Статті в журналах: "Passive prospecting"

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Wang, Nan, Shanshan Zhao, Jian Hui, and Qiming Qin. "Passive Super-Low Frequency electromagnetic prospecting technique." Frontiers of Earth Science 11, no. 2 (March 4, 2017): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-017-0597-4.

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Bastos, Murilo, Kelby Cavalheiro de Mendonça, Valquiria Camargo Lins, Eduardo Muzzolon, Deise Mara Soares, Juliana Maria Silva, Weber Cláudio Francisco Nunes da Silva, and Juliana Sartori Bonini. "Technological prospecting of music therapy in Alzheimer's disease." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 16 (December 15, 2021): e443101622316. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.22316.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment and progressive memory loss and drug treatments have limited efficacy. Thus, non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, have shown to be promising as supporting pharmacological treatment and, therefore, may arouse commercial interest regarding the development of this type of product. Thus, this study aims to carry out a patentometric survey on patent registrations with music therapy in the treatment of AD. A systematic search was carried out from 2000 to 2020 on the Orbti-Questel website, searching for documents referring to music therapies in AD. The terms “Alzheimer music methodology active therapy” and “Alzheimer music methodology passive therapy” were used. After searching, reading, and excluding duplicate results, we found four patent families referring to music therapy in AD and all were selected as a result, which was considered little compared to the number of studies published on the subject.

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Liu, Mi, Guo An Yang, and Yong Lin Zhao. "The Research of Semi-Active Fuzzy Control on Sweep Frequency Vibration of Geophysical Prospecting Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.640.

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The vibration system of a geophysical prospecting car has three main features: the starting frequency is low (from 1Hz); the load is large (a single spring bears more than 3667Kg of load); the vibration signal is mixed with stochastic components. In this paper, models of an improved passive vibration isolation system and a semi-active fuzzy vibration control system of a geophysical prospecting car frame are established and simulated respectively. In the semi-active fuzzy control system the stiffness of an air spring is adjusted, and at the same time the impact by damping changes on the system performance is also taken into account. In order to evaluate the effects, the displacement and acceleration of car frame and the dynamic load of air spring are taken to comparative analysis. The results indicate that the proposed semi-active scheme can effectively lower the damage from vibroseis to the body of the car.

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Conti, Paolo, Marco Pistis, Stefano Bernardinetti, Alessio Barbagli, Andrea Zirulia, Lisa Serri, Tommaso Colonna, Enrico Guastaldi, and Giorgio Ghiglieri. "Tectonic Setting of the Kenya Rift in the Nakuru Area, Based on Geophysical Prospecting." Geosciences 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020080.

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In this paper, we present results of tectonic and geophysical investigations in the Kenya Rift valley, in the Nakuru area. We compiled a detailed geological map of the area based on published earlier works, well data and satellite imagery. The map was then integrated with original fieldwork and cross sections were constructed. In key areas, we then performed geophysical survey using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Hybrid Source Audio MagnetoTelluric (HSAMT), and single station passive seismic measurements (HVSR). In the study area, a volcano-sedimentary succession of the Neogene-Quaternary age characterized by basalts, trachytes, pyroclastic rocks, and tephra with intercalated lacustrine and fluvial deposits crops out. Faulting linked with rift development is evident and occurs throughout the area crosscutting all rock units. We show a rotation of the extension in this portion of the Kenya rift with the NE–SW extension direction of a Neogene-Middle Pleistocene age, followed by the E–W extension direction of an Upper Pleistocene-Present age. Geophysical investigations allowed to outline main lithostratigraphic units and tectonic features at depth and were also useful to infer main cataclasites and fractured rock bodies, the primary paths for water flow in rocks. These investigations are integrated in a larger EU H2020 Programme aimed to produce a geological and hydrogeological model of the area to develop a sustainable water management system.

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Reynolds, Andy M. "Signatures of active and passive optimized Lévy searching in jellyfish." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 99 (October 6, 2014): 20140665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0665.

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Some of the strongest empirical support for Lévy search theory has come from telemetry data for the dive patterns of marine predators (sharks, bony fishes, sea turtles and penguins). The dive patterns of the unusually large jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus do, however, sit outside of current Lévy search theory which predicts that a single search strategy is optimal. When searching the water column, the movement patterns of these jellyfish change over time. Movement bouts can be approximated by a variety of Lévy and Brownian (exponential) walks. The adaptive value of this variation is not known. On some occasions movement pattern data are consistent with the jellyfish prospecting away from a preferred depth, not finding an improvement in conditions elsewhere and so returning to their original depth. This ‘bounce’ behaviour also sits outside of current Lévy walk search theory. Here, it is shown that the jellyfish movement patterns are consistent with their using optimized ‘fast simulated annealing’—a novel kind of Lévy walk search pattern—to locate the maximum prey concentration in the water column and/or to locate the strongest of many olfactory trails emanating from more distant prey. Fast simulated annealing is a powerful stochastic search algorithm for locating a global maximum that is hidden among many poorer local maxima in a large search space. This new finding shows that the notion of active optimized Lévy walk searching is not limited to the search for randomly and sparsely distributed resources, as previously thought, but can be extended to embrace other scenarios, including that of the jellyfish R. octopus . In the presence of convective currents, it could become energetically favourable to search the water column by riding the convective currents. Here, it is shown that these passive movements can be represented accurately by Lévy walks of the type occasionally seen in R. octopus . This result vividly illustrates that Lévy walks are not necessarily the result of selection pressures for advantageous searching behaviour but can instead arise freely and naturally from simple processes. It also shows that the family of Lévy walkers is vastly larger than previously thought and includes spores, pollens, seeds and minute wingless arthropods that on warm days disperse passively within the atmospheric boundary layer.

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Gorbenko, V. I., R. A. Zhostkov, D. V. Likhodeev, D. A. Presnov, and A. L. Sobisevich. "Feasibility of using molecular-electronic seismometers in passive seismic prospecting: Deep structure of the Kaluga ring structure from microseismic sounding." Seismic Instruments 53, no. 3 (July 2017): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0747923917030045.

