hyperactivity associated with epilepsy.
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Sil'chenko, Darja, Ganna Reznichenko, Olena Maksimenko, Hanna Pancheva, Evgeniia Mykhailova, and Oleksiy Pylypenko. "Studying the Effect of Butanol on the Anode Behavior of Copper in Phosphoric Acid Solutions." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.01.103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The anode behavior of the copper electrode immersed in butanol phosphate electrolytes has been studied. The polarization dependences of the electrode allowed us to detect the sections that correspond to the passive and active states of copper and we also established the zone of the combined behavior of the processes of the copper dissolution and oxygen release. It was also established that a butyl alcohol contributes to an abrupt decrease in current densities in the entire region of anode potentials. The addition of butanol conditions the disappearance of current oscillations that can be seen on polarization dependences in phosphate solutions. Evidently, a decrease in the current densities is a consequence of the butanol adsorption on the copper surface and its participation in the formation of passive films. The specific features of the copper passivation in butanol phosphate electrolytes are characterized by the appearance of the explicit current peak that separates active and passive state zones at the ratio of C4H9OН:H3PO4 =1:3.As the alcohol-to-acid ratio increases, the peak gradually decreases. The addition of butanol has no determining influence on the potential value that corresponds to the started oxygen release. Currentefficiency values for the copper dissolution depend on the anode current density ja and the electrolyte composition. An increase in ja results in a decreased current efficiency value. An increase in the С4Н9ОН content has a similar action. Maximum current efficiency values are observed at ja=0.5–2 А∙dm-2, and they correspond to the active copper state. The dependences obtained for the copper dissolution rate allowed us to establish that υрalso increases with an increase in the current density up to ja=20 А∙dm-2. The copper treatment quality depends on the current density and the electrolyte composition. The solutions with the ratio of C4H9OН:H3PO4=2:1fail to provide a high quality treatment; the surface is not glossy and it has grinding traces. A high-quality treatment is observed in the electrolytes with the ratio of C4H9OН:H3PO4 =1:2 and lower. The electrochemical polishing in such solutions results in the glossy copper surface with the smoothed relief and it has no polishing traces.
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Billeri, Luana, Serena Filoni, Emanuele Francesco Russo, Simona Portaro, David Militi, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, and Antonino Naro. "Toward Improving Diagnostic Strategies in Chronic Disorders of Consciousness: An Overview on the (Re-)Emergent Role of Neurophysiology." Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The differential diagnosis of patients with Disorder of Consciousness (DoC), in particular in the chronic phase, is significantly difficult. Actually, about 40% of patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and the minimally conscious state (MCS) are misdiagnosed. Indeed, only advanced paraclinical approaches, including advanced EEG analyses, can allow achieving a more reliable diagnosis, that is, discovering residual traces of awareness in patients with UWS (namely, functional Locked-In Syndrome (fLIS)). These approaches aim at capturing the residual brain network models, at rest or that may be activated in response to relevant stimuli, which may be appropriate for awareness to emerge (despite their insufficiency to generate purposeful motor behaviors). For this, different brain network models have been studied in patients with DoC by using sensory stimuli (i.e., passive tasks), probing response to commands (i.e., active tasks), and during resting-state. Since it can be difficult for patients with DoC to perform even simple active tasks, this scoping review aims at summarizing the current, innovative neurophysiological examination methods in resting state/passive modality to differentiate and prognosticate patients with DoC. We conclude that the electrophysiologically-based diagnostic procedures represent an important resource for diagnosis, prognosis, and, therefore, management of patients with DoC, using advance passive and resting state paradigm analyses for the patients who lie in the “greyzones” between MCS, UWS, and fLIS.
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Camacho, Alberto, and Sheila A. McIlraith. "Learning Interpretable Models Expressed in Linear Temporal Logic." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 29 (May 25, 2021): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v29i1.3529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examine the problem of learning models that characterize the high-level behavior of a system based on observation traces. Our aim is to develop models that are human interpretable. To this end, we introduce the problem of learning a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula that parsimoniously captures a given set of positive and negative example traces. Our approach to learning LTL exploits a symbolic state representation, searching through a space of labeled skeleton formulae to construct an alternating automaton that models observed behavior, from which the LTL can be read off. Construction of interpretable behavior models is central to a diversity of applications related to planning and plan recognition. We showcase the relevance and significance of our work in the context of behavior description and discrimination: i) active learning of a human-interpretable behavior model that describes observed examples obtained by interaction with an oracle; ii) passive learning of a classifier that discriminates individual agents, based on the human-interpretable signature way in which they perform particular tasks. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our symbolic model learning approach in providing human-interpretable models and classifiers from reduced example sets.
