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Seror, R., G. Baron, M. Camus, D. Cornec, E. Perrodeau, S. J. Bowman, M. Bombardieri, et al. "OP0286 DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION OF THE SJÖGREN’S TOOL FOR ASSESSING RESPONSE (STAR): A CONSENSUAL COMPOSITE SCORE FOR ASSESSING TREATMENT EFFECT IN PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 189.2–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundToday, there are still no DMARDs licensed for primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) patients. Among the explanations, are the limitations of current outcome measures used as primary endpoints: e.g; high placebo response rate, evaluation of either symptoms or systemic activity, and important features not being assessed. The NECESSITY consortium (https://www.necessity-h2020.eu/), including pSS experts from academia, pharmaceutical industry and patient groups formed to develop a new composite responder index, the Sjögren’s Tool for Assessing Response (STAR) that solve the issues of current outcome measures in pSS and is intended for use in clinical trials as an efficacy endpoint.ObjectivesTo develop a composite responder index in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS): the STAR.MethodsTo develop the STAR, the NECESSITY consortium used data-driven methods, based on 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and consensus techniques, involving 78 experts and 20 patients. Based on reanalysis of rituximab trials (TRACTISS and TEARS) and literature review, the Delphi panel identified a core set of domains to include in the STAR, with their respective outcome measures. STAR options combining these domains were designed and proposed to the panel to select and improve them. For each STAR option, sensitivity to change was estimated by the C-index (derived from Effect size) in all 9 RCTs. Delphi rounds were run for selecting STAR among these options. The Delphi panel also voted to classify trials as positive, negative or “in between” in regards to primary but also key secondary endpoints. For the options remaining before the final vote, meta-analyses of the RCTs were performed separately for positive and “in between” trials together, and for negative trials.ResultsThe Delphi panel identified 5 core domains (systemic activity, patient symptoms, lachrymal gland function, salivary gland function and biological parameters), and 227 STAR options, combining these domains, were selected to be tested for sensitivity to change. After two Delphi rounds, meta-analyses of the 20 remaining options were performed. The candidate STAR was selected by a final vote based on metrological properties and clinical relevance. In positive/in between trials, candidate STAR detected a difference between arms (OR 3.29, 95%-CI [2.07;5.22], whereas it did not in negative trials (OR 1.53, 95%-CI [0.81;2.91]).ConclusionThe candidate STAR is a composite responder index, including in a single tool all main disease features, and is designed for use as a primary endpoint in pSS RCTs. Its rigorous and consensual development process ensures its face and content validity. The candidate STAR showed good sensitivity and specificity to change. The candidate STAR will be prospectively validated in a dedicated three arms RCT of the NECESSITY consortium that will evaluate combination of synthetic DMARDs (hydroxychloroquine + lefunomide or hydroxychloroquine + mycophenolate vs placebo). We encourage the use of STAR in any ongoing and future trials.Table 1.Candidate STARDomainPointDefinition of responseSystemic activity3Decrease of clinESSDAI ≥ 3Patient reported outcome3Decrease of ESSPRI ≥ 1 point or ≥ 15%Lachrymal gland function1Schirmer:If abnormal score at baseline: increase ≥ 5 mm from baselineIf normal score at baseline: no change to abnormalOrOcular Staining Score:If abnormal score at baseline: decrease ≥ 2 points from baselineIf normal score at baseline: no change to abnormalSalivary gland function1Unstimulated Whole Salivary Flow:If score > 0 at baseline: increase ≥ 25% from baselineIf score is 0 at baseline: any increase from baselineorUltrasound:Decrease ≥ 25% in total Hocevar score from baselineBiological1Serum IgG levels: decrease ≥ 10%orRheumatoid Factor levels: decrease ≥ 25%Candidate STAR responder≥ 5 pointsESSDAI: EULAR Sjögren syndrome disease activity index; ESSPRI: EULAR Sjögren syndrome patient reported index; IgG: Immunoglobulin G;AcknowledgementsNECESSITY WP5 STAR development participants: Suzanne Arends (University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands), Francesca Barone (Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK), Albin Björk (Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden), Coralie Bouillot (Association Française du Gougerot Sjögren et des Syndromes Secs, France), Guillermo Carvajal Alegria (University of Brest, Inserm, CHU de Brest, LBAI, UMR1227, Brest, France; Service de Rhumatologie, Centre de Référence Maladies Autoimmunes Rares CERAINO, CHU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France), Wen-Hung Chen (GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA), Kenneth Clark (GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom), Konstantina Delli (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, The Netherlands), Salvatore de Vita (Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital of Udine, Italy), Liseth de Wolff (University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands), Jennifer Evans (Novartis Pharmaceuticals corporation USA), Stéphanie Galtier (Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (IRIS), Suresnes Cedex, France), Saviana Gandolfo (Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical area, University of Udine, ASUFC, 33100 Udine, Italy), Mickael Guedj (Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (IRIS), Suresnes Cedex, France), Dewi Guellec (CHU de Brest, Service de Rhumatologie, Inserm, CIC 1412, Brest, France), Safae Hamkour (Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 GA, Netherlands), Dominik Hartl (Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland), Malin Jonsson (Section for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway), Roland Jonsson (Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway), Frans Kroese (University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands), Aike Albert Kruize (University Medical Center Utrecht, Department Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, Netherlands), Laurence Laigle (Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (IRIS), Suresnes Cedex, France), Véronique Le Guern (AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, Paris, France), Wen-Lin Luo (Department of Biometrics and Statistical Science, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey), Esther Mossel (University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands), Wan-Fai Ng (Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK), Gaëtane Nocturne (Department of Rheumatology, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1184: Centre for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France), Marleen Nys (Global Biometric Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Braine L’Alleud, Belgium), Roald Omdal (Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway), Jacques-Olivier Pers (LBAI, UMR1227, University of Brest, Inserm, Brest, France and CHU de Brest, Brest, France), Maggy Pincemin (Association Française du Gougerot Sjögren et des Syndromes Secs, France), Manel Ramos-Casals (Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Institut Clinic de Medicinai Dermatologia, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain), Philippe Ravaud (Centre d’Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France), Neelanjana Ray (Global Drug Development - Immunology, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA), Alain Saraux (HU de Brest, Service de Rhumatologie, Univ Brest, Inserm, UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx IGO, Brest, France), Athanasios Tzioufas (Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical area, University of Udine, ASUFC, 33100 Udine, Italy), Gwenny Verstappen (University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands), Arjan Vissink, Marie Wahren-Herlenius (Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). We thank the following experts: Esen Karamursel Akpek, Alan Baer, Chiara Baldini, Elena Bartoloni, Marí-Alfonso Begona, Johan Brun, Vatinee Bunya, Laurent Chiche, Troy Daniels, Paul Emery, Robert Fox, Roberto Giacomelli, John Gonzales, John Greenspan, Robert Moots, Susumu Nishiyama, Elizabeth Price, Christophe Richez, Caroline Shiboski, Roser Solans Laque, Muthiah Srinivasan, Peter Olsson, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Frederick Vivino, Paraskevi Voulgari, Daniel Wallace, Ava Wu, Wen Zhang. We thank the anonymous patients from the NECESSITY Patient Advisory Group and the Sjögren Foundation for their valuable contribution to the Delphi process. We thank EW StClair and AN Baer who generated the baminercept data and made them publicly available.Disclosure of InterestsRaphaèle Seror Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer, Janssen and Novartis, Grant/research support from: GlaxoSmithKline and Amgen, Gabriel Baron: None declared, Marine Camus: None declared, Divi Cornec Consultant of: GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Amgen, Pfizer and Roche, Elodie Perrodeau: None declared, Simon J. Bowman Consultant of: Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Galapagos and Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Michele Bombardieri Consultant of: UCB, Amgen/Medimmune, Janssen, and GlaxoSmithKline, Grant/research support from: Amgen/Medimmune, Janssen, and GlaxoSmithKline, Hendrika Bootsma: None declared, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Novartis, MSD, CSL-Behring and Genzyme, Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, Benjamin Fisher Speakers bureau: Bristol Myers Squibb and Novartis, Consultant of: Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen and Servier, Grant/research support from: Servier, Galapagos and Janssen, Wolfgang Hueber Shareholder of: Novartis Pharma, Employee of: Novartis Pharma, Joel van Roon: None declared, Valerie Devauchelle-Pensec: None declared, Peter Gergely Shareholder of: Novartis Pharma, Employee of: Novartis Pharma, Xavier Mariette Consultant of: Bristol Myers Squibb, Galapagos, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Ose Pharmaceuticals, Raphaël Porcher: None declared
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Benamou, P. H. "Congrès annuel SFMCP 2010 Paris — Hôtel Novotel Vaugirard, Paris-XV, France." Médecine et Chirurgie du Pied 27, no. 1 (January 22, 2011): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10243-010-0305-5.
Повний текст джерела
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Pust, Hans-Christian. "Ausstellung „Orages de Papier“ in Paris." WLBforum 12, no. 2 (October 15, 2010): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/wlbf.v12i2.395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Am 26. Oktober 2010 wurde in Paris die Ausstellung „Orages de Papier – La Grande Guerre des médias“ eröffnet. Die Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte hat diese Ausstellung zusammen mit der Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg (BNU), der Bibliothèque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine (BDIC) in Paris-Nanterre und der Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) erarbeitet. Alle vier Institutionen haben zu der Ausstellung Exponate aus ihren Kriegssammlungen beigesteuert, die im Ersten Weltkrieg angelegt wurden. Die Ausstellung war 2008 und 2009 schon in Straßburg und in Stuttgart zu sehen. In Paris wird sie in den Ausstellungsräumen der BDIC im Hôtel National des Invalidesgezeigt.
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Liautard, Marc, Céline Deguette, Elizabeth Alcaraz, Hélène Diot, Patricia Vasseur, Charlotte Gorgiard, and Laurène Dufayet. "Male Victims of Rape: An Observational Study over Four Years in Paris, France." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sexual violence is a common and under-reported form of violence that affects all categories of individuals. We sought to provide epidemiological data on men aged 15 years and over, victims of rape or suspecting a rape, and who reported it to the police. We conducted a retrospective study at the Department of Forensic Medicine of Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France, between 2018 and 2021. Two-hundred men were included in the study, with an average age of 28.8 years. A vulnerability was mentioned for 17.5% of them. Most of the patients reported anal penetration, committed by a single male assailant, whom they met on the day of the assault. More than 60% of the patients reported the voluntary consumption of alcohol and/or illicit substances prior to the assault. Most patients were examined shortly after the assault (median 1 day). Anal lesions were found on examination in 37.0% of patients reporting anal penetration regardless of the time frame. The presence of anal lesions was statistically higher when patients were examined within 48 h. Our results reinforce the data in the literature on the risk factors associated with sexual violence among men, notably the consumption of alcohol and illicit substances, and psychological, economic, and social vulnerability.
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Lawrence Larkin, T. "Marie-Antoinette and the Image of Moral Instruction." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 86, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 368–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2023-3005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Long attributed to François-Hubert Drouais or his atelier, a three-quarter length portrait of Marie-Antoinette, together with a curiously inscribed frame, displayed in the lobby of the Hôtel Le Bristol, Paris, serves as a pretext for reconstructing the queen’s practice of gifting portraits of herself to members of her chapel. This essay explores Marie-Antoinette’s tendency in the early part of her reign to entrust the production of portraits to the Cabinet des tableaux. It argues on the basis of stylistic analysis that the Le Bristol portrait was probably the work of Jean-Martial Frédou and on the basis of iconographical analysis that it accommodated the quarrel between philosophes and clerics over reform of the Catholic Church in France, which made it suited to Monsignor du Chilleau, Bishop of Chalon.
