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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Paroi cellulaire – métabolisme"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Paroi cellulaire – métabolisme"
Nawrotek, Agata, and Jacqueline Cherfils. "Une moisson de nouvelles structures de mTORC1." médecine/sciences 37, no. 4 (April 2021): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021033.
Повний текст джерелаGONDRET, F., and J. F. HOCQUETTE. "La teneur en lipides de la viande : une balance métabolique complexe." INRAE Productions Animales 19, no. 5 (December 14, 2006): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.5.3499.
Повний текст джерелаHERMIER, D. "Modifications du cholestérol et des acides gras de l’oeuf : bases physiologiques et nutritionnelles." INRAE Productions Animales 7, no. 4 (September 27, 1994): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1994.7.4.4172.
Повний текст джерелаGAGAOUA, Mohammed, Claudia TERLOUW, and Brigitte PICARD2. "Apport de la protéomique à la découverte de biomarqueurs pour l’étude de la couleur de la viande bovine." INRAE Productions Animales, November 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2021.34.3.4899.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Paroi cellulaire – métabolisme"
Méry, Alexandre. "Métabolisme des glycannes pariétaux impliqués dans les relations hôte-pathogène : étude sur les genres Candida et Mycobacterium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S116.
Повний текст джерелаThe glycans are essential actors of the host-pathogen connections that are established during the infection and the influence of these complex compounds is far from being elucidated. In this project, these interactions were studied by focusing on glycans from two major pathogenic organisms for humans, namely Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans. On one side, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes human tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death in the world linked to a single pathogen and the emergence of multi-resistant strains has highlighted the urgent need of new drug targets. In this context, our work focused on the research of glycosidases involved in the catabolism of the mycobacterial cell wall and more particularly of arabinogalactan (AG), which represents a very little documented side of mycobacterial cell wall biology for the moment. The investigations allowed us to identify an exo-galactofuranohydrolase but also, in the context of this thesis, a galactose mutarotase involved in the recycling of galactose from the galactan chain of AG following the action of the first enzyme. On the other hand, Candida albicans has been studied in the context of invasive candidiasis (IC) encountered mainly in intensive care units. This fungal infection is very worrying because mortality rates remain extremely high due to an early diagnosis that is sorely lacking. Indeed, the gold standard used for their diagnosis is the blood culture but it is only positive in 50 % of cases. Other diagnostic tests have been developed by targeting Candida cell wall components such as β-D-1,3 glucans or mannan, but they represent an exorbitant cost for hospitals and are very heterogeneous in term of performance. It is therefore in this context that we participated in the development of an IC diagnostic test based on mass spectrometry analysis and quantification of a serum disaccharide derived from the metabolism of C. albicans glycans. Different local but also European cohorts have been set up to study the performance of this new test. A more fundamental side also highlighted trehalose as the disaccharide found in the sera of infected patients
Cuello, Clément. "Vers l'élaboration d'un modèle de construction des parois secondaires des fibres de bois chez le peuplier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2021. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2021ORLE3118_va.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTrees are able to grow high et survive many years thanks to their wood properties. Wood delivers three major functions in trees : (i) water conduction, (ii) mechanical support et (iii) nutrient storage. In Angiosperm trees, vessels, fibers et parenchyma rays are respectively assigned to these functions, each of them following their own development scheme. Cell wall composition et structure varies greatly depending on cell type, developmental stage et environmental conditions. This complexity therefore represents a hindrance to study the molecular mechanisms of wood formation. However, this can be circumvented by the development of cell-specific approaches.This work aims at characterizing fiber development, focusing on their secondary cell wall, developing cell-specific methods et integrative analysis at the cell level. Development of ATR-FTIR hyperspectral imaging enabled to finely characterize differences in cell wall composition between cell types in a tree et within cell types in different types of wood. Transcriptomics data obtained by RNA-Seq of microdissected fibers et rays gave rise to major differences in the transcriptome of these two cell types. Combining both kind of result led to the identification of key players in fibers development. Hence, this work opens up new research hypothesis, which could lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wood fiber development, including from a dynamic perspective
Chavez, Montes Ricardo Aaron. "Caractérisation de mutants et transformants d'alpha -L-arabinofuranosidase chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/290/.
