Дисертації з теми "Parole et geste"
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El, Abed Rafia. "Modèles et données sur l'anticipation du geste d'arrondissment en français." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39031.
Capponi, Matteo. "la parole comme geste : la conception antique de la parole efficace et ses implications dans le théâtre tragique." Neuchâtel, 2008. http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url=1000,40,4,20081120151606-HD/thC̲apponiM.pdf.
Hascoet, Nathalie. "Le geste et l'intonation à l'oral spontané : une étude de cas." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H023.
This research questions the reasons for a speaker to use gestures in coversation. The first part is dedicated to a categorization within the framework of Morel and Danon-Boileau (1998) that classifies gestures as revealing the handling of speech turns or the making of a thought (co-locution) or as revealing the way a speaker construes the other speaker's thinking and the way he/she thinks his/her own reflexions will be perceived (co-enunciation). The second part examines the categorization through the study of a video faeturing two male French speakers presenting opposite opinions. So as to study the fuctions of gesture, this dissertaion is centred on the role played by the speaker's gaze, their hand gestures and head movements but also on the type of conversation and the goals aimed at by the speakers. It reveals that gazing at someone has to do with persuasion. Hand gestures and head movements contribute to stating or calling for consensus with the interlocutor as well as indicate cases of disagreement. In concessive cluases, the speker does not repeat the gestures performed by his interlocutor, but uses mimetic gestures when opposing a new point of view. This research led to the observatio, that gestures, speech and intonation are inter-related and reveal the linguistic operations a speaker builds in his discourse
Mignot, Christophe. "Usage de la parole et du geste dans les interfaces multimodales : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10229.
Tutton, Mark. "Les expressions locatives en anglais et en français : les rôles du geste et de la parole." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30017.
This dissertation examines how speakers of English and French express static locative relationships in oral discourse. These relationships situate an object (or group of objects) at a fixed point in space : for example, the book is next to the sofa. We argue that speakers express the nature of these relationships - such as that encoded by next to - in both speech and gesture, and that the two modalities interact in a complementary fashion to convey locative meaning. At the core of our investigation is an original experiment in which native speakers of Australian English and French were asked to describe two pictures of everyday spatial scenes to a partner. Data were filmed and speech and gesture annotated using the video software ELAN. As part of this process were developed a new method for defining and separating locative expressions. We also developed a comprehensive labeling system to capture the core informational content of co-speech gestures. Our results show that both Anglish and French speakers make productive use of gesture to express locative information. We make two major original contributions to knowledge. The first of these is that speakers use gesture to express specific directional information which is not encoded by particular lexical spatial items (for example, next to, à côté de, between and entre). The second is that speakers can simultaneously target the locations of different objects in speech and gesture. These two insights forcefully highlight the layered, multimodal nature of locative communication
Sakr, Mountajab. "Le théâtre de la parole de Philippe Minyana, représentation de la parole et des gestes, pasage du texte à la scène, technique d'écriture." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411828.
Le sujet de la thèse intéresse en particulier les chercheurs travaillant dans les domaines du théâtre comme celui de la création théâtrale et de la réception, puisqu'il pose la question de la parole au théâtre. Ce genre de travail se situe à la frontière du théorique et de la pratique.
La thèse pose des questions sérieuses auxquelles elle essaye de répondre, le rapport entre la parole au théâtre et celle dans la réalité. Puis le rapport de l'œuvre avec le réel, la société contemporaine. Nous justifions notre choix de l'œuvre de Philippe Minyana en raison de sa vivacité, sa particularité dramatique dans le théâtre français contemporain, cette particularité réside dans la diversité des procédés de l'écriture utilisée dans les formes dramatiques de l'auteur.
Notre recherche se situe dans le creuset de la création dramatique de l'auteur étudié. Ce qui gît dans ce creuset, c'est la parole représentée, une écriture sans cesse réinventée, reconstruite à travers ses croisements avec la parole quotidienne. Dans le panorama des pièces de Minyana, nous proposons de suivre les battements de la parole en montrant l'évolution dramaturgique mise en œuvre par l'auteur dans les formes monologuées, la forme épique, la forme fragmentée des drames brefs, la rapports humains dans des lieux clos ou l'économie de la parole dans les dernières pièces.
Le travail se base sur une de étude des textes dramatiques et des axes dramaturgiques de l'œuvre de Minyana pour voir quelles sont les techniques d'écriture que Minyana utilisées dans son œuvre, et de là comment la parole prend une nature différente suivant les multiples formes d'écriture de l'auteur. Nous essayons de montrer comment la parole est structurée dans l'ensemble de l'œuvre de Minyana, de prouver qu'elle y est prioritaire par rapport aux autres composantes dramatiques. En analysant les étapes de cette écriture, nous suivons le mouvement intérieur de cette dramaturgie à travers l'étude de la «profération » de la parole sur scène.