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Davies, Helen M. "Living with asthma in 19th-century France: The doctor, Armand Trousseau, and the patient, Emile Pereire." Journal of Medical Biography 28, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017741763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major advances in the French medical system following the French Revolution have stimulated a rich historiography of which Michel Foucault’s Naissance de la clinique: une archéologie du regard médical (1963) and Erwin H. Ackerknecht’s Medicine at the Paris Hospital, 1794–1848 (1967) are of lasting significance. Changes in the organisation and structure of hospitals accompanied the development and availability of new medical technologies and procedures and encouraged a more intense study of the aetiology and pathology of disease. Theories about asthma and its treatment profited from this dynamic environment as Classical Greek doctrines about the effect of the humours on bodily imbalance gave way to an increasingly more precise understanding of the nature and cause of asthma. The clinician and teacher, Armand Trousseau (1801–1867), who held the chair of Clinical Medicine at the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris and was himself an asthmatic, promoted new theories about the illness and developed innovative ways of dealing with its effects. Among his patients was the banker and financier, Emile Pereire (1800–1875), a lifelong asthmatic. Based on the Pereire Family Archives (hereafter AFP), the case of Emile Pereire provides a preface to the later case of that other, more famous, asthmatic, Marcel Proust.
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Marques, Serge, Laurène Dufayet, and Céline Deguette. "Prévalence, conséquences des mutilations sexuelles féminines chez les demandeuses d’asile en Île-de-France et caractéristiques sociodémographiques." Santé Publique Vol. 35, no. 2 (August 2, 2023): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spub.232.0115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction : Une Mutilation Sexuelle Féminine (MSF) est une intervention sur les organes génitaux sans justification médicale. En France, un octroi d’asile est possible pour les mineures à risque de MSF dans leur pays d’origine. La procédure prévoit un examen médico-légal de l’enfant. But de l’étude : Décrire la prévalence des MSF et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des mineures et de leurs mères examinées à l’UMJ de l’Hôtel-Dieu à Paris. Résultats : Entre 2018 et 2021, 2 422 entretiens de famille ont été réalisés. Les mères étaient majoritairement originaires de Côte d’Ivoire, du Mali et de la Guinée Conakry. Des MSF ont été mises en évidence chez 84,4 % des 1 838 femmes examinées, majoritairement de type IIb. Les mères rapportaient des complications immédiates (21,2 % : hémorragie, douleurs) et à long terme (31,8 % : troubles sexuels, complications obstétricales). Les familles comportaient souvent plusieurs enfants, 3 307 mineures ont été examinées. Elles étaient majoritairement nées en France (72 %). Une MSF a été objectivée chez 61 d’entre elles (1,8 %, majoritairement de type IIb) ; elle était déjà connue de la famille dans la moitié des cas. Trois de ces mineures étaient nées en Europe. Conclusions : Les MSF sont un problème de santé publique à l’échelle mondiale mais également en France du fait des parcours migratoires. Cette étude descriptive a permis de réaliser un premier état des lieux médical des MSF chez les demandeuses d’asile reçues à l’UMJ Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, et des difficultés au diagnostic de MSF. D’autres études seraient utiles pour corroborer et comparer nos résultats.
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Vin, F., A. Chabanel, A. Taccoen, J. Ducros, J. Gruffaz, B. Hutinel, P. Maillet, and M. Samama. "Double-Blind Trial of the Efficacy of Troxerutin in Chronic Venous Insufficiency." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 9, no. 2 (June 1994): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559400900207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of troxerutin in chronic venous insufficiency. Design: Randomized, double-blind, multicentre, prospective controlled trial. Setting: Hôtel Dieu Hospital and Notre Dame de Bon Secours Hospital, Paris, France. Patients: Sixty-nine patients with truncal varicose veins. Intervention: After a single-blind 15-day placebo run-in period, one group ( n = 34) received troxerutin 3500 mg daily for 2 months. The other group ( n = 35) received a placebo. Main outcome measures: Subjective symptoms, ankle circumference, venous refilling time with photoplethysmography, erythrocyte aggregation using the SEFAM aggregameter and fibrinogen level. Results: Leg aching ( p < 0.001) and venous function score ( p < 0.001) improvements were significantly higher in the troxerutin group (83% and −3.7) compared with the placebo group (23% and −0.7). A significant difference in favour of troxerutin was found for erythrocyte aggregation kinetic indexes ( p < 0.001) and dissociation threshold ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study confirmed the dual action of the drug: a parietal effect and a rheological effect.
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Giraud, Fabienne, Bernard Courtinat, Jean-Pierre Garcia, François Baudin, François Guillocheau, Gilles Dromart, François Atrops, and Claude Collete. "Palynofacies and calcareous nannofossils in the Upper Kimmeridgian, southeastern Paris basin (France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.5.457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Upper Kimmeridgian Members “Calcaires blancs supérieurs” and the “Marnes à exogyres supérieures” of the southeastern Paris basin were investigated for their palynofacies and calcareous nannofossils. These members display alternating limestone-marl lithotypes and represent shallow marine palaeoenvironments. The lower carbonate member is interpreted as a proximal palaeoenvironment (palaeobathymetry = 5 to 10 m), where storm and swell deposits were prevalent and the salinity was occasionally weak. The relative richness of brown phytoclasts in this part is favoured by good preservation related to restricted conditions. These conditions would explain the dominance of the nannofossil Cyclagelosphaera margerelii in the nannofossil assemblages. The palynological data as those of the nannofossil assemblages show variations in the shift from carbonate member to marly member. The dominance of brown phytoclasts over black phytoclasts, the presence of amorphous organic matter (AOM), and the highest abundance and diversity observed within the nannofossil assemblages suggest that the maximum of distality occurred during this transition, at the basal part of the Marnes à Exogyres supérieures. The upper part of the section (marly member) characterized by storm deposits and storm-coquina beds is deeper (palaeobathymetry probably between 10 and 40 m depth) than the lower part. Oxidizing depositional conditions prevailed and explained the abundance of black particles found in this upper part, while proximate cysts and elevated non-placolith coccolith abundances indicate that relationships with the open sea were probably more significant compared to the lower part. Towards the top of the section, recurrences of restricted conditions are reflected by relatively elevated amounts of AOM and the abundance peak of the nannofossil Biscutum ellipticum. This study shows that micropalaeontological signals can be well recorded in vast lagunal domains. We speculate that salinity, nutrient supply, and oxygenation of the waters control microfossil associations. In shallow environments, these parameters are particularly fluctuating, especially when freshwater dilutes marine waters in surface, on the occasion of rainy periods or of intense arrival of continental waters.
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Zvirgzdiņš, Indulis. "The Life of Marine Engineer Officer Edgars Oto Pinka (1895–1941)." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 7 (October 25, 2023): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2023.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on the documents, the study provides a wide and comprehensive evaluation of the life of an engineer and citizen from Vidzeme Edgars Otto Pinka (1895–1941). His life was related to ships, military service in Latvia, Russia, and France, and the Latvian Society of Paris. Researching E. O. Pinka’s studies and work, the author has studied the engineer’s life from birth to the end of his life, reflecting on his progress as one of the best specialists in the Latvian Navy in his capacity of an engineer mechanic, shipping engineer, officer, and pedagogue. The contribution of E. O. Pinka to raising awareness about Latvia and Latvian music in France in the early 1930s is also significant. His daughter, a graduate (1964) of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Māra Pinka, inherited his interest in music. The article was developed by studying the collections of Latvian libraries, archives, and museums and communicating with the successors of E. O. Pinka’s family.
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Bressi, M., J. Sciare, V. Ghersi, N. Mihalopoulos, J. E. Petit, J. B. Nicolas, S. Moukhtar, et al. "Sources and geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2013): 33237–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-33237-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The present study aims at identifying and apportioning the major sources of fine aerosols in Paris (France) – the second largest megacity in Europe –, and determining their geographical origins. It is based on the daily chemical composition of PM2.5 characterised during one year at an urban background site of Paris (Bressi et al., 2013). Positive Matrix Factorization (EPA PMF3.0) was used to identify and apportion the sources of fine aerosols; bootstrapping was performed to determine the adequate number of PMF factors, and statistics (root mean square error, coefficient of determination, etc.) were examined to better model PM2.5 mass and chemical components. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) and Conditional Probability Function (CPF) allowed the geographical origins of the sources to be assessed; special attention was paid to implement suitable weighting functions. Seven factors named ammonium sulfate (A.S.) rich factor, ammonium nitrate (A.N.) rich factor, heavy oil combustion, road traffic, biomass burning, marine aerosols and metals industry were identified; a detailed discussion of their chemical characteristics is reported. They respectively contribute 27, 24, 17, 14, 12, 6 and 1% of PM2.5 mass (14.7 μg m−3) on the annual average; their seasonal variability is discussed. The A.S. and A.N. rich factors have undergone north-eastward mid- or long-range transport from Continental Europe, heavy oil combustion mainly stems from northern France and the English Channel, whereas road traffic and biomass burning are primarily locally emitted. Therefore, on average more than half of PM2.5 mass measured in the city of Paris is due to mid- or long-range transport of secondary aerosols stemming from continental Europe, whereas local sources only contribute a quarter of the annual averaged mass. These results imply that fine aerosols abatement policies conducted at the local scale may not be sufficient to notably reduce PM2.5 levels at urban background sites in Paris, suggesting instead more coordinated strategies amongst neighbouring countries. Similar conclusions might be drawn in other continental urban background sites given the transboundary nature of PM2.5 pollution.
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Bressi, M., J. Sciare, V. Ghersi, N. Mihalopoulos, J. E. Petit, J. B. Nicolas, S. Moukhtar, et al. "Sources and geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 16 (August 27, 2014): 8813–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-8813-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The present study aims at identifying and apportioning fine aerosols to their major sources in Paris (France) – the second most populated "larger urban zone" in Europe – and determining their geographical origins. It is based on the daily chemical composition of PM2.5 examined over 1 year at an urban background site of Paris (Bressi et al., 2013). Positive matrix factorization (EPA PMF3.0) was used to identify and apportion fine aerosols to their sources; bootstrapping was performed to determine the adequate number of PMF factors, and statistics (root mean square error, coefficient of determination, etc.) were examined to better model PM2.5 mass and chemical components. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and conditional probability function (CPF) allowed the geographical origins of the sources to be assessed; special attention was paid to implement suitable weighting functions. Seven factors, namely ammonium sulfate (A.S.)-rich factor, ammonium nitrate (A.N.)-rich factor, heavy oil combustion, road traffic, biomass burning, marine aerosols and metal industry, were identified; a detailed discussion of their chemical characteristics is reported. They contribute 27, 24, 17, 14, 12, 6 and 1% of PM2.5 mass (14.7 μg m−3) respectively on the annual average; their seasonal variability is discussed. The A.S.- and A.N.-rich factors have undergone mid- or long-range transport from continental Europe; heavy oil combustion mainly stems from northern France and the English Channel, whereas road traffic and biomass burning are primarily locally emitted. Therefore, on average more than half of PM2.5 mass measured in the city of Paris is due to mid- or long-range transport of secondary aerosols stemming from continental Europe, whereas local sources only contribute a quarter of the annual averaged mass. These results imply that fine-aerosol abatement policies conducted at the local scale may not be sufficient to notably reduce PM2.5 levels at urban background sites in Paris, suggesting instead more coordinated strategies amongst neighbouring countries. Similar conclusions might be drawn in other continental urban background sites given the transboundary nature of PM2.5 pollution.
