Книги: "Partial interaction mechanics"

1

Jürgen, Tomas, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Micro-Macro-interaction: In Structured media and Particle Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.

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2

R, Baier, and Wegener D, eds. Proceedings of the XXth International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Gut Holmecke near Dortmund, Germany 10-14 September, 1990. Singapore: World Scientific, 1991.

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3

1975-, Sims Robert, and Ueltschi Daniel 1969-, eds. Entropy and the quantum II: Arizona School of Analysis with Applications, March 15-19, 2010, University of Arizona. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2011.

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4

Herrmann, Samuel. Stochastic resonance: A mathematical approach in the small noise limit. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2014.

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5

Layton, Anita T., and Sarah D. Olson. Biological fluid dynamics: Modeling, computations, and applications : AMS Special Session, Biological Fluid Dynamics : Modeling, Computations, and Applications : October 13, 2012, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2014.

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6

Howes, Andrew, Xiuli Chen, Aditya Acharya, and Richard L. Lewis. Interaction as an Emergent Property of a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0011.

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In this chapter we explore the potential advantages of modeling the interaction between a human and a computer as a consequence of a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) that models human cognition. POMDPs can be used to model human perceptual mechanisms, such as human vision, as partial (uncertain) observers of a hidden state are possible. In general, POMDPs permit a rigorous definition of interaction as the outcome of a reward maximizing stochastic sequential decision processes. They have been shown to explain interaction between a human and an environment in a range of scenarios, including visual search, interactive search and sense-making. The chapter uses these scenarios to illustrate the explanatory power of POMDPs in HCI. It also shows that POMDPs embrace the embodied, ecological and adaptive nature of human interaction.

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7

Bertram, Albrecht, and Jürgen Tomas. Micro-Macro-Interactions: In Structured Media and Particle Systems. Springer, 2010.

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8

Fields & Fundamental Interactions. Gordon & Breach Publishing Group, 2001.

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9

Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Particle motion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0002.

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The movement of colloidal particles in simple and complex fluids and viscoelastic solids is central to the microrheology endeavor. All microrheology experiments measure the resistance of a probe particle forced to move within a material, whether that probe is forced externally or simply allowed to fluctuate thermally. This chapter lays a foundation of the fundamental mechanics of micrometer-dimension particles in fluids and soft solids. In an active microrheology experiment, a colloid of radius a is driven externally with a specifed force F (e.g.magnetic, optical, or gravitational), and moves with a velocity V that is measured. Of particular importance is the role of the Correspondence Principle, but other key concepts, including mobility and resistance, hydrodynamic interactions, and both fluid and particle inertia, are discussed. In passive microrheology experiments, on the other hand, the position of a thermally-uctuating probe is tracked and analyzed to determine its diffusivity.

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10

Aitchison, I. J. R., and A. J. G. Hey. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics, Volume I: From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED (Graduate Student Series in Physics). 3rd ed. Taylor & Francis, 2002.

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11

Aitchison, Ian J. R., and Anthony J. G. Hey. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics : a Practical Introduction, Volume 1: From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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12

Aitchison, Ian J. R., and Anthony J. G. Hey. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics : a Practical Introduction, Volume 1: From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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13

Aitchison, Ian J. R., and Anthony J. G. Hey. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics : a Practical Introduction, Volume 1: From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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14

Aitchison, Ian J. R., and Anthony J. G. Hey. Gauge Theories in Particle Physics : a Practical Introduction, Volume 1: From Relativistic Quantum Mechanics to QED, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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15

Free Energy and Self-Interacting Particles (Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications). Birkhäuser Boston, 2005.

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16

Olsson, Helena. Particle Interactions and Internal Tablet Structure: Factors Affecting the Mechanical Strength of Pharmaceutical Compacts (Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations, 228). Uppsala Universitet, 2000.

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17

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Schwinger Action Principle and Variational Calculus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 introduces the Schwinger Action Principle, along with associated particle and potential sources. While the methods described here originally arose in the relativistic quantum field theory of elementary particle physics, they have also profoundly advanced our understanding of non-relativistic many-particle physics. The Schwinger Action Principle is a quantum-mechanical variational principle that closely parallels the Hamilton Principle of Least Action of classical mechanics, generalizing it to include the role of quantum operators as generalized coordinates and momenta. As such, it unifies all aspects of quantum theory, incorporating Hamilton equations of motion for those operators and the Heisenberg equation, as well as producing the canonical equal-time commutation/anticommutation relations. It yields dynamical coupled field equations for the creation and annihilation operators of the interacting many-body system by variational differentiation of the Hamiltonian with respect to the field operators. Also, equations for the development of matrix elements (underlying Green’s functions) are derived using variations with respect to particle and potential “sources” (and coupling strength). Variational calculus, involving impressed potentials, c-number coordinates and fields, also quantum operator coordinates and fields, is discussed in full detail. Attention is given to the introduction of fermion and boson particle sources and their use in variational calculus.