Il s'agit dans thèse d'une étude détaillée de la langue dramatique dans les pièces choisies, (la répétition, le passage du coq à l'âne, l'oralité, la parole dans le récit dans son rapport au passé du personnage, les façons de parler des figures, l'étude la parole stylisée, les niveaux de la parole des figures et le passage d'un niveau à l'autre et la répétition des gestes qui entraîne une répétition de parole etc.) en vue de déterminer des formes dramaturgiques spécifiques.
Gonseth, Chloé. "Multimodalité de la communication langagière humaine : interaction geste/parole et encodage de distance dans le pointage." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949090.
Gonseth, Chloe. "Multimodalité de la communication langagière humaine : interaction geste/parole et encodage de distance dans le pointage." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENS011/document.
Designating an object for the benefit of another person is one of the most basic processes inlinguistic communication. It is most of the time performed through the combined use of vocaland manual productions. The goal of this work is to understand and characterize the interactionsbetween speech and manual gesture during pointing tasks, in order to determine howmuch linguistic information is carried by each of these two systems, and eventually to test themain models of speech and gesture production.The first part of the study is about the production of vocal and manual pointing. The originalaspect of this work is to look for distance encoding parameters in the lexical, acoustic,articulatory and kinematic properties of multimodal pointing, and to show that these differentcharacteristics can be related with each other, and underlain by a similar basic motor behaviour: designating a distant object induces larger gestures, be they vocal or manual. This motorpattern can be related with the phonological pattern that is used for distance encoding in theworld’s languages. The experimental design that is used in this study contrasts bimodal vs. vocalmonomodal vs. monomodal manual pointings, and a comparison between these conditionsreveals that the vocal and manual modalities act in bidirectional cooperation for deixis, sharingthe informational load when used together.The second part of the study explores the development of multimodal pointing. The propertiesof multimodal pointing are assessed in 6-12 year-old children, in an experimental task similarto that of the adults. This second experiment attests a progressive evolution of speech/gestureinteractions in the development of spatial deixis. It reveals that distance is preferentially encodedin manual gestures in children, rather than in vocal gestures (and especially so in youngerchildren). It also shows that the cooperative use of speech and manual gesture in deixis is alreadyat play in children, though with more influence of gesture on speech than the reversedpattern.The third part of the study looks at sensorimotor interactions in the perception of spatial deixis.This experimental study, based on an intermodal priming paradigm, reveals that manual gestureplays a role in the production/perception mechanism associated with the semantic processingof language. These results can be related with those of studies on the sensorimotor nature ofrepresentations in the processing of linguistic sound units.Altogether, these studies provide strong evidence for an integrated representation of speech andmanual gestures in the human linguistic brain, even at a relatively early age in its development.They also show that distance encoding is a robust feature, which is also present in all aspectsof multimodal pointing
Sakr, Mountajab. "Le théâtre de la parole de Philippe Minyana : représentation de la parole et des gestes, passage du texte à la scène, techniques d'écriture." Phd thesis, Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083794.
Valette, Pierre. "Du tri à l'autre : éthique et médecine d'urgence." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714219.
Rulhes, Christophe. "Singularités Ordinaires : un théâtre anthropologique des devenirs autochtones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0072.
This thesis exposes different experiences of building a participatory theater, led by the author and the collective of the GdRA from France between 2005 and 2021, on a multi-sited and transversal field in Japan, Madagascar, South Africa, in Guyana, on the island of Réunion, in various places said to bear "regional" languages in France, Spain or Switzerland, in towns, in peasant and rural areas, in the forest. These narratives are staged by the investigation of personalist and pragmatist approach, the interview, the film, the recording, the drawing, the photography; then finally by installation and textual, physical and musical theatre, performed most of the time on Western stages. They participate in the co-construction of specific knowledge, here and elsewhere. The words, images and gestures wich we chose to stage strive to relay and study ecosocialities and cosmopolitics that are always recomposed. In this theater of singularities, these "indigenous" cosmopolitics are documented and indeed express themselves in situations of upheaval or ecological and cultural shifts, whether losses, disappearances, metamorphoses, brutal changes, landscape, language, body, user, cognitive inventions. A visual anthropology is constructed there
Reveret, Lionel. "Conception et évaluation d'un système de suivi automatique des gestes labiaux en parole." Grenoble INPG, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389380.
Lintner, Dorothee. "Avatars de l'épopée dans la geste rabelaisienne et les histoires comiques du 17e siecle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030187.
