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Nuamsrinuan, Nisakorn, Patcharin Naemchanthara, Pichet Limsuwan, and Kittisakchai Naemchanthara. "Fabrication and Characterization of Particle Board from Coffee Husk Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research was to fabricate the particle board from the coffee husk. The coffee husk from Chumphon province of Thailand was collected, prepared and separated into four groups such as outer husk, inner husk, the mixture of inner and outer husk and husk from the milling process. The coffee husk particle sheet was formed by the compression molding with the heater. Then the coffee husk particle sheets were the mechanical properties testing. The results showed the coffee husk particle sheet from milling process pass the Thai industrial standard (TIS.876/2547). However, the results of swelling and water absorption indicated that all the coffee husk sheet were not passed the TIS.876/2547. The effect of coffee husk particle size on mechanical properties was clarified. The coffee husk particle sheet from the particle size of 2, 4 and 6 mm was mechanical testing and follow TIS.876/2547. The coffee particle size of 2 mm showed the passing the standard. Moreover, the effect of isocyanate adhesive on mechanical properties was investigated. The weight percentage range of isocyanate adhesive on coffee husk from 7 to 13 %wt was carried out. The weight percentage of 9, 11 and 13 showed according to TIS.876/2547. From the experiment indicated that the coffee husk could be applied to the wood particle board industrial.
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Meldayanoor, Meldayanoor, Arifin Arifin, and Rusuminto Syahyuniar. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Polyprophylene (PP) dan Sekam Padi Menjadi Papan Partikel." Jurnal Teknologi Agro-Industri 4, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/jtai.v4i2.55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT
The need for board materials continues to increase, therefore the need for new innovations in the form of utilization of plastic waste and rice husks are used as raw material for making particle board where the waste plastic as adhesive and rice husk as filler. The purpose of this research is to know the physical properties such as density, moisture content, and water absorption in order to determine the exact formulation on the particle board that meets the quality standard. SNI 03-2015-2016 quality standard is used as a reference comparison of the results of testing stages of research starting from the processing of raw materials plastick and chaff into sebuk, mixing, and formation of particle board until the testing phase. Elements of particle board formation are rice husks and polyprophylene plastics as adhesives made with Plastic compositions: 40%: 60% 50%: 50% and 40%: 40%: husks. In testing the physical properties of the results showed that the right composition is 60%: 40% because it has results with a particle density of 0.83 g /cm3, a water content of 4.87%, and a water absorption of 10.67%. It is the best result of some predefined compositions and meets the quality standard of SNI 03-2015-2016
Keywords: From The board particles, polyprophylene plastic, chaff rice
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Azhari, T. I. Nasution, and Rossy Nurhasanah. "Performance testing of the thermal conductivity measuring equipment on particle board isolators." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We investigated the value of thermal conductivity of particle board using a tool designed with the principle of converting electrical energy into heat energy by varying temperatures. This study aims to determine the value of thermal conductivity of oil certain particle board and to what extent it can function as a thermal insulation material and to determine the performance of the thermal conductivity test equipment. The size of this tool is 10 mm of thickness, 65 mm of width, 140 mm of length and 40 mm of height, which is equipped with the function of measuring the conductivity value of the material. The average error value of the temperature sensor compared to the standard thermocouple is 0.8%. By entering the value of the area and thickness of the sample, the average conductivity value of the composite material is 0,028 W/m°C. The low material conductivity value will be used as a building construction material. The data show that the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of this tool are very good for testing the conductivity of a material.
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Mirza, Hendra, Muhammad Faisal Mahdie, and Gusti Ahmad Rahmat Thamrin. "SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU SENGON LAUT (Paraserianthes falcataria) MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT PVAC." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3, no. 5 (November 29, 2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v3i5.2536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the particle board of sengon wood powder (Paraserianthes falcataria) using PVAC adhesives and to analyze the suitability of wood as raw material for particle board. The method used is physical properties testing in the form of testing water content and density as well as testing mechanical properties in the form of flexural strength (MoE) and fracture firmness (MoR). The physical properties of the particle board with the addition of different adhesives between 1.0.54-1.0.63 grams each treatment did not significantly affect the value of water content. Overall average water content reaches less than 14% that has met SNI, each treatment has no significant effect on the density value, the density value meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) with SNI requirements for particle board density of 0.4-0.9 gr / cm3 (low density), the average modulus of elasticity (MoE) produced had a very significant effect and fulfilled the SNI for particle board min 20400 kgf / cm2 in A2 treatment, but did not meet the standards in A1 and A3 treatments, the average value of fracture constancy (MoR) for each treatment has a very significant effect and according to the standards set SNI min 82 kgf / cm2 already meets the standard in A2 treatment with a ratio between powder and adhesive 1: 0.58 while it does not meet the standard in treatment A1 , and A3. The suitability of Sengon wood powder (Paraserianthes falcataria) to the physical and mechanical properties of the particle board in the form of water content, density, flexural strength (MoE) and fracture firmness (MoR) for each given treatment is appropriate because most have met the Standard Indonesian National (SNI).Keywords: Particle Board, Physical Properties, Mechanical Properties
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Xin, Shu Ying, Yong Cui, Min Xu, and Jian Li. "Technological Properties of Poplar Particle/Waste Rubber Powder Composites." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hot-pressing technology for the poplar particle /waste rubber powder composites was studied using the poplar particle and waste rubber powder as raw materials. Effects of waste rubber powder content, hot-pressing time, hot-pressing temperature, resin content and board density were analyzed. The hot-pressing technology was better than molding technology. The optimal technological parameters of hot-pressing technology were obtained as board density0.8g/cm³, resin content3%, hot-pressing temperature160°C, hot-pressing time 7min , waste rubber powder content 30%. The testing results showed that the mechanical performances of the poplar particle /waste rubber powder composites made by the hot-pressing technology could achieve the Chinese National Standard for particle board.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, Andrzej SZCZOTKA, Piotr PAJDOWSKI, and Joseph WOODBURN. "Development of vehicle exhaust emission testing methods – BOSMAL’s new emission testing laboratory." Combustion Engines 144, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. BOSMAL has risen to meet these challenges by investing in a new, state-of-the-art emissions testing laboratory, housed within a climate chamber. This paper presents BOSMAL’s new M1/N1 vehicular emissions and fuel consumption laboratory in a climatic chamber for the testing of vehicles in accordance with the Euro 5 & 6 and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) & California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards. The specifications, capabilities and design features of the sampling and analysis and climate simulation systems are presented and discussed in relation to the increasing drive for cleaner light duty road vehicles. A recently-installed particle number counting system is described in the context of European Union legislation on the emission of particle matter from CI and SI vehicles. The laboratory permits BOSMAL’s engineers to compete in the international automotive arena in the development and construction of new, more ecologically friendly and increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.
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Nurdin, Hendri, Yolli Fernanda, and Meisuri Handayani. "Analysis of Tensile Strength the Fiber Bagasse Particles Board with Resin Adhesives." Teknomekanik 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tm.v1i1.172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development of the material be in the form of Particles it is possible to do so it can be an alternative to wood. Particle board is an engineered material that utilizes waste bagasse after sugar cane extraction process as an amplifier and as an adhesive used resin. Particle boards that have been produced, generally using wood powder, while the use of wood has been limited and diminished due to difficulty getting it. So the need for development in engineering the main material particle board in the form of wood powder and replace it with waste bagasse. The particle board manufacturing process is carried out by forging (compacting) between the mixture of sugarcane pulp particles and the BQTN 157 Resin adhesive. Percentage of mixed usage 50: 50 based on the fraction of weight and volume. In obtaining the mechanical properties carried out by tensile testing. From this research, the average particle pull strength is 1.81 MPa, strain 13,52% and elasticity 0,013 GPa. In obtaining particle board as an engineering material that has good ability influenced many things such as particle (mesh) raw material, adhesive use, mixed composition, the process of forging. From the characteristics of the test results obtained so that the particle board of the bagasse with resin adhesive is very possible to replace the type of particle board made from raw wood powder.
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Rayment, GE. "Soil analysis: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 8 (1993): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9931015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews most aspects of soil analysis, with particular emphasis on soil chemical testing in Australia. Water quality, sample contamination, and the effects of soil drying, soil storage, and particle size are recognised as important components in the laboratory preparation of soil samples for analysis. The subsequent effects of choice of soil to solution ratio, leaching v. equilibration, soil shaking equipment, and the choice of extracting and digesting solutions are reviewed with examples.The review includes an overview of key chemical soil tests including pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, phosphate, sulfur, exchangeable cations, and cation exchange capacity. There is an examination of field v. laboratory tests and comment on analytical quality assurance. The recent release of the Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods and the emerging activities of the Australian Soil and Plant Analysis Council should ensure the direction of soil testing in Australia remains positive.