Повний текст джерелаAlpha-L-arabinofuranosidases (arabinofuranosidases) are a group of glycosylhydrolases that participate in the remodelling of plant cell walls. Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity is defined as the hydrolysis of terminal, nonreducing alpha-L-arabinofuranoses. However, despite the simplicity of this definition, the in planta substrate(s) for arabinofuranosidases and, therefore, their role in plant physiology, have remained unknown to this day. During this PhD we undertook the charaterization of two family 51 Arabidopsis genes, annotated "alpha-L-abinofuranosidase", At3g10740 (ARAF1) and At5g26120 (ARAF2). ARAF1 and ARAF2 are expressed in particular cell types, including vascular tissues such as phloem, cambium and metaxylem parenchyma. Cell wall analysis from mutant and transformant plants showed that pectic arabinan, and not arabinogalactan proteins arabinan nor arabinoxylan, is an ARAF1 substrate. Finally, the phenotypes observed for ARAF1 and ARAF2 mutants and transformants suggest that arabinofuranosidases participate not only in cell wall remodelling, but also in carbon partition regulation, UDPsugar synthesis regulation and adaptation of plants to their environment
Duran, Garzon Catalina. "Interaction entre la photosynthèse et le métabolisme pariétal chez le maïs en réponse au froid." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаChilling may affect maize during early seedling growth by altering physiological process including photosynthesis and cell wall properties, leading to a biomass reduction. In our study, we investigated the photosynthetic variations and cell wall modifications in maize in response to a long chilling exposure. For this purpose, maize lines contrasted for these traits were selected and characterized using physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic approaches. A lignin deficient maize natural mutant F2bm3 developed a strategy to enhance its tolerance to chilling by increasing chlorophylle a, violaxanthine, cell wall bound hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA). HCA could reinforce the cell wall structure but also function as photoprotector. Two other lines CT and CS were investigated. Under chilling exposure, CS displayed a strong reduction in growth compared to CT. Chilling tolerance in CT was associated with higher chlorophyll content and a greater carbon partitioning. Like the first pair, we observed non-significant changes in cell wall composition in both lines and there was no correlation between the cell wall sugars and the nucleotides sugars contents. A strong accumulation of ADP-Glc, GDP-Man and a high content of UDP-Glc observed in CS, could be putative signaling molecules of programmed cell death
Xu, Fan. "Le rôle du métabolisme des pectines dans le contrôle du pH et de la rhéologie de la paroi." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS019.
Повний текст джерелаPectin, a matrix component in the primary cell wall, plays a role in controlling cell wall porosity, cell elongation and cell adhesion and constitutes an important factor in plant development. The demethylesterification of homogalacturonan (HG), the most abundant pectic polymer, has vast consequences on the mechanical properties of the cell wall, and affects developmental processes such as stomata opening, organ initiation and anisotropic cell growth. HG is selectively demethylesterified in muro by pectin methylesterases (PME), which in turn can be inhibited by endogenous PME inhibitor proteins (PMEIs). Demethylesterified HG is thought to form Ca²⁺-pectate complexes, which contribute to wall stiffening, but recent evidence suggest that it can also promote cell wall loosening and expansion, through a so far unknown mechanism. In this study I addressed this paradox by investigating the link between pectin metabolism, cell wall pH and extensibility. To this end I developed and used genetic and pharmacological tools for the in vivo manipulation of PME activity. I generated inducible overexpression lines for two distinct PMEIs, which unfortunately were not functional. I also produced PMEI3 from Arabidopsis in a yeast and showed that the protein displayed an inhibiting activity on a broad range of PMEs. In addition, I developed and used tools to monitor the cell surface pH. In addition to using existing genetically-encoded ratiometric apoplastic pH sensors, I also tried to generate similar sensors targeted to the cell wall. Using these tools I then studied the impact of changes in pectin methylesterification on the cell wall pH and cell expansion. I discovered that a chemical inhibitor of PME, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), promoted an increase in apoplastic pH (pHApo) in root cells, independently from the inhibition of the H⁺-ATPase, and triggered root growth inhibition and abnormal cell shape. Exogenous PMEI3 application also inhibited root growth. In addition, PME application caused a decrease in pHApo and enhanced root growth. Interestingly, long-term induction of PMEI5 could reduce pHApo, consistent with the previously described activation of brassinosteroid signaling causing a compensatory increase in PME activity. Together, my study provides evidence that HG demethylesterification leads to a decrease in pHApo and an increase in cell growth in the Arabidopsis root. Our results support the view that the negatively charged pectate can sequester protons and thus may contribute to the activation of cell wall loosening proteins and cell growth
Addi, Mohamed. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'une beta-xylosidase de lin (Linum usitatissimum L.) : rôle(s) potentiel(s) dans le métabolisme pariétal." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10097/document.