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Thiry, Médard, Florence Quesnel, Johan Yans, Robert Wyns, Anne Vergari, Hervé Theveniaut, Régine Simon-Coinçon, et al. "Continental France and Belgium during the early Cretaceous: paleoweatherings and paleolandforms." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 177, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.177.3.155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract During the early Cretaceous, successive tectonic phases and several sea level falls resulted in the emersion of the main part of western Europe and the development of thick “lateritic” weathering. This long period of continental evolution ended with the Upper Cretaceous transgressions. During this period, the exposed lands displayed a mosaic of diverse morphologies and weathered landscapes. Bauxites are the most spectacular paleoweathering features, known for long in southern France. Recently, new residual outcrops have been identified, trapped in the karstic depressions of the Grands Causses. Other bauxitic formations, containing gibbsite, have also been recognised, occurring with the Clay-with-Jurassic-cherts in the southeastern border of the Paris Basin. These bauxitic formations overlay Jurassic limestone and are buried beneath Upper Cretaceous marine deposits. The recognition of bauxites up north into the southern Paris Basin significantly widens the extension of the Lower Cretaceous bauxitic paleolandscapes. On the Hercynian basements thick kaolinitic weathering mantles occur. They have been classically ascribed to the Tertiary. The first datings of these in situ paleosoils, by means of paleomagnetism and/or radiogenic isotopes, record especially early Cretaceous ages. This is the case for the “Siderolithic” formations on the edges of the French Massif Central, but also for the kaolinitic profiles in the Belgian Ardennes. In the Flanders, the Brabant basement is deeply kaolinised beneath the Upper Cretaceous cover. These paleosoils show polygenetic evolutions. The relief of these basement paleolandscapes may have been significant. There where probably high scarps (often of tectonic origin) reaching 200 m in elevation or beyond, as well as wide surfaces with inselbergs, as in the present day landscapes of tropical Africa and South America. On the Jurassic limestone platforms occur diverse kaolinitic and ferruginous weathering products. Around the Paris Basin they show various facies, ranging from kaolinitic saprolites to ferricretes. Due to the lack of sedimentary cover, the age of these ferruginous and kaolinitic weathering products has been debated for long, most often allocated to the Siderolithic sensu lato (Eocene-Oligocene). Recent datings by paleomagnetism have enabled to date them (Borne de Fer in eastern Paris Basin) back also to the early Cretaceous (130 ± 10 Ma). These wide limestone plateaus show karstified paleolandforms, such as vast closed and flat depressions broken by conical buttes, but also deep sinkholes in the higher areas of the plateaus and piedmonts. The depth of the karst hollows may be indicative of the range of relative paleoelevations. Dissolution holes display seldom contemporaneous karst fillings, thus implying that the karstland had not a thick weathering cover or that this cover had been stripped off before or by the late Cretaceous transgression. Nevertheless, some areas, especially above chert-bearing Jurassic limestone or marl, show weathering products trapped in the karst features or as a thick weathering mantle. In the Paris Basin, the Wealden gutter looked like a wide floodplain in which fluvio-deltaic sands and clays were deposited and on which paleosoils developed during times of non-deposition. The edges of the gutter were shaped as piedmonts linked up with the upstream basement areas. The rivers flowing down to the plain deposited lobes of coarse fluvial sands and conglomerates. The intensity of the weathering, the thickness of the profiles and their maturation are directly dependent on the duration of the emersion and the topographic location relative to the gutter. Near the axis of the gutter, where emersion was of limited duration, the paleoweathering features are restricted to rubefaction and argillization of the Lower Cretaceous marine formations. On the other hand, on the borders of the basin and on the Hercynian basement, where emersion was of longer duration, the weathering profiles are thicker and more intensively developed. The inventory of the Lower Cretaceous paleoweathering features shows the complexity of the continental history of this period. Moreover, the preserved weathering products are only a part of this long lasting period, all the aspects relative to erosion phases are still more difficult to prove and to quantify. In this domain, apatite fission tracks thermochronology (AFTT) can be helpful to estimate the order of magnitude of denudation. Residual testimonies and subsequent transgressions may enable to estimate relative elevations, but in return, we presently have no reliable tool to estimate absolute paleoelevations. In the work presented here, the inventory enabled to draw a continental paleogeographic map showing the nature of the weathering mantles and the paleolandscape features, just as paleoenvironments and paleobathymetry presently appear on marine paleogeographic maps. For the future, the challenge is to make progress in dating the paleoweathering profiles and especially in the resolution of these datings, in order to correlate precisely the continental records with the different events which trigger them (eustatism, climate, regional and global geodynamics). The final goal will be to build up a stratigraphic scale of the “continental geodynamic and climatic events” in parallel with “sequential stratigraphy” in the marine realm.
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Thiry, M., F. Hanot, and C. Pierre. "Chalk Dolomitization Beneath Localized Subsiding Tertiary Depressions in a Marginal Marine Setting in the Paris Basin (France)." Journal of Sedimentary Research 73, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/091702730157.
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Zanou, Barbara. "Conditions for effective management of a river basin in the European Union." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 427-429 (December 1, 2004): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471427-429199.
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The author is Coordinator of Socio-Economic Studies at the Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Ministry of Development - General Secretariat for Research and Technology (Athens, Greece). She holds a Bachelor's Degree in Economics (University of Piraeus, Greece), a Master's Degree (D.E. A) in Political Economy (Paris VIII and Paris VII University, France), a diploma on Information Technology (Greek Productivity Center EL.KE.PA with four-year studies as an Analyst-Programmer), and six months' training in the Directorate General for the Environment (EU, Brussels). She is currently finishing her Ph. D thesis on the economic evaluation method (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis - CEA) based on the European Water Framework Directive (University of the Aegean, Mytilini, Greece). Ms Zanou has participated in several EU projects and national studies on socio-economic and management issues.
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Gantt, B., M. S. Johnson, M. Crippa, A. S. H. Prévôt, and N. Meskhidze. "Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2015): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015.
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Abstract. Marine-sourced organic aerosols (MOAs) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem (Global Earth Observing System Chemistry) model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from −79% when using the default settings to −12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of −36%) with hourly surface concentrations of MOAs observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOAs have weaker coastal-to-inland concentration gradients than sea-salt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having >10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concentration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies.
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Gantt, B., M. S. Johnson, M. Crippa, A. S. H. Prévôt, and N. Meskhidze. "Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 9, 2014): 5965–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-5965-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Marine organic aerosols (MOA) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from −79% when using the default settings to −12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of −36%) with hourly surface concentrations of MOA observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOA have weaker coastal-to-inland concentration gradients than sea-salt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having > 10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concentration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly-emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies.
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El-ghali, M. A. K., S. Morad, H. Mansurbeg, Miguel A. Caja, M. Sirat, and N. Ogle. "Diagenetic alterations related to marine transgression and regression in fluvial and shallow marine sandstones of the Triassic Buntsandstein and Keuper sequence, the Paris Basin, France." Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, no. 3 (March 2009): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.001.
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Brigaud, B., B. Vincent, C. Durlet, J. F. Deconinck, P. Blanc, and A. Trouiller. "Acoustic Properties of Ancient Shallow-Marine Carbonates: Effects of Depositional Environments and Diagenetic Processes (Middle Jurassic, Paris Basin, France)." Journal of Sedimentary Research 80, no. 9 (August 5, 2010): 791–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2010.071.
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Sciare, J., O. d'Argouges, R. Sarda-Estève, C. Gaimoz, V. Gros, Q. J. Zhang, M. Beekmann, and O. Sanchez. "Comparison between simulated and observed chemical composition of fine aerosols in Paris (France) during springtime: contribution of regional versus continental emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2010): 16861–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-16861-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Hourly concentrations of inorganic salts (ions) and carbonaceous material in fine aerosols (aerodynamic diameter, A.D.<2.5 μm) have been determined experimentally from fast measurements performed for a 3-week period in spring 2007 in Paris (France). The sum of these two chemical components (ions and carbonaceous aerosols) has shown to account for most of the fine aerosol mass (PM2.5). This time-resolved dataset allowed investigating the factors controlling the levels of PM2.5 in Paris and showed that polluted periods with PM2.5<15 μg/m3 were characterized by air masses of continental (North-Western Europe) origin and chemical composition made by 75% of ions. By contrast, periods with clean marine air masses have shown the lowest PM2.5 concentrations (typically of about 10 μg/m3); carbonaceous aerosols contributing for most of this mass (typically 75%). In order to better discriminate between regional and continental contributions to the observed chemical composition and concentrations of PM2.5 over Paris, a comparative study was performed between this time-resolved dataset and the outputs of a chemistry transport model (CHIMERE), showing a relatively good capability of the model to reproduce the time-limited intense maxima observed in the field for PM2.5 and ion species. Different model scenarios were then investigated switching off regional and European (North-Western and Central) emissions. Results of these scenarios have clearly shown that most of the ions observed over Paris during polluted periods, were either transported or formed in-situ from gas precursors transported from Northern Europe. By opposite, long-range transport from Europe appeared to poorly contribute to the levels of carbonaceous aerosols observed over Paris. The model failed to properly account for the concentration levels and variability of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) determined experimentally by the EC-tracer method. The abundance of SOA (relatively to organic aerosol, OA) was as much as 75%, showing a poor dependence on air masses origin. Elevated SOA/OA ratios were also observed for air masses having residence time above ground for less than 10 h, suggesting intense emissions and/or photochemical processes leading to rapid formation of secondary organic aerosols.
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Sciare, J., O. d'Argouges, Q. J. Zhang, R. Sarda-Estève, C. Gaimoz, V. Gros, M. Beekmann, and O. Sanchez. "Comparison between simulated and observed chemical composition of fine aerosols in Paris (France) during springtime: contribution of regional versus continental emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 24 (December 16, 2010): 11987–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11987-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Hourly concentrations of inorganic salts (ions) and carbonaceous material in fine aerosols (aerodynamic diameter, A.D. <2.5 μm) have been determined experimentally from fast measurements performed for a 3-week period in spring 2007 in Paris (France). The sum of these two chemical components (ions and carbonaceous aerosols) has shown to account for most of the fine aerosol mass (PM2.5). This time-resolved dataset allowed investigating the factors controlling the levels of PM2.5 in Paris and showed that polluted periods with PM2.5 > 15 μg m−3 were characterized by air masses of continental (North-Western Europe) origin and chemical composition made by 75% of ions. By contrast, periods with clean marine air masses have shown the lowest PM2.5 concentrations (typically of about 10 μg m−3); carbonaceous aerosols contributing for most of this mass (typically 75%). In order to better discriminate between local and continental contributions to the observed chemical composition and concentrations of PM2.5 over Paris, a comparative study was performed between this time-resolved dataset and the outputs of a chemistry transport model (CHIMERE), showing a relatively good capability of the model to reproduce the time-limited intense maxima observed in the field for PM2.5 and ion species. Different model scenarios were then investigated switching off local and European (North-Western and Central) emissions. Results of these scenarios have clearly shown that most of the ions observed over Paris during polluted periods, were either transported or formed in-situ from gas precursors transported from Northern Europe. On the opposite, long-range transport from Europe appeared to weakly contribute to the levels of carbonaceous aerosols observed over Paris. The model failed to properly account for the concentration levels and variability of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) determined experimentally by the EC-tracer method. The abundance of SOA (relatively to organic aerosol, OA) was as much as 75%, showing a weak dependence on air masses origin. Elevated SOA/OA ratios were also observed for air masses having residence time above ground of less than 10 h, suggesting intense emissions and/or photochemical processes leading to rapid formation of secondary organic aerosols.
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Soulet, Guillaume, Philippe Maestrati, Serge Gofas, Germain Bayon, Fabien Dewilde, Maylis Labonne, Bernard Dennielou, Franck Ferraton, and Giuseppe Siani. "Marine reservoir ages for coastal West Africa." Geochronology 5, no. 2 (August 17, 2023): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-345-2023.