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Vanerek, Jan, Dagmar Palovcikova, and Ester Helanová. "Durability Evaluation of Wood Based Board Materials against Brown-Rot Fungi Effect." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the experiment was to determine the durability of wood based board materials against wood-rot fungi (Serpula lacrymans) effect. The particle boards, oriented strands boards and plywood as the testing materials were chosen. The spruce solid wood as the reference testing material was selected due to the fact that is most common timber species in the Central European region. The testing samples were exposed to wood-rot fungi and in the individual time periods the weight loss (declaring the deterioration process) and mechanical properties (static bending strength and tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board) was investigated. It was found that the deterioration of board materials in a very small weight decreases (up to 1.0%) leads to a significant decrease of their strength properties.
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Stearnes, Grace, Cassandra B. Nichols, Lyn Schofield, Sarah O'Sullivan, Nicholas Pachter, and Paul A. Cohen. "Uptake of testing for germline BRCA mutations in patients with non-mucinous epithelial ovarian cancers in Western Australia: a comparison of different genetic counseling methods." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 29, no. 6 (May 17, 2019): 1038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-000389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionPatients with non-mucinous epithelial tubo-ovarian cancers should be referred for genetic testing because approximately 15% will carry an inherited mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 cancer susceptibility genes. However, referral rates for genetic testing remain low. For patients who carry a BRCA mutation, failure to refer for genetic testing results in missed opportunities for therapy and prevention of future cancers in the patient and at-risk relatives. In Western Australia between July 2013 and June 2015, 40.6% of patients with non-mucinous epithelial tubo-ovarian cancers discussed at a statewide gynecologic oncology tumor board were referred for genetic testing. Our objective was to investigate the proportion of patients with non-mucinous epithelial tubo-ovarian cancers in Western Australia referred for BRCA1/2 testing from July 2015 to December 2017, following the introduction of mainstreaming and tele-counseling. A secondary aim was to compare the uptake of genetic testing between different genetic counseling modalities.MethodsRetrospective case series. All patients with high-grade non-mucinous epithelial tubo-ovarian cancers discussed at the weekly Western Australian gynecologic oncology tumor board meeting, between July 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017, and those referred for BRCA mutation testing, were ascertained.ResultsA total of 343 women were eligible for referral; 63 patients were excluded, leaving 280 patients for analysis. 220/280 patients were referred for genetic testing (78.6%). There were no differences in uptake of genetic testing by mode of genetic counseling.DiscussionA significant increase in referrals of eligible patients for genetic testing was observed in 2015–2017 compared with 2013–2014. Although there were no differences in uptake of genetic testing by mode of counseling, mainstreaming and tele-counseling provide alternative options for patients that may lead to higher uptake of genetic testing.
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Orelma, Hannes, Atsushi Tanaka, Maija Vuoriluoto, Alexey Khakalo, and Antti Korpela. "Manufacture of all-wood sawdust-based particle board using ionic liquid-facilitated fusion process." Wood Science and Technology 55, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01265-x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTraditional particle board can generate harmful indoor air emissions due to the volatile resin-based compounds present. This study investigated the preparation of sawdust particle board using the novel ionic liquid based fusion approach with [EMIM]OAc. The dissolution parameters were investigated using the thermal optical microscopy technique. The particle board sheets were prepared by hot pressing sawdust in the presence of ionic liquid (IL) ([EMIM]OAc) and subsequently purifying the fusion sawdust matrix from the IL with methanol. The fusion process of the sawdust particles was analysed with SEM and mechanical testing. The raw materials and the produced materials were investigated with elemental analysis, FTIR, and 13C-SS-NMR. IL fusion of the sawdust required a temperature above 150 °C, similar to the glass transition temperature (tg) of lignin. At lower temperatures, strong particle fusion was not obtained. It was observed that the sawdust/IL weight ratio was an important parameter of the fusion process, and a 1:3 weight ratio resulted in the strongest particle boards with a tensile strength of up to 10 MPa, similar to commercial particle boards. The particle fusion process was also studied with a twin-screw extruder. The extrusion enhanced the fusion of the sawdust particles by increasing dissolution of the sawdust particles, which was subsequently seen in elevated tensile strength (20 MPa). The study provides a practical view of how sawdust-based particle board can be manufactured using ionic liquid-based fusion.
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Fathanah, Umi, and Sofyana Sofyana. "Pembuatan Papan Partikel (Particle Board) dari Tandan Kosong Sawit dengan Perekat Kulit Akasia dan Gambir." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v9i3.783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The need of wood as one of raw materials in furniture industry keeps increasing. One of efforts to reduce wood consumption is to develop research by creating composite design from material that contains sellulose to be particle board. Particle board is one of material alternatives that can be wood substitute. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of natural-adhesive-mixture composition (acacia bark and gambier) with oil-palm-empty bunch toward mechanical property of particle board. Characterization of particle board was carried out by undertaking mechanical property testing (tensile strength and compressive strength) under wet and dry conditions. Composition variations of adhesive and oil-palm-empty bunch were 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40; 70:30. Making process of particle board is carried out by mixing oil-palm-empty bunch and adhesive with addition of 2% para-formaldehyde and water as much of 10%. Furthermore, the mixture is compressed by using Hot Press at temperature of 150oC and pressure of 10 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes. The research result indicates that the higher the adhesive composition (either adhesives of acacia bark or gambier), particle board resulted is better. In dry condition, values of the tensile strength of particle boards that have acacia bark adhesive and gambier adhesive have range of 84.2 - 104 Kgf/cm2 and 83.4 - 81.5 kg/cm2, respectively. Whereas, values of compressive strength of particle boards that have adhesives of acacia bark and gambier are in the range of 6.8 - 10.5 kg/cm2 and 6.3 - 9.3 kg/cm2, respectively. The values of tensile strength and compressive strength are obtained on compositions of adhesive: oil-palm-empty bunch ≥ 40:60, and they have fulfilled satandard of SNI 03-2105-1996. The values of tensile strength and compressive strength of particle board in wet condition, either adhesives of acacia bark or gambier, have not fulfilled standard of SNI 03-2105-1996.Keywords: empty-bunch-oil palm, acacia bark, gambier, particle board, tensile strength
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Amali, Nur Wafa Amalina, Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus, and Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman. "Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density." Science Proceedings Series 3, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v3i1.1941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener. Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.
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Whiting, Rosalind H., and Georgia Y. Birch. "Corporate governance and intellectual capital disclosure." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 2 (2016): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i2c1p6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines whether facets of corporate governance (board size, proportion of independent directors on the board, board committees, and Big 4 auditor) promote the voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in annual reports in Australia and New Zealand and whether this is country dependent. Data was collected from OSIRIS and annual reports with disclosure detected through a rigorous electronic word search approach. Statistical testing with OLS regression followed. The presence of nomination committees and a majority of independent directors on the board were found to be significant positive predictors of intellectual capital disclosure in both countries, and larger board sizes in Australian companies enhanced intellectual capital disclosure. These results concur with resource dependency and stakeholder theoretical arguments.
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Supriyanto, Agus, Noor Mirad Sari, and Rosidah R. Radam. "PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium) DAN KAYU SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens) MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT RESIN POLYESTER." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3, no. 5 (November 29, 2020): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v3i5.2529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of particle board from acacia sawdust and sawn wood sawdust. The results of water content ranged from 6.85 to 9.22%, density ranged from 0.39 to 0.47 g / cm3, thickness development ranged from 2.21 to 7.04%, flexural strength (modulus of elasticity or MOE ) ranges between 1000.33 - 16127.48 kgf / cm² and the strength of the fracture (modulus of Rupture or MOR) ranges from 1.10 - 1.73 kgf / cm². MOE and MOR values and densities in treatment C that do not meet SNI 03-2105-2006 while in testing other treatments have meet SNI 03-2105-2006. The composition of raw materials has a very significant effect on the treatment of water content, density, thickness development and MOE. Physical and mechanical properties had no significant effect on the treatment of MOR values. The physical properties of particle board on average meet ISN 03-2105-2006. There are no mechanical properties that meet SNI 03-2105-2006.Keywords: Particle board; waste; polyester resin
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Zhang, Lei, Naj Aziz, Ting Ren, Jan Nemcik, and Shihao Tu. "Influence of Coal Particle Size on Coal Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics." Archives of Mining Sciences 59, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0056.
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Abstract Accurate testing coal isotherm can play a significant role in the areas of coal seam gas drainage, outburst control, CO2 geo-sequestration, coalbed methane (CBM) and enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) etc. The effect of particle size on the CO2 and CH4 sorption capacity of bituminous coal from Illawarra, Australia was investigated at 35°C and at pressure up to 4 MPa. A unique indirect gravimetric apparatus was used to measure the gas adsorption and desorption isotherms of coal of different particle sizes ranging from around 150 urn to 16 mm. Langmuir model was used to analysis the experimental results of all gases. Coal particle size was found to have an apparent effect on the coal ash content and helium density results. Coal with larger particle size had higher ash content and higher helium density. The sorption isotherm was found to be highly sensitive with helium density of coal which was determined in the procedure of testing the void volume of sample cell. Hence, coal particle size had a significant influence on the coal sorption characteristics including sorption capacity and desorption hysteresis for CO2 and CH4, especially calculated with dry basis of coal. In this study, the 150-212 um (150 um) coal samples achieved higher sorption capacity and followed by 2.36-3.35 mm (2.4 mm), 8-9.5 mm (8 mm) and 16-19 mm (16 mm) particle size samples. However, the differences between different coal particles were getting smaller when the sorption isotherms are calculated with dry ash free basis. Test with 150 um coal samples were also found to have relatively smaller desorption hysteresis compared with the other larger particle size samples. The different results including adsorption/desorption isotherm, Langmuir parameters and coal hysteresis were all analysed with the CO2 and CH4 gases.
