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1
O’Connell, Brian. "A ‘Made in Qatar’ Energy Transition Strategy." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 28, Issue 6 (December 1, 2019): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2019023.
Анотація:
Qatar is an independent constitutional monarchy and one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas. Qatar’s National Climate Change Plan commits the country to rapid decarbonisation of the energy system in line with the Paris Agreement. This analysis considers the international legal and regulatory frameworks that could enable the Qatari financial sector to support progress to domestic and global climate targets agreed to in the Paris Agreement. energy transition, Paris Agreement, sustainable finance action plan, Qatar, European Commission
2
Khubchandani, Mohit. "The United States and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 22, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413_022001004.
Анотація:
In June 2017, US President Donald Trump announced that the US ‘will withdraw from the Paris Accord’. This paper argues that the US is still a party to the Paris Agreement and that its current domestic policies, such as revocation of the Clean Power Plan and lifting the Coal Moratorium, constitute an internationally wrongful act.
3
Singh, Avantika. "Introspecting Gender Concerns in National Action Plan for Climate Change of India." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120922833.
Анотація:
The climate sceptics faltered at COP21 Paris summit after climate change was accepted as a real threat. An agreement across tables on historical ‘polluters pay’ principle shifted the burden of curbing the emissions on developed economies. However, gender concerns were conspicuous by their absence in all agreements. Mary Robinson, a UN envoy at the summit precisely pointed out that Paris climate summit’s gender imbalance with substantial male domination is inimical to taking appropriate action to save people from climate change risks. The research shows a poor track record with minimum or no presence of women representatives in any breakthrough deal and discussion. There is a tendency to avert their voices and concerns in any stamped deals done by governments and organisations at international, national, sub-national levels. Despite such gender omission, the policy discourse carries an inherent assumption of gender neutrality while designing adaptation and mitigation efforts in averting climate-related stress. This paper is an attempt to unravel such ungendered tendency, by a critical examination of the National Action Plan for Climate Change in India to bring out an apparent masculinisation of the policy discourse.
4
Troyer, Jolien De, and Koen Bytebier. "Article: The ECB’s Decarbonization Plan for Corporate Bonds." European Business Law Review 35, Issue 1 (February 1, 2024): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2024010.
Анотація:
This article explores the European Central Bank’s (ECB) pioneering approach to incorporating climate considerations into its monetary policy operations, using a climate scoring model. The ECB aims to reduce climate-related financial risks and encourage greener practices. The background section discusses the post-2015 Paris Agreement context and the ECB’s Climate Agenda, while highlighting the controversies surrounding its quantitative easing programs.The core of the article examines the ECB’s decarbonization strategy for corporate bonds, which involves a scoring model based on three sub-scores: backward-looking emissions, forward-looking targets, and climate reporting/disclosure. This model is expected to incentivize companies to reduce their carbon footprint and improve disclosures.The article concludes by emphasizing the ECB’s commitment to climate change mitigation but suggests a broader need for a reevaluation of the monetary system to prioritize public interest and address pressing global issues more effectively. Bonds, ECB, decarbonization, Climate Agenda, Eurosystem, climate scoring, monetary policy
5
Yu, Hongyuan. "The U.S. Withdrawal From the Paris Agreement: Challenges and Opportunities for China." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 04, no. 02 (January 2018): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500100.
Анотація:
President Trump’s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement on Climate Change is both a major reversal of the Obama administration’s climate policy and a huge blow to global climate governance. The comprehensive regression of President Trump’s climate policy manifests mainly in three aspects: abolition of the clean energy plan, exit from the Paris Agreement, and a return to traditional energy policies, which reflect the cyclical and volatile nature of the U.S. climate policy. With its lasting negative impact, the China-U.S. cooperative leadership in global climate governance is stranded. In this light, China should strive for a bigger role in leading global efforts to address climate change and enhance cooperation through various mechanisms. Under the current U.S. policy environment, China can still strengthen cooperation with the United States in such fields as traditional energy, infrastructure investment, global energy market, and green finance.
6
Ahmad Naeem Salik. "COP21 Paris: Pakistan and a New Global Climate Regime." Strategic Studies 37, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.02.00225.
Анотація:
In today’s globalised world environmental factors are going to play a major role in not so distant a future, in the social and economic development of countries, especially the underdeveloped ones. We cannot comprehend the magnitude of these changes right now especially in Pakistan, where environmental degradation is already having a major impact, be it through changing climate patterns, or increased number of natural calamities. Conference of Parties (COP21) was a United Nation (UN) Conference on Climate Change in Paris, held between November-December 2015, to put these environmental changes into perspective and find solutions for them. The major outcome of this conference was the Paris Agreement. In September 2015, during the 70th United Nation General Assembly (UNGA) meeting, which was a precursor to the COP21 Conference, the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was approved. Pakistan is one of the countries, already suffering from the effects of climate change and water insecurity issues, falls into the category of water stressed states. As one of the signatories of the Paris Agreement, it gives a great opportunity to Pakistan to seek help from the international community to deal better with its environmental issues. As Pakistan is an agrarian economy, any drastic changes in the environment will have an adverse impact on its national economy. This paper will evaluate the vulnerability of Pakistan to the phenomenon of climate change, and the deleterious impact it can have on the per capita income, water security, and food-energy nexus of the people of Pakistan; and will suggest as to how the policy makers of the country can place it on the path towards green economy, as envisioned by the government's Vision 2025 plan.
7
Zainul Abidin, M. A. "Driving Green Economy for Malaysia through Green Technology and Green Culture." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v2i1.69.
Анотація:
In the world we live in today, issues of climate change and the need for sustainable solutions have become more prominent. During the agreement reached in Paris in December 2015, the world was unanimous on what needed to be done while the clock was ticking. Under such an agreement, every country shall implement its own five-year climate action plan in a bid to ratchet up ambition levels. Developed countries vowed to provide significant amount of money as well as technical support to help under-developed countries cut down on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate change.
8
Alekseev, Petr V. "Analysis of the Modern Climate Policy of the European Union." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 10 (October 25, 2023): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.10.15.
Анотація:
The world community’s major problem in the XXI century is associated with global warming. In order to address this issue, the Paris Climate Agreement was adopted in 2015. As part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement, on December 11, 2019, the European Union (EU) adopted the European Green Deal (EGD), providing for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. On July 14, 2021, the EU adopted the climate program Fit for 55 aimed at implementing the EGD. On March 8, 2022, the EU adopted an ambitious strategy to stop importing fossil fuels from Russia and transition to renewable energy sources (REPowerEU). Based on the analysis, the article concludes that the modern climate policy of the EU is a logical continuation of the implementation of the Marshall Plan to establish dominance over European countries with the aim of dein-dustrializing them and turning them into US colonies. The European Union, largely as a result of the implemen-tation of this counterproductive climate policy that is contrary to the national interests of the member states, is experiencing stagflation and is gradually losing its competitive position in the global economy. In this new reali-ty, the EU faces the challenge of revising and adjusting climate policy in the region.
9
Bakošová, Lucia. "Sharm el-Sheikh Climate Change Conference." Bratislava Law Review 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2023.7.1.366.
Анотація:
The year 2022 offered the international community an opportunity to take concrete steps in reducing the impacts of climate change. In November 2022, the State Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, as well as representatives of international organizations, corporations, civil society and activists met in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to discuss the current state of climate change and measures that are capable to protect future generations from adverse effects of climate change, mitigate or adapt to them. The paper comments on the outcome documents and key issues that were discussed at the Sharm el-Sheikh Climate Change Conference (COP27), as well as measures that were adopted. Particular attention is focused on the Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan. The key issues that are