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Abstract. We measured the 14C age of pre-bomb suspension-feeding bivalves of known age from coastal West Africa across a latitudinal transect extending from 33∘ N to 15∘ S. The specimens are from collections belonging to the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France). They were carefully chosen to ensure that the specimens were collected alive or that they died not long before collection. From the 14C dating of the known-age bivalves, we calculated the marine reservoir age (as ΔR and R values) for each specimen. ΔR values were calculated relative to the Marine20 calibration curve, and the R values were calculated relative to Intcal20 or SHcal20 calibration curves. Except for five outliers, the ΔR and R values were generally homogenous with weighted mean values of −72 ± 42 14C years (1 SD, n=24) and 406 ± 56 14C years (1 SD, n=24) respectively. These values are typical of low-latitude marine reservoir age values. Five suspension-feeding species living in five different ecological habitats were studied. For localities where several species were available, the results yielded similar results whatever the species considered, suggesting that, in these locations, the habitat has only a limited impact on marine reservoir age reconstruction. We show that our measured marine reservoir ages follow the declining trend of the global marine reservoir age starting ca. 1900 CE, suggesting that the marine reservoir age of coastal West Africa is driven, at least to the first order, by the atmospheric CO2 14C ageing due to fossil fuel burning rather than by local effects. Each outlier was discussed. Local upwelling conditions or sub-fossil specimens may explain the older 14C age and thus the larger marine reservoir ages for these samples. Bucardium ringens might not be the best choice for marine reservoir age reconstructions.
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Squires, Richard L., and David M. Advocate. "New Early Eocene mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, southern California." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 4 (July 1986): 851–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Five new species of mollusks are described from the early Eocene Maniobra Formation, northeastern Orocopia Mountains, southern California. The new species are from the basal part of the formation, and the fauna is indicative of the West Coast provincial molluscan early Eocene “Capay Stage.” The mollusks are shallow-marine forms that were transported a short distance into slope/upper submarine-canyon deposits.Chedevillia saltonensis n. sp. and Eocypraea? maniobraensis n. sp. resemble Eocene species from Paris Basin, France. Phalium (Semicassis) louella n. sp. is the earliest North American species of Semicassis. Volutilithes orocopiaensis n. sp. is the earliest North American species of this genus and resembles V. muricinus from Paris Basin. Glossus (Meiocardia) susukii n. sp. is the earliest reported species of Meiocardia on the West Coast of North and South America.Galeodea gallica, a species previously only known from lower Eocene strata in the Anglo-Paris Basin, is tentatively identified from the Maniobra Formation. Campanilopa dilloni, previously only known from south-central California, is present in the formation. Supplementary descriptions and illustrations are given for these two species.The Maniobra species described have a close relationship to species characteristic of the Eurasian Tethyan paleobiogeographic province. The age of the Maniobra mollusks permits greater resolution of the timing of the westward migration of the Eurasian species, indicating that much of it occurred during early Eocene and/or late Paleocene time.
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Clark, Alexander J., Johan Vellekoop, and Robert P. Speijer. "Hydrological differences between the Lutetian Paris and Hampshire basins revealed by stable isotopes of conid gastropods." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 193 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2022002.
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During the Eocene greenhouse (56.0–33.9 Ma), northwest Europe was dominated by a semi-arid para-tropical climate but the paleohydrological conditions are poorly known. To gain more insight into seasonal hydrological conditions in the region, we compare Lutetian (middle Eocene, ∼ 44–45 Ma) mollusk δ18O records from two shallow marine basins on either side of the English Channel, i.e., the Paris and Hampshire Basins. The semi-circular Paris Basin was open to the Atlantic Ocean, while the Hampshire Basin was more enclosed and influenced by the draining of several rivers. The proximity of the basins and the similarity of their faunal assemblages suggest that they experienced roughly similar seawater temperatures but the seasonal hydrology is expected to have been different between these basins. Among the numerous mollusks present in both basins are several members of Conidae, a gastropod family that is particularly well-suited for paleoseasonality reconstructions. To assess the paleohydrological differences between these basins we analyzed the stable oxygen isotopic composition of three specimens of Eoconus deperditus from the Banc à Verrains in the middle part of the Calcaire Grossier Formation of the Paris Basin (France), and three specimens of Eoconus edwardsi from the Shepherd’s Gutter Bed in the upper part of the Selsey Formation of the Hampshire Basin (United Kingdom). While the seasonal variability appears to have been similar between these basins, the δ18O values of the Hampshire Basin specimens are consistently lower than those in the Paris Basin, suggesting a regional difference in δ18Osw of 1–2‰ between the basins. This difference in δ18Osw was likely related to the greater influence of fluvial discharge within the Hampshire basin, compared to the Paris Basin.
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Hocquet, Jean-Claude. "Alain Cabantous, La vergue et les fers. Mutins et déserteurs dans la marine de l'ancienne France, Paris, Tallandier, 1984, 252 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, no. 3 (June 1986): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900076058.
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Buraga, Manoj Babu, and Thibault Fournol. "Indo-French Cooperation and Engagement in Holistic Maritime Security: Possibilities and Implications in the Indian Ocean Region." Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, no. 02 (2022): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3209.
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The diffusion of the Indo-Pacific concept in India’s strategic vocabulary has accompanied the emergence of a broader strategic reference frame, in which the impacts of climate change on coastal areas and maritime-related environmental issues figure among the lowest common denominators of cooperation at the regional scale. In the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), unregulated fishing, natural disasters relief or marine pollution indeed became major security concerns for littoral States as well as it gave a new role for the armies in mitigating increasing environmental risks. In fact, we are seeing an expansion in India-France maritime security cooperation, with particular focus on the Indian Ocean. With its expanding economic, marine military, and strategic goals in the Indo-Pacific region, India is eager to develop connections with countries throughout the area. France is emphasising its identity as an Indo-Pacific nation and showing interest in bolstering its partnership with India. The Indian Ocean has emerged as a hot topic in recent Indo-French bilateral talks, as both nations seek to broaden their long-standing strategic partnership to the maritime domain. In February 2022, they inked a roadmap to boost their bilateral exchanges on the blue economy and forge a common vision of ocean governance on the basis of the rule of law, and cooperation on sustainable and resilient coastal and waterways infrastructure (MEA, Feb 2022).[i] In this regard, both agreed to explore the potential for collaboration in marine science research for a better understanding of the oceans, including the Indian Ocean. One such partnership is the ‘The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative’ (IPOI), wherein France and India have taken the responsibility of being the ‘lead’ for the Marine Resources Pillar, which is one of seven identified pillars (MEA, Mar 2022).[ii] In such a context, this paper aims to explore India’s cooperation opportunities in the field of environmental security in the IOR in the context of Indo-French relations. As a preferred net security provider in the region, India has made of France one of the cornerstones of its SAGAR policy and a first-choice partner on maritime issues, as testified recently by the India-France Roadmap on Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. Based on several years of research on Indo-French relations and environmental security in the Indo-Pacific, the paper will first compare the securitization process of maritime-related environmental issues within the regional security policies of both countries and the adaptation of their navies to emerging environmental risks in the Indian Ocean. Then, it will analyse to what extent this process contributes to reshape military-to-military cooperation between the two navies/coast guard in emerging areas such as disaster relief operations, protection of maritime ecosystems or cyclone early warning. Then, it will consider the multilateral implications of this cooperation and its potential contribution to the security architecture of the Indian Ocean. [i] Ministry of External Affairs of India (February 2022). India-France Roadmap on the Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. [ii] Ministry of External Affairs of India (March 2022). Indo-French Call for an ‘Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership. Joint Declaration, Paris.
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Dagallier, Guy, Ari I. Laitinen, Fabrice Malartre, Ignace P. A. M. Van Campenhout, and Paul C. H. Veeken. "Ground penetrating radar application in a shallow marine Oxfordian limestone sequence located on the eastern flank of the Paris Basin, NE France." Sedimentary Geology 130, no. 3-4 (February 2000): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(99)00105-0.
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Leroy, Benjamin. "Les troupes de marine en Afrique à la fin du XIX e siècle : le cas du Soudan français." Revue Historique des Armées 247, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.247.0114.
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La conquête du Soudan s’est déroulée dans des conditions particulières et cela en fait un cas à part dans l’histoire de la colonisation française car les motivations économiques sont pratiquement absentes. Le moteur de cette expansion est le nationalisme débridé des officiers des troupes de marine ; motivée par la volonté de contribuer à « la plus grande France » en lui donnant un nouveau morceau de terre. Les officiers des troupes de marine entretiennent un lien privilégié avec le Soudan et, sous plusieurs aspects, cette colonie apparaît même comme leur « chose ». Ils n’ont jamais eu ailleurs une telle liberté d’action que sur ce territoire qu’ils dirigent sans partage durant les vingt premières années de la conquête. Avec une attitude de mépris et d’indiscipline calculée envers Paris, les officiers pratiquent volontiers la politique du fait accompli pour obliger le gouvernement à entériner la conquête. À bien des égards, et à l’instar des territoires militaires en Algérie, c’est le « règne du sabre », selon l’expression de l’époque, qui est le mode de gouvernement. Dans ce territoire, les civils n’ont pas leur place et les relations sont souvent tendues avec les militaires. Mais cela va progressivement prendre fin avec la mise en place du gouvernement général de l’AOF en 1899.
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Brigaud, Benjamin, Benoît Vincent, Christophe Durlet, Jean-François Deconinck, Emmanuel Jobard, Neil Pickard, Béatrice Yven, and Philippe Landrein. "Characterization and origin of permeability–porosity heterogeneity in shallow-marine carbonates: From core scale to 3D reservoir dimension (Middle Jurassic, Paris Basin, France)." Marine and Petroleum Geology 57 (November 2014): 631–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.07.004.
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Lecarpentier, Edouard. "Day-2 SYMPOSIUM II: PREECLAMPSIA TREATMENTSSandra Blois | Brice Gaudillière | Sandra blois10:30-10:50- The prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin. Where are we? Vassilis TsatsarisAssistance Publique-Hôpital de Paris, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Port-Royal Maternity, University Hospital Center Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, 53, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014, Paris, France; PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France ; PremUP Foundation, Paris, France. vassilis.tsatsaris@aphp.fr.10:50-11:10 Specific apheresis of sFlt1 to treat preeclampsia - Edouard Lecarpentier10:50-11:10 COMPETITIVE LIGAND-BASED APPROACH USING VEGF COATED APHERESIS COLUMNS TO IMPROVE THE ANGIOGENIC BALANCE IN PREECLAMPSIA." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 158 (August 2023): 103689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2022.103689.
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Belviso, Sauveur, Camille Abadie, David Montagne, Dalila Hadjar, Didier Tropée, Laurence Vialettes, Victor Kazan, et al. "Carbonyl sulfide (COS) emissions in two agroecosystems in central France." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): e0278584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes simulated by vegetation and soil component models, both implemented in the ORCHIDEE land surface model, were evaluated against field observations at two agroecosystems in central France. The dynamics of a biogenic process not yet accounted for by this model, i.e., COS emissions from croplands, was examined in the context of three independent and complementary approaches. First, during the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, monthly variations in the nighttime ratio of vertical mole fraction gradients of COS and carbon dioxide measured between 5 and 180 m height (GradCOS/GradCO2), a proxy of the ratio of their respective nocturnal net fluxes, were monitored at a rural tall tower site near Orléans (i.e., a “profile vs. model” approach). Second, field observations of COS nocturnal fluxes, obtained by the Radon Tracer Method (RTM) at a sub-urban site near Paris, were used for that same purpose (i.e., a “RTM vs. model” approach of unaccounted biogenic emissions). This site has observations going back to 2014. Third, during the growing seasons of 2019, 2020 and 2021, horizontal mole fraction gradients of COS were calculated from downwind-upwind surveys of wheat and rapeseed crops as a proxy of their respective exchange rates at the plot scale (i.e., a “crop based” comparative approach). The “profile vs. model” approach suggests that the nocturnal net COS uptake gradually weakens during the peak growing season and recovers from August on. The “RTM vs. model” approach suggests that there exists a biogenic source of COS, the intensity of which culminates in late June early July. Our “crop based” comparative approach demonstrates that rapeseed crops shift from COS uptake to emission in early summer during the late stages of growth (ripening and senescence) while wheat crops uptake capacities lower markedly. Hence, rapeseed appears to be a much larger source of COS than wheat at the plot scale. Nevertheless, compared to current estimates of the largest COS sources (i.e., marine and anthropogenic emissions), agricultural emissions during the late stages of growth are of secondary importance.