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Martijanti, Martijanti, Sutarno Sutarno, and Ariadne L. Juwono. "Polymer Composite Fabrication Reinforced with Bamboo Fiber for Particle Board Product Raw Material Application." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bamboo particles as reinforcement in composite materials are prospective to be applied to particleboard products in the industry. This study aimed to synthesize bamboo particle reinforced polymer composites as a substitute for particleboard products, which still use wood as a raw material. The parameters of the composite synthesis process were varied with powder sizes of 50, 100, and 250 mesh, each mesh with volume fractions of 10, 20, and 30%, matrix types of polyester and polypropylene, Tali Bamboo, and Haur Hejo Bamboo as reinforcements. Characterization included tensile strength, flexural strength, and morphology. Particleboard products were tested based on JIS A 5908-2003, including density testing, moisture content, thickness expansion after immersion in water, flexural strength in dry and wet conditions, bending Young’s modulus, and wood screw holding power. The results showed that the maximum flexural and tensile strength values of 91.03 MPa and 30.85 MPa, respectively, were found in polymer composites reinforced with Tali bamboo with the particle size of 250 mesh and volume fraction 30%. Particleboard made of polypropylene and polyester reinforced Tali Bamboo with a particle size of 250 mesh and a volume fraction of 30% composites meets the JIS A 5908-2003 standard.
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Saddikin, M., Hendri Nurdin, and Primawati Primawati. "Analysis Physical and Mechanical Of Particle Boards Raw Materials Nipah Fruit Fiber." Teknomekanik 2, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tm.v2i1.2672.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The raw materials of the timber industry, especially furniture, are increasingly difficult to obtain in the quantity and quality needed. The development efforts carried out were utilizing Nipah coir waste as a raw material for making particle boards. Particle boards are panel boards made of wood particles or materials containing lignocellulose. Nipah plants contain 27.3% lignin and 36.5% cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard production. This study aims to reveal the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Nipah fruit fibre with adhesive using tapioca flour. The making of particle board is done with a ratio of 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, by giving a pressure of 100 kg / cm2. Particle testing is carried out according to the JIS A 5908 standard (2003). From this study, the optimum results were obtained in variations of 60%:40%. The particle physical properties which have an average density value of 1.15 gr / cm3 and an average moisture content of 5.8%. While the mechanical properties obtained by the value of Modulus of Elasticity an average of 21,188.93 kg / cm2. This shows the particle board variations of 60%: 40% produced to meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Based on the analysis of the quality variations 60%: 40% of particle boards can be recommended as raw materials for interior furniture.
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Parra, Pablo, Antonio da Silva, Óscar R. Polo, and Sebastián Sánchez. "Agile deployment and code coverage testing metrics of the boot software on-board Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector." Acta Astronautica 143 (February 2018): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.11.037.
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Journal, Administrator. "SIFAT FISIKA DAN MEKANIKA PAPAN SEMEN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH KAYU ALAU (Dacrydium spp.) DENGAN BERBAGAI RASIO BAHAN BAKU DAN TINGKAT SUBSTITUSI GYPSUM (Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particle Cement of Dacrydium sp. Wood Waste With Different Raw Mate." HUTAN TROPIKA 13, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v13i2.299.
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ABSTRACTUsing round wood as a raw material of the product the less available day. Various efforts aremade to utilize wood as a raw material of a product, such as using waste from wood processingindustry. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alau (Dacrydium spp.) woodparticle cement board and to know the effect of cement substitution with gypsum on the physicaland mechanical properties of alau particle board (Dacrydium spp.). Research design usedFactorial Random Design (RAL) factorial, with 2 factors pattern, namely factor A (cement ratio:particle) consist of 3 levels i.e. a1 (75% cement + 25% particle); a2 (80% cement + 20%particle); a3 (85% cement + 15% particle), factor B (gypsum substitution rate) consists of 2levels i.e. b1 (5%); b2 (10%). The research results indicate that the physical properties of density(with an average value of 1.47 g / cm3) and moisture content (?16%), and thickness development(17.47%) all meet the standards, whereas water absorption does not have value on JIS standard5414-1992. The result of testing of the mechanical properties of bending conformity (MoE)meets the standard, and the fracture conformity (MoR) that meets the test standard is 10%gypsum substitution (b2), while internal sticking (IB) there is no requirement of value in standardJIS A 5414-1992. Comparison of the ratio of raw materials and substitution of gypsumsignificantly influence the physical and mechanical properties of cement.Keywords: Particle cement board, physical characteristics and mechanics
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Nurhaida, Nurhaida, Nova Fatma Wati, and Dina Setyawati. "SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERAT KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon spp) BERDASARKAN RASIO ASAM SITRAT-SUKROSA." JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI 10, no. 1 (June 19, 2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jhl.v10i1.53140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This particle board is made of sago stem bark fibers, which are processing wastes using sucrose citric acid without formaldehyde emission. The purpose of the study was to test the physical and mechanical properties of sago stem bark fiber particleboard based on citric acid and sucrose ratios to obtain optimal particle board physical and mechanical properties. Particle boards are made using sago stem bark fibers with a length of 10 cm and use citric-sucrose acid ratio (0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0), particle boards are made with a size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 0.8 gr/cm3. The particle board is pumped hot at 160ºC for 20 minutes with a pressure of 25 kg/cm². Particle board testing refers to the JIS A 5908-2003 type 8 standard. The results showed that the optimal particle board made with citric acid:sucrose ratio (25:75) with a moisture content of 7.98%, thickness swelling 48.87%, water absorption 105.78%, MOE 20,011.34 kg/cm², MOR 214.41 kg/cm², internal bonding strength 1.33 kg/cm² and firmness of screw grip 74.1982 kgKeywords: citric acid, sucrose, particle board, sago stem bark fibers, mechanical physiqueAbstrakPapan partikel ini terbuat dari serat kulit batang sagu yang merupakan limbah hasil pengolahan sagu dengan menggunakan perekat asam sitrat sukrosa tanpa emisi formaldehida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel serat kulit batang sagu berdasarkan rasio asam sitrat dan sukrosa dan untuk mendapatkan sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel yang optimal. Papan partikel dibuat menggunakan serat kulit batang sagu dengan panjang 10 cm dan menggunakan rasio asam sitrat-sukrosa (0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0), papan partikel dibuat dengan ukuran 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm dengan target kerapatan 0,8 gr/cm3. Papan partikel dikempa panas pada suhu 160 oC selama 20 menit dengan tekanan 25 kg/cm2. Pengujian papan partikel mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa papan partikel optimal yang dibuat dengan rasio asam sitrat: sukrosa (25:75) dengan kadar air 7,98%, pengembangan tebal 48,87%, daya serap air 105,78%, MOE 20.011,34 kg/cm², MOR 214,41 kg/cm², internal bonding 1,33 kg/cm² dan kuat pegang sekrup 74,1982 kg Kata kunci: asam sitrat, sukrosa, papan partikel, serat kulit batang sagu, fisik mekanik
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Jung, Ui-In, and Bong-Joo Kim. "Characteristics of Mortar Containing Oyster Shell as Fine Aggregate." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 7301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, oyster shells were processed and classified into sizes equal to or smaller than the fine aggregate threshold, and their engineering properties and fire-resistant performance were examined. The differences in heating weight loss of oyster shell aggregate (OSAs) with different particle sizes were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results showed indicating that the temperature at which decarboxylation reaction started depended on the OSA particle size. The porosity of mortar specimens was analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The porosity area and porosity of the OSA-containing mortar increased with decreasing particle size. Mortar fire-resistant boards with heated for 2 h in accordance with the heating conditions of KS F 2257-1(methods of fire-resistant testing for structural element—general requirements) to measure their back-side temperature. The board made with OSA2.5 exhibited 273.2 °C, which is more than 90 °C higher than the back-side temperature of the board with OSA 0.6Under. Such difference was attributed to the greater heat transfer delay caused by higher porosity, porosity area, and specific surface area in OSAs with small particle sizes. The TGA results combined with the heating test results suggested that CO2 would be generated at different temperatures in boards containing OSAs with different particle sizes because of the differences in the endothermic reaction temperature.