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Zhostkov, Ruslan A. "The influence of relief on the amplitude and velocity of acoustic surface waves as applied to the tasks of passive seismic prospecting." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149, no. 4 (April 2021): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0004464.

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8

Meng, Yinsheng, Xiaoqiang Chen, Wenguo Wang, Ruihong Li, and Gang Wang. "Geophysical Implications for Prospective Prediction of Copper Polymetallic Ore Bodies: Northern Margin of Alxa Block, China." Minerals 12, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050653.

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The Alxa Block is located in the middle part of the Central Asian orogenic belt, which is the coupling belt of the North China, Tarim, and Kazakhstan Plates. The east–west-trending deep faults control stratigraphic distribution and magmatic activity in the region. To detect the EW-trending ore-controlling deep structures, a 440 km NS section of magnetotelluric sounding was conducted from Minle to Ejinaqi. The phase tensor and electrical principal axis were analyzed based on the measured data to build the exploration model. The electrical structure model along the section was obtained using nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) 2D inversion. Combined with the geological, geophysical, and deposit distribution characteristics in the area, the comprehensive study of magnetotelluric sounding profile shows that the resistivity presents as zoned along the profile. The Engelwusu ophiolite mélange belt is stacked in clumps with high and low resistivity, indicating that the northern margin of the Engelwusu Belt subducts below the high-resistivity zone, representing the passive continental margin. The southern end of the Engelwusu ophiolite belt is primarily the prospecting potential area for copper–gold deposits, whereas the northern end of the Engelwusu ophiolite belt corresponds to copper polymetallic deposits.

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Monteiro, Catarina S., António V. Rodrigues, Duarte Viveiros, Cassiano Linhares, Hélder Mendes, Susana O. Silva, Paulo V. S. Marques, Sérgio M. O. Tavares, and Orlando Frazão. "Optical Fiber Sensors for Structural Monitoring in Power Transformers." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 6127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186127.

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Power transformers are central elements of power transmission systems and their deterioration can lead to system failures, causing major disruptions in service. Catastrophic failures can occur, posing major environmental hazards due to fires, explosions, or oil spillage. Early fault detection can be accomplished or estimated using electrical sensors or a chemical analysis of oil or gas samples. Conventional methods are incapable of real-time measurements with a low electrical noise due to time-consuming analyses or susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber sensors, passive elements that are immune to electromagnetic noise, are capable of structural monitoring by being enclosed in power transformers. In this work, optical fiber sensors embedded in 3D printed structures are studied for vibration monitoring. The fiber sensor is encapsulated between two pressboard spacers, simulating the conditions inside the power transformer, and characterized for vibrations with frequencies between 10 and 800 Hz, with a constant acceleration of 10 m/s2. Thermal aging and electrical tests are also accomplished, aiming to study the oil compatibility of the 3D printed structure. The results reported in this work suggest that structural monitoring in power transformers can be achieved using optical fiber sensors, prospecting real-time monitoring.

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10

Mohebbi-Kalkhoran, Hamed, and Purnima Ratilal. "Automatic detection and classification of baleen and toothed whale calls via machine learning approaches over instantaneous wide areas in the Gulf of Maine received on a coherent hydrophone array." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016331.

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Large acoustic data sets are typically generated from ocean observations with a 160-element coherent hydrophone array and correspondingly larger volumes of acoustic detection events stem from coherent array processing. Beamforming enhances detection signal to-noise ratio, significantly improving detection ranges, as well as providing signal bearing. Here, we develop and train algorithms for the automatic detection and classification of baleen and toothed whale calls present in multiple beamformed spectrograms spanning 360 degree azimuths generated via the passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing technique in the following six categories for the Gulf of Maine: Fin, Sei, Minke, Humpback, unidentified baleen whale downsweep chirps, and general toothed whale encompassing echolocation clicks and whistles below 4 kHz. The classifiers include random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree applied to hand-engineered features, as well as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based model on the per-channel energy normalization transform (PCEN) applied directly to beamformed spectrogram imagery. Total accuracy of 95% and average F1-score of 85% are achieved using random forest classifier. The processing flow, including beamforming, PCEN extraction and call classification, run in real-time making the methods suitable for real-world applications, such as marine mammal monitoring and mitigation in ocean hydrocarbon prospecting and wind farm installations.

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11

Maksimov, L. A., and G. V. Vedernikov. "APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PASSIVE–ACTIVE CDP SURVEY (CDP PAS) FOR REGIONAL EVALUATION OF PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE SEPANOVSKOYE DOME-SHAPED UPLIFT OF THE EAST PAIDUGINA DEPRESSION." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 2 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2021-2-46-55.

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The results of application of the innovative CDP PAS technology on the materials of seismic operations along regional CDP profiles with a total length of 2171 linear km clarifying the southeastern part of the Tomsk region are given. This technology is based on the analysis of spatial-temporal intervals of CDP seismograms up to the first arrivals of induced waves, which provides additional characteristics of emission waves. The working results are presented by spectra and graphs of activity of geodynamic noises in comparison with time sections and the scheme of the spatial position of these data. Areas of anomalous noise values that allow researchers to predict the presence of hydrocarbon accumulations within their boundaries have been identified for all profiles. The results obtained make it possible to assess the oil bearing capacity of this territory rather highly. In Tomsk region, these prospects should be associated mainly with specific non-anti cline traps located near suture zones- long-lived tectonic faults that are possible channels for the migration of deep hydrocarbons. The data obtained indicate an increase in petroleum potential in the southern direction, that is important for the development strategy of this district. The territory of the Stepanovskoye dome mesoelevation appears to be the primary target for the buildup of prospecting and exploration here.

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Prystai, A. M., and V. O. Pronenko. "Improving of electrical channels for magnetotelluric sounding instrumentation." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-149-2015.