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Merzeraud, Gilles, Raymond Rauscher, Michel Hoffert, and Francois Verdier. "Mode d'empilement et distorsion de sequences genetiques en milieu marin restreint; facies et architecture des depots hettangiens du sud-ouest du bassin de Paris." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 171, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/171.3.341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the southwestern part of the Paris Basin (Sologne region), dolomite and limestone deposits of Hettangian age represent an excellent cover for a thick sandstone reservoir, which is being worked by "Gaz de France" for natural gas storage in underground aquifers. The "genetic sequences" of these shallow marine deposits and their stacking patterns are associated with two orders of relative sea-level fluctuations. The thinnest genetic sequences are arranged in transgressive/regressive hemicycles that include distinct facies assemblages. The facies changes are related to rapid palaeogeographic variations that occur during the onset of each genetic sequence. On a different scale, the stacked genetic sequences are organized into three geometric patterns, which are related to long-term eustatic fluctuations (eg. aggradational, retrogradational, and progradational patterns). For each of these stacked geometries, the partitioning of sediment volumes, the degree of symmetry, and the two-dimensional architecture of the genetic sequences had been modified through time. These changes are related to the effects of two superimposed short-term and long-term sea-level oscillations that distort the stratigraphic record.
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Paciga, A., E. Karnezi, E. Kostenidou, L. Hildebrandt, M. Psichoudaki, G. J. Engelhart, B. H. Lee, et al. "Volatility of organic aerosol and its components in the Megacity of Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 16 (August 20, 2015): 22263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-22263-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Using a mass transfer model and the volatility basis set, we estimate the volatility distribution for the organic aerosol (OA) components during summer and winter in Paris, France as part of the collaborative project MEGAPOLI. The concentrations of the OA components as a function of temperature were measured combining data from a thermodenuder and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis. The hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) had similar volatility distributions for the summer and winter campaigns with half of the material in the saturation concentration bin of 10 μg m−3 and another 35–40 % consisting of low and extremely low volatility organic compounds (LVOCs and ELVOCs, respectively). The winter cooking OA (COA) was more than an order of magnitude less volatile than the summer COA. The low volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA) factor detected in the summer had the lowest volatility of all the derived factors and consisted almost exclusively of ELVOCs. The volatility for the semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA) was significantly higher than that of the LV-OOA, containing both semi-volatile organic components (SVOCs) and LVOCs. The oxygenated OA (OOA) factor in winter consisted of SVOCs (45 %), LVOCs (25 %) and ELVOCs (30 %). The volatility of marine OA (MOA) was higher than that of the other factors containing around 60 % SVOCs. The biomass burning OA (BBOA) factor contained components with a wide range of volatilities with significant contributions from both SVOCs (50 %) and LVOCs (30 %). Finally, combining the O : C ratio and volatility distributions of the various factors, we incorporated our results into the two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS). Our results show that the factors cover a broad spectrum of volatilities with no direct link between the average volatility and average O : C of the OA components. Agreement between our findings and previous publications is encouraging for our understanding of the evolution of atmospheric OA.
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Paciga, Andrea, Eleni Karnezi, Evangelia Kostenidou, Lea Hildebrandt, Magda Psichoudaki, Gabriella J. Engelhart, Byong-Hyoek Lee, et al. "Volatility of organic aerosol and its components in the megacity of Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 4 (February 23, 2016): 2013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2013-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Using a mass transfer model and the volatility basis set, we estimate the volatility distribution for the organic aerosol (OA) components during summer and winter in Paris, France as part of the collaborative project MEGAPOLI. The concentrations of the OA components as a function of temperature were measured combining data from a thermodenuder and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis. The hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) had similar volatility distributions for the summer and winter campaigns with half of the material in the saturation concentration bin of 10 µg m−3 and another 35–40 % consisting of low and extremely low volatility organic compounds (LVOCs with effective saturation concentrations C* of 10−3–0.1 µg m−3 and ELVOCs C* less or equal than 10−4 µg m−3, respectively). The winter cooking OA (COA) was more than an order of magnitude less volatile than the summer COA. The low-volatility oxygenated OA (LV-OOA) factor detected in the summer had the lowest volatility of all the derived factors and consisted almost exclusively of ELVOCs. The volatility for the semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA) was significantly higher than that of the LV-OOA, containing both semi-volatile organic components (SVOCs with C* in the 1–100 µg m−3 range) and LVOCs. The oxygenated OA (OOA) factor in winter consisted of SVOCs (45 %), LVOCs (25 %) and ELVOCs (30 %). The volatility of marine OA (MOA) was higher than that of the other factors containing around 60 % SVOCs. The biomass burning OA (BBOA) factor contained components with a wide range of volatilities with significant contributions from both SVOCs (50 %) and LVOCs (30 %). Finally, combining the bulk average O : C ratios and volatility distributions of the various factors, our results are placed into the two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) framework. The OA factors cover a broad spectrum of volatilities with no direct link between the average volatility and average O : C of the OA components.
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Buddruhs, Nora, Silke Pradella, Markus Göker, Orsola Päuker, Rüdiger Pukall, Cathrin Spröer, Peter Schumann, Jörn Petersen, and Thorsten Brinkhoff. "Molecular and phenotypic analyses reveal the non-identity of the Phaeobacter gallaeciensis type strain deposits CIP 105210T and DSM 17395." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_11 (November 1, 2013): 4340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.053900-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The marine genus Phaeobacter currently comprises six species, some of which were intensively studied mainly due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites. The type strain of the type species, Phaeobacter gallaeciensis BS107T, has been deposited at several public culture collections worldwide. Based on differences in plasmid profiles, we detected that the alleged P. gallaeciensis type strains deposited at the Collection Institute Pasteur (CIP; Paris, France) as CIP 105210 and at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ; Braunschweig, Germany) as DSM 17395 are not identical. To determine the identity of these strains, we conducted DNA–DNA hybridization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses, as well as physiological experiments. Based on the detailed 16S rRNA gene reanalysis we showed that strain CIP 105210 most likely corresponds to the original P. gallaeciensis type strain BS107T. In contrast, the Phaeobacter strain DSM 17395 exhibits a much closer affiliation to Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 16374T ( = T5T) and should thus be allocated to this species. The detection of the dissimilarity of strains CIP 105210T and DSM 17395 will influence future comparative studies within the genus Phaeobacter .
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Leblanc, Vanessa, Jennifer Hellal, Marie-Laure Fardeau, Saber Khelaifia, Claire Sergeant, Francis Garrido, Bernard Ollivier, and Catherine Joulian. "Microbial and Geochemical Investigation down to 2000 m Deep Triassic Rock (Meuse/Haute Marne, France)." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2008, as part of a feasibility study for radioactive waste disposal in deep geological formations, the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA) drilled several boreholes in the transposition zone in order to define the potential variations in the properties of the Callovo–Oxfordian claystone formation. This consisted of a rare opportunity to investigate the deep continental biosphere that is still poorly known. Four rock cores, from 1709, 1804, 1865, and 1935 m below land surface, were collected from Lower and Middle Triassic formations in the Paris Basin (France) to investigate their microbial and geochemical composition. Rock leachates showed high salinities ranging from 100 to 365 g·L−1 NaCl, current temperatures averaging 65 °C, no detectable organic matter, and very fine porosity. Microbial composition was studied using a dual cultural and molecular approach. While the broad-spectrum cultural media that was used to activate microbial communities was unsuccessful, the genetic investigation of the dominant 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed eight bacterial genera considered as truly indigenous to the Triassic cores. Retrieved taxa were affiliated to aerobic and facultative anaerobic taxon, mostly unknown to grow in very saline media, except for one taxon related to Halomonas. They included Firmicutes and α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria members that are known from many subsurface environments and deep terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As suggested by geochemical analyses of rocks and rock leachates, part of the indigenous bacterial community may originate from a cold paleo-recharge of the Trias aquifer with water originating from ice melting. Thus, retrieved DNA would be fossil DNA. As previously put forward to explain the lack of evidence of microbial life in deep sandstone, another hypothesis is a possible paleo-sterilisation that is based on the poly-extremophilic character of the confined Triassic sandstones, which present high salinity and temperature.
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Delanoy, Gérard, Cyril Baudouin, Antoine Pictet, Josep Moreno-Bedmar, Camille Frau, and Bertrand Matrion. "The genera Roloboceras Casey, 1954, and Megatyloceras Humphrey, 1949 (Ammonoidea, Ancyloceratina, Douvilleiceratidae), from the Lower Aptian of Ardèche (SE France) - Taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications." Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) 22, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 7–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/carnets.2022.2202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Lower Aptian marine deposits from southern Ardèche (South-East of France) yield a rich ammonite fauna of the sub-family Roloboceratinae Casey, 1961, which dates the upper Deshayesites forbesi Zone (Roloboceras hambrovi Subzone pro parte ?). The systematic study of this Roloboceratinae fauna has improved our knowledge of Megatyloceras coronatum Rouchadzé, 1933, type species of Megatyloceras Humphrey, 1949, as well as a better understanding of the genus thanks to the examination of the species from the Anglo-Paris Basin. A new species, M. leteilensis sp. nov. is introduced, and a description of M. transiens Casey, 1961, provided, with clarifications on its possible stratigraphic position. This study also establishes that the "species" Megatyloceras ricordeanum (Orbigny, 1850) represents only a growth stage shared by several species of Megatyloceras which is doubtfully a true taxon and must, therefore, be considered as a nomen dubium. The hypothesis of sexual dimorphism in Roloboceras Casey, 1954, and Megatyloceras is advanced. The study of this Roloboceratinae fauna highlights their heterogeneous distribution throughout Lower Aptian deposits of Ardèche, showing a direct correlation with bathymetric range. The biostratigraphical distribution of both genera on the Languedoc platform shows that Roloboceras is present from the uppermost C2 segment to the C4 segment of the stable carbon-isotope record, while Megatyloceras is limited to the middle C4 segment up to the lowermost C6 segment. Both genera coexist during the C4 segment.