This dissertation focuses on the various uses of epic in Rabelais’ Books and in the comic novels of the XVIIth century (d’Aubigné, Sorel, Tristan L’Hermite, Scarron, Furetière). It attempts to go beyond the parodic interpretation commonly adopted by modern criticism towards this corpus, and to underline how these authors compete with the epic poets of that time (Ronsard, Chapelain etc.), as they try to renew the comic narrative. The first part of the study assesses the presence of epic features in the works: using a list of references and quotes, it strives towards a redefinition of heroism, as the paradigm appears in the texts. It then delves into the reasons why the authors so often refer to epic: as an efficient tool for their satiric discourses. The dissertation focuses on the sociological uses of epic that target political, religious and intellectual groups that appropriate epic models for their own purposes. Historians appear as privileged targets because they use epic to validate their historiographic projects, often imbued with nationalist and mythological tendencies. Finally, the work gauges the role of epic in the renewal of comic writing, as established by Rabelais, and continued by his epigones. This analysis sheds light on Rabelais’ reception in the XVIIth century, a topic that has scarcely been studied yet, and offers explanations for the lasting influence of these long comic and prosaic stories in the following centuries: adventure novels, swashbucklers and historical novels are some of the genres that may have taken advantage of the realistic and heroic innovations brought forth by these comic stories of a bygone age
Gauthier, Céline. "Une voix au chapitre : Paroles, discours et récits de gestes dans les écrits de danseurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. https://intranet-theses.unice.fr/2023COAZ2005.
This research focuses on the writing practices of contemporary dancers, through the study of a corpus made up of four works recently published by Dominique Dupuy (2011), Enora Rivière (2013), Myriam Lefkowitz (2015), and Noé Soulier (2016). Their publication manifests as much as it participates in a perceptual and aesthetic context, but also an institutional and editorial one which gives place to the voice of the artists. Indeed, these texts have in common to be elaborated from the words of the dancers, whether it is collected during interviews, drawn from a lecture performed or whether it is the reason by which the feeling is experienced. imaginary of a choreographic immediacy. Thus, the elaboration of these works engages for their authors a reflection on the values acquired by the verbalization as by the scription in the practices of dance. Because writing is respected as a transversal process, not judged textual, which introduced effects of gap in the relationship that the dancer maintains to the act of dance, we summon to analyze this corpus the thought of Derrida; this leads us to qualify the phenomena of embeddedness and differance affected by this corpus as relevant to “dancers' writings”. This makes it possible to question the function of these discourses, translated as speaking out against the doxa of a silence inherent in the scenic figure of the dancer: on the one hand, the writing bears witness to the experiences specific to the profession of dancer, and contributes to nourishing or even renewing the representations relating to their artistic and professional status. On the other hand, the publication of a bookish object requalifies the authorship of the dancer with regard to the choreographer as the works he interprets : this contributes to circumscribing a specific discursive regime, which we designate, following Foucault, as a “dancer-function” active in writing. Finally, our analysis considers the interactions between the enunciation of the gesture and the linguistic imagination, when the lexical and body morphology come to merge. Following three theoretical propositions (Godfroy, Louppe, Bernard) which postulate the reversibility of kinesic and semiotic experiences, we question the activity of reception of these works, when the analyzes seek to decelerate the imprint of a "gestuality to say”. Our hypothesis considers that this stems from a fictional mechanism, deployed both in the sensory process by which the dancers adopt a word about their dance and in the reading activity. This underlines the empathic functioning that supports our frequentation of textualities in dance; about the place occupied by literary and scriptural imaginaries in the elaboration of narratives of gestures, as well as in the emergence of metaphorical dynamics. These require the development of bodily logics (Bolens) that shape the corporeality of the dancer who is expressed as much as the narrative modalities by requiring it to be written. This study takes place at the crossroads of concerns carried by kinesic and linguistic analyses, according to a poietic approach which fits into numerous disciplinary, artistic and methodological interactions between dance studies and literary studies
Roy, Johanna-Pascale. "Etude de la perception des gestes anticipatoires d'arrondissement par les sourds et les malentendants." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20027.
The present work is a contribution to studies on anticipation in speech, in the visual perception domain. Production of these anticipatory gestures by two French speakers is analysed using X-ray and kinematic data for V1CV2 and V1CnV2 sequences, in order to examine the timing of labial anticipation and its expansion. V1 could be a rounded or an unrounded vowel, whereas V2 is always a rounded one. Our results show that anticipatory gestures are initiated within configurations related to the unrounded vowel and attain their maximum configurations at release of the plosive, during the VOT span. Moreover, our data do not confirm the predictions of principal models for anticipatory production, except those of the Movement Expansion Model. The perceptual efficiency of these gestures in the visual modality was tested using young hearing-impaired subjects and a control group of normally hearing subjects. The latter group also took part in a auditory perception test. Results confirm that visual and auditory perception of anticipatory gestures, follow their expansion. In the visual modality, the two groups correctly identified the rounded vowel at the same gate, but the hearing-impaired subjects obtained higher results. The speaker must obtain a minimum lip opening area threshold or a maximum protrusion threshold in order to allow the correct identification of the round vowel, independently of the duration between this event and the onset of the round vowel or the motor event. The auditory perception test shows that the round vowel can be perceived as from inflexion of the inferior limit of the preceding consonant frication noise
Mignard, Pierre. "Étude des gestes de communication et des pauses lors de la production de parole chez les patients parkinsoniens." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T078.
Nazari, Mohammad. "Modélisation biomécanique du visage : étude du contrôle des gestes orofaciaux en production de la parole." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716331.