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Abstract. The study of the deep structure of the Earth's crust is of great interest for both applied (e.g. mineral exploration) and scientific research. For this the electromagnetic (EM) studies which enable one to construct the distribution of electrical conductivity in the Earth's crust are of great use. The most common method of EM exploration is magnetotelluric sounding (MT). This passive method of research uses a wide range of natural geomagnetic variations as a powerful source of electromagnetic induction in the Earth, producing telluric current variations there. It includes the measurements of variations of natural electric and magnetic fields in orthogonal directions at the surface of the Earth. By this, the measurements of electric fields are much more complicated metrological processes, and, namely, they limit the precision of MT prospecting. This is especially complicated at deep sounding when measurements of long periods are of interest. The increase in the accuracy of the electric field measurement can significantly improve the quality of MT data. Because of this, the development of a new version of an instrument for the measurements of electric fields at MT – both electric field sensors and the electrometer – with higher levels relative to the known instrument parameter level – was initiated. The paper deals with the peculiarities of this development and the results of experimental tests of the new sensors and electrometers included as a unit in the long-period magnetotelluric station LEMI-420 are given.

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Prystai, A. M., and V. O. Pronenko. "Improving of electrical channels for magnetotelluric sounding instrumentation." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 5, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-5-63-2015.

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Abstract. The study of deep structure of the Earth's crust is of great interest for both applied (e.g. mineral exploration) and scientific research. For this the electromagnetic (EM) studies which enable to construct the distribution of electrical conductivity in the Earth's crust are of great use. The most common method of EM exploration is magnetotelluric sounding (MT). This passive method of research uses a wide range of natural geomagnetic variations as a powerful source of electromagnetic induction in the Earth, producing there telluric currents variations. It includes the measurements of variations of natural electric and magnetic fields in orthogonal directions at the surface of the Earth. By this, the measurements of electric field are much more complicated metrological process, and namely they are limiting the precision of MT prospecting. This is especially complicated at deep sounding when measurements of long periods are of interest. The increase of the accuracy of the electric field measurement can significantly improve the quality of MT data. Because of this the development of new version of instrument for the measurements of electric field at MT – both electric field sensors and the electrometer – with higher relative to the known instruments parameters level were initiated. The paper deals with the peculiarities of this development and the results of experimental tests of the new sensors and electrometer included as a unit in the long-period magnetotelluric station LEMI-420 are given.

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Hernandez, Keith M., Denise Risch, Danielle M. Cholewiak, Micah J. Dean, Leila T. Hatch, William S. Hoffman, Aaron N. Rice, Douglas Zemeckis, and Sofie M. Van Parijs. "Acoustic monitoring of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Massachusetts Bay: implications for management and conservation." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 3 (February 14, 2013): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst003.

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Abstract Hernandez, K. M., Risch, D., Cholewiak, D. M., Dean, M. J., Hatch, L. T., Hoffman, W. S., Rice, A. N., Zemeckis, D., and Van Parijs, S. M. 2013. Acoustic monitoring of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Massachusetts Bay: implications for management and conservation. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 628–635. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in northeastern US waters are depleted and stock recovery has been slow; research into the spawning behaviour of this species can help inform conservation and management measures. Male cod produce low-frequency grunts during courtship and spawning. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) offers a different perspective from which to investigate the occurrence, spatial extent and duration of spawning cod aggregations. A marine autonomous recording unit was deployed in the “Spring Cod Conservation Zone” (SCCZ) located in Massachusetts Bay, western Atlantic, to record cod grunts from April–June 2011. Cod grunts were present on 98.67% of the recording days (n = 75 days). They occurred across all 24 h, although significantly more grunts were found during the day than night-time (p = 0.0065). Grunt durations ranged from 57–360 ms, and the fundamental frequency and second harmonic had mean peak frequencies of 49.7 ± 5.6 and 102.9 Hz ± 10.9 sd, respectively. Cod grunt rates were low compared with those reported for other spawning fish, and may be indicative of diel movement patterns. Next steps will focus on expanding PAM coverage within the SCCZ, alongside prospecting for unknown spawning grounds within existing archival data.

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Mustaev, R. N., E. A. Lavrenova, V. Yu Kerimov, and R. A. Mamedov. "Peculiarities of Tertiary petroleum systems evolution under prograding shelf environment on the continental margin of the East Siberian Sea." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 10 (September 4, 2021): 3617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01280-5.

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AbstractThe upper part of the sedimentary cover within the East Siberian Sea shelf comprises Cenozoic clinoform deposits, which accumulated in passive continental margin settings. In the Eastern Arctic, the productivity of clinoform deposits has been proved on the Alaska North Slope and in the Beaufort–Mackenzie Basin. Considering that Cenozoic clinoform deposits are widely represented in the Russian part of the Eastern Arctic, they undoubtedly attract considerable interest from the standpoint of hydrocarbons prospecting. However, despite increasingly closer attention to this interval of the sedimentary section, it is still poorly understood due to its complicated geology. The lack of drilled wells in the region imposes a considerable limitation on an understanding of sedimentary basins development. In this situation, geophysical data become the primary source of information for building geologic models in the Russian sector of the Eastern Arctic. An assessment of hypothetical Cenozoic petroleum systems of the East Siberian Sea is the main objective of this paper. It is to be said research performed under high uncertainty of input data. The results obtained from basin analysis and numerical modeling indicate the possibility that an active petroleum system may exist in the Cenozoic sedimentary wedge of the East Siberian Sea. The outlook for the clinoform complex largely depends on the source rock maturity, i.e., higher prospects should be expected in areas where the prograding wedge has maximum thickness. Considering all factors (reservoir quality prediction, proximity to a hydrocarbon kitchen, timing), the Eocene–Oligocene part of the sedimentary section appears to offer the greatest promise within the study area. Here, predominantly oil accumulations may be expected at a depth of 2.5–3.5 km below sea bottom.

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Di Maio, R., R. Salone, C. De Paola, E. Piegari, and S. Vitale. "3D Numerical Simulations of Non-Volcanic CO2 Degassing in Active Fault Zones Based on Geophysical Surveys." Surveys in Geophysics 42, no. 6 (October 21, 2021): 1443–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-021-09666-0.