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Brooke, J. D., J. Cheng, J. E. Misiaszek, and K. Lafferty. "Amplitude modulation of the soleus H reflex in the human during active and passive stepping movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.1.102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. It was hypothesized that passive movement of either the whole leg or its separate segments, in a manner mimicking human gait, leads to attenuation of the soleus H reflex. It was further hypothesized that this attenuation arises from presynaptic effects. Reflex amplitudes were observed in humans during natural bipedal and unipedal stepping on the spot, during passive stepping, during passive movement of the lower limb segments about the hip, knee, and ankle individually in a stepping fashion, and during passive movement with tonic contraction of the soleus muscle. 2. In natural stepping at a cadence of 54 steps/min, the reflex means were substantially depressed in the swing phase (P < 0.01). (Means, standing control 90.1%, unipedal 8.3%, bipedal 6.9%, of maximum M wave.) During the stance phase, reflex magnitudes were mildly and significantly elevated in four of six subjects, compared with standing controls (P < 0.05). 3. For passive stepping, subjects were dorsally tilted 20 and 90 degrees (lying supine) from the vertical position, to obtain quiet electromyograms (EMGs) in the postural muscles. Recorded during natural stepping, the right leg was manipulated to match the electrogoniometer traces of the three major joints. 4. At 20 degrees of tilt of the body, mean H reflexes were significantly lower, by 26.4%, compared with the supine position (P < 0.05). During passive stepping movement of the leg at 54 steps/min, the reflex was profoundly attenuated over the entire cycle (P < 0.01). The significantly attenuated reflexes during active stepping and during passive stepping movement of the whole leg were not significantly different at the point where the limb approached full flexion in the swing phase (P > 0.48). This was the case for measurements made at either body position, 20 degrees dorsal tilt or supine. 5. Passive flexion-extension, around either the hip or the knee, significantly inhibited the mean reflex magnitude close to full flexion, at either body position (P < 0.01). Such movement around the ankle resulted in significant inhibition of the reflex in two of the four subjects (P < 0.05). The numeric sum of the reflex depression arising from the flexion-extension of the individual joints was greater than that arising from movement of the whole limb. 6. With the ankle braced, the significant reflex attenuation remained when a tonic isometric contraction of the soleus muscle was introduced. This suggests premotoneuronal mechanisms for the inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Birnie, Claire, and Fredrik Hansteen. "Bidirectional recurrent neural networks for seismic event detection." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): KS97—KS111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0806.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Real-time accurate passive seismic event detection is a critical safety measure across a range of monitoring applications, from reservoir stability to carbon storage to volcanic tremor detection. The most common detection procedure remains the short-term average to long-term average (STA/LTA) trigger developed in the 1970s, in part due to its easy implementation and real-time processing capability. However, it has several well-documented limitations, such as requiring a signal-to-noise ratio greater than one and being highly sensitive to trigger parameters. Although numerous alternatives have been proposed, they often are tailored to a specific monitoring setting and therefore cannot be widely applied, or they are too computationally expensive and therefore cannot be run in real time. This work introduces a deep learning approach to event detection that is an alternative to the STA/LTA trigger. A bidirectional, long short-term memory, neural network (NN) is trained solely on synthetic traces. Evaluated on synthetic and field data, the NN approach significantly outperforms the STA/LTA trigger on the number of correctly detected arrivals as well as on reducing the number of falsely detected events. Its applicability is proven with 600 traces processed in real time on a single processing unit.