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Thiry, Médard, Régine Simon-Coinçon, Florence Quesnel, and Robert Wyns. "Bauxitic palaeoweathering related to the Clay-with-Jurassic cherts Formation in the southeastern Paris Basin." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.2.199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract On the southeastern margin of the Paris Basin, Nivernais region, the marine deposits have been continuous all along the Jurassic period. The sea withdrew a first time during the Upper Tithonian. This regression coincided with erosion and weathering. Apparently, the sea invaded again the Nivernais region only during the Albian, to which are attributed a few relicts of glauconitic sandstone with quartz pebbles. The youngest marine occurrences are of Santonian-Campanian age, made of silicified urchins and microfauna preserved in flint flows. The Tertiary deposits are limited to small grabens and made of nodular lacustrine limestones with charophytes ascribed to the Middle Eocene. In this southeastern margin of the basin, palaeoweathering products of the Jurassic and Cretaceous, i.e. Clay-with-Jurassic cherts and Clay-with-Cretaceous flints, are widespread. Their study allow to reconstruct the long continental evolution of the area. A red silty clay formation, with scattered cherts and abundant ferruginous gravels, containing typically from 10 to 20% of gibbsite, has been identified at Beaumont-la-Ferrière. Besides the lack of granulometric sorting of the quartz grains and of the ferruginous nodules and gravels, the micromorphologic analysis of the thin sections shows well developed illuviation structures, pointing clearly out pedogenetic features. The red silty clay formation in Beaumont-la-Ferrière relates to an in situ bauxitic palaeoprofile developed above Callovo-Oxfordian limestones. Near Beaumont-la-Ferrière, at St-Benin-d’Azy and at Ste Colombe, outliers display several weathering formations with cherts and flints that total over 50 to 80 m thickness. At the base, there is in-situ Clay-with-cherts, in which occurs the siderolithic iron ore deposits and which locally contains also gibbsite. In places, this Clay-with-cherts is topped by rounded cherts, from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, and sand lenses containing quartz gravels. The Clay-with-flints of lustreous break, translucent, with branchy morphologies and porous cortex, typical of the Clay-with-flints known elsewhere, occurs at the top of the buttes. The reworked cherts, the sand and the Clay-with-flints Formation are often silicified by typical pedogenic silicification, with illuviation features and titania-rich matrix. The palaeoweathering formations occurring in the Nivernais region allow to specify at least three successive weathering stages in the southeastern Paris Basin. (1) Development during the early Cretaceous of a thick blanket of Clay-with-cherts by weathering of the Jurassic chert-bearing limestones after withdrawal of the sea at the end of the Tithonian. Locally this weathering lead to the development of true bauxitic profiles, with gibbsite, pisolites, nodules, wide illuviation structures, etc. The development of the siderolithic iron ores relates to this weathering stage. (2) A second weathering stage, after the withdrawal of the sea during the Campanian, lead to development of Clay-with-flints from leaching of the chalk deposits. (3) Silicification affected the Clay-with-cherts and the Clay-with-flints, as well as the reworked deposits that today armour the reliefs. These silicifications display the same micromorphologic and geochemic characters as the silcretes that developed during Middle/Upper Eocene in the central parts of the Paris Basin. This is the first time that in situ Cretaceous bauxitic profiles are described north of the Massif Central. It seems likely that these bauxitic formations have been initially much more widespread, but a number of profiles may probably have been resilicified, with alteration of the gibbsite into kaolinite along the silicification of the siderolithic piedmont during the Eocene. The old pisolithic iron ore workings of the nineteenth century are located in this Clay-with-cherts Formation. In this way, the siderolithic iron ore deposits, typical from the southern margins of the Paris Basin, are of early Cretaceous age and correlative to the bauxite deposits of southern France.
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Plaziat, Jean-Claude. "Bernard Palissy (1510–1590) and the French geologists: a critical reappraisal concerning the founding naturalist and his rustic ceramics." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 182, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.182.3.255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Bernard Palissy benefited from two centuries (mid-18th - mid-20th c.) of a striking reputation – only partly justified – as a precursor of the European geologists and as a prolific producer of a new ceramic ware. During the last decades that appreciation was revealed to be overrated. His scientific and technological fame were respectively founded on misreadings by 18th c. rediscoverers (Jussieu, Réaumur, Fontenelle) and on erroneous attributions to a so-called “rustic Palissy’s ware style” of most of the pieces of China with animals in full relief referred to Palissy. The attributions to the Palissy’s workshop of pieces including fossil shell casts, by 19th c. romantic ceramic collectors, was confirmed by Alexandre Brongniart [1854], the pioneer decipherer, along with G. Cuvier, of the geology of the Paris basin, who identified Lutetian fossil shells. Munier-Chalmas [in Dupuy, 1894], noting that Palissy did not accept that inland fossils could belong to any marine assemblages, did not understand that this misinterpretation contradicts the current fame of Palissy as the discoverer of marine transgressions. Modern geologists, following F. Ellenberger [1988], the first to point out this contradiction, undertook the rehabilitation of the true geological message of Palissy as a pluridisciplinary precursor in nature processes elucidation, at least equal to Leonardo da Vinci in accuracy. This contribution seeks also to solve the last major point of misunderstanding, which resulted in the mingling of the rare true rustic wares designed and produced in Palissy’s workshop at Saintes (according to the shells and vertebrates casts), with the more famous and numerous chinas, different in style, especially those with Tertiary fossil shells cast from nature, probably conceived more than a century after the rustiques figulines of Palissy, in a workshop set up in the northernmost Ile de France and not copied from them. The highest established merits of Palissy are acknowledged, that finally place him ahead of the world geologists.
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Vadhanavisala, Onvara. "Radical Right-Wing Politics and Migrants and Refugees in Hungary." European Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2020.v3i1-89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Radical right-wing politics and ultra-nationalism have always been important issue across Europe's political spectrum. However, the recent flourishing of right-wing and populist parties in Europe in the past couple years were provoked by the European migrants and refugee crisis. The European institutions fail to solve the crisis. We witnessed various terrorist attacks occurred in major cities in Europe such as Paris, Berlin, and Italy etc. This had led not only the European people but all over the world to grow more suspicious of the EU institutions and their capabilities to manage the incident. As a consequence, the radical right-wing nationalist and right-wing political parties in Europe have taken this opportunity to claim and run their campaigns on a strong anti-refugees and immigrants. As a result, right-wing politicians and parties tend to gain more popularity among voters and achieved electoral success in many European countries such as Marine Le Pen in France, Andrej Babiš in Czech Republic, the Freedom Party (FPÖ) in Austria, Viktor Orbán's Fidesz party in Hungary and elsewhere in Europe. These right-wing nationalists and political parties represent themselves as a defender of European Christian values, the protector of Europe, the savior of Christianity. They are working in every way to prevent the land of Europe from Muslims. This kind of rhetoric is spreading across Europe and developed as an anti-refugee/immigrant campaign which can be seen in both online and offline media especially in the case of Hungary. It has signified as a backlash against the political establishment and a wave of discontent. Furthermore, the rise of right-wing politics has created concerns over human rights, national identity, refugee and migrant issues.
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Vadhanavisala, Onvara. "Radical Right-Wing Politics and Migrants and Refugees in Hungary." European Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v3i1.p100-108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Radical right-wing politics and ultra-nationalism have always been important issue across Europe's political spectrum. However, the recent flourishing of right-wing and populist parties in Europe in the past couple years were provoked by the European migrants and refugee crisis. The European institutions fail to solve the crisis. We witnessed various terrorist attacks occurred in major cities in Europe such as Paris, Berlin, and Italy etc. This had led not only the European people but all over the world to grow more suspicious of the EU institutions and their capabilities to manage the incident. As a consequence, the radical right-wing nationalist and right-wing political parties in Europe have taken this opportunity to claim and run their campaigns on a strong anti-refugees and immigrants. As a result, right-wing politicians and parties tend to gain more popularity among voters and achieved electoral success in many European countries such as Marine Le Pen in France, Andrej Babiš in Czech Republic, the Freedom Party (FPÖ) in Austria, Viktor Orbán's Fidesz party in Hungary and elsewhere in Europe. These right-wing nationalists and political parties represent themselves as a defender of European Christian values, the protector of Europe, the savior of Christianity. They are working in every way to prevent the land of Europe from Muslims. This kind of rhetoric is spreading across Europe and developed as an anti-refugee/immigrant campaign which can be seen in both online and offline media especially in the case of Hungary. It has signified as a backlash against the political establishment and a wave of discontent. Furthermore, the rise of right-wing politics has created concerns over human rights, national identity, refugee and migrant issues.
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Brisou, Dominique. "La motorisation du sous-marin français, des origines à 1914." Revue Historique des Armées 234, no. 1 (2004): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A little over one hundred years ago submarines progressed from the stage of an invention to that of an innovation. This was thanks to the take-off of a technology that alone could enable them to develop - electricity, the crucial element in the second industrial revolution. But the electric motor alone offered little for this new weapon of war at sea because of the extremely feeble range of its batteries. For safety reasons the internal combustion petrol engine was rejected as a means to recharge the batteries whilst the submarine was surfaced. From 1904 the brand-new diesel engine, powered by a safe heavy fuel, would give the submarine its definitive configuration and endow it with great military potential -major use of which was made in the two main wars of the Twentieth Century. Until diesel trials were successfully completed, the steam-engine was preferred. The experimental phase was long and painful, proceeding by trial-and-error and with many mistakes. It was the work of three French companies : Sautter-Harlé, the French Otto Gaz Company, both located in Paris, and the French Diesel-Engine Company at Longueville (near Bar-le-Duc), The completion of this stage of development concerned the four-stroke diesel engine. But around 1910 the German firm M.A.N. came up with a two-stroke variant. Several countries including France adopted this prematurely, for it was far from fully ready. Germany drew on this for a Machiavellian plan aimed at pushing its future enemies onto a disastrous course that would have weakened their submarine forces. This unknown episode is now revealed through exploitation of the archives of the Sautter-Harlé company, deposited in the private collections of the Service Historique de la Marine, cartons 1GG 1-66.
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Brignon, Arnaud. "Les « ichtyolites » (Actinopterygii) de la collection Jean-Baptiste Beurard (1745–1835) : intérêt historique et redécouverte de la série type d’Armigatus brevissimus (Blainville, 1818) du Cénomanien du Liban." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cet article souligne le rôle Jean-Baptiste Beurard dans l’histoire de la paléoichtyologie. Ancien chanoine de la cathédrale de Toul, il trouva après les affres des débuts de la Révolution un emploi d’agent du gouvernement attaché à l’administration des mines entre 1794 et 1815. Chargé de la surveillance des mines de mercure dans les nouveaux départements annexés par la France sur la rive gauche du Rhin, il redécouvrit en juillet 1799 le fameux gisement d’« ichtyolites » (poissons fossiles) imprégnés de cinabre de Münsterappel daté du Permien inférieur. Il envoya plusieurs spécimens dans des collections institutionnelles parisiennes. Des représentants de l’espèce Paramblypterus duvernoy (Agassiz, 1833) (Actinopterygii, Amblypteridae), probablement envoyés par Beurard avant 1809 d’après le témoignage de Barthélémy Faujas de Saint-Fond, ont été identifiés dans les collections du Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Un autre spécimen ayant appartenu de manière incontestable à Beurard est conservé dans les collections Géosciences de Sorbonne Université et revêt un intérêt historique tout particulier. Beurard possédait également dans sa collection deux échantillons de poissons fossiles du Cénomanien de Haqel dans l’actuel Liban, qu’il avait reçu de son neveu Claude Charles Harmand (1784–1847), officier de marine, en 1817. À partir d’eux, Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville décrivit deux espèces qu’il nomma Clupea beurardi Blainville, 1818a et Clupea brevissima Blainville, 1818a. La première n’est plus considérée comme valide et la seconde est aujourd’hui assignée au genre Armigatus Grande, 1982 (Actinopterygii, Clupeomorpha) dont elle est l’espèce type. Un de ces spécimens est conservé au Natural History Museum, Londres, et provient de la collection de William Willoughby Cole (1807–1886), comte d’Enniskillen, qui avait acquis une partie de la collection Beurard. Étiqueté par erreur Clupea beurardi par Beurard, cet échantillon porte en réalité les quatre syntypes d’Armigatus brevissimus. Un lectotype est désigné ici pour fixer le statut de cette espèce, certainement la plus abondante et la plus iconique du gisement de Haqel.
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Frieler, Katja, Stefan Lange, Franziska Piontek, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Jacob Schewe, Lila Warszawski, Fang Zhao, et al. "Assessing the impacts of 1.5 °C global warming – simulation protocol of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b)." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2017): 4321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4321-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In Paris, France, December 2015, the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) invited the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide a special report in 2018 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways. In Nairobi, Kenya, April 2016, the IPCC panel accepted the invitation. Here we describe the response devised within the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) to provide tailored, cross-sectorally consistent impact projections to broaden the scientific basis for the report. The simulation protocol is designed to allow for (1) separation of the impacts of historical warming starting from pre-industrial conditions from impacts of other drivers such as historical land-use changes (based on pre-industrial and historical impact model simulations); (2) quantification of the impacts of additional warming up to 1.5 °C, including a potential overshoot and long-term impacts up to 2299, and comparison to higher levels of global mean temperature change (based on the low-emissions Representative Concentration Pathway RCP2.6 and a no-mitigation pathway RCP6.0) with socio-economic conditions fixed at 2005 levels; and (3) assessment of the climate effects based on the same climate scenarios while accounting for simultaneous changes in socio-economic conditions following the middle-of-the-road Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP2, Fricko et al., 2016) and in particular differential bioenergy requirements associated with the transformation of the energy system to comply with RCP2.6 compared to RCP6.0. With the aim of providing the scientific basis for an aggregation of impacts across sectors and analysis of cross-sectoral interactions that may dampen or amplify sectoral impacts, the protocol is designed to facilitate consistent impact projections from a range of impact models across different sectors (global and regional hydrology, lakes, global crops, global vegetation, regional forests, global and regional marine ecosystems and fisheries, global and regional coastal infrastructure, energy supply and demand, temperature-related mortality, and global terrestrial biodiversity).