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Abstract An integrated approach that combines geophysical surveys and numerical simulations is proposed to study the processes that govern the fluid flow along active fault zones. It is based on the reconstruction of the architecture of the investigated fault system, as well as the identification of possible paths for fluid migration, according to the distribution of geophysical parameters retrieved by multi-methodological geophysical prospecting. The aim is to establish, thanks to constraints deriving from different types of data (e.g., geological, geochemical and/or hydrogeological data), an accurate 3D petrophysical model of the survey area to be used for simulating, by numerical modelling, the physical processes likely taking place in the imaged system and its temporal evolution. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested in an active fault zone in the Matese Mts (southern Italy), where recent, accurate geochemical measurements have registered very high anomalous values of non-volcanic natural emissions of CO2. In particular, a multi-methodological geophysical survey, consisting of electrical resistivity tomography, self-potential and passive seismic measurements, integrated with geological data, was chosen to define the 3D petrophysical model of the investigated system and to identify possible source geometries. Three different scenarios were assumed corresponding to three different CO2 source models. The one that hypothesizes a source located along the fault plane at the depth of the carbonate basement was found to be the best candidate to represent the test site. Indeed, the performed numerical simulations provide CO2 flow estimates comparable with the values observed in the investigated area. These findings are promising for gas hazards, as they suggest that numerical simulations of different CO2 degassing scenarios could forecast possible critical variations in the amount of CO2 emitted near the fault.

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Connor, JC, DM Berk, and MW Hotz. "Effects of continuous passive motion following Austin bunionectomy. A prospective review." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 85, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-85-12-744.

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Thirty-nine patients suffering from hallux valgus deformity were randomized into one of two treatment groups following a corrective Austin procedure. One group received physical therapy only (n = 18), and the other group received physical therapy and continuous passive motion (n = 21). Continuous passive motion was initiated immediately after surgery and patients were instructed to use continuous passive motion for 8 hr a day for 24 days. On the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 60th, and 90th days, range of motion, return to conventional shoes, use of oral analgesics, and complication rate were measured. The group using continuous passive motion had greater range of motion at each postoperative visit compared with the group who used physical therapy only (P < 0.05). The group who used physical therapy only took longer to return to conventional shoes and to cease oral medication than the group who used continuous passive motion (P < 0.01). The use of continuous passive motion as an adjunct to physical therapy following an Austin procedure expedites the rehabilitation time and increases the rate of return to functional range of motion.

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Windham, G. C., B. Hopkins, L. Fenster, and S. H. Swan. "PASSIVE SMOKING AND LOW BIRTHWEIGHT IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY." Epidemiology 7, Supplement (July 1996): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199607001-00075.

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Na, Jigen, Huiting Chen, Hang An, Mengyuan Ren, Xiaoqian Jia, Bin Wang, Zhiwen Li, Xiaohong Liu, Rongwei Ye, and Nan Li. "Passive Smoking and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Nonsmoking Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084712.

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Background: Increasing evidence has shown that active smoking can increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the effect of passive smoking is still unknown. Women in pregnancy are vulnerable to secondhand smoke. This study explored the association of passive smoking with GDM in China. Method: A total of 3083 nonsmoking pregnant women living in Beijing were recruited into a prospective cohort study. Sociodemographic and passive smoking data were collected with structured questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Glucose levels were measured by physicians according to standard protocols. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for the association estimation after accounting for potential confounders. Result: In total, 562 of the 3083 participants developed GDM (18.23%); 779 participants (25.27%) reported exposure to passive smoking. After adjusting for age, BMI, ethnicity, education, occupation, and parity, passive smoking conferred an approximately 1.4-fold risk increase in GDM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.11, 1.70)). The adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for passive smoking levels of <1, 1–6, and ≥7 times per week were 1.21 (0.94, 1.55), 1.81 (1.22, 2.69), and 1.70 (1.02, 2.84), respectively. An obvious passive-smoking–GDM association was observed among only nulliparous women (adjusted OR = 1.45, 95% CI: (1.14, 1.85)). Conclusion: Frequent exposure to secondhand smoke could increase the risk of GDM among nonsmoking pregnant women. Parity status might modify their association. Public policies should be advocated to prevent passive smoking among this population.

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Farzad, Maryam, Fereydoun Layeghi, Ali Asgari, David C. Ring, Masoud Karimlou, and S. Ali Hosseini. "A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF CONTROLLED PASSIVE MOBILIZATION VS. PLACE AND ACTIVE HOLD EXERCISES AFTER ZONE 2 FLEXOR TENDON REPAIR." Hand Surgery 19, no. 01 (January 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810414500105.

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Purpose: The rehabilitation program after flexor tendon repair of zone II laceration varies. We designed a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of controlled passive mobilization (modified Kleinert) vs. Place and active hold exercises after zone 2-flexor tendon repair by two-strand suture (Modified kessler). Methods: Sixty-four fingers in 54 patients with zone 2 flexor tendon modified Kessler repairs were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing place and active hold exercises to controlled passive mobilization (modified Kleinert). The primary outcome measure was total active motion eight weeks after repair as measured by an independent and blinded therapist. Results: Patients treated with place and active hold exercises had significantly greater total active motion (146) eight weeks after surgery than patients treated with controlled passive mobilization (114) (modified Klinert). There were no ruptures in either group. Conclusions: Place and hold achieves greater motion than controlled passive mobilization after a two-strand repair for zone 2 flexor tendon repairs.

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Qu, Yimin, Shi Chen, Hui Pan, Huijuan Zhu, Chengsheng Yan, Shikun Zhang, and Yu Jiang. "Exposure to tobacco smoke and stillbirth: a national prospective cohort study in rural China." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 4 (January 9, 2020): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213290.

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IntroductionParental exposure to tobacco smoke has been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, while only a few studies took the overall parental tobacco exposure status into consideration. We aim to explore the relationship of parental smoking and passive smoking before and during pregnancy with stillbirth in a large Chinese rural cohort.Design248 501 couples were enrolled in a national prospective cohort study conducted in rural China. Parental exposure to tobacco smoke before and during pregnancy, along with other risk factors, was ascertained by questionnaires. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded by physicians.ResultsThe ORs (Odds Ratios) of maternal active smoking, maternal passive smoking, paternal active smoking and paternal passive smoking were 2.07 (95% CI 1.25 to 3.41), 1.22 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.47), 1.36 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.63) and 1.10 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.39), respectively. The rates of stillbirth increased from 0.31% for the maternal non-smoking group to 0.43% for the smoking cessation during pregnancy group, to 0.64% for the decreased smoking group and 1.28% for the continuing smoking group. A similar pattern was found in the change in paternal smoking status and stillbirth. Stratified by maternal passive smoking, the OR of paternal smoking was 1.35 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.61) in the maternal non-smoking group and 1.67 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.56) in the maternal passive smoking group.ConclusionsParental exposure to tobacco smoke increased the risk of stillbirth, especially for those continuing smoking during pregnancy. Paternal smoking is an independent risk factor for stillbirth despite maternal passive smoking status.