Vellet, Joëlle. "Contribution à l'étude des discours en situation dans la tranmission de la danse : discours et gestes dansés dans le travail d'Odile Duboc." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082355.
This thesis focuses on discourses as they are produced in context during the transmission of dance. The aim is to study the articulation between discourse, practical knowledge and aesthetic production in dance, in the field of poetics. An anthropological approach to fieldwork was chosen to observe the work of the choreographer Odile Duboc. The methodology included participant observation, video documentation, and formal and informal interviews including simple auto-confrontational techniques during which the choreographer explicated her own actions during their video replay. The results of the study enabled us to categorise the principal functions of discourse, and to understand how discourses enable the choreographer to generate qualitative nuances and to gain access to the genesis of the gesture. Moreover, these discourses convey, during the choreographic process, an ethical dimension. By appropriating the other's gesture, the dancer constructs a form of empowerment, imbued with knowledge and autonomy
Cathiard, Marie-Agnès. "La perception visuelle de l'anticipation des gestes vocaliques : cohérence des évènements audibles et visibles dans le flux de la parole." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE29052.
This thesis deals with the perception of anticipation for the two visible dimensions of the vowel-tovowel syllabic modulation : i. E. Rounding (i-y) and height (i-a). The first part consists of a thorough review of the literature on audiovisual speech perception (mainly the recovery of invariants and sound sight desynchronisation) and on the production and the perception of the coarticulation phenomenon. The second part evaluates visual perception of the rounding gesture along acoustic pauses. Rounding can thus be visually identified up to 210 ms before the sound. The identification boundary - its date and its slope - depends on articulatory anticipation. But on the same signal, this phenomenon is robust for different experimental conditions (view angle : front vs. Profile ; presentation of static images vs. Dynamic sequences) : a meximum variation of 40 ms is observed on boundaries, differences appearing only in the transition phase, but not on target positions. A motion benefit (30 ms at best) is obtained only for front view, profile ones (static and dynamic) giving the best performances. Our interpretation draws near to the shape from motion processing : movement is useful to recover shape only when this shape is undersampled or not optimally profected, as it is the case for rounding in front views (vs. Profile ones). The third part of the thesis explores the coherence of audiovisual flow by reducing the natural delay of audio relative to the visual speech signal. The major result, obtained finally for rounding and height anticipation, is that identification scores do not decrease as long as the sound does not come ahead of the visual boundary. When it precedes this boundary, a majority of subjects experience conflict or are illusioned by vision. Thus the overall conclusion put emphasis on configurational vs. Timing constraints in speech
Martinez, Gonzalez Rocio Noemi Martha. "K'in tajimol : danse, musique, gestes et parole comme mémoire rituelle : une analyse du carnaval maya-tsotsil à San Pedro Chenalho et Polho, Chiapas-Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0518.
The ritual of K'in tajimol, or ritual of games, is a five-day ritual marking the beginning and the end of the year in the Maya Tsotsil agrarian calendar. It takes place in a region called Altos of Chiapas in two communities of opposite political sensibility with San Pedro Chenalho the official governmental community and San Pedro Polho an autonomous Zapatista community. They share the same territory but not the same political and social organization. In 1996, Polho recreated the K'in tajimol as a ritual to help preserve memory against oblivion. My approach to this traditional ceremony endeavors to deepen the comprehension of a "complex ritual" articulating different spaces, gestures, words, images, and music. I try to demonstrate the different ways and functions of ritual memory and its multiple temporalities, anchored in the long history of the Maya peoples. The pragmatics of the ritual and analysis of "the sacrifice", games and different techniques of language deployed have been my source to understand how the Maya-Tsotsils have been able to give form and continuity to the dialogical and even contradictory exchanges, and reveal forms of domination and confrontation with "the other". I have tried to understand the relationship between memory and oblivion as well as with ritual, narrative, myth, and social memory. Here, the historical dimension has a great relevance. The successive ritualistic actions taking place during the five days of K'in tajimol echo events in the local, regional and national history. We cannot understand the K'in tajimol without replacing it within the context of an accumulation of historical intertwined with the present of the ritual
Julliard, André. "Gestes et paroles populaires du malheur : pratiques médicales magiques et sorcellerie dans les sociétés rurales contemporaines de la Bresse et du Bugey (Ain)." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H022.