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18

Morawetz, Klaus. Scattering on a Single Impurity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0004.

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Evolution of a many-body system consists of permanent collisions among particles. Looking at the motion of a single particle, one can identify encounters by which a particle abruptly changes the direction of flight, these are seen as true collisions, and small-angle encounters, which in sum act as an applied force rather than randomising collisions. The scattering on impurities is used to introduce the mentioned mechanisms and, in particular, to show how they affect each other. Point impurities are assumed, i.e. impurities the potential of which is restricted to a single atomic site of the crystal lattice. In this case interaction potentials never overlap and many-body effects are due to nonlocal character of the quantum particle. To introduce elementary components of the formalism, in this chapter we first describe the interaction of an electron with a single impurity. Lippman–Schwinger equations are derived and the physics behind the collision delay, dissipativeness and optical theorems is explored.

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19

Iliopoulos, John. Spontaneously Broken Symmetries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805175.003.0005.

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In this chapter we present the solution to the problem of mass. It is based on the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). We first give the example of buckling, a typical example of spontaneous symmetry breaking in classical physics. We extract the main features of the phenomenon, namely the instability of the symmetric state and the degeneracy of the ground state. The associated concepts of the critical point and the order parameter are deduced. A more technical exposition is given in a separate section. Then we move to a quantum physics example, that of the Heisenberg ferromagnet. We formulate Goldstone’s theorem which associates a massless particle, the Goldstone boson, to the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the last section we present the mechanism of Brout–Englert–Higgs (BEH). We show that spontaneous symmetry breaking in the presence of gauge interactions makes it possible for particles to become massive. The remnant of the mechanism is the appearance of a physical particle, the BEH boson, which we identify with the particle discovered at CERN.

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20

Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. The Propaganda Feedback Loop. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0003.

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This chapter presents a model of the interaction of media outlets, politicians, and the public with an emphasis on the tension between truth-seeking and narratives that confirm partisan identities. This model is used to describe the emergence and mechanics of an insular media ecosystem and how two fundamentally different media ecosystems can coexist. In one, false narratives that reinforce partisan identity not only flourish, but crowd-out true narratives even when these are presented by leading insiders. In the other, false narratives are tested, confronted, and contained by diverse outlets and actors operating in a truth-oriented norms dynamic. Two case studies are analyzed: the first focuses on false reporting on a selection of television networks; the second looks at parallel but politically divergent false rumors—an allegation that Donald Trump raped a 13-yearold and allegations tying Hillary Clinton to pedophilia—and tracks the amplification and resistance these stories faced.

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21

Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Quantum Statistical Field Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.001.0001.

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The methods of coupled quantum field theory, which had great initial success in relativistic elementary particle physics and have subsequently played a major role in the extensive development of non-relativistic quantum many-particle theory and condensed matter physics, are at the core of this book. As an introduction to the subject, this presentation is intended to facilitate delivery of the material in an easily digestible form to students at a relatively early stage of their scientific development, specifically advanced undergraduates (rather than second or third year graduate students), who are mathematically strong physics majors. The mechanism to accomplish this is the early introduction of variational calculus with particle sources and the Schwinger Action Principle, accompanied by Green’s functions, and, in addition, a brief derivation of quantum mechanical ensemble theory introducing statistical thermodynamics. Important achievements of the theory in condensed matter and quantum statistical physics are reviewed in detail to help develop research capability. These include the derivation of coupled field Green’s function equations of motion for a model electron-hole-phonon system, extensive discussions of retarded, thermodynamic and non-equilibrium Green’s functions, and their associated spectral representations and approximation procedures. Phenomenology emerging in these discussions includes quantum plasma dynamic, nonlocal screening, plasmons, polaritons, linear electromagnetic response, excitons, polarons, phonons, magnetic Landau quantization, van der Waals interactions, chemisorption, etc. Considerable attention is also given to low-dimensional and nanostructured systems, including quantum wells, wires, dots and superlattices, as well as materials having exceptional conduction properties such as superconductors, superfluids and graphene.

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22

International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics 1990 Gut Holmecke and R. Baier. Proceedings of the Xxth International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Gut Holmecke Near Dortmund, Germany, September 10-14, 1990. World Scientific Pub Co Inc, 1991.

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23

Westfahl, Gary. A Bridge to the Present. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037801.003.0007.