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Maurice, Vincent, Hao Peng, Lorena H. Klein, Antoine Seyeux, Sandrine Zanna, and Philippe Marcus. "Effects of molybdenum on the composition and nanoscale morphology of passivated austenitic stainless steel surfaces." Faraday Discussions 180 (2015): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00231h.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface analysis by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy has been applied to provide new insight on Mo effects on the composition and nanostructure of the passive films grown in sulfuric acid on well-controlled Fe–17Cr–14.5Ni–2.3Mo(100) austenitic stainless steel single crystal surfaces. A duplex hydroxylated oxide matrix, 1.8–1.9 nm thick, is formed with a strong partition between Cr(iii) and Fe(iii) in the inner and outer layers, respectively. Cr(iii) is increasingly enriched by preferential iron oxide dissolution upon passivation and ageing. Ni, only present as oxide traces in the film, is enriched in the alloy underneath. Mo, mostly present as Mo(iv) in the Cr-rich inner layer prior to anodic polarisation, becomes increasingly enriched (up to 16% of cations) mostly as Mo(vi) in the Fe-rich outer layer of the passive film, with ageing promoting this effect. Metallic Mo is not significantly enriched below the passive film produced from the native oxide covered surface. Mo does not markedly impact the nanogranular morphology of the native oxide film nor its local thickness variations assigned to substrate site effects on Cr(iii) enrichment. Site specific preferential passivation still takes place at the (native) oxide-covered step edges of the alloy surface, and transient dissolution remains preferentially located on the terraces. Nanostructures, possibly Mo-containing, and healing local depressions formed by transient dissolution during passivation, appear as a specific effect of the Mo presence. Another Mo effect, observed even after 20 h of passivation, is to prevent crystallisation at least in the Fe-rich outer part of the passive film where it is concentrated mostly as Mo(vi) (i.e. molybdate) species.
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Banerjee, Tirthankar, Robert L. Jack, and Michael E. Cates. "Tracer dynamics in one dimensional gases of active or passive particles." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac4801.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We consider one-dimensional systems comprising either active run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) or passive Brownian random walkers. These particles are either noninteracting or have hardcore exclusions. We study the dynamics of a single tracer particle embedded in such a system—this tracer may be either active or passive, with hardcore exclusion from environmental particles. In an active hardcore environment, both active and passive tracers show long-time subdiffusion: displacements scale as t 1/4 with a density-dependent prefactor that is independent of tracer type, and differs from the corresponding result for passive-in-passive subdiffusion. In an environment of noninteracting active particles, the passive-in-passive results are recovered at low densities for both active and passive tracers, but transient caging effects slow the tracer motion at higher densities, delaying the onset of any t 1/4 regime. For an active tracer in a passive environment, we find more complex outcomes, which depend on details of the dynamical discretization scheme. We interpret these results by studying the density distribution of environmental particles around the tracer. In particular, sticking of environment particles to the tracer cause it to move more slowly in noninteracting than in interacting active environments, while the anomalous behaviour of the active-in-passive cases stems from a ‘snowplough’ effect whereby a large pile of diffusive environmental particles accumulates in front of an RTP tracer during a ballistic run.
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Tappler, Martin, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Giovanni Bacci, Maria Eichlseder, and Kim G. Larsen. "$$L^*$$-based learning of Markov decision processes (extended version)." Formal Aspects of Computing 33, no. 4-5 (March 31, 2021): 575–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00165-021-00536-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAutomata learning techniques automatically generate systemmodels fromtest observations. Typically, these techniques fall into two categories: passive and active. On the one hand, passive learning assumes no interaction with the system under learning and uses a predetermined training set, e.g., system logs. On the other hand, active learning techniques collect training data by actively querying the system under learning, allowing one to steer the discovery ofmeaningful information about the systemunder learning leading to effective learning strategies. A notable example of active learning technique for regular languages is Angluin’s $$L^*$$ L ∗ -algorithm. The $$L^*$$ L ∗ -algorithm describes the strategy of a student who learns the minimal deterministic finite automaton of an unknown regular language $$L$$ L by asking a succinct number of queries to a teacher who knows $$L$$ L .In this work, we study $$L^*$$ L ∗ -based learning of deterministic Markov decision processes, a class of Markov decision processes where an observation following an action uniquely determines a successor state. For this purpose, we first assume an ideal setting with a teacher who provides perfect information to the student. Then, we relax this assumption and present a novel learning algorithm that collects information by sampling execution traces of the system via testing.Experiments performed on an implementation of our sampling-based algorithm suggest that our method achieves better accuracy than state-of-the-art passive learning techniques using the same amount of test obser vations. In contrast to existing learning algorithms which assume a predefined number of states, our algorithm learns the complete model structure including the state space.
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Piva, Alessandro. "An Overview on Image Forensics." ISRN Signal Processing 2013 (January 10, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/496701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the area of image forensics. These techniques have been designed to identify the source of a digital image or to determine whether the content is authentic or modified, without the knowledge of any prior information about the image under analysis (and thus are defined as passive). All these tools work by detecting the presence, the absence, or the incongruence of some traces intrinsically tied to the digital image by the acquisition device and by any other operation after its creation. The paper has been organized by classifying the tools according to the position in the history of the digital image in which the relative footprint is left: acquisition-based methods, coding-based methods, and editing-based schemes.