Повний текст джерелаFlax (Linum usitatissimum) has been a source of high quality fibers (bast fibers) for several thousand years. The fibers are currently used in the textile industry but also increasingly in the fabrication of composites. The interesting mechanical properties of these bast fibers depend upon the structure and chemical composition of their cell walls. ln order to improve our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying cell wall formation in flax fibers we produced ESTs from outer tissues, rich in fibers. Functional classification of ESTs allowed the identification of sequences coding a potential beta-xylosidase (LuBXL1). LuBXL1 down-regulated (IR-PTGS) plants did not show any visible phenotype. However, microscopie analysis suggested that down-regulation could have affected xylem cell wall structure. Enzymatic Fingerprinting indicated a relative increase in the relative quantity of the XXXG oligoxyloglucans in stem inner tissues of down-regulated lines, together with a relative decrease in the quantity of certain oligoxylans. These observations suggest that the down-regulation of LuBXL1 in flax is associated with modifications in cell wall hemicelluloses
Chabi, Malika. "Approches transcriptomique et protéomique pour étudier les rôles de l’environnement et du génotype sur le métabolisme pariétal chez le lin." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10206/document.
Повний текст джерелаFlax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is grown for its cellulose-rich bast fibers used in the textile industry and for reinforcing composite materials. Fiber “quality” depends partly on the structure of the cell wall and we have therefore tried to obtain a better understanding of the different factors that can influence the structure of flax cell walls. We firstly confirmed the use of a new Nimblegen microarray changing from a system based on short (25-mer) oligonucleotides to a system based on long oligonucleotides (60 mers). A proteomics approach was then used and allowed us to identify 1,242 non-redundant proteins of which 410 could be related to cell wall metabolism. In parallel we demonstrated the presence of xyloglucan hemicelluloses in flax fiber cell walls and identified an important paralogy in the IIIA XTH (xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase) family potentially implicated in the formation/structuration of the flax fiber cell wall. Then a transcriptomic and proteomic comparison between different field-grown flax varieties (spring fiber, winter fiber, winter oil) over 2 consecutive years allowed us to identify 659 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) at the variety level, and 1,571 genes at the environmental level. A non-negligible number of these genes is involved in cell wall metabolism thereby providing some initial clues allowing a link to be made between variety and quality. This study also underlined the potential importance of the XTH protein in flax cell wall metabolism. The role of the environment on cell wall metabolism was further explored in a study aiming to dissect the impact of drought stress on the transcriptomes of 3 vegetative organs (stem, leaf, root). Preliminary analyses identified an important number of DEGs involved in the biosynthesis and remodeling of several cell wall polymers
Lallemand, Benjamin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes impliqués dans le développement du pollen chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ076/document.
Повний текст джерела.onferes a high degree of resistance to various mechanical and chemical stresses. During the evolution, this properties enabled the plant to adapat to land conditions. We caracterized two Polyketide Sythases (PKSA and PKSB) and two Tetraketide -pyrone Reductases (TKPR1 and TKPR2). By immunolocalisation, in situ hybridization and microscopy analysis we showed those proteins are involved in the pollen wall synthesis.We investigated the in vitro activity of the recombinant proteins and showed that the two PKS catalyzed the condensation of 2 or 3 malonyl-CoA with various fatty acid CoA esters, producing the corresponding tri and tetraketides. We also demonstrated that the tetraketides produced by PKS were substrates of the TKPR1 and TKPR2. In vitro, they reduced the cetone function of the lateral chain to a secondary alcohol forming hydroxylated compounds involved in the polymerization of sporopollenin.In tapetum cells, the synthesis of sporopollenin monomers is achieved in a few hours. To explain the underlying metabolic rate, I studied the cellular organization of the metabolic pathway. By immunodetection and GFP fusion experiments I localized PKSA, PKSB and TKPR1 to the endoplasmic reticulum while TKPR2 was mainly cytosolic. Then, interaction studies by HIS pull-down, FLIM-FRET and double hybride experiments showed the occurrence of a metabolon localized to the ER. Finally, by phylogenetic analysis, we showed the conservation of the genes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway, from mosses to higher plants
Delangle, Aurélie. "Contribution à l'analyse du pouvoir pathogène d'Erwinia chrysanthemi." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-81.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRomero, Guido Cynthia. "Etude des mécanismes physiologiques et moléculaires permettant la prise en charge des substrats hydrophobes par la levure Yarrowia lipolytica au niveau pariétal." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825481.
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