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García Hurtado, Manuel-Reyes. "Un comisionado francés en la primera década del siglo XVIII en Galicia: preparándose para una guerra." Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 11 (June 22, 2022): 375–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.17.
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El ascenso al trono de España de Felipe V lleva aparejado la llegada junto a él de personajes de origen francés que ocupan importantes esferas de poder con la nueva dinastía. Junto a estos vienen numerosos individuos siguiendo órdenes que son quienes van a llevar a cabo un trascendental trabajo de campo clave para poder hacer frente al principal problema que debe superar durante sus primeros años el monarca, que no es otro que garantizar la defensa del territorio ante la posibilidad de un conflicto armado. Analizamos la figura de uno de estos hombres, Bernard Renau d’Éliçagaray, prestando atención singularmente a la misión que llevó a cabo en Galicia en los años 1702 y 1703. Palabras clave: fortificación, ingeniería, Guerra de SucesiónTopónimos: GaliciaPeriodo: siglo XVIII ABSTRACTPhilip V’s ascent to the throne of Spain was accompanied by the arrival of individuals of French origin who occupied important positions of power within the new dynasty. They were joined by numerous individuals, following orders, who would carry out crucial fieldwork, essential in order to address the main problem facing the monarch during his first years, which was none other than guaranteeing the defence of the territory against the possibility of an armed conflict. This work considers the contribution made by one of these men, Bernard Renau d’Éliçagaray, concentrating in particular on the mission he undertook in Galicia in 1702 and 1703. Keywords: Fortification, Engineering, War of SuccessionPlace names: GaliciaPeriod: 18th century REFERENCIASCluny, I. (2002), “A Guerra de Sucessão de Espanha e a diplomacia portuguesa”, Penélope. Revista de História e Ciências Sociais, 26, pp. 63-92.Désos, C. (2016), “Les ingénieurs du roi de France auprès de la couronne d’Espagne (1704-1715)”, Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, 16, pp. 67-92.Eiras Roel, A. (2003), “Las Juntas del Reino de Galicia de 1701 a 1704”, en Actas de las Juntas del Reino de Galicia, vol. XII: 1701-1704, Santiago de Compostela, Xunta de Galicia, pp. 9-60.Ferreiro, L. D. (2007), Ships and Science. The Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1800, Cambridge (EE. UU.), The MIT Press.Fontenelle, B. de (1721), “Eloge de M. Renau”, en Histoire de l’Academie Royale des Sciences. Année MDCCXIX, Paris, Imprimerie Royale, pp. 101-120.García Hurtado, M.-R. (2002), El arma de la palabra. Los militares españoles y la cultura escrita en el siglo XVIII (1700-1808), A Coruña, Universidade da Coruña.— (2020), “The Greatest Treasure of the Spanish Armada in the Eighteenth Century. From the Battle of Rande (1702) to the Diving Schools (1787)”, en S. Juterczenka (ed.), The Sea: Maritime Worlds in the Early Modern Period, Köln, Böhlau, pp. 13-27.— (2021), “Bernard Renau d’Éliçagaray en España durante la Guerra de Sucesión”, Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, 21.González Lopo, D. L. (2002), “Galicia na Guerra de Sucesión”, en Rande, 1702. Arde o mar, Vigo, Museo do Mar de Galicia, pp. 102-115.Hatin, L. E. (1840), Histoire pittoresque de l’Algérie, Paris, Bureau Central de la Publication.Jal, A. (1872), Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d’histoire, Paris, Henri Plon.Ladvocat, J.-B. (1822), Dictionnaire historique et bibliographique, Paris, Étienne Ledoux, t. IV.Martin, H. (1865), The Age of Louis XIV, Boston, Walker, Wise, and Company, vol. II.Ozanne, N.-M. (1762), Marine militaire ou Recueil des differens vaisseaux qui servent à la guerre, Paris, chez l’auteur.Patiño Gómez, R. (2014), Los tesoros de Rande. Relato de las expediciones realizadas para el rescate de las riquezas de la flota hispano-francesa derrotada en la batalla de Rande, Vigo, RP Edicións.Potter, J. S. (2002), En busca del tesoro de la ría de Vigo, Vigo, Museo do Mar de Galicia.Renau d’Éliçagaray, B. (1689), De la theorie de la manœuvre des vaisseaux, Paris, Estienne Michallet.Rodríguez-Villasante Prieto, J. A. (1984), Historia y tipología arquitectónica de las defensas de Galicia. Funcionalidad, forma y ejecución del diseño clasicista, Sada, Ediciós do Castro.Roncière, Ch. de la (1916), Le bombardement d’Argel en 1683 d’après une relation inédite, Paris, Imprimerie Nationale.Rouvroy, L. de (1865), Mémoires complets et authentiques du duc de Saint-Simon... Tome Onzième, Paris, L. Hachette et Cie.Saavedra Vázquez, M. C. (2013), “La élite militar del Reino de Galicia durante la Guerra de Sucesión”, en M. López Díaz (ed.), Élites y poder en las monarquías ibéricas: del siglo XVII al primer liberalismo, Madrid, Biblioteca Nueva, pp. 223-244.— (2014), “La Guerra de Sucesión y sus efectos sobre la organización militar peninsular”, en M. Torres Arce y S. Truchuelo García (eds.), Europa en torno a Utrecht, Santander, Universidad de Cantabria, pp. 175-204.— (2016), “Los cambios de la organización militar y los inicios de la intendencia en Galicia (1704-1716)”, en M. López Díaz (ed.), Galicia y la instauración de la Monarquía borbónica. Poder, élites y dinámica política, Madrid, Sílex, pp. 53-93.— (2017), “El papel de las élites locales en la organización militar: Galicia, 1668-1715”, en E. García Hernán y D. Maffi (eds.), Estudios sobre Guerra y Sociedad en la Monarquía Hispánica. Guerra marítima, estrategia, organización y cultura militar (1500-1700), (Valencia), Albatros, pp. 519-538.Soraluce Blond, J. R. (1985), Castillos y fortificaciones de Galicia. La arquitectura militar de los siglos XVI-XVIII, La Coruña, Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza.Sue, E. (1852), Jean Bart et Louis XIV. Drames maritimes du XVIIe siècle, Paris, Marescq et Compagnie.Tourón Yebra, M. (1995), La Guerra de Sucesión en Galicia (1702-1712), Lugo, Diputación Provincial de Lugo.Vérin, H. (1993), La gloire des ingénieurs. L’intelligence technique du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, Albin Michel.Vigo Trasancos, A. (2007), A Coruña y el Siglo de las Luces. La construcción de una ciudad de comercio (1700-1808), Santiago de Compostela-A Coruña, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela-Universidad de A Coruña.— (dir.) (2011), Galicia y el siglo XVIII. Planos y dibujos de arquitectura y urbanismo (1701-1800), A Coruña, Fundación Pedro Barrié de la Maza, 2 tomos.
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Manyuk, Volodymyr V. "New data on geology of the Rybalsky Quarry, unique object of geological heritage of Global Significance." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112110.
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Among the great variety of geological relics of Ukraine, one of the most attractive is the Rybalsky Quarry, located in the city of Dnipro, and well known outside Ukraine. First of all, it is famous for the Mandrykivski Layers exposed in one of the ridges of the Quarry back in the 1970s, although there are many other important peculiarities of the geological structure of the Quarry which attract scientists from Ukraine, Germany, France, Netherlands, Russia and other countries. There are full data on the history of discovery and survey of the Mandrykivski Layers from their discovery by Valerian Domger in 1882 to current studies that reveal various aspects of geological structure of the Quarry, the results of study of different groups of fossil fauna, compare them with the fauna of the Paris Upper Eocene basin and other well- known locations. Particularly in the Rybalsky Quarry, thanks to the author`s efforts, the Layers received the status of “layers with geographic name”, as confirmed by the decision of Cenozoic Commission of the National Stratigraphic Committee of Ukraine in 2001. New fragments of the section of subaerial and subaqueous deposits of the Quaternary deposits were found and their composition, structure and complete stratigraphic content were studied. The research allows us to consider it typical for the Middle Prydniprovia. Fluvioglacial and lake-glacial deposits of the Dnipro glaciations in the Quarry exposed for the second time in 25 years, but this is the first time when their genetic origin, position in the section and lithological-facies peculiarities were determined. Thick layer of sands embedded on the roof of the Mandrykivski Layers were identified to the fifth or Hadzhybeiska terrace of the Dnipro, in the upper part of which there were notable siliceous-clayey-ferruginous formations or lateral crust (ferruginous crusts). The studies of the layer of brown-green and red-brown clays in the roof of the Mandrykivski layers allows us to presume their marine origin. In this case, they are underwater weathering crust (terra rossa) developed in the process of halmyrolysis or are the product of dissolution of carbonate silt enriched with detritus of mollusks, corals and other inhabitants of the warm Mandrykivske Sea.
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Carley, Michael Jabara. "Le Declin D’une Grande Puissance: La Politique Etrangere de la France en Europe, 1914-24Les relations franco-soviétiques, 1914-1924, par Anne Hogenhuis Seliverstoff. Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 1981. 316 pp.La marine française et la mer Noire, 1918-1919, par Philippe Masson. Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 1982. 669 pp. 120F.French war aims against Germany, 1914-1919, par David Stevenson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982. vii, 283 pp. $73.50." Canadian Journal of History 21, no. 3 (December 1986): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.21.3.397.
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Peters, Marion G., H. W. Hann, Paul Martin, E. Jenny Heathcote, P. Buggisch, R. Rubin, M. Bourliere, et al. "Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B 1 1The Adefovir Dipivoxil International 461 Study Group includes the following: N. Afdhal (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA); P. Angus (Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia); Y. Benhamou (Hopital La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France); M. Bourliere (Hopital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France); P. Buggisch (Universitaetsklinikum Eppendorf, Department of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany); P. Couzigou (Hopital Haut Leveque, Pessac, France); P. Ducrotte and G. Riachi (Hopital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France); E. Jenny Heathcote (Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada); H. W. Hann (Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA); I. Jacobson (New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY); K. Kowdley (University of Washington Hepatology Center, Seattle, WA); P. Marcellin (Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France); P. Martin (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA); J. M. Metreau (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Creteil, France); M. G. Peters (University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA); R. Rubin (Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta, GA); S. Sacks (Viridae Clinical Sciences, Inc., Vancouver, Canada); H. Thomas (St. Mary’s Hospital, London, England); C. Trepo (Hopital Hôtel Dieu, Lyon, France); D. Vetter (Hopital Civil, Strasbourg, France); C. L. Brosgart, R. Ebrahimi, J. Fry, C. Gibbs, K. Kleber, J. Rooney, M. Sullivan, P. Vig, C. Westland, M. Wulfsohn, and S. Xiong (Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA); D. F. Gray (GlaxoSmithKline, Greenford, Middlesex, England); R. Schilling and V. Ferry (Parexel International, Waltham, MA); and D. Hunt (Covance Laboratories, Princeton, NJ)." Gastroenterology 126, no. 1 (January 2004): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.051.