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Colombero, Chiara, Alberto Godio, and Denis Jongmans. "Ambient Seismic Noise and Microseismicity Monitoring of a Prone-To-Fall Quartzite Tower (Ormea, NW Italy)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091664.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Remote sensing techniques are leading methodologies for landslide characterization and monitoring. However, they may be limited in highly vegetated areas and do not allow for continuously tracking the evolution to failure in an early warning perspective. Alternative or complementary methods should be designed for potentially unstable sites in these environments. The results of a six-month passive seismic monitoring experiment on a prone-to-fall quartzite tower are here presented. Ambient seismic noise and microseismicity analyses were carried out on the continuously recorded seismic traces to characterize site stability and monitor its possible irreversible and reversible modifications driven by meteorological factors, in comparison with displacement measured on site. No irreversible modifications in the measured seismic parameters (i.e., natural resonance frequencies of the tower, seismic velocity changes, rupture-related microseismic signals) were detected in the monitored period, and no permanent displacement was observed at the tower top. Results highlighted, however, a strong temperature control on these parameters and unusual preferential vibration directions with respect to the literature case studies on nearly 2D rock columns, likely due the tower geometric constraints, as confirmed by 3D numerical modeling. A clear correlation with the tower displacement rate was found in the results, supporting the suitability of passive seismic monitoring systems for site characterization and early waning purposes.
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Rasmussen, Kim, and Søren Smidt. "Institutionsanalyse og biogrfisk metode." Dansk Sociologi 12, no. 3 (August 24, 2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v12i3.652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Institutional Analysis and Biographical Method
During the last 20 years most young danish children are into day-care institutions already at the age of 1-2 year. Children spend a lot of time in institutions and perciece many importent impressions and experiences by their institutional life. Although this is a fact, we until now have almost very little knowledge about the traces of childrens institutionalized lifes.
The research project “Traces of Childrens Institutional Life! - a project belonging to the new sociological childhood research with it’s focus on children as social actors and it’s intention to let children participate as informants, gather informations about the institutional life from 46 young people between 16-24 years. The open question put forward to the participants was: What do you remember from your life in day-care institutions? The project used a triangel of methods: the young people wrote down in narratives their recollections and expiriences, afterwards they were interviewed, and 10 of the young people reviewed their old day-care institution while guiding the researchers around and telling about their memories.
Those biographical inspired methods has been useful in this kind of institutional analysis. The biographical method bring us both importent informations about each single individual as well as important informations about the day-care institution, when the empirical material from each of the participants is brought together in a way which makes it possible to observe patterns and tendencies in it. The methods makes it possible too, representing the children as creative actors not passive victims. The methods support the childs view and expirience innate the young peoples accounts - but at the expence of the professionals. If empirical reseach in the future must investigate long time lasting traces of day-care institutions or other related institutions, we will recommand a triple method like the one used in this study.
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Pilz, Marco, Stefano Parolai, and Dino Bindi. "Three-dimensional passive imaging of complex seismic fault systems: evidence of surface traces of the Issyk-Ata fault (Kyrgyzstan)." Geophysical Journal International 194, no. 3 (June 18, 2013): 1955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt214.
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Campani, Carlos Heitor, and Leonardo Mesquita de Brito. "Private pension funds: passivity at active fund prices." Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 29, no. 76 (November 6, 2017): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201804270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT From 2005 to 2015, the total assets managed by open private pension funds increased more than six times in Brazil, where the Free Benefit Generating Plan (PGBL) and the Free Benefit Generating Life (VGBL) represent 90% of these assets. However, private pension institutions are characterized by the collection of high management fees, thus keeping for themselves much of the benefits offered by the government as incentive for investment in this modality. High management fees are justified only when there is active management of these funds, theoretically generating higher performance: this study indicates that this is not the case in this market segment. Similar problems have been faced in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Sweden, which filed investigation concerning funds that charge high management fees for active management, while they actually provide management that may be regarded as passive. This demonstrates the scale and relevance of this issue, which has been surveyed and addressed by this study. To do this, dynamic style analysis was performed, through rolling regressions, followed by Kalman filter analysis in funds from the top-five private pension institutions in Brazil. Analyzing the exposure evolution of these funds to various asset classes and the R2 generated, passivity traces were found, mainly in composite variable income funds. Such funds are precisely those that should be more actively managed, as they charge the highest management fees. This article also demonstrates it is possible to build a passive portfolio, having a very similar style and returns without statistically significant differences, but at a lower management fee (and aligned with passive funds).