Ethnographic study (1974-1984) of peasants, merchants, craftsmen, workers, etc. , owners and practitioners of secret and religious, magico-medical prayers ("gifts") which remove common ills such as warts, psoriasis, toothache, stomach ache, worms, burns, body aches, etc. . These "curers" or "removers of suffering and or evil" live and work in Bress (region of wooded plains, varied habitats, mixed agriculture-stock raising) and in Bugey (region of limestone plateaus in the southern Jura mountains, hamlet habitat, mixed agriculture-viticulture): two regions united in the actual French department of Ain. This study articulates around three principal themes : 1) a reflection upon the ethnographic process. Description of the alteration process which characterizes long term observation and dialogue between ethnologist and "informants". Definition of the coherence and homogeneity of the successive positions the ethnologist understood, interpreted and more less assumed in order to maintain the field-work relation. It was necessary to make these positions intelligible, not only to account for the data gathered and used, but also to inform the dialogue with other field sites. 2) An elaborate reflection, less about folk medical practice (medical anthropology), than about the possession and daily use of the "gift" (social anthropology), to cure within a village group. To this end, i propose and discuss several relationships: magical and empirical "gifts" (among "ramouteurs" manipulators of bone, joint and muscle), "gifts" and the transmission of knowledge, "gifts" and folk religion, "gifts" and popular perception of the human body, "gifts" and sorcery. 3) a reflection, finally, on the representations of sickness, of evil and of unhappiness. I have attempted to define how symbolic knowledge, contained in secret prayers, is rooted in the concrete, daily life of the local group whose members are both patients and practitioners. Immediate consequence: the analysis demonstrates that therapeutic performance and its result (both scientific and folk) repose less on perceptions of imbalance within or relevant to the biological body than they do on the possible imbalance within the social body caused by the forces of evil
Julliard, André. "Gestes et paroles populaires du malheur pratiques médicales magiques et sorcellerie dans les sociétés rurales contemporaines de la Bresse et du Bugey (Ain)." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599301d.
Burfin, Sabine. "L'apport des informations visuelles des gestes oro-faciaux dans le traitement phonologique des phonèmes natifs et non-natifs : approches comportementale, neurophysiologique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENS002/document.
During audiovisual speech perception, like in face-to-face conversations, we can takeadvantage of the visual information conveyed by the speaker's oro-facial gestures. Thisenhances the intelligibility of the utterance. The aim of this work was to determine whetherthis “audiovisual benefit” can improve the identification of phonemes that do not exist in ourmother tongue. Our results revealed that the visual information contributes to overcome thephonological deafness phenomenon we experience in an audio only situation (Study 1). AnERP study indicates that this benefit could be due to the modulation of early processing in theprimary auditory cortex (Study 2). The audiovisual presentation of non native phonemesgenerates a P50 that is not observed for native phonemes. The linguistic background affectsthe way we use visual information. Early bilinguals take less advantage of the visual cuesduring the processing of unfamiliar phonemes (Study 3). We examined the identificationprocesses of native plosive consonants with a gating paradigm to evaluate the differentialcontribution of auditory and visual cues across time (Study 4). We observed that theaudiovisual benefit is not systematic. Phoneme predictability depends on the visual saliencyof the articulatory movements of the speaker
Di, Pastena Angela. "Communication verbale et non verbale dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : une atteinte globale ou différenciée ?" Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30057/document.
Progressive and inexorable deficits in verbal communication skills in Alzheimer's patients disrupt their relationship with others, impinge their quality of life and that of their caregivers. This thesis aimed at considering whether, in cases of chronic deficits such as Alzheimer's disease, the impaired use of spoken language in these patients went hand in hand with an impaired production of co-verbal gestures. To inquire about this issue, we used a social interaction task, using pictorial material in order to reflect, in an ecological way, everyday life communication situations. Overall, we observed that if the verbal production of Alzheimer's patients is deficient, production of gestures related to speech is not impaired. The results are consistent with a differentiated impairment of verbal and gestural communication skills in patients and sets ground for investigating the existence of two parallel systems of communication that would interact with each other at different levels of message processing. Moreover, results suggest that patients suffering from severe disease can compensate lexical deficits by increasing their production of deictic gestures, rendering visible the verbal referent. Theoretical and clinical perspectives can be considered so that co-verbal gestures and non-verbal communication may constitute a therapeutic lever in the intervention provided to Alzheimer’s patients and their caregivers
Aboutabit, Noureddine. "Reconnaissance de la Langue Française Parlée Complété (LPC) : décodage phonétique des gestes main-lèvres." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270162.
Angot, Céline. "Gestes accomplis et paroles ouvrières : approche anthropologique du travail au plateau des Capucins à l'arsenal de Brest : culture ouvrière et savoir-faire entre mutations et patrimonialisation." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0046.
The project “Espace Penfeld” follows on the global development politics of Brest urban area. Owing to the current company DCNS restructurings and privatization as well as the progressive retrocession of certain military spaces in the community from Brest, three operational sites were identified within the framework of this mission: the Capucins industrial site is one of them. The city planning of this symbolic place offers the opportunity to value the metropolitan functions of Brest around economy, culture, research and housing environment. My thesis in ethnology participates in the process analysis of the local heritage valuation of this military-industrial site, the transition from an industrial to a cultural sphere. Today, my thesis shows the building of the «Arsenal culture» onto the Capucins industrial site under its cultural, social, and technical dimensions, using key concepts of ethnology as a frame of reference the rituals and the rites of passage. The study also allowed several in-depth studies namely: - The industrial landscape of the arsenal of Brest and its mutations. - The metallurgical factory construction of the Capucins industrial site. - The evolution of the working conditions and the labor-union events. - Statistical data collection with the aim of establishing the social and geographical origins of the apprentices working in the arsenal of Brest. - The influence of the arsenal over Brest political world. From now on, this project makes possible the valuation and the preservation of a piece of memory and history of the Capucins industrial site and the arsenal of Brest
Moreno, Torres Mayilin. "La relation gestes-parole dans la planification de la résolution du problème de la Tour de Hanoï chez des enfants, adolescents et adultes colombiens." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20111/document.