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Borrmann, S., D. Kunkel, R. Weigel, A. Minikin, T. Deshler, J. C. Wilson, J. Curtius, et al. "Aerosols in the tropical and subtropical UT/LS: in-situ measurements of submicron particle abundance and volatility." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 12 (June 23, 2010): 5573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5573-2010.
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Abstract. Processes occurring in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), the Tropical Transition Layer (TTL), and the lower stratosphere (LS) are of importance for the global climate, for stratospheric dynamics and air chemistry, and for their influence on the global distribution of water vapour, trace gases and aerosols. In this contribution we present aerosol and trace gas (in-situ) measurements from the tropical UT/LS over Southern Brazil, Northern Australia, and West Africa. The instruments were operated on board of the Russian high altitude research aircraft M-55 "Geophysica" and the DLR Falcon-20 during the campaigns TROCCINOX (Araçatuba, Brazil, February 2005), SCOUT-O3 (Darwin, Australia, December 2005), and SCOUT-AMMA (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, August 2006). The data cover submicron particle number densities and volatility from the COndensation PArticle counting System (COPAS), as well as relevant trace gases like N2O, ozone, and CO. We use these trace gas measurements to place the aerosol data into a broader atmospheric context. Also a juxtaposition of the submicron particle data with previous measurements over Costa Rica and other tropical locations between 1999 and 2007 (NASA DC-8 and NASA WB-57F) is provided. The submicron particle number densities, as a function of altitude, were found to be remarkably constant in the tropical UT/LS altitude band for the two decades after 1987. Thus, a parameterisation suitable for models can be extracted from these measurements. Compared to the average levels in the period between 1987 and 2007 a slight increase of particle abundances was found for 2005/2006 at altitudes with potential temperatures, Θ, above 430 K. The origins of this increase are unknown except for increases measured during SCOUT-AMMA. Here the eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano in the Caribbean caused elevated particle mixing ratios. The vertical profiles from Northern hemispheric mid-latitudes between 1999 and 2006 also are compact enough to derive a parameterisation. The tropical profiles all show a broad maximum of particle mixing ratios (between Θ≈340 K and 390 K) which extends from below the TTL to above the thermal tropopause. Thus these particles are a "reservoir" for vertical transport into the stratosphere. The ratio of non-volatile particle number density to total particle number density was also measured by COPAS. The vertical profiles of this ratio have a maximum of 50% above 370 K over Australia and West Africa and a pronounced minimum directly below. Without detailed chemical composition measurements a reason for the increase of non-volatile particle fractions cannot yet be given. However, half of the particles from the tropical "reservoir" contain compounds other than sulphuric acid and water. Correlations of the measured aerosol mixing ratios with N2O and ozone exhibit compact relationships for the tropical data from SCOUT-AMMA, TROCCINOX, and SCOUT-O3. Correlations with CO are more scattered probably because of the connection to different pollution source regions. We provide additional data from the long distance transfer flights to the campaign sites in Brazil, Australia, and West-Africa. These were executed during a time window of 17 months within a period of relative volcanic quiescence. Thus the data represent a "snapshot picture" documenting the status of a significant part of the global UT/LS fine aerosol at low concentration levels 15 years after the last major (i.e., the 1991 Mount Pinatubo) eruption. The corresponding latitudinal distributions of the measured particle number densities are presented in this paper to provide data of the UT/LS background aerosol for modelling purposes.
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Purwanto, Djoko. "SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SERBUK KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT UREA FORMALDEHIDA (The Properties of Particle Board from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber Sawdust with Urea Formaldehyde Resin)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v8i1.2062.
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A palm oil mill with a capacity of hundred thousand tons of fresh fruit bunches per year will produce palm fiber waste about 12,000 tons. Recently, the use of palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is as fuel for electricity generation in the industry. Palm fiber waste contains lignocellulose materials as a feedstock to particle board manufacture. The aim of this research is to evaluate the properties of particle board from a mixture of OPEFB fiber and sawdust. The ratio of OPEFB fiber and sawdust are 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75% and 0% : 100%, plus urea formaldehyde adhesive in a concentration of 11%. The boards were pressed using a clamp pressure of 16 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 110 – 120 0C. The testing methods and standards of physical properties (moisture contents, thickness swelling, density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR, screw withdrawal and internal bond strengths) refers to the SNI. 03 – 2105 - 2006. The results showed that the particle board made from 100% OPEFB fiber produces modulus of elasticity/MOE 1594.88 kg/cm2; modulus of rupture/MOR 18.08 kg/cm2; screw withdrawal 31.34 kg/cm2 and internal bond strength 0.86 kg/cm2. The addition of sawdust for 50% can improve modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR and internal bond strength.
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Sanyal, Doyeli, and Anita Rani. "Proficiency Test for Chemical Laboratories for the Analysis of a Pesticide in a Formulated Product: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.1.271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A multilaboratory proficiency testing program was conducted by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (India) and coordinated by the Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology. This program was conducted to compare the performance of individual laboratories in the area of pesticide formulation (Chlorpyrifos 20 EC) analysis. A total of 24 laboratories in India participated. Analysis of 2 parameters (i.e., estimation of the active ingredient and the acidity) of 2 samples of Chlorpyrifos 20 EC was the objective of this program. Homogeneity tests were performed before sample distribution. Performance of the participating laboratories was evaluated by using new robust statistics given in the guidelines of the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia. Results were collated and statistically computed to calculate the value of 2 types of Z-scores (Zwi and Zbi). In addition to the statistical analysis, a graphical representation such as the Youden plot was also generated to evaluate the performance of participating laboratories.
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Copaescu, Ana-Maria, Fiona James, Sara Vogrin, Morgan Rose, Kyra Chua, Natasha E. Holmes, Nicholas A. Turner, Cosby Stone, Elizabeth Phillips, and Jason Trubiano. "Use of a penicillin allergy clinical decision rule to enable direct oral penicillin provocation: an international multicentre randomised control trial in an adult population (PALACE): study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e063784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063784.
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IntroductionPenicillin allergies are highly prevalent in the healthcare setting and associated with the prescription of second-line inferior antibiotics. More than 85% of all penicillin allergy labels can be removed by skin testing and 96%–99% of low-risk penicillin allergy labels can be removed by direct oral challenge. An internally and externally validated clinical assessment tool for penicillin allergy, PEN-FAST, can identify a low-risk penicillin allergy without the need for skin testing; a score of less than 3 has a negative predictive value of 96.3% (95% CI, 94.1 to 97.8) for the presence of a penicillin allergy. It is hypothesised that PEN-FAST is a safe and effective tool for assessing penicillin allergy in an outpatient clinic setting.Methods and analysisThis is an international, multicentre randomised control trial using the PEN-FAST tool to risk-stratify penicillin allergy labels in adult outpatients. The study’s primary objective is to evaluate the non-inferiority of using PEN-FAST score-guided management with direct oral challenge compared with standard care (defined as prick and intradermal skin testing followed by oral penicillin challenge). Participants will be randomised 1:1 to the intervention arm (direct oral penicillin challenge) or standard of care arm (skin testing followed by oral penicillin challenge, if skin testing is negative). The sample size of 380 randomised patients (190 per treatment arm) is required to demonstrate non-inferiority.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be performed according to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and is approved by the Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/62425/Austin-2020) in Melbourne Australia, Vanderbilt University Institutional Review Board (IRB #202174) in Tennessee, USA, Duke University Institutional Review Board (IRB #Pro00108461) in North Carolina, USA and McGill University Health Centre Research Ethics Board in Canada (PALACE/2022-7605). The results of this study will be published and presented in various scientific forums.Trial registration numberNCT04454229.
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Sari, Hayyul Pelma, and Mora Mora. "Analisis Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Serbuk Kayu Bayur (Pterospermum javanicum) dan Serbuk Kulit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L) Bertulang Anyaman Bambu." Jurnal Fisika Unand 9, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.9.3.368-374.2020.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi serbuk kayu dengan serbuk kulit kakao pada papan partikel bertulang anyaman bambu terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis. Perbandingan komposisi bahan pengisi (serbuk kayu : serbuk kulit kakao) yang digunakan yaitu 70%:0%, 50%:20%, 35%:35%, 20%:50%, 0%:70%, dengan matriks yang konstan yaitu 30%. Ukuran partikel serbuk kayu yang digunakan adalah yang lolos ayakan 50 mesh dan kulit kakao yang lolos ayakan 100 mesh. Parameter yang diukur adalah densitas, kadar air, daya serap air, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), dan Modulus of Rupture (MOR). Hasil pengujian yang didapatkan bahwa variasi komposisi serbuk kayu dan serbuk kulit kakao berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis yang dihasilkan. Densitas (0,87 g/cm3 - 1,03 g/cm3) papan partikel di atas standar SNI 03-2105-2006. Kadar air (2,48% - 2,96%) papan partikel sudah memenuhi standar. Daya serap air (13,43% - 20,50%) papan partikel sudah memenuhi standar. Pengujian sifat mekanis MOR papan partikel pada komposisi 50%:20%, 35%:35% dan 20%:50% (82,40 kg/cm2 - 87,02 kg/cm2) sudah memenuhui standar SNI 03-2105-2006. MOE (2290,42 kg/cm2 - 3857,27 kg/cm2) papan partikel belum memenuhi standar SNI 03-2105-2006. A research to determine the effect of the composition of wood powder with cocoa skin powder on bamboo woven reinforced particleboard on physical and mechanical properties has been conducted. Comparison of filler composition (wood powder: cocoa skin powder) used is 70%:0%, 50%:20%, 35%:35%, 20%:50%, 0%:70%, with a constant matrix of 30%. The particle size of the sawdust used is a 50 mesh sieve pass and a cocoa shell that passes 100 mesh sieve. The parameters measured are density, water content, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The results show that the variation of the composition of wood powder and cocoa skin powder affect the physical and mechanical properties produced. Density (0,87 g/cm3 – 1,03 g/cm3) particle board above SNI standard 03-2105-2006. Water content (2,48% - 2,96%) particle board meets the standard. Water absorption (13,43% - 20,50%) particle board meets the standards. Testing the mechanical properties of particle board MOR at the composition of 50%:20%, 35%:35% and 20%:50% (82,40 kg/cm2 – 87,02 kg/cm2) has fulfilled SNI 03-2105-2006 standards. MOE (2290,42 kg/cm2 – 3857,27 kg/cm2) particle board has not fulfilled SNI 03-2105-2006 standards.