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Surkis, A., C. S. Peskin, D. Tranchina, and C. S. Leonard. "Recovery of Cable Properties Through Active and Passive Modeling of Subthreshold Membrane Responses From Laterodorsal Tegmental Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 2593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surkis, A., C. S. Peskin, D. Tranchina, and C. S. Leonard. Recovery of cable properties through active and passive modeling of subthreshold membrane responses from laterodorsal tegmental neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2593–2607, 1998. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) is located in the dorsolateral pontine reticular formation. Cholinergic neurons in the LDT and the adjacent pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) are hypothesized to play a critical role in the generation of the electroencephalographic-desynchronized states of wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep. A quantitative analysis of the cable properties of these cells was undertaken to provide a more detailed understanding of their integrative behavior. The data used in this analysis were the morphologies of intracellularly labeled guinea pig LDT neurons and the voltage responses of these cells to somatic current injection. Initial attempts to model the membrane behavior near resting potential and in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 μM) as purely passive produced fits that did not capture many features of the experimental data. Moreover, the recovered values of membrane conductance or intracellular resistivity were often very far from those reported for other neurons, suggesting that a passive description of cell behavior near rest was not adequate. An active membrane model that included a subthreshold A-type K+ current and/or a hyperpolarization-activated cation current (H-current) then was used to model cell behavior. The voltage traces calculated using this model were better able to reproduce the experimental data, and the cable parameters determined using this methodology were more consistent with those reported for other cells. Additionally, the use of the active model parameter extraction methodology eliminated a problem encountered with the passive model in which parameter sets with widely varying values, sometimes spanning an order of magnitude or more, would produce effectively indistinguishable fits to the data. The use of an active model to directly fit the experimentally measured voltage responses to both long and short current pulses is a novel approach that is of general utility.
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Frohlick, Susan, and Adey Mohamed. "MESSY FREE-FOR-ALL OR AN “AHA!” MOMENT?: REFLECTIONS ON AN HIV AWARENESS PROGRAM WITH AFRICAN NEWCOMER YOUTH." Practicing Anthropology 43, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.43.4.3.
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Abstract This paper traces a collaboration between a White settler anthropologist and Black community liaison and researcher in the design and implementation of HIV awareness strategies. Based on ethnographic research with young people from African newcomer communities who settled in Winnipeg, Canada, their sense that HIV did not exist in Canada was the impetus for our movement of knowledge-to-action. Rather than deliver the facts to them as a passive audience, we created space and time for a series of youth-led conversations that were effective, emotional, corporeal, and socially dynamic. From our respective positionalities, we reflect on the impact of the awareness activity. What at times felt like “a free-for-all” fostered an awareness by the young people, as active agents, of the complexities of HIV as “more than a virus,” especially its racialized underpinnings.
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Horst, Jesse. "Erasing Las Yaguas: Shantytown Networks and Social Reform in the Cuban Revolution, 1944–1963." Hispanic American Historical Review 100, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8349862.
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Abstract Shortly after the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the government eradicated Havana's most famous shantytown, Las Yaguas. This essay traces more than a decade of negotiations between shantytown networks and government officials that preceded the eradication. While previous scholarship has made virtually no mention of pre-1959 policies, many aspects of post-1959 slum clearance grew directly from earlier initiatives. These policies were shaped by two overlapping types of disputes: those about property, and those about poverty. Over time, officials sought to neutralize activism around property and local autonomy, focusing on social welfare and rehabilitation instead. Shantytown leaders used this compromise to maximize claims for social assistance after 1959. Yet the relocations also reaffirmed long-standing stigmas against the urban poor, labeling them as passive or noncompliant. In the end, Las Yaguas residents were defined as beneficiaries, not heroes, of the Cuban Revolution.