When we speak, we move our hands, we make gestures. Gestures help to communicate with others but also to better express our thoughts. Gestures and speech are two dimensions that are part of a unified system of communication based on shared cognitive representations: when a speaker produces a message, most of the information he wants to share is certainly conveyed by speech, but also by gestures (McNeil, 1992). Sometimes this information between gestures and speech is discordant. Goldin-Meadow and Garbert (2002) showed that when participants explain their resolution of the Tower of Hanoi task, the mismatch between the information conveyed by the gesture and the information transmitted orally, may occur either at key moments, indicating the ability to provide two problem-solving strategies, or at uncertain times, showing that participants are torn between several solving strategies. We conducted a study in Colombia among to 144 participants from two contrasting socio-economic backgrounds. The study of the development of planning through the gesture-speech "mismatch" remains understudied despite wide research conducted by Goldin-Meadow. We tried to fill this gap by examining the effects of age, socio-economic background and the complexity of the Tower of Hanoi task upon gesture-speech “mismatches” regarding explanations anticipating the resolution. Our results suggest the existence of an effect of the complexity of the task and limited age and socio-economic background effects
Beautemps, Denis. "Récupération des gestes de la parole à partir de trajectoires formantiques : identification de cibles vocaliques non-atteintes et modèles pour les profils sagittaux des consonnes fricatives." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0018.
Ferré, Gaëlle. "Ralations entre discours, intonation et gestualité en anglais britannique." Paris 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135076.
This work is a single-case study based on a conversation between two young British ladies recorded on a video. We first analyzed the constituents of the oral paragraph which has been defined by Morel and Danon-Boileau (1998), showing the links that exist between discourse, intonation and gestures. We come to the point that the structural and prosodical differences between English and French have an impact on gestures : since oral English globally keeps a harmonious syntactic structure as compared to oral French, some gestures such as gestures of discourse organization are rarely used by speakers. But then, the study of pauses, speaking turns and hyperparagraphs (larger units than the oral paragraph) shows that co-locution (the way speaking turns are managed) and co-énonciation (the speaker’s representation of his interlocutor’s way of thinking) are realized with the same prosodical and gestural marks, even though we notice some intercultural differences between the two languages
Aboutabit, Noureddine. "Reconnaissance de la Langue Française Parlée Complété (LPC) : décodage phonétique des gestes main-lèvres." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0153.
Cued Speech (CS) is a visual communication system that uses handshapes placed in different positions near the face, in combination with the natural speech lip-reading, to enhance speech perception from visual input for deaf people. In this system, the speaker moves his hand in close relation with speech. Handshapes are designed to distinguish among consonants whereas hand positions are used to distinguish among vowels. Due to the CS system, both manual and lip flows produced by the CS speaker carry a part of the phonetic information. This work presents at first a method for the automatic coding of the manual flow in term of CS hand positions and CS handshapes. Then the lip-shape classification of the vowels and the consonants is discussed. The labial flow is composed of the temporal variations of lip parameters extracted from the inner and the outer contours of the lips. This work will show how the distribution of lip parameters inside each group of CS hand positions allows vowel discrimination. A classification method based on Gaussian modeling is presented and results demonstrate a good performance of this classification (89% as test score). The vocalic context is taken into account in the case of the consonants, with the use of HMM for the modeling of the lip transition from the consonant towards the vowel (80 % as test scores in term of CV visemes). Finally, the modeling of the lip information and the coding of the manual flow are included in a “Master-Slave” fusion model for recognition of the vowels and the consonants in the CS context. The fusion model integrates the temporal constraints of the CS production and perception. This work is thus also a first contribution to the modeling of the CS system from the perceptive point of view
Magro, Elgar-Paul. "Décondensation et marques de formulation dans l’oral spontané (morphosyntaxe, intonation, regard et geste) : Étude d’un dialogue en français (2 jeunes femmes, Île-de-France, 25 ans)." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030173.