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He, Fan, Tian Li, Junfen Lin, Fudong Li, Yujia Zhai, Tao Zhang, Xue Gu, and Genming Zhao. "Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041402.

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There is currently no consensus regarding the effects of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in older adults. We evaluated 7000 permanent residents from six regions within Zhejiang Province, China, aged ≥60 years, without cognitive impairment at baseline and during follow-up examinations for two years. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the participants’ cognitive function. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to calculate the adjusted relative risks (RRs) as measures of the association between passive smoking exposure and cognitive impairment after adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed an association between passive smoking exposure in the living environment and increased risk of cognitive impairment (RR: 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.35). No dose–response relationship between the cumulative dose of passive smoking exposure (days) and cognitive impairment was observed. The results of stratified analyses suggested a harmful effect of passive smoking exposure on cognitive function in non-smokers (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06–1.46), but not in smokers (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.71–1.92). Therefore, passive smoking exposure increased the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, especially non-smokers. More effective measures to restrict smoking in the living environment should be developed and implemented.

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Nguyen, Yann, Carine Salliot, Amandine Gelot, Xavier Mariette, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, and Raphaele Seror. "Passive smoking in childhood and adulthood and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: results from the French E3N cohort study." RMD Open 8, no. 1 (February 2022): e001980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001980.

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ObjectiveThe association between passive smoking exposure in childhood or in adulthood, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been incompletely investigated. We aimed to assess the relationship between exposure to passive smoking and the risk of incident RA in a French prospective cohort of healthy women.MethodsThe E3N Study (Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle générale de l’Education Nationale) is a French prospective cohort of women included in 1990. Exposures to passive smoking were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. RA cases were self-reported and subsequently validated. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and for potential confounders were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for incident RA.ResultsAmong 79 806 women, 698 incident cases of RA were identified; 10 810 (13.5%) women were exposed to passive smoking in childhood, and 42 807 (53.6%) in adulthood. Median age at inclusion was 47.8 years. Passive smoking in childhood and in adulthood was associated with RA risk in all models (HRs (95% CIs) 1.24 (1.01 to 1.51) and 1.19 (1.02 to 1.40), respectively). The absolute risk of RA among never smokers with exposure to passive smoking in childhood and/or adulthood (47.6/100 000 person-years) was close to the risk of ever smokers with no passive smoking exposure (47.2/100 000 person-years), while it was highest in ever smokers also exposed to passive smoking (53.7/100 000 person-years).ConclusionExposure to passive smoking in childhood and/or adulthood increases the risk of RA by the same order than active smoking. Such exposure should be suppressed, especially in individuals at risk of RA.

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Kawachi, Ichiro, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer, Walter C. Willett, and Charles H. Hennekens. "A Prospective Study of Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease." Circulation 95, no. 10 (May 20, 1997): 2374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.95.10.2374.

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Zaki, Wan Rahmah Mohd, Abdul Hadi Nawawi, and Sabarinah Sh.Ahmad. "Environmental Prospective of Passive Architecture Design Strategies in Terrace Houses." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 42 (2012): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.194.

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Dworak, Janusz. "IMPROVING PARADIGM OF MARKETING RESEARCH (RETROSPECTIVE, PROSPECTIVE AND PASSIVE METHODS)." sj-economics scientific journal 22, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v22i3.323.

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New methods of marketing studies increase the possibility of obtaining information. Taking into account that the respondent is a representative of strong formalized organization and local communities, his characteristics and preferences can be move to other members of the group. Wider research perspective let us to collect more data in less time, which determine significant reduction of the survey cost.

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Wang, Ange, Jessica Kubo, Juhua Luo, Manisha Desai, Michael T. Henderson, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Hilary Tindle, et al. "Active and passive smoking in relation to lung cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative prospective cohort study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.1504.

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1504 Background: The relationship between both active and passive smoking and lung cancer incidence in post-menopausal women was examined in theWomen’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). Methods: The WHI-OS, a prospective cohort study conducted at 40 U.S. centers, enrolled women ages 50-79 from 1993-1998.Among 93,676 participants, 76,304 women with complete smoking and covariate data comprised the analytic cohort, in which the association of lung cancer incidence with active and passive (childhood, adult home, and work) smoking exposure was studied. Results: Over 10.5 meanyears of follow-up with 901 lung cancer cases, lung cancer incidence was higher in current smokers (HR 13.44, 95% CI 10.80-16.75) and former smokers (HR 4.20, 95% CI 3.48-5.08), compared to never smokers. This relationship was dose-dependent for both current and former smokers. Risk of all lung cancer subtypes, particularly small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), was higher in smokers. Among never smokers, any passive smoking exposure (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.52-1.49) and most passive smoking categories did not significantly increase lung cancer risk, compared to no passive exposure; however, passive exposure as an adult at home for >=30 years was associated with increased risk, of borderline significance (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00-2.58). Current smokers had an annualized lung cancer incidence rate of 472.9 cases/100,000 person-years, compared to 158.1 for former smokers and 36.2 for never smokers (112.3 overall). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine both active and passive smoking in relation to lung cancer incidence in a complete prospective cohort of U.S. women. Active smoking is associated with significant increases in incidence of all lung cancer subtypes in post-menopausal women, particularly SCLC and SqCC. Smoking cessation decreases lung cancer risk. Prolonged exposure as an adult at home may be the strongest passive smoking contributor to lung cancer risk in this cohort. The findings support continued need for investment in smoking prevention and cessation, research on passive smoking, and understanding of lung cancer risk factors other than smoking.