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Bethel, A. C. W. "The Unfinished Web: Transit Planning in Los Angeles, 1895–1953." Southern California Quarterly 103, no. 1 (2021): 5–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2021.103.1.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because of its complexity and length this article is organized into two parts. Part I, which appeared in the previous issue of the Quarterly, traced attempts to improve rapid rail transit in Los Angeles from 1895 to 1925. This concluding installment traces the political, civic, and taxpayer response to the 1925 comprehensive regional rapid transit plan. The plan was eclipsed by a seemingly unrelated controversy about a union station for the steam railroads. Meanwhile, though frustrated in its plan for a crosstown subway, the rapid transit provider, the Pacific Electric Railway (PE), was not passive: it worked cooperatively with other public-sector and private-sector agencies to create viaducts that separated its trains from busy intersections, bought new rolling stock, and installed safety measures. The emerging multi-destinational, automobile-oriented city of the 1930s and 1940s led planners to include rail rapid transit in freeway medians, but the politically powerful State Division of Highways opposed it, as did various civic and commercial organizations and the Automobile Club of Southern California (ACSC). Sectional differences in how residents perceived their interests divided city council and state legislature support. PE’s management, now discouraged, gradually abandoned and finally sold its passenger service. Part II concludes with an examination of the PE’s financial condition in the 1920s in refutation of the often-made claim that the PE’s high debt and unprofitable financial account sheets precluded it from making capital investments.
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Bricaud, Clément, Julien Le Sommer, Gurvan Madec, Christophe Calone, Julie Deshayes, Christian Ethe, Jérôme Chanut, and Marina Levy. "Multi-grid algorithm for passive tracer transport in the NEMO ocean circulation model: a case study with the NEMO OGCM (version 3.6)." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 5465–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5465-2020.
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Abstract. Ocean biogeochemical models are key tools for both scientific and operational applications. Nevertheless the cost of these models is often expensive because of the large number of biogeochemical tracers. This has motivated the development of multi-grid approaches where ocean dynamics and tracer transport are computed on grids of different spatial resolution. However, existing multi-grid approaches to tracer transport in ocean modelling do not allow the computation of ocean dynamics and tracer transport simultaneously. This paper describes a new multi-grid approach developed for accelerating the computation of passive tracer transport in the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean circulation model. In practice, passive tracer transport is computed at runtime on a grid with coarser spatial resolution than the hydrodynamics, which reduces the CPU cost of computing the evolution of tracers. We describe the multi-grid algorithm, its practical implementation in the NEMO ocean model, and discuss its performance on the basis of a series of sensitivity experiments with global ocean model configurations. Our experiments confirm that the spatial resolution of hydrodynamical fields can be coarsened by a factor of 3 in both horizontal directions without significantly affecting the resolved passive tracer fields. Overall, the proposed algorithm yields a reduction by a factor of 7 of the overhead associated with running a full biogeochemical model like PISCES (with 24 passive tracers). Propositions for further reducing this cost without affecting the resolved solution are discussed.
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Borusiewicz, Rafał. "Chromatographic analysis of the traces of 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile with passive adsorption from the headspace on Tenax TA and Carbotrap 300." Forensic Science International 303 (October 2019): 109933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109933.
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Wang, Hanchen, Qiang Guo, Tariq Alkhalifah, and Zedong Wu. "Regularized elastic passive equivalent source inversion with full-waveform inversion: Application to a field monitoring microseismic data set." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): KS207—KS219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0738.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the key goals of microseismic processing is accurate estimation of the source location. Using full-waveform information in passive-source data sets can potentially delineate microseismic sources. The accuracy of the compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities has a strong influence on the estimation of source locations and hence the reliability of the fracture detection. We have adopted a methodology for passive source and velocity inversion, in which the conventional source term of the elastic wave equation is represented by an equivalent source. The equivalent source term is composed of source images and source functions because it is inspired by elastic reflection waveform inversion. Thus, we update the source locations, source functions, and velocities simultaneously by using a waveform inversion scheme. In the 2D isotropic case, the source terms are defined by two source image components and three source function components. They provide an alternative representation of the source mechanism, usually defined by the moment tensor. Waveform inversion of passive events has severe nonlinearity due to the unknown source locations in space and their functions in time. We have thus used a source-independent objective function, based on convolving reference traces with modeled and observed data, to avoid cycle skipping caused by the unknown sources. We first synthetically examined our method on a modified Marmousi model. Then, by applying a nested inversion for these variables, our method also produces good estimation of the source and background velocity for real microseismic monitoring data. We use a ball-drop event to test the accuracy because the inverted source location should match the ball-seat location. For the uncontrolled events, the estimated source distribution using waveform inversion agrees with the local stress potential information. Although our method has a higher computational cost than traveltime- or migration-based methods, the estimated event locations have significantly improved accuracy.
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Vladislavovich Bosnak, Dmitry. "Between Power and Love: Pilate’s Transformation in The Master and Margarita." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 585–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2020-0027.