This research presents a morphosyntactical, intonational and gestural analysis of two phenomena inherent to spontaneous (not read) speech, namely decondensation and formulation. Drawing on the findings of previous studies, it seeks to elaborate interpretative hypotheses on the grounds of a corpus made of a 35-minute dialogue between two female friends from the Paris region. A complementary corpus (6 minutes of spontaneous narratives produced by two female inhabitants of Birkirkara (Malta), aged 23 and 82) was used to explore the decondensation phenomenon in spoken Maltese. In the first part of this thesis, a series of quantitative analyses on decondensation points out to certain tendencies, such as a massive presence of connectives and a frequency of occurrence of preambles that is inversely proportional to the number of their constituents. Differences between the two speakers have been noticed. A qualitative study shows that narrative sequences and certain coenunciative relations between the speakers are favourable to the occurrence of decondensation within the dialogue. The analysis of decondensation in Maltese suggests that this discursive phenomenon may not be exclusive to spoken French. The second part deals with formulation markers and looks closely at the behaviour of gaze and gesture during the occurrence of such markers. The majority of these markers in the corpus are not accompanied by gaze aversion from the speaker’s side. Formulation markers are also regularly accompanied by deictic gestures as well as gestures that show ongoing linguistic operations (capturing, cutting, shaping of successive referents)
Fantazi, Djaber. "Etude multimodale et sémiotique des capacités narratives enfantines à l'oral et à l'écrit." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENL021/document.
This study explores narrative capacities in oral and written production, among children aged 9 to11 years, schooled in 4th and 5th year of primary school. We know that these abilities, in children as in adults, are composed of two skills, one linguistics and the other nonlinguistic (co-speech gesture; punctuation in writing). The aim of this work is to study the paralinguistic features.In order to achieve this task, we compared the content of the information obtained from children's oral and written narratives. First, every child's language abilities were assessed using the Evaluation du Langage Oral test. Then, after watching a short cartoon presenting a mini-story, each child produced both an oral and a written narrative account of the story. We thus collected an audiovisual and heuristic corpus of 46 children. The two oral and written sets of narratives were transcribed and annotated on the following dimensions: syntax, narrative content, co-speech gesture and written text punctuation, using the ELAN software.Multimodal and semiotic analyses of pragmatic and discursive aspects of our data showed that some oral gestures and some writing punctuation participate, as well as linguistic components, in the expressiveness, framing and discursive structuring. These findings endorse previous knowledge in this field of research. They also showed that the higher the linguistic level of the children, the better the performance narrative, and closer are its achievements oral and written. Inversely, the better the performance narrative of the children and paralinguistic resources specialize in their own modality (gesture / punctuation) to improve the performance of the children.Our study refreshes our knowledge of child language and opens interesting perspectives. As for later language development, the discursive ability begins to settle at this age and is linked to children linguistic abilities. From an educational point of view, it appears that the ability to produce organized language in speech, although is a general capacity, specializing greatly depending on the modality in which it is updated. This finding has practical implications for the teaching of writing and educational activities related to it
Dohen, Marion. "Deixis prosodique multisensorielle : production et perception audiovisuelle de la focalisation contrastive en français." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370679.
Burger, Brice. "Fusion de données audio-visuelles pour l'interaction Homme-Robot." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494382.
Burger, Brice. "Fusion de données audio-visuelles pour l'interaction homme-robot." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/916/.
In the framework of assistance robotics, this PHD aims at merging two channels of information (visual and aiditive potentially avaible on a robot. The goal is ton complete and/ or conf rm data that an only channel could have supplied in order to perform advanced intatraction which goal is to interpret jointly speech gesture, in particular for the use of spatial references. In this thesis, we first de cribe the speech part of this work which consists in an embedded recognition and interpretation system for continuous speech. Then comes the vision part which is composed of a visual multi-target tracker that tracks, in 3D the head and the two hands of a human in front of the robot, and a second tracker for the head orientation. The outputs of these trackers are used to feed the gesture recognitive system described later. We continue with the description of a module dedicated to the fusion of the data outputs of these information sources in a probailistic framework. Last, we demonstrate the interest and feasibility of such a multimodal interface through some demonstrations on the LAAS-CNRS robots. All the modules described in this thesis are working in quasi-real time on these real robotic platforms
Wallez, Catherine. "Communication chez les primates non humains : étude des asymétries dans la production d'expressions oro-faciales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3123/document.
The study of oro-facial asymmetries offers an indirect and suitable index to determine the hemispheric specialization of the processes associated to socio-emotional communication in non-human primates. However, few studies have been made in this domain and the available theories in humans are in part contradictory. In order to contribute to this field, i.e., hemispheric specialization of cognitive and emotional processing in primates, four experimental studies have been carried out during this doctorate. Firstly, two methods have been used to assess oro-facial asymmetries in adult baboons (a morphometric one and a free viewing of chimeric faces). A right hemispheric specialization for negative emotions was noticed. A third study demonstrated for the first time a population-level hemispheric specialization for the production of emotions in infant macaques and baboons. A last study tested the robustness of previous findings in chimpanzees concerning differences of hemispheric lateralization patterns depending on the communicative function of the vocalizations: intentional (left hemisphere) vs emotional (right hemisphere). Results confirmed the previous conclusions and allowed to discuss hypotheses about the origin of the evolution of language (speech). These collective findings are discussed within the context of the phylogeny of hemispheric specialization mechanisms underlying verbal and nonverbal communication in humans
Tran, Thi-Anh-Xuan. "Acoustic gesture modeling. Application to a Vietnamese speech recognition system." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT023/document.