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Michalski, Jacek, Marek Retinger, Piotr Kozierski, and Joanna Zietkiewicz. "Temperature Control Unit—Modeling and Implementation of a Particle Filter on a Microcontroller." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 7631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157631.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper discusses the possibilities of using particle filter estimation algorithms in embedded systems. For this purpose, the dedicated testing platform was built, which allowed for the determination of the estimation quality of a particle filter on a real system, and the microcontroller performance in that scenario. Tests were performed using the obsolete and not very efficient, although energy-saving, STM32F4 Discovery board—it has allowed for an in-depth analysis, and the results can be easily improved by switching to a modern platform. The quality of operations in open- and closed-loop systems was investigated based on the analysis of time simulations conducted for various mathematical models. These analyses made it possible to establish a correlation between the number of particles and the required calculation power. They have shown that it is possible to successfully implement and run a particle filter algorithm on an older and computationally limited device, as well as in real-time scenarios.
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Chiang, Tay Chen, Sinin Hamdan, and Mohd Shahril Osman. "Mechanical Strength of Sago/Urea Formaldehyde Particleboard Affected by the Particle Size." Applied Mechanics and Materials 833 (April 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.833.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every year, the sago processing industry in Sarawak-Mukah had generated huge amount of sago waste after the milling process and scientists have employ the waste into composite material. The fabrication and testing method are based on the Japanese A5908 Industrial Standard. Single-layer particleboards with targeted density of 600kg/m3 were produced from different sizes of sago particles. The mechanical properties of sago waste were investigated to study the feasibility of using this sample as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing. The results of the test demonstrate that samples with different sizes of particles have great influence on the mechanical properties such as Young’s Modulus, Tensile Strength and Impact Strength. The findings show that the performance of the board is affected by the different sizes of sago particles used in the experiment and had proved that sago plants can be used as an alternative raw material in the particleboard manufacturing industry.
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Melas, Anastasios, Tommaso Selleri, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa, and Barouch Giechaskiel. "Evaluation of Solid Particle Number Sensors for Periodic Technical Inspection of Passenger Cars." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 8325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the increase in stringency of the European regulation limits for laboratory and real world automotive emissions, one of the main transport related aspects to improve the air quality is the mass scale in-use vehicle testing. Solid particle number (SPN) emissions have been drastically reduced with the use of diesel and gasoline particulate filters which, however, may get damaged or even been tampered. The feasibility of on-board monitoring and remote sensing as well as of the current periodical technical inspection (PTI) for detecting malfunctioning or tampered particulate filters is under discussion. A promising methodology for detecting high emitters is SPN testing at low idling during PTI. Several European countries plan to introduce this method for diesel vehicles and the European Commission (EC) will provide some guidelines. For this scope an experimental campaign was organized by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the EC with the participation of different instrument manufacturers. Idle SPN concentrations of vehicles without or with a malfunctioning particulate filter were measured. The presence of particles under the current cut-off size of 23 nm as well as of volatile particles during idling are presented. Moreover, the extreme case of a well performing vehicle tested after a filter regeneration is studied. In most of the cases the different sensors used were in good agreement, the high sub-23 nm particles existence being the most challenging case due to the differences in the sensors’ efficiency below the cut-off size.
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Giechaskiel, Barouch, Anastasios Melas, Giorgio Martini, and Panagiota Dilara. "Overview of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Number Regulations." Processes 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle emissions are a significant source of air pollution in cities. Particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant with adverse health effects. Regulations worldwide determine the PM exhaust emissions of vehicles by gravimetric quantification of the mass deposited on a filter over a test cycle. The introduction of particulate filters as vehicle exhaust gas aftertreatment devices led to low PM emissions. A particle number methodology (counting solid particles > 23 nm), complementary to the PM mass measurement, was developed by the PMP (Particle Measurement Programme) group of the GRPE (Working Party on Pollution and Energy) of the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) during the first decade of the 21st century. The methodology was then introduced in the EU (European Union) regulations for light-duty (2011), heavy-duty (2013), and non-road mobile machinery (2019). In parallel, during the last 15 years, UN (United Nations) regulations and GTRs (Global Technical Regulations) including this methodology were also developed. To address the on-road emissions, the EU introduced RDE (real-driving emissions) testing with PEMS (portable emissions measurement systems) in 2017. Other countries (e.g., China, India) have also started adopting the number methodology. The PMP group recently improved the current laboratory and on-board methodologies and also extended them to a lower particle size (counting solid particles > 10 nm). Due to the rapid evolution of the vehicle exhaust particle number regulations and the lack of a summary in the literature, this paper gives an overview of current and near future regulations. Emphasis is given on the technical specifications and the changes that have taken place over the years.
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Shen, Xiangyin, and Wenzhen Kuang. "Research on Generating Method of On-board Equipment Test Sequence in ATO System of High Speed Railway." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2246, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2246/1/012017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract With the development of railway technology, the Train control system of Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, which was opened in 2019, applies CTCS-3+ATO (Automatic Train Operation) technology to realize automatic driving at 350km/h, including automatic train opening, automatic and precise parking, and the linkage between train doors and platform doors. To ensure the safety and reliability of train control system, it is necessary to test the system. In this paper, the test cases used in the testing work are concatenated into test sub-sequences according to certain principles, and the concatenation problems of test sub-sequences are converted into TSP (Travelling Salesman Problem) for solving. PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm was used to obtain the test sequence of ATO system in high-speed railway, which provided guidance for the test work.
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Jumiati, Ety. "Karakterisasi Sifat Fisis dan Mikrostruktur Papan Gipsum dengan Variasi Komposisi Lateks." Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika 5, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jiif.v5i2.34493.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gypsum board is one of the advanced products of gypsum material with a mixture of fiber/fiber or other materials. Gypsum board has a weakness in its physical properties that easily absorb water. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in the manufacture of gypsum boards that will produce even better quality. The manufacture of gypsum board can utilize waste materials such as coconut shells and rice husks and latex as adhesives. The mixture of gypsum board materials including: gypsum, coconut shell, and rice husk used was 70%, 15%, 15% with latex variation 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% with FAS 0.5 and drying for 28 days. The parameters of the physical properties test include: density and thickness expansion, as well as microstructural testing to determine the morphology of the gypsum board sample. Analysis of the physical properties of gypsum board obtained optimal results, namely in sample A with a variation of 10% latex composition, the density value was 1.35 g/cm3, and the thickness expansion was 5.03% which met the SNI Standard 01-4449-2006. While the microstructure produces morphological images that show inhomogeneous distribution, particle agglomeration forms, and impurities
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Weigel, R., S. Borrmann, J. Kazil, A. Minikin, A. Stohl, J. C. Wilson, J. M. Reeves, et al. "In situ observations of new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere: the role of clouds and the nucleation mechanism." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (September 29, 2011): 9983–10010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9983-2011.