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Ebstein, E., P. Brocard, G. Soussi, R. Khoury, A. Khalil, M. Forien, S. Ottaviani, G. Zalcman, P. Dieudé, and V. Gounant. "POS0493 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL FRACTURE IN NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: ANALYSIS OF A 289 PATIENTS COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 508.1–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1017.
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BackgroundThe recent use of targeted therapies and immunotherapy has considerably improved the survival of patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), in particular metastatic ones. In this new era, it is relevant to look at the comorbidities affecting the quality of life and potentially the prognosis of NSCLC. Due to shared risk factors (tobacco, corticosteroid therapy, radiotherapy); osteoporosis is a comorbidity of interest in the context of NSCLC.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to establish the prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), the risk factors for incident OFV, and impact on survival of incident OFV.MethodsThis retrospective observational single-center study was conducted in the thoracic oncology clinic (Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP Paris, France), between January 2021 and July 2021. Consecutive patients followed for NSCLC were included in this study. The following data were collected (a) demographic characteristics such as gender, age, height and weight, BMI, smoking status, alcool intake (b) NSCLC characteristics such as histology, date of biopsy that resulted in the diagnostic of NSCLC, cancer stage (absence or presence of metastasis, including bone metastasis). Treatments received were collected a) oral corticosteroids (10 mg or more per day of prednisone or equivalent, for at least 2 weeks, in the last 2 years) b) anti-resorptive therapy (bisphosphonate, denosumab) c) local or systemic cancer treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and/or target treatment). We defined inclusion by the first thoraco-abominopelvic CT performed for the NSCLC extension assessment at diagnosis. We defined end of follow-up by the last TAP-CT available. We proceed to a double-blind lecture of TAP CT (rheumatologist and radiologist) to evaluate the presence of vertebral fracture: prevalent or incident, its nature (osteoporotic or metastatic), the number and localization. We also measure CT attenuation (Hounsfield unit [HU]) value of L1. Survival was assessed as of August 26, 2022.ResultsWe included 289 patients: 162 males (56%), mean age 66.4years old. Eightt-two percent of patients were current or past smokers (42 ± 22 number of year smoking) and 22% consumed alcohol regularly. The mean BMI was 24.7 ± 5.0 kg/m². Seventy-eight percent had an adenocarcinoma and 18% a squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty one percent of patients had a metastatic cancer, including 25% of bone metastatsis. The mean follow-up time was 36.3 ± 29.4 months.At inclusion, 31 of the 289 had an OFV, for 40 OFV (24 thoracic, 16 lumbar, mean 1.3 ± 0.6 OFV per patient). The prevalence at inclusion was therefore 10.7%. At end of follow-up, 23.2% of patients (67/289) had an OVF. During the follow up of 36 ± 29 months: 36 patients had an incident OFV. The incidence of OVF was 12.5%. Ninety-seven OFV occurred (68 thoracic, 29 lumbar). Median time to incident OVF was 13 months [6.7; 21.2].In univariate analysis (Table 1), the risk factor of OVF were: age (p=0.036), BMI <19kg/m² (p <0.01), steroid use (p<0.001), and radiotherapy (p = 0.036), UH in L1 at inclusion (HR 0.986, p <0.001)In multivariate analysis, BMI <19kg/m² (p=0.01), steroid use (p<0.001), HU in L1 at inclusion ((HR adjusted: 0,985, p = 0.003) were independent risk factor of incident OVF.Median survival was 80 months in the incident OVF group and was not reached in the patients without incident OVF (p =0.074, Image 1).ConclusionIn our population, prevalence of OVF at inclusion was 10.7%. Incidence was 12.5% during a mean follow up of 36 months. Occurrence of a new OVF may have an impact on survival. Presence of OVF and UH in L1 should be evaluated systematically during NSCLC follow up. We should pay more attention to this population, in order to prescribe preventive anti-resorptive drugs if needed.Table 1.characteristics of patient with and without osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF).Image 1.The Kaplan-Meier probability of survival for patient with or without incident osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF).REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsEsther Ebstein Consultant of: BMS - Abbvie - Galapagos, Pauline Brocard: None declared, Ghassen Soussi: None declared, Ralph Khoury: None declared, Antoine Khalil: None declared, Marine Forien Consultant of: Abbvie - BMS, Sebastien Ottaviani Consultant of: Abbvie - BMS - UCB, Gerard Zalcman: None declared, Philippe Dieudé Consultant of: Pfizer - BMS - Abbvie - UCB, Valerie Gounant: None declared.
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CANDELIER, Kévin, Rod STIRLING, Miha HUMAR, and Lone ROSS. "IRGWP: An international network of key players for a better understanding and industrial developments in wood protection and preservation." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 358 (December 25, 2023): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.358.a37406.
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Wood durability around the world in a global climate change context. Wood has long been one of the world’s primary building materials, and it remains so today despite competition from alternative materials (e.g., PVC, fiberglass, concrete). Worldwide wood consumption is on the rise, and this trend is set to continue, given the growing importance of the bioeconomy (FAO 2022). This rising demand for wood to provide local construction materials with a low environmental impact is all the more pronounced in the southern countries, where demographic growth is high. In response to higher wood consumption, the area occupied by forest plantations is increasing in most developed countries, while deforestation in tropical parts of the world is still of serious concern (Fisher et al. 2020). In most tropical countries, with large forest areas and great diversity in terms of wood species, local timber production generally only focuses on a few abundant species (associated with a long renewal period) and only values the old large-sized trees (with a diameter greater than 50 cm). In the context of growing needs for timber, such a restrictive value chain may exacerbate pressure on tropical forest ecosystems. It is therefore essential to broaden our knowledge about the potential to use more species and lower-quality logs for timber production. Tropical rainforests currently cover 1,070 million hectares of the world’s surface (90% of them are located in Central Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia), with more than 50,000 timber species, but only a handful of these are used (figure 1). It is estimated that 400 million hectares of these forests are currently given over to timber production. However, research over many decades has shown that the regulations that govern timber harvesting in tropical forests – currently based on logging intensity and cutting cycle – do not allow for the long-term recovery of the timber volume being harvested from these ecosystems. It is therefore urgent that we seek out new sources of timber (Putz et al. 2012). Many types of wood are overlooked in the international market today, as the demand lies with the more well-known types of timber species. It is therefore important to consider alternative options and choose wood according to the qualities and characteristics required to meet targeted end-use applications. In numerous tropical forest species, wood properties are poorly described, and wood is undervalued. At the same time, to maximise yield, foresters often apply intensive silvicultural management to fast-growing tree species, resulting in wood with wide growth rings, lower wood density, a lower proportion of heartwood, and, in many cases, lower wood durability (Kojima 2009). Wood protection refers to measures that, in various ways, aim to improve the resistance of wood and wood-based materials to biodegradation and biodeterioration. Such organisms include wood-decaying fungi, termites, and other wood-destroying insects, marine borers, and discolouring microorganisms such as blue stain and mould (Jones and Brischke 2017). Wood-decaying fungi are the most common of the destructive organisms in temperate climates, while termites are a dominant vector in tropical regions. In this context, and although preservation or modification methods to improve the durability of wood have been developed, some of these processes or chemicals remain expensive, unavailable worldwide, or create potential environmental risks. While research on effective and sustainable preservation and modification methods are still needed, the study of traits related to the natural durability of wood is of great importance for increasing wooden products’ service life, choosing an appropriate wood species for an application, and increasing the service life of wooden products in general (Martín and López 2023). Furthermore, the current context of globalisation and climate change is influencing the biological agents that deteriorate wood materials and wood-based products. On the one hand, globalisation in the trade of wood and wood packaging increases the probability of the inadvertent introduction of forest pathogens and xylophagous microorganisms, which in some cases emerge as invasive species with the potential to attack indigenous forests and timber products. On the other hand, climate change is altering the worldwide distribution of some wood-destroying organisms. Global trade and climate change are inducing a shift in the distribution of invasive organisms (e.g., favouring spreading to higher altitudes) with the potential to cause damage to forest and wood elements, a trend that will probably be exacerbated in the next decades (Brischke and Rapp 2010). There are still important knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms wood-deteriorating organisms use to attack wood, their ecology and mode of dispersion, and furthermore is some wood traits are affecting the natural durability of wood in service. To improve the social perception of wood as a raw material, further research is needed to develop or improve sustainable methods for preserving wood species of low natural durability against biological deterioration. Finally, it remains important to continue developing durability test methods, experimental studies, and monitoring approaches (figure 2) (Brischke et al. 2023). Focus on the scopes and activities of the International Research Group on Wood Protection (IRGWP) A brief history The International Research Group on Wood Protection (IRGWP) (known until 10 June 2004 as The International Research Group on Wood Preservation) was launched as an independent research group in 1969 to continue the work of a previous group of experts on wood protection that had been set up, following an Austrian proposal in 1965, by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in Paris, France. In 1979, the Group's administrative Secretariat moved to Sweden and was supported by the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (STU) until 1985. Since then, the IRGWP secretariat remains in Sweden and has been self-financing, relying entirely on the support of its personal and corporate members. Initially, the IRGWP was composed of 22 scientists from nine countries (Austria, Belgium, France, the German Federal Republic, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Today, IRGWP has more than 350 members from 51 countries around the world. Wood protection The science of wood protection is by nature multi-disciplinary, and can encompass elements of forestry, wood science, mycology, entomology, physics, chemistry, engineering, and technology. Progress in modern wood protection development usually includes two or more of these elements, making the field highly accepting of multi-institutional approaches to solving complex challenges. Moreover, to adequately describe the current state of wood protection, it requires an approach that involves viewpoints from various regions of the world and, within some of those regions, a country-by-country approach. In this regard, IRGWP has included the following regions of the world: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Oceania. IRGWP’s activities The IRGWP provides the global forum for research and industrial developments in wood protection sciences, including method development, experimental studies, monitoring approaches, models, product development, environmental aspects, etc., in order to promote knowledge about wood durability science and strategies for the protection and preservation of woods, wood-based materials, structures and building components. Through worldwide cooperation, the IRGWP: Facilitates contacts between specialists working on the complex problems of wood protection and durability. Issues more than one hundred documents every year, providing members and sponsors with invaluable information. Arranges, with the help of local organising committees, annual conferences, and regional meetings with active workshops to discuss and disseminate significant research progress and develop the relationships between academics and industrial companies (figure 3). Provides help and encouragement for scientists in developing countries to enable contributions to their research activities and to attend conferences. Facilitates the participation of able young scientists in the collaborative research of its Working Parties using the Ron Cockcroft Award scheme[1]. Works continuously as a forum for discussion and dissemination of research results. Avoids duplication of research work and therefore saves time, effort, and money, through its unique around-the-world strategy. Shares a durability database aimed at the allocation of wood durability test results (in the field and laboratory conditions) for comparative studies and re-analyses. Stimulates progress and quality. IRGWP members and sponsors are proud of their status and strive continuously towards excellence. Provides cost-benefits: the annual conferences and the regional meetings provide powerful opportunities for making business contacts while keeping aware of the very latest information in this field. Supports financially a permanent Secretariat based in Stockholm, which aims to provide supportive services to members, sponsors, and new interested parties. A brief description of the papers published within this Special issue. This special issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques was prepared in the framework of the IRG54 Annual meeting, which was held in Queensland, Australia, from May 28 to June 1, 2023. During this international meeting, the IRGWP proposed a special session dealing with the natural and conferred durability of tropical wood species. Topics of interest included extractives defense mechanisms against fungi and termites, protection of tropic wood in service (including modification and design), and valorisation of tropical wood with low natural durability. From these presentations, several papers were selected and are hereby presented in this Special issue. The Scientific Program Committee feels these give a good indication of the current status of durability, preservation and valorisation of tropical wood species, and that you find them as interesting as they did during their presentation during the IRG54 conference. [1] https://www.irg-wp.com/RCAGuidelines.html