Speech plays a vital role in human communication. Selection of relevant acoustic speech features is key to in the design of any system using speech processing. For some 40 years, speech was typically considered as a sequence of quasi-stable portions of signal (vowels) separated by transitions (consonants). Despite a wealth of studies that clearly document the importance of coarticulation, and reveal that articulatory and acoustic targets are not context-independent, the view that each vowel has an acoustic target that can be specified in a context-independent manner remains widespread. This point of view entails strong limitations. It is well known that formant frequencies are acoustic characteristics that bear a clear relationship with speech production, and that can distinguish among vowels. Therefore, vowels are generally described with static articulatory configurations represented by targets in the acoustic space, typically by formant frequencies in F1-F2 and F2-F3 planes. Plosive consonants can be described in terms of places of articulation, represented by locus or locus equations in an acoustic plane. But formant frequencies trajectories in fluent speech rarely display a steady state for each vowel. They vary with speaker, consonantal environment (co-articulation) and speaking rate (relating to continuum between hypo- and hyper-articulation). In view of inherent limitations of static approaches, the approach adopted here consists in studying both vowels and consonants from a dynamic point of view.Firstly we studied the effects of the impulse response at the beginning, at the end and during transitions of the signal both in the speech signal and at the perception level. Variations of the phases of the components were then examined. Results show that the effects of these parameters can be observed in spectrograms. Crucially, the amplitudes of the spectral components distinguished under the approach advocated here are sufficient for perceptual discrimination. From this result, for all speech analysis, we only focus on amplitude domain, deliberately leaving aside phase information. Next we extent the work to vowel-consonant-vowel perception from a dynamic point of view. These perceptual results, together with those obtained earlier by Carré (2009a), show that vowel-to-vowel and vowel-consonant-vowel stimuli can be characterized and separated by the direction and rate of the transitions on formant plane, even when absolute frequency values are outside the vowel triangle (i.e. the vowel acoustic space in absolute values).Due to limitations of formant measurements, the dynamic approach needs to develop new tools, based on parameters that can replace formant frequency estimation. Spectral Subband Centroid Frequency (SSCF) features was studied. Comparison with vowel formant frequencies show that SSCFs can replace formant frequencies and act as “pseudo-formant” even during consonant production.On this basis, SSCF is used as a tool to compute dynamic characteristics. We propose a new way to model the dynamic speech features: we called it SSCF Angles. Our analysis work on SSCF Angles were performed on transitions of vowel-to-vowel (V1V2) sequences of both Vietnamese and French. SSCF Angles appear as reliable and robust parameters. For each language, the analysis results show that: (i) SSCF Angles can distinguish V1V2 transitions; (ii) V1V2 and V2V1 have symmetrical properties on the acoustic domain based on SSCF Angles; (iii) SSCF Angles for male and female are fairly similar in the same studied transition of context V1V2; and (iv) they are also more or less invariant for speech rate (normal speech rate and fast one). And finally, these dynamic acoustic speech features are used in Vietnamese automatic speech recognition system with several obtained interesting results
Daubresse, Louis. "Esthétique(s) du silence dans le cinéma contemporain : histoire, héritage et discontinuités." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA132.
In its broadest sense, silence is a polysemous and fluctuating concept, tending towards the idea of void and, at the same time, of plenitude. The concept of silence in cinema is frequently mentioned if not discussed, and seems to address a fundamental issue of the audiovisual language. It can be incarnated in different ways on screen, but systematically goes along with a reduction (when not a complete loss) of words, music and more rarely noises. More present than ever in some contemporary cinema, silence is represented by different figures, through different means (silent characters, disused places, rare and bland words, tensionless scenes lengthening). To study these figures, we first have to examine - through an archeological approach - the origins of silence in cinema, its aesthetical evolution in talking movies (especially in genre films and modern films). Then, we will be able to discern the poetical and political issues in the contemporary fictions of Sharunas Bartas, Pedro Costa, Béla Tarr or Tsaï Ming-liang. Therefore, the invisible presence in these films would be seen, listened to, then unveiled. Silence directly acts on the rhythm of these films, strengthening the duration feeling and generating the idea of time dilatation. In the same way it can be responsible for the emergence of some melancholia or vacuity. We will finally be able to wonder if silence implies a resistance in regards to the state of things, if it puts forwards a new relationship to the world and if it invites us to look towards a post-catastrophic time where words would be nothing but bland. Could we find out an anthropological, critical and historical dimension of silence through its dramatization ?
Reveret, Lionel. "CONCEPTION ET EVALUATION D'UN SYSTEME DE SUIVI AUTOMATIQUE DES GESTES LABIAUX EN PAROLE." Phd thesis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389380.
Attina, Virginie. "La Langue Française Parlée Complétée: Production et Perception." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00384080.