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Abstract. New particle formation (NPF), which generates nucleation mode aerosol, was observed in the tropical Upper Troposphere (UT) and Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) by in situ airborne measurements over South America (January–March 2005), Australia (November–December 2005), West Africa (August 2006) and Central America (2004–2007). Particularly intense NPF was found at the bottom of the TTL. Measurements with a set of condensation particle counters (CPCs) with different dp50 (50% lower size detection efficiency diameter or "cut-off diameter") were conducted on board the M-55 Geophysica in the altitude range of 12.0–20.5 km and on board the DLR Falcon-20 at up to 11.5 km altitude. On board the NASA WB-57F size distributions were measured over Central America in the 4 to 1000 nm diameter range with a system of nucleation mode aerosol spectrometers. Nucleation mode particle concentrations (NNM) were derived from these measurements which allow for identifying many NPF events with NNM in the range of thousands of particles per cm3. Over Australia and West Africa, we identified NPF in the outflow of tropical convection, in particular of a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). Newly formed particles with NNM > 1000 cm−3 were found to coexist with ice cloud particles (dp > 2 μm) as long as cloud particle concentrations remained below 2 cm−3. The occurrence of NPF within the upper troposphere and the TTL was generally confined within 340 K to 380 K potential temperature, but NPF was of particular strength between 350 K and 370 K (i.e. ~1–4 km below the cold point tropopause). Analyses of the aerosol volatility (at 250 °C) show that in the TTL on average 75–90% of the particles were volatile, compared to typically only 50% in the extra-tropical UT, indicative for the particles to mainly consist of H2SO4-H2O and possibly organic compounds. Along two flight segments over Central and South America (24 February 2005 and 7 August 2006, at 12.5 km altitude) in cloud free air, above thin cirrus, particularly high NNM were observed. Recent lifting had influenced the probed air masses, and NNM reached up to 16 000 particles cm−3 (ambient concentration). A sensitivity study using an aerosol model, which includes neutral and ion induced nucleation processes, simulates NNM in reasonable agreement with the in situ observations of clear-air NPF. Based on new, stringent multi-CPC criteria, our measurements corroborate the hypothesis that the tropical UT and the TTL are regions supplying freshly nucleated particles. Our findings narrow the altitude of the main source region to the bottom TTL, i.e. to the level of main tropical convection outflow, and, by means of measurements of carbon monoxide, they indicate the importance of anthropogenic emissions in NPF. After growth and/or coalescence the nucleation mode particles may act as cloud condensation nuclei in the tropical UT, or, upon ascent into the stratosphere, contribute to maintain the stratospheric background aerosol.
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Bastin, GN, RW Tynan, and VH Chewings. "Implementing Satellite-Based Grazing Gradient Methods for Rangeland Assessment in South Australia." Rangeland Journal 20, no. 1 (1998): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9980061.
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This paper reports on a project to adapt grazing gradient methods, which use satellite data, to assess the condition of the northern rangelands of South Australia. Within this region, cattle graze in large paddocks on mainly ephemeral vegetation that responds in often unpredictable ways to erratic rainfall. Two methods were tested: one calculates average cover levels at increasing distance from watering points while the other produces a map showing where vegetation response to rainfall is different to that which might be expected. Before using the methods, it was necessary to rapidly produce a map of landscape types reflecting grazing preference and we show how this was obtained from classified satellite data. It was not possible to derive an accurate index of vegetation cover from the satellite data for areas with a dark stone mantle and these areas were excluded from grazing gradient analyses. We describe how analysis software was adapted to the needs of a client (SA Department of Environment and Natural Resources) and how training was provided. Testing of the grazing gradient technology as a suitable method for determining lease condition in northern South Australia is continuing and is supported by both pastoralists in the region and the Pastoral Board. Key words: land condition, pastoral lease assessment, satellite data, thematic mapper, grazing gradients, technology transfer
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Kalantar, Bahareh, Naonori Ueda, Vahideh Saeidi, Saeid Janizadeh, Fariborz Shabani, Kourosh Ahmadi, and Farzin Shabani. "Deep Neural Network Utilizing Remote Sensing Datasets for Flood Hazard Susceptibility Mapping in Brisbane, Australia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large damages and losses resulting from floods are widely reported across the globe. Thus, the identification of the flood-prone zones on a flood susceptibility map is very essential. To do so, 13 conditioning factors influencing the flood occurrence in Brisbane river catchment in Australia (i.e., topographic, water-related, geological, and land use factors) were acquired for further processing and modeling. In this study, artificial neural networks (ANN), deep learning neural networks (DLNN), and optimized DLNN using particle swarm optimization (PSO) were exploited to predict and estimate the susceptible areas to the future floods. The significance of the conditioning factors analysis for the region highlighted that altitude, distance from river, sediment transport index (STI), and slope played the most important roles, whereas stream power index (SPI) did not contribute to the hazardous situation. The performance of the models was evaluated against the statistical tests such as sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve (AUC), and true skill statistic (TSS). DLNN and PSO-DLNN models obtained the highest values of sensitivity (0.99) for the training stage to compare with ANN. Moreover, the validations of specificity and TSS for PSO-DLNN recorded the highest values of 0.98 and 0.90, respectively, compared with those obtained by ANN and DLNN. The best accuracies by AUC were evaluated in PSO-DLNN (0.99 in training and 0.98 in testing datasets), followed by DLNN and ANN. Therefore, the optimized PSO-DLNN proved its robustness to compare with other methods.
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Meloun, Milan. "Comparing of UV and waterborne lacquers in view of amount of VOCs' emissions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 4 (2008): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856040257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This contribution investigates the problematic of indoor air pollution. There were tested low emitting types of lacquers – UV and waterborne lacquers. The work has been splitted in to two parts. In the first part samples of lacquers were applied on the particle board with beech veneer on the surface. Samples of air with VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) from lacquers were taken 3 and 24 hours after application. Tests proved that film layer of UV lacquer emit much smaller volumes of VOCs than acrylic waterborne lacquers or than 2–component epoxide waterborne lacquer. Acrylic waterborne lacquers’ materials emitted especially butoxyethylene, epoxide lacquer emitted a lot of butoxyethanol and methoxypropanol and UV lacquers particularly emitted toluene, benzene and xylene. Second part of testing consists of VOCs’ measuring of chosen lacquers applied on different base materials – inertial material glass and particle board with beech veneer. Tested criterion was the impact of different base material on emitted amount of VOCs. The results showed that lacquer coated on glass emit much more chemicals than lacquer on wood material. All materials were also tested on total amount of organic compounds emitted in to the air – on the TVOC. Measuring showed the same results as the first parts of research.
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Borrmann, S., D. Kunkel, R. Weigel, A. Minikin, T. Deshler, J. C. Wilson, J. Curtius, et al. "Aerosols in the tropical and subtropical UT/LS: in-situ measurements of submicron particle abundance and volatility." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 6 (November 18, 2009): 24587–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-24587-2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Processes occurring in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) are of importance for the global climate, for the stratospheric dynamics and air chemistry, and they influence the global distribution of water vapour, trace gases and aerosols. The mechanisms underlying cloud formation and variability in the UT/LS are of scientific concern as these still are not adequately described and quantified by numerical models. Part of the reasons for this is the scarcity of detailed in-situ measurements in particular from the Tropical Transition Layer (TTL) within the UT/LS. In this contribution we provide measurements of particle number densities and the amounts of non-volatile particles in the submicron size range present in the UT/LS over Southern Brazil, West Africa, and Northern Australia. The data were collected in-situ on board of the Russian high altitude research aircraft M-55 "Geophysica" using the specialised COPAS (COndensation PArticle counting System) instrument during the TROCCINOX (Araçatuba, Brazil, February 2005), the SCOUT-O3 (Darwin, Australia, December 2005), and SCOUT-AMMA (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, August 2006) campaigns. The vertical profiles obtained are compared to those from previous measurements from the NASA DC-8 and NASA WB-57F over Costa Rica and other tropical locations between 1999 and 2007. The number density of the submicron particles as function of altitude was found to be remarkably constant (even back to 1987) over the tropical UT/LS altitude band such that a parameterisation suitable for models can be extracted from the measurements. At altitudes corresponding to potential temperatures above 430 K a slight increase of the number densities from 2005/2006 results from the data in comparison to the 1987 to 2007 measurements. The origins of this increase are unknown. By contrast the data from Northern hemispheric mid latitudes do not exhibit such an increase between 1999 and 2006. Vertical profiles of the non-volatile fraction of the submicron particles were also measured by a COPAS channel and are presented here. The resulting profiles of the non-volatile number density fraction show a pronounced maximum of 50% in the tropical TTL over Australia and West Africa. Below and above this fraction is much lower attaining values of 10% and smaller. In the lower stratosphere the fine particles mostly consist of sulphuric acid which is reflected in the low numbers of non-volatile residues measured by COPAS. Without detailed chemical composition measurements the reason for the increase of non-volatile particle fractions cannot yet be given. The long distance transfer flights to Brazil, Australia and West-Africa were executed during a time window of 17 months within a period of relative volcanic quiescence. Thus the data measured during these transfers represent a "snapshot picture" documenting the status of a significant part of the global UT/LS aerosol (with sizes below 1 μm) at low concentration levels 15 years after the last major (i.e., the 1991 Mount Pinatubo) eruption. The corresponding latitudinal distributions of the measured particle number densities are also presented in this paper in order to provide input on the UT/LS background aerosol for modelling purposes.