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BUNKER, T. D., BARBARA POTTER, and N. J. BARTON. "Continuous Passive Motion Following Flexor Tendon Repair." Journal of Hand Surgery 14, no. 4 (August 1989): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_89_90156-3.

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A prospective study was performed of 20 consecutive patients with 35 flexor tendon lacerations, in whom post-operative mobilisation was carried out using the Toronto Mobilimb Continuous Passive Motion machine for the first 4½ weeks. Overall the results assessed by Buck Gramcko criteria were 17 (85%) excellent or good, 3 (15%) fair and no poor results. Taking the 17 fingers with zone II lacerations, 14 (82%) were excellent or good, 3 (18%) fair and no poor results.

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Atef, A., I. Abo Zeid, M. Qotb, and E. Gad El Rab. "Effect of passive smoking on ciliary regeneration of nasal mucosa after functional endoscopic sinus surgery in children." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 1 (October 10, 2008): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108003678.

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AbstractHypothesis and background:Passive smoking in the paediatric age group is associated with an increased frequency of a number of childhood respiratory disorders. However, its effect on ciliary regeneration after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis has not previously been reported.Material and methods:We conducted a prospective, nonrandomised cohort study on 38 paediatric patients with chronic sinusitis. We compared two patient groups – passive smokers and those not subjected to passive smoking – as regards ciliary regeneration after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, using objective methodology.Results and conclusion:We found passive smoking to have a negative impact on sinus cilia regeneration following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

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Bao, Y., E. Giovannucci, C. S. Fuchs, and D. S. Michaud. "Passive Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer in Women: a Prospective Cohort Study." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 18, no. 8 (July 14, 2009): 2292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0352.

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Zimmerman, Boqing ChenJerald R. "‘Continuous passive motion’ (cpm) na totale knie-artroplastiek: een prospectief onderzoek." Stimulus 21, no. 1 (March 2002): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03062892.

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Dufournier, Benjamin, Charles Schlur, and Philippe Collin. "Is early mobilization necessary in isolated rotator cuff repair? Results of a prospective series of 1,200 cases." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2022): 2325967121S0036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00363.

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Objectives: Non-healing of rotator cuff tears is estimated to be between 5 and 20%. Rehabilitation protocols vary. Some advocate early rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to verify whether rapid recovery of mobility was not associated with a higher rate of non-healing. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective study. The primary inclusion criterion was first-line arthroscopic repair of an isolated complete cuff tear without retraction (Patte 1) or fatty degeneration (Goutallier - less than 2). It was the same surgeon, the same surgical technique (double row) and the same rehabilitation protocol (self-mobilization, hands together). Patients were seen again by an evaluator other than the surgeon. We analyzed passive elevation and external rotation (ER1) mobility and pain at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, active mobilities at 3 months and 6 months, and the Constant score at 6 months. Tendon healing was assessed at six months by ultrasound according to Sugaya’s classification (grouping 1/2/3 healed and 4/5 unhealed). Results: 1,200 patients were included, 101 were excluded (lost to follow-up or missing data at one of the reviews). The healing rate was 85.7%. We noted a statistically significant difference between the healed and unhealed groups for passive elevation at 6 weeks (128° vs 142° p <0.0001), passive ER1 (23°/32°, p <0.0001). As well as at 3 months for passive elevation (149°/155°, p = 0.0005) for ER1 (43°/48°, p = 0.0008). No difference in pain between the 2 groups (at each review) nor in the final Constant score (72.3 vs 70.2) Conclusion: Patients with poorer passive joint mobility at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively had a better healing rate at 6 months. This clear correlation is an indication that we should reflect on the earliness of rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair.

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Hallgren, Mats, Thi-Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Neville Owen, Brendon Stubbs, Davy Vancampfort, Andreas Lundin, David Dunstan, Rino Bellocco, and Ylva Trolle Lagerros. "Cross-sectional and prospective relationships of passive and mentally active sedentary behaviours and physical activity with depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.60.

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BackgroundSedentary behaviour can be associated with poor mental health, but it remains unclear whether all types of sedentary behaviour have equivalent detrimental effects.AimsTo model the potential impact on depression of replacing passive with mentally active sedentary behaviours and with light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. An additional aim was to explore these relationships by self-report data and clinician diagnoses of depression.MethodIn 1997, 43 863 Swedish adults were initially surveyed and their responses linked to patient registers until 2010. The isotemporal substitution method was used to model the potential impact on depression of replacing 30 min of passive sedentary behaviour with equivalent durations of mentally active sedentary behaviour, light physical activity or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Outcomes were self-reported depression symptoms (cross-sectional analyses) and clinician-diagnosed incident major depressive disorder (MDD) (prospective analyses).ResultsOf 24 060 participants with complete data (mean age 49.2 years, s.d. 15.8, 66% female), 1526 (6.3%) reported depression symptoms at baseline. There were 416 (1.7%) incident cases of MDD during the 13-year follow-up. Modelled cross-sectionally, replacing 30 min/day of passive sedentary behaviour with 30 min/day of mentally active sedentary behaviour, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous activity reduced the odds of depression symptoms by 5% (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97), 13% (odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–1.00) and 19% (odds ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.93–0.90), respectively. Modelled prospectively, substituting 30 min/day of passive with 30 min/day of mentally active sedentary behaviour reduced MDD risk by 5% (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99); no other prospective associations were statistically significant.ConclusionsSubstituting passive with mentally active sedentary behaviours, light activity or moderate-to-vigorous activity may reduce depression risk in adults.

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Mateu, Maria, Sandra Benítez-Rogé, Diana Calabrese, María Lumi, Marina Marina, Paola Méndez, Marisa Solla, and Alejandra Folco. "Prospective clinical study of transverse development with orthodontics with self-ligating brackets." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 33, no. 2 (September 2020): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.33/2/112.