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Summary The conventional reading of the “ancient” chapters of Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita attributes the role of an active moral subject to Pilate and a largely passive role to Ieshua. Proceeding from this assumption, the encounter between these characters is interpreted as an ethical event, in which Pilate is supposed to make decisions based entirely on his own will. This paper challenges this reading by arguing that Ieshua, generally considered the epitome of love, is the actual source of the events in which Pilate is involved. This idea is demonstrated by a comparison with the early Christian experience that views divine love as prior to power and intellect. The analysis traces Pilate’s inner transformation caused by the impact of proactive love and of the actual person of Ieshua, rather than his ideas, which clarifies the meaning of the encounter of these protagonists in Bulgakov’s novel.
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Rozenthal, Eduardo. "Freud e a memória do futuro (Freud and the memory of the future)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v11i1.1215.
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Neste artigo, por um lado, sigo o movimento da teoria freudiana que permite associar-lhe o pensamento da memória do presente, organização significante baseada nas diferenças entre traços mnêmicos. Descrevo, antes, a convergência entre as proposições psicanalíticas e a tradicional memória do passado, que consiste na reprodução passiva do que foi objetivamente percebido. Finalmente, acompanho os enunciados freudianos sobre o primado do afeto, onde a memória do imemorável abre as portas do futuro à subjetividade. Conservando seus efeitos na estruturação simbólica, a compreensão da memória do futuro libera uma descrição mais singularizada do processo de subjetivação em psicanálise.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Memória. Subjetividade. Subjetivação. Percepção. Representação.
ABSTRACT In this article, on the one hand, I follow the movement of Freudian theory in order to understand its association with the thought of the memory of the present, significant organization based on the differences among mnemonic traces. Before that, I indicate the psychoanalytical propositions that merge with the traditional memory of the past, passive model that consists of the reproduction of what was objectively perceived in the past. Finally, I follow Freudian arguments about the primal importance of the affect (force, drive), based on the argument that the memory of the immemorial times opens the doors of the future to subjectivity. Keeping its effects in the subjective symbolic organization, the understanding of the memory of the future frees a more singular description of the process of “subjectivation” in psychoanalysis.KEYWORDS: Memory. Subjectivity. Subjectivation. Perception. Representation.
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Wang, Hanchen, and Tariq Alkhalifah. "Direct microseismic event location and characterization from passive seismic data using convolutional neural networks." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 6 (September 9, 2021): KS109—KS121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0636.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ample size of time-lapse data often requires significant event detection and source location efforts, especially in areas such as shale gas exploration regions where a large number of microseismic events are often recorded. In many cases, real-time monitoring and location of these events are essential to production decisions. Conventional methods face considerable drawbacks. For example, traveltime-based methods require traveltime picking of often noisy data, whereas migration and waveform inversion methods require expensive wavefield solutions and event detection. Both tasks require some human intervention, and this becomes a big problem when too many sources need to be located, which is common in microseismic monitoring. Machine learning has recently been used to identify microseismic events or locate their sources once they are identified and picked. We have used a novel artificial neural network framework to directly map seismic data, without any event picking or detection, to their potential source locations. We train two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on labeled synthetic acoustic data containing simulated microseismic events to fulfill such requirements. One CNN, which has a global average pooling layer to reduce the computational cost while maintaining high-performance levels, aims to classify the number of events in the data. The other network predicts the source locations and other source features such as the source peak frequencies and amplitudes. To reduce the size of the input data to the network, we correlate the recorded traces with a central reference trace to allow the network to focus on the curvature of the input data near the zero-lag region. We train the networks to handle single-, multi-, and no-event segments extracted from the data. Tests on a simple vertical varying model and a more realistic Otway field model demonstrate the approach’s versatility and potential.
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Gouin, C., N. Aghanim, V. Bonjean, and M. Douspis. "Probing the azimuthal environment of galaxies around clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Galaxy clusters are connected at their peripheries to the large-scale structures by cosmic filaments that funnel accreting material. These filamentary structures are studied to investigate both environment-driven galaxy evolution and structure formation and evolution. In the present work, we probe in a statistical manner the azimuthal distribution of galaxies around clusters as a function of the cluster-centric distance, cluster richness, and star-forming or passive galaxy activity. We performed a harmonic decomposition in large photometric galaxy catalogue around 6400 SDSS clusters with masses M > 1014 solar masses in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 0.3. The same analysis was performed on the mock galaxy catalogue from the light cone of a Magneticum hydrodynamical simulation. We used the multipole analysis to quantify asymmetries in the 2D galaxy distribution. In the inner cluster regions at R < 2R500, we confirm that the galaxy distribution traces an ellipsoidal shape, which is more pronounced for richest clusters. In the outskirts of the clusters (R = [2 − 8]R500), filamentary patterns are detected in harmonic space with a mean angular scale mmean = 4.2 ± 0.1. Massive clusters seem to have a larger number of connected filaments than lower-mass clusters. We also find that passive galaxies appear to trace the filamentary structures around clusters better. This is the case even if the contribution of star-forming galaxies tends to increase with the cluster-centric distance, suggesting a gradient of galaxy activity in filaments around clusters.