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Ngadiman, Norhayati, Masiri Kaamin, Aslila Abd. Kadir, Suhaila Sahat, Aziza Zaini, Siti Raihana Nor Zentan, Nur Ain Ahmad, and Wan Haizatul Aisyhah Wan Amran. "Panel Board From Coconut Fibre And Pet Bottle." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rate of global deforestation and its impact on the environment has led particle board manufacture to search for alternative feedstock, especially in countries where wood is less available compared to other cellulosic natural product. Based on the properties of coconut fibre and PET bottle, these two materials can be recycle as raw material for manufacture of panel board. As for this study, the coconut fibre were used as the filler and PET bottle as outer lining of the panel board. Two types of coconut fibre were used which are grinding and un-grinding coconut fibre. At first, the coconut fibre are undergoes softening, grinding, drying and sieving process, while PET bottle was cleaning, shredding, sieving before compacted using hydraulic hot press machine. There are four types of testing that been carried out which are swelling, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The result show the conventional board has the highest value for MOE test, so it’s indicate that the conventional board is less strength from the coconut fibre board. As for water absorption test, the average water absorption of coconut fibre based panel board is less than conventional board. Overall, the coconut fibre board is better than conventional panel board because coconut fibre board are less swelling, has low water absorption, high modulus of rupture and low modulus of elasticity. Based on the finding, this coconut fibre panel board has potential as a stronger and long-lasting panel board than the conventional board in the market. Other than that, the panel also have their own aesthetic value since the recycled plastic bottle used as outer lining is colourful and giving aesthetic value.
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Ismail, I., Arliyani, Z. Jalil, Mursal, N. G. Olaiya, C. K. Abdullah, M. R. N. Fazita, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board." Polymers 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventionally, panel boards are produced with material flex or microparticle with P.U. or U.F. as adhesives. However, in this study, nanoparticle with epoxy resin as an adhesive was used to produce nanoboard. Coconut shell nanoparticle composite with epoxy resin as an adhesive was prepared using a compression molding technique. The coconut shell particles were originally 200 mesh size and then milled mechanically with a ball mill for the duration of 10, 20, 30, and 40 h (milling times) to produce nanoparticles. The composition ratio of the composite is 85 vol.% of coconut shell and 15 vol.% of epoxy resin. The formation of nanoparticles was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical, physical, and microstructure properties of the composite were examined with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and universal testing machine. The results established that the properties of the composite (microstructures, mechanical, and physical) are influenced by the duration of milling of coconut shell particles. The modulus and flexural strength of the composite improved with an increase in the milling time. The density, thickness swelling, and porosity of the composite were also influenced by the milling times. The result suggested that the composite properties were influenced by the particle size of the coconut shell. The coconut shell nanoparticle composite can be used in the manufacturing of hybrid panels and board.
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Nguyen, Hiep Duc, Matt Riley, John Leys, and David Salter. "Dust Storm Event of February 2019 in Central and East Coast of Australia and Evidence of Long-Range Transport to New Zealand and Antarctica." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Between 11 and 15 February 2019, a dust storm originating in Central Australia with persistent westerly and south westerly winds caused high particle concentrations at many sites in the state of New South Wales (NSW); both inland and along the coast. The dust continued to be transported to New Zealand and to Antarctica in the south east. This study uses observed data and the WRF-Chem Weather Research Forecast model based on GOCART-AFWA (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport–Air Force and Weather Agency) dust scheme and GOCART aerosol and gas-phase MOZART (Model for Ozone And Related chemical Tracers) chemistry model to study the long-range transport of aerosols for the period 11 to 15 February 2019 across eastern Australia and onto New Zealand and Antarctica. Wildfires also happened in northern NSW at the same time, and their emissions are taken into account in the WRF-Chem model by using the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as the emission input. Modelling results using the WRF-Chem model show that for the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand, peak concentration of PM10 (and PM2.5) as measured on 14 February 2019 at 05:00 UTC at the monitoring stations of Geraldine, Ashburton, Timaru and Woolston (Christchurch), and about 2 h later at Rangiora and Kaiapoi, correspond to the prediction of high PM10 due to the intrusion of dust to ground level from the transported dust layer above. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) observation data from MODIS 3 km Terra/Aqua and CALIOP LiDAR measurements on board CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite also indicate that high-altitude dust ranging from 2 km to 6 km, originating from this dust storm event in Australia, was located above Antarctica. This study suggests that the present dust storms in Australia can transport dust from sources in Central Australia to the Tasman sea, New Zealand and Antarctica.
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Ratsch, Angela, Fiona Sewell, and Adrian Pennington. "Developing and testing a matrix to achieveready-everyday nursing standards(RENS): an observational study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e031499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionThe Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) set criteria for the delivery of healthcare services in Australia. While a voluntary process, continual accreditation with ACHS is an expectation of, and for, Australian healthcare providers. Juxtapositioned with the ACHS, the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) set the mandatory practice requirements of, and for, Australian nurses. Despite these overarching quality and governance directives, a regional Queensland Hospital and Health Service (HHS) demonstrated deficits in the quality of nursing care. Accordingly, a HHS project was commissioned with the aim of producing a quantum shift in the quality of nursing services such that the service wasready-everydayfor accreditation assessment, and nursing practice exemplified the NMBA standards.Several barriers to achieving the aim were identified and it was considered that the implementation of critical system changes would structurally and operationally support the achievement of the aim. The system changes are pivoted around an interactive matrix that links nursing care services to the array of nursing professional and practice standards and provides real-time quantitative output measures. This paper outlines the protocol that will be used to establish, implement and evaluate the matrix.Methods and analysisA participatory action research design with a modified Delphi methodology will be used for the development the matrix. The organisational change management around the matrix implementation will be informed by Kotter’s model and supported by the use of the McKinsey 7S. The matrix implementation phase will be conducted using a modifiedPromoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Servicesmodel. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected over a 12 month pre-test/post-test design to measure the statistical significance of the matrix in supporting compliance with nursing standards and the achievement of quality nursing care. Quantitative data from quality of care assessments will be analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Qualitative data from staff surveys will be analysed by content analysis of the major themes (n~200).Ethics and disseminationThe project has ethics approval from a Queensland Health Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be reported to participants and other stakeholders at seminars and conferences and through peer-reviewed publications.
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Wahab, Razak, Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat, Hashim W. Samsi, Mohd Tamizi Mustafa, and Siti Marlia Mohd Don. "Assessing the Suitability of Agro-Waste from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Quality Eco-Composite Boards." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n8p237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The properties of eco-composite boards from agro-waste of oil palm empty fruit bunches were studied. The oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) obtained from a private oil palm plantation. By using fibre cutter and particle crusher, these EFB refined. Hardeners and wax added at 1% and 3% during the mixing process. Boards with densities of 500, 600 and 700 kg/m3 produced using resin urea formaldehyde as the bonding agent at 10, 12 and 14%. The boards conditioned in a conditioning chamber set at 20±2 °C and 65% relative humidity before undergoing subsequent testing. The EN Standards specifications applied in the preparation of test samples and testing. Results showed the highest modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) achieved in this study were 22.91 N/mm2 and 2059.56 N/mm2. The internal bonding was found to be at 0.98 N/mm2, and 467.47 N/mm2 and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively for the edge and face screw withdrawal. Boards with 700 kg/m3 density and 14% resin content met the requirement of standard specifications. Scanning electron microscopy machine used to study the resin-fibre bonding property. Resin and fibre in the board inspected carefully, and voids appeared at the cross-section of the board with density 500 kg/m3 at 10% resin suggesting moisture penetrated into the board via the open spaces and weakened the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have low properties. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates maximum rate of decomposition for the EFB boards occurred at 380.83 °C. This study shows that the board’s density and resin content applied influence on the board’s overall properties with boards produced at 700 kg/m3 density with 14% resin content showed excellent overall properties with good dimensional stability.
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Fackler, Karin, Thomas Kuncinger, Thomas Ters, and Ewald Srebotnik. "Laccase-catalyzed functionalization with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylurea significantly improves internal bond of particle boards." Holzforschung 62, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2008.045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Enzymatic functionalization is an attractive tool to provide a reactive interface for further processing of lignocellulosic materials, such as wood particles and fibers. Here, spruce wood particles have been functionalized by fungal laccase combined with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamine (HMBA) or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylurea (HMBU). The expectation was crosslinking with resins in subsequent glueing processes, which should improve strength properties of particle boards. Essential process parameters, such as liquid to solid mass ratio and treatment time, were optimized on a laboratory scale resulting in HMBA and HMBU binding yields of 90% and above as determined by radiochemical mass balance analysis. We employed a multifactorial experimental design for board production from treated wood particles and urea/formaldehyde resin. Mechanical testing and multivariate data analysis revealed, for the first time, an increase of internal bond (IB) as a result of functionalization with HMBU. HMBA was not successful. Variance analysis of relevant parameters and their interactions demonstrated a highly significant difference (P>99.99%) between boards treated with laccase/HMBU versus untreated wood particles. Due to positive interactions, functionalization was most effective at high bulk density (750 kg m-3) and high resin content (10%) resulting in a calculated IB improvement of 0.12 N m-2 (21%).