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Orthodontics with low friction, low force, passive self-ligating brackets produces alveolar-dental remodeling, resulting in an increase in the transverse diameter of the dental arches, especially in the premolar sector. The aim of this study was to compare the modifications of the transverse diameter in the pre- and post-dental alignment cast models with orthodontics with passive self-ligating brackets in patients with moderate to severe dental discrepancy. The study included 28 patients of both sexes aged 16 to 48 years with dental discrepancies between -6 and -16 mm, treated with self-ligating Damon brackets and thermally activated Nickel- Titanium-Copper arches. With a digital pachymeter, Mitutoyo brand, five measurements were taken per dental arch: distance between canines (C), first premolars (1PM), second premolars (2 PM), first molars (1M) and second molars (2M), before and after orthodontic alignment. The variations were statistically evaluated by Student T Test for paired samples. Average distance between teeth varied with dental alignment in both jaws. The greatest increases in transverse diameter were recorded in the premolar areas. Minor though statistically significant variations also occurred in the 2M of the maxilla and in the C of the mandible In alignment with passive self-ligating brackets, there is an increase in the transverse diameter due to the development of the dental arches, mainly in the premolar sector of both jaws and also at the level of the canines in the mandible.

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Hohneck, Anna, Rosa Meissner, Christina Reyser, Lara Heinemann, Kathrin Christians, Kirsten Merx, Simone Weingärtner, et al. "Effects of a Sound Intervention on Physical and Emotional Well-Being in Patients with Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Trial." Oncology Research and Treatment 46, no. 1-2 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000528187.

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Aim: Cancer remains a disease with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality but also on quality of life. This prospective randomized pilot study investigated the effects of a sound intervention on physical and emotional well-being in outpatients with cancer. Methods: Two self-applied sound interventions were used for this purpose, either active “music playing” with a body monochord or passive sound intervention with headphones to listen to a given music compilation. Interventions were carried out over a period of 4 weeks for at least 15 min in the evening before bedtime. The following self-assessment questionnaires were completed both at baseline and after 4 weeks to evaluate the response: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and fatigue, and the Fear of Progression (FoP) questionnaire. Primary endpoint of this exploratory trial was to describe the rate of patients with improvement in at least one dimension without worsening of any other. Results: 73 patients (29 male, 44 female) were included in the study and randomized to either active (n = 34, 47%) or passive sound intervention (n = 39, 53%). Median age was 52.0 years (range 21–79). Fourteen patients (19%) stated that they were musically active. The sound intervention was carried out on a median of 26 days (range 5–28). A higher percentage of patients in the passive group reached the primary endpoint: n = 15 (39%) versus n = 9 (27%). Response differences in favour of the passive group were seen with the VAS fatigue and with QLQ-30 questionnaires. Overall, an improvement in QLQ-30 questionnaire was seen in 12 patients (31%) in the passive group versus 3 patients (9%). Moreover, sound intervention significantly improved social functioning and shortness of breath in the passive group according to QLQ-C30. Significant improvements were also noticed in the passive group in terms of affective reactions as a domain of the FoP questionnaire. No effects on pain or sleep quality could be observed. Conclusion: A 4-week self-administered sound intervention was feasible in outpatients suffering from cancer. Using a panel of 5 questionnaires, passive sound interventions appeared to be more likely to positively influence patient-reported outcomes. In particular, a positive impact was documented in social functioning and fatigue.

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Arnaout, Sami, Richard T. Ellison, Thomas C. Greenough, Azalea Wedig, Michael J. Mitchell, Lauren St John, and Shannon Stock. "114. Prospective Trial of Passive Diversion Device to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.114.

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Abstract Background Blood culture contaminants can lead to inappropriate antibiotic use, prolonged length of stay, and additional hospital costs. Several devices have been developed to reduce the risk of blood culture contamination by diverting a portion of the initial blood sample from the blood culture bottle. We have assessed the effectiveness of one blood diversion device in a prospective trial performed at the two separate emergency departments (EDs) of a three-campus Academic Medical Center. Methods A multi-phase prospective crossover trial was performed with the blood diversion device initially in use at one ED (Memorial) and standard equipment at the other ED (University) for 10 weeks. After a washout phase, a second 10-week study phase used the blood diversion device in the other ED (University) and standard equipment at the first ED (Memorial). Contaminants were identified by the clinical microbiology lab using standard criteria, and further defined by independent retrospective review by 3 infectious disease physicians prior to statistical analysis. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, and Chi-square tests were used to compare contaminant rates among samples obtained using the blood diversion device versus standard equipment. Results 5,675 blood samples were obtained with 5,661 samples analyzed after 14 were deemed inconclusive by the ID physician review. There were 1,719 samples obtained at Memorial ED and 3,942 at University ED, with 2,836 samples collected during diversion device periods and 2,825 during standard equipment periods. Based on the ID physician review, the contaminant rates were 1.9% in diversion device periods versus 2.9% in standard equipment periods (P = 0.018). There was a marked difference in blood culture contamination rates between the two EDs with contaminant rates at the Memorial ED of 1.1% and 1.4% (P=0.57), and at the University ED of 2.3% and 3.5% (P=0.024) for the diversion device and standard equipment periods, respectively. Conclusion The blood diversion device was able to significantly lower blood culture contamination rates overall by 1% at the institution’s two EDs (34% relative reduction), with a stronger effect noted at the campus with both a level 1 trauma center and transplant programs. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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MacDonald, Steven J., Robert B. Bourne, Cecil H. Rorabeck, Richard W. McCalden, John Kramer, and Margaret Vaz. "Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Continuous Passive Motion After Total Knee Arthroplasty." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 380 (November 2000): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200011000-00005.

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Batstone, Martin Druce, Derek Lowe, Richard J. Shaw, James S. Brown, E. David Vaughan, and Simon N. Rogers. "Passive versus active drainage following neck dissection: a non-randomised prospective study." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 266, no. 1 (June 12, 2008): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-008-0723-8.

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De, S., J. E. Fenton, A. S. Jones, and R. W. Clarke. "Passive smoking, allergic rhinitis and nasal obstruction in children." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, no. 12 (December 2005): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221505775010896.

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Allergic rhinitis is a common cause of nasal obstruction in childhood. This prospective study looked at the effect of passive smoking on nasal obstruction in children with and without allergic rhinitis. Eighty-one children took part. Each child was asked to score his or her degree of nasal obstruction on a visual analogue scale. Exposure to passive smoking was determined subjectively using a parental questionnaire, and objectively by measuring the urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio. Results were tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analysed with SPSS statistical software. Nasal obstruction was significantly worse in children with a positive history of allergic rhinitis (p < 0.05). There was also a trend towards a higher nasal obstruction score in children without allergic rhinitis exposed to passive smoking compared to those who were not so exposed. As would be expected, nasal obstruction is worse in children with allergic rhinitis than in those without. Passive smoking tends to increase the symptom of nasal obstruction in children without allergic rhinitis.