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Wang, Huan, Zhen Ming Lei, Xiao Lin Gui, and Xiao Long Wu. "Component Analysis of GPRS Traffic Based on LLC Frames from a Live Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
GPRS is the dominant mobile Internet access in China. However, the nature of GPRS traffic characteristics remains unexamined for many reasons. In this paper, we present observations at both LLC-level and cell-level from passive monitoring of more than 2700 GPRS/EGPRS cell sites connected to the same SGSN at Gb interface. The traffic traces are from a major China ISP in one urban area of Northern Province during an ongoing 24 h period in August 2012. We found that user traffic averages at about 95% of overall traffic in both directions. Furthermore, we defined a cell-time record to measure the dynamic utility of radio resource and found that most cell sites have low traffic at most time, with the growth of total traffic load, the proportion of signal traffic declined correspondingly. All the conclusions in the paper are meaningful for researchers, network operators, and other members of the GPRS community.
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Bae, Gi-Yeul, and Steven J. Luck. "Reactivation of Previous Experiences in a Working Memory Task." Psychological Science 30, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619830398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent experiences influence the processing of new information even when those experiences are irrelevant to the current task. Does this reflect the indirect effects of a passively maintained representation of the previous experience, or is this representation reactivated when a new event occurs? To answer this question, we attempted to decode the orientation of the stimulus on the previous trial from the electroencephalogram on the current trial in a working memory task. Behavioral data confirmed that the previous-trial stimulus orientation influenced the reported orientation on the current trial, even though the previous-trial orientation was now task irrelevant. In two independent experiments, we found that the previous-trial orientation could be decoded from the current-trial electroencephalogram, indicating that the current-trial stimulus reactivated or boosted the representation of the previous-trial orientation. These results suggest that the effects of recent experiences on behavior are driven, in part, by a reactivation of those experiences and not solely by the indirect effects of passive memory traces.
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Wescott, William A., and John E. Utgaard. "An Upper Mississippian trace-fossil assemblage from the Tar Springs Sandstone, southern Illinois." Journal of Paleontology 61, no. 2 (March 1987): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000028432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A trace-fossil assemblage is exposed in the uppermost portion of an interpreted tidal sand-flat deposit in the Upper Mississippian Tar Springs Sandstone in southwestern Illinois. Sedimentary structures, indicative of a tidal origin for this unit, include herringbone crossbeds, flaser and lenticular beds, reactivation surfaces, small channel scours, and shrinkage cracks. The trace fossils include trackways, trails, feeding structures, dwelling burrows, and escape structures. Vertical dwelling and escape structures dominate the assemblage with lesser numbers of horizontal and inclined traces. The ichnological and sedimentological characteristics are diagnostic of the Skolithos ichnofacies. Preservation of the assemblage at the top of the Tar Springs Sandstone was the result of substrate stabilization as the tidal flat subsided and was transgressed. The present trace-fossil assemblage probably was formed by a combination of a pre-omission tidal-flat suite and an omission suite formed during and after the transgression. Preservation of the assemblage suggests a passive transgression with minimal scouring and reworking of the tidal-flat deposit.
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Amouzadeh, Mohammad, and Juliane House. "Translation as a language contact phenomenon." Languages in Contrast 10, no. 1 (April 8, 2010): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.10.1.03amo.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates how English influences the Persian scientific language. By analyzing parallel corpora of English and Persian texts from the areas of education and psychology, the paper seeks to reveal that translation as a language contact phenomenon influences not only the grammatical and semantic categories of the target language, it also leaves some traces of the impact of the source language on the discourse-pragmatics of the target language. This in turn leads to a kind of stylistic variation triggered by the source language. One of the main arguments adduced is that such a replication is based on the cultural filters operating in the replica language. In other words, the borrowed elements show a kind of innovative adaptation to the new environment to resolve their clashes with the target language. Thus the paper primarily focuses on the influence on Persian, through translation, of the English passive construction, as well as its deictic terms of first personal pronouns.