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Sánchez, Jonatan, Antonio da Silva, Pablo Parra, Óscar R. Polo, Agustín Martínez Hellín, and Sebastián Sánchez. "ARINC653 Channel Robustness Verification Using LeonViP-MC, a LEON4 Multicore Virtual Platform." Electronics 10, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10101179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multicore hardware platforms are being incorporated into spacecraft on-board systems to achieve faster and more efficient data processing. However, such systems lead to increased complexity in software development and represent a considerable challenge, especially concerning the runtime verification of fault-tolerance requirements. To address the ever-challenging verification of this kind of requirement, we introduce a LEON4 multicore virtual platform called LeonViP-MC. LeonViP-MC is an evolution of a previous development called Leon2ViP, carried out by the Space Research Group of the University of Alcalá (SRG-UAH), which has been successfully used in the development and testing of the flight software of the instrument control unit (ICU) of the energetic particle detector (EPD) on board the Solar Orbiter. This paper describes the LeonViP-MC architectural design decisions oriented towards fault-injection campaigns to verify software fault-tolerance mechanisms. To validate the simulator, we developed an ARINC653 communications channel that incorporates fault-tolerance mechanisms and is currently being used to develop a hypervisor level for the GR740 platform.
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Meng, Xue, Wei Fan, Yanli Ma, Tongxue Wei, Hao Dou, Xue Yang, Huixia Tian, Yang Yu, Tao Zhang, and Li Gao. "Recycling of denim fabric wastes into high-performance composites using the needle-punching nonwoven fabrication route." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 5-6 (August 22, 2019): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519870317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present, a large number of waste textiles are disposed through incineration and burial, which cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, recycling textile wastes into high mechanical products with eco-friendly method is an urgent issue. Based on the above status quo, three kinds of 3D waste denim fiber needled felts/epoxy composites (3DWECs) with different areal densities of the mono-layer fiber web were designed and fabricated, and the effect of the areal density of the mono-layer fiber web on its mechanical properties was studied in this work. The cross-section morphologies of 3DWECs were also examined. Tensile, bending and compressive test results revealed that 2# 3DWECs (the planar density of mono-layer fiber webs was 557 g/m2) possessed better mechanical properties than 1# 3DWECs and 3# 3DWECs. Both the static and dynamic mechanical testing results showed that 3D waste denim fiber needled felts acting as the reinforcement played an essential role in the bearing function. Moreover, the peel tests indicated that the peel strengths of the 3DWECs were above the limits of the Chinese National Standard for particle board. The composites have the potential as a substitute for some particle boards.
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Martucci, Matteo, Roberta Sparvoli, Simona Bartocci, Roberto Battiston, William Jerome Burger, Donatella Campana, Luca Carfora, et al. "Trapped Proton Fluxes Estimation Inside the South Atlantic Anomaly Using the NASA AE9/AP9/SPM Radiation Models along the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite Orbit." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The radiation belts in the Earth’s magnetosphere pose a hazard to satellite systems and spacecraft missions (both manned and unmanned), heavily affecting payload design and resources, thus resulting in an impact on the overall mission performance and final costs. The NASA AE9/AP9/SPM radiation models for energetic electrons, protons, and plasma provide useful information on the near-Earth environment, but they are still incomplete as to some features and, for some energy ranges, their predictions are not based on a statistically sufficient sample of direct measurements. Therefore, it is of the upmost importance to provide new data and direct measurements to improve their output. In this work, the AP9 model is applied to the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) orbit to estimate the flux of energetic protons over the South Atlantic Anomaly during a short testing period of one day, 1 January 2021. Moreover, a preliminary comparison with proton data obtained from the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) on board CSES-01 is carried out. This estimation will serve as the starting ground for a forthcoming complete data analysis, enabling extensive testing and validation of current theoretical and empirical models.
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Indraratna, B., I. Gasson, and R. N. Chowdhury. "Utilization of compacted coal tailings as a structural fill." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 614–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on coal tailings produced at Westcliff Colliery, New South Wales, Australia. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the particle-size distribution, mineralogy, compaction characteristics, compressive strength (California bearing ratio), shear resistance, and collapse potential. The tests show that compacted tailings have good potential as effective fill for embankments, tailings dams, mine access roads, and pavements. Large-scale utilization of these tailings for rehabilitation of subsidence-affected areas and mine backfill is particularly encouraging. It is demonstrated that this waste material can be efficiently compacted to produce acceptable engineering properties over a wide range of water contents. Although the behaviour of one specific type of tailings cannot be generalized to the diverse composition of other coal tailings, the results of this study assist in the interpretation of geotechnical data associated with nonconventional fill. The use of geotextiles in the stabilization of tailings is presented. The effect of moisture content and the number of geotextile layers on the shear strength parameters is investigated, and the influence of geotextiles on the failure modes of triaxial specimens is also discussed. Key words : California bearing ratio, coal tailings, compaction, geotextiles, structural fill, triaxial testing.
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Smith, Elizabeth C., Hunter V. Brigman, Jadyn C. Anderson, Christopher L. Emery, Tiffany E. Bias, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer, Phillip J. Bergen, Elizabeth B. Hirsch, and Elizabeth B. Hirsch. "2164. Activity of Fosfomycin (FOF) and Frequency of Nonsusceptible Inner Colonies During Susceptibility Testing of an International Collection of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) Isolates." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background FOF has been used clinically for the treatment of PA infections in the absence of established interpretive criteria. A recent study identified a low frequency of nonsusceptible inner colony mutants during disk diffusion (DD) testing of Escherichia coli; however, the frequency of this phenomenon in PA isolates is not well characterized. We sought to determine FOF activity against an international collection of PA isolates and the frequency of inner colony mutants observed during Etest and DD testing. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for a convenience collection of 109 PA ([70/94] 64.2% MDR) isolates from 4 institutions in the United States and Australia. MIC testing was conducted in duplicate on separate days utilizing agar dilution (AD), broth microdilution (BMD), DD, and Etest as recommended per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). CLSI E.coli interpretive criteria (≤ 64 mg/L susceptible) were used for MIC interpretations. The proportion of isolates containing inner colonies was determined using DD and Etest. Inner colony mutants were subcultured and retested using BMD with comparison to the parent isolate MICs. Results FOF MICs varied widely and ranged from 1024 mg/L with MIC50/MIC90 values of 64/256 (AD), 64/512 (Etest), and 64/256 (BMD) mg/L. Using E. coli criteria, susceptible/resistant rates were: 60.5/17.4% for AD; 60.5/22.0% for Etest; 86.2/7.3% for DD; and 53.2/17.4% for BMD. Inner colonies were frequently observed in 38.5% and 35.8% of DD and Etest inhibition zones, respectively. After repeat testing, mutant MIC values ranged from 64 to > 1024 mg/L and a majority (85.9%) had MIC values ≥ 512 mg/L. Conclusion Observed MIC values of this (64% MDR) collection varied widely with MIC50/90 values commonly at or above the E. coli susceptibility breakpoint. Inner colony mutants were frequently observed and highly resistant. Whole-genome sequencing is currently underway for a subset of parent/mutant pairs to determine whether specific genetic alterations are attributed to the increased MICs. Based on these results, caution should be warranted in extrapolating E. coli breakpoints to other organisms, and treatment of PA with FOF should be further evaluated. Disclosures Elizabeth B. Hirsch, PharmD, Merck: Grant/Research Support, Research Grant; Nabriva Therapeutics: Advisory Board; Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Advisory Board.
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Iswanto, A. H., M. R. Nadeak, F. Octaviani, A. Darwis, A. Susilowati, and R. Hartono. "The influence of particle soaking in acetic acid and NaOH solutions on the quality of sandwich particleboard from raru wood and belangke bamboo." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As a composite product, particleboard has disadvantages related to low dimensional stability. The research purpose was to analyze the effect of immersion in acetic acid and NaOH solution on the quality of the particleboard sandwich. Sandwich particleboard (SPb) was made in a size of 25 cm length and 25 cm width. The target thickness and density are 1 cm and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The adhesive used was isocyanate adhesive with a content of 7%. First, The particles, which were in the form of wood shavings and bamboo strands, were soaked in a solution of acetic acid and NaOH at various concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%). The moisture content of the particles to be made SPb was set at 7%. After evenly mixing the particles (wood shavings and bamboo strands) and the adhesive, the sheet was created. The board sheets were made into three layers, namely 40% face layer in the form of a bamboo strand, 20% core layer in the form of wood shavings, and 40% back layer in the form of the bamboo strand. The next stage was the hot pressing process at 160 °C for 5 min and 30 kg/cm2 pressure. The following process was conditioning the board for seven days. Testing of quality refers to the standard JIS A5908 (2003). The results showed that the immersion of Raru wood particles in acetic acid and NaOH significantly affected the value of density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond. Except for the moisture content on the AA3 and NA2 boards and the internal bond value on the untreated (control) board, all of the panel properties in this study met the standard.