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Karabaş, Çağlar, Havva Talay Çalış, Ulaş Serkan Topaloğlu, and Çiğdem Karakükçü. "Effects of platelet-rich plasma injection on pain, range of motion, and disability in adhesive capsulitis: A prospective, randomized-controlled study." Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2021.6690.

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Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in adhesive capsulitis. Patients and methods: Between January 2019 and December 2019, a total of 40 patients (21 males, 19 females; mean age: 57.1±6.5 years; range, 44 to 72 years) with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis were included. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups as the PRP and the control group. The PRP group received two doses of PRP via intra-articular route biweekly under ultrasound guidance. No injection was performed to the control group. In both groups, stretching and Codman exercises were applied as a home- based program. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores were evaluated before the treatment and at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after the treatment. Results: There were significant differences in all VAS, SPADI, and ROM scores at all time points after treatment compared to baseline in both groups. At the end of the study, there were significant differences in the active flexion, passive flexion, active abduction, passive abduction, and active external rotation scores at 12 weeks between the groups (p=0.012, p=0.015, p=0.008, p=0.019, and p=0.040, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of VAS and SPADI scores and the other parameters (active and passive extension, active and passive internal rotation, passive external rotation) at 2, 6, and 12 weeks (p>0.05). Conclusion: The addition of PRP to exercise treatment can improve patients' joint mobility, but not pain and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

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SANZ, J., A. LIZAUR, and F. SÁNCHEZ DEL CAMPO. "Postoperative Changes of Carpal Canal Pressure in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Study with Follow-Up of 1 Year." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 6 (December 2005): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.06.010.

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Carpal canal pressures were measured in 103 patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, before and after open release, with a postoperative follow-up of 1 year. Twenty-five normal subjects were used as controls. Pressures were measured with the wrists in three positions: neutral, full passive flexion and full passive extension. At each wrist position, the mean pre-operative pressures in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. In both groups, the pressures were maximal with full passive extension and minimal in the neutral wrist position. Immediately after surgical release, there was a marked decrease of the carpal canal pressures. However, during the second postoperative month, there was a significant increase of the pressures at each wrist position, although these were still within the normal control range. This rise in pressures persisted to 12 months. These findings suggest that the carpal ligament reconstitutes by normal scar formation, but with lengthening such that the volume of the carpal canal is enlarged, so preventing a rise in pressure with return of the pre-operative problem.

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Carvalho, Maurício Tatsch Ximenes, Amanda Albiero Real, Maria Eduarda Cabeleira, Emilly Schiling, Isabela Lopes, Jéssica Bianchin, Antônio Marcos Vargas da Silva, Raquel Annoni, and Isabella Martins de Albuquerque. "Acute effect of passive cycling exercise on serum levels of interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0141.

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Background/aims A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that early mobilisation is beneficial for patients in the intensive care unit. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the acute effect of an early passive cycling exercise session on serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 levels in critically ill patients. Methods A total of 11 haemodynamically stable and deeply sedated (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale-4) adult patients within the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation received a single 20-minute session of passive cycle ergometer. Serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 levels were measured at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 60 minutes after the intervention. Findings Interleukin-8 levels decreased significantly 60 minutes after the passive cycle ergometer session compared to baseline (P=0.001). The serum levels of interleukin-10 increased immediately after the end of the 20 minutes and at 60 minutes after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusions A single 20-minute session of passive cycle ergometer seems to have a positive effect on the inflammatory response in critically ill patients.

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LASTAYO, PAUL C., THOMAS WRIGHT, RACHEL JAFFE, and JONATHAN HARTZEL. "Continuous Passive Motion after Repair of the Rotator Cuff. A Prospective Outcome Study*." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 80, no. 7 (July 1998): 1002–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199807000-00009.

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Kozlowska, Joanna, and Marcin Leonowicz. "Processing and Properties of Magnetorheological Fluids for Prospective Application in a Passive Armour." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 8 (August 2013): 4721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2254473.

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Sun, Kan, Dan Liu, Chuan Wang, Men Ren, Chuan Yang, and Li Yan. "Passive smoke exposure and risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies." Endocrine 47, no. 2 (February 16, 2014): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0194-1.

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Cunningham, Daniel, Brian Lewis, Carolyn Hutyra, Richard Mather, and Steven Olson. "Continuous Passive Motion after Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Prospective, Comparative Trial." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 33, no. 6 (June 2017): e17-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.04.062.

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Engler, R. J. M., L. C. Collins, B. T. Gibbs, B. A. Hemann, D. G. Gates, D. C. Cassimatis, J. E. Atwood, M. R. Nelson, C. E. Spooner, and C. B. Wilson. "Myocarditis after Smallpox/Vaccinia Immunization: Passive Vaccine Safety Surveillance Compared to Prospective Studies." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 123, no. 2 (February 2009): S264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1022.

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Pirie, Kirstin, Valerie Beral, Richard Peto, Andrew Roddam, Gillian Reeves, and Jane Green. "Passive smoking and breast cancer in never smokers: prospective study and meta-analysis." International Journal of Epidemiology 37, no. 5 (June 10, 2008): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn110.

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Kurahashi, Norie, Manami Inoue, Ying Liu, Motoki Iwasaki, Shizuka Sasazuki, Tomotaka Sobue, and Shoichiro Tsugane. "Passive smoking and lung cancer in Japanese non-smoking women: A prospective study." International Journal of Cancer 122, no. 3 (2007): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23116.

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Hallgren, Mats, Davy Vancampfort, Neville Owen, Susan Rossell, David W. Dunstan, Rino Bellocco, and Ylva Trolle Lagerros. "Prospective relationships of mentally passive sedentary behaviors with depression: Mediation by sleep problems." Journal of Affective Disorders 265 (March 2020): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.088.

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