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This chapter examines three William Gibson novels: Virtual Light, Idoru, and All Tomorrow's Parties. Virtual Light confirms Gibson's desire to break with the past and move in new directions. More specifically, Gibson wanted readers to enter and appreciate a different sort of Gibsonian world. Accordingly, Virtual Light was set in 2005, only twelve years after its publication, and its imagined new technologies were not far removed from actual technologies of the early 1990s. While computer hackers eventually play a small role in the story, there is only one fleeting glimpse of a virtual realm recalling cyberspace, and the two protagonists have almost no interactions with computers. While Gibson remained interested in futuristic science, this novel devotes more attention to speculative sociology. Idoru examines the mechanisms that promote celebrities and keep them in the public eye. It seems to repudiate Virtual Light, whereas All Tomorrow's Parties seems to repudiate Idoru.

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24

Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Quantum field theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0024.

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Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are developed to compute properties of a variety of quantum field theories. The method is introduced with a simple scalar field theory and used to evaluate the particle spectrum and phase diagram for parity symmetry breaking. The technique of micorcanonical updating is introduced to increase efficiency. The important topic of gauge theory is then introduced via the gauged Z2 model. Development of the gauge theory formalism continues with Abelian gauge theory in two dimensions. The interaction between static charges is computed and compared to the exact result. The string tension in nonableian SU(2) gauge theory is explored with the aid of the renormalization group, which gives an entrée to a discussion of the Higgs mechanism. Finally, the formalism for including fermions is briefly reviewed.

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25

Zinn-Justin, Jean. Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.001.0001.

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Introduced as a quantum extension of Maxwell's classical theory, quantum electrodynamic (QED) has been the first example of a quantum field theory (QFT). Eventually, QFT has become the framework for the discussion of all fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale except, possibly, gravity. More surprisingly, it has also provided a framework for the understanding of second order phase transitions in statistical mechanics. In fact, as hopefully this work illustrates, QFT is the natural framework for the discussion of most systems involving an infinite number of degrees of freedom with local couplings. These systems range from cold Bose gases at the condensation temperature (about ten nanokelvin) to conventional phase transitions (from a few degrees to several hundred) and high energy particle physics up to a TeV, altogether more than twenty orders of magnitude in the energy scale. Therefore, although excellent textbooks about QFT had already been published, I thought, many years ago, that it might not be completely worthless to present a work in which the strong formal relations between particle physics and the theory of critical phenomena are systematically emphasized. This option explains some of the choices made in the presentation. A formulation in terms of field integrals has been adopted to study the properties of QFT. The language of partition and correlation functions has been used throughout, even in applications of QFT to particle physics. Renormalization and renormalization group (RG) properties are systematically discussed. The notion of effective field theory (EFT) and the emergence of renormalizable theories are described. The consequences for fine-tuning and triviality issue are emphasized. This fifth edition has been updated and fully revised.

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26

Kenyon, Ian R. Quantum 20/20. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808350.001.0001.

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This text reviews fundametals and incorporates key themes of quantum physics. One theme contrasts boson condensation and fermion exclusivity. Bose–Einstein condensation is basic to superconductivity, superfluidity and gaseous BEC. Fermion exclusivity leads to compact stars and to atomic structure, and thence to the band structure of metals and semiconductors with applications in material science, modern optics and electronics. A second theme is that a wavefunction at a point, and in particular its phase is unique (ignoring a global phase change). If there are symmetries, conservation laws follow and quantum states which are eigenfunctions of the conserved quantities. By contrast with no particular symmetry topological effects occur such as the Bohm–Aharonov effect: also stable vortex formation in superfluids, superconductors and BEC, all these having quantized circulation of some sort. The quantum Hall effect and quantum spin Hall effect are ab initio topological. A third theme is entanglement: a feature that distinguishes the quantum world from the classical world. This property led Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen to the view that quantum mechanics is an incomplete physical theory. Bell proposed the way that any underlying local hidden variable theory could be, and was experimentally rejected. Powerful tools in quantum optics, including near-term secure communications, rely on entanglement. It was exploited in the the measurement of CP violation in the decay of beauty mesons. A fourth theme is the limitations on measurement precision set by quantum mechanics. These can be circumvented by quantum non-demolition techniques and by squeezing phase space so that the uncertainty is moved to a variable conjugate to that being measured. The boundaries of precision are explored in the measurement of g-2 for the electron, and in the detection of gravitational waves by LIGO; the latter achievement has opened a new window on the Universe. The fifth and last theme is quantum field theory. This is based on local conservation of charges. It reaches its most impressive form in the quantum gauge theories of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, culminating in the discovery of the Higgs. Where particle physics has particles condensed matter has a galaxy of pseudoparticles that exist only in matter and are always in some sense special to particular states of matter. Emergent phenomena in matter are successfully modelled and analysed using quasiparticles and quantum theory. Lessons learned in that way on spontaneous symmetry breaking in superconductivity were the key to constructing a consistent quantum gauge theory of electroweak processes in particle physics.

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Книги з теми "Partial interaction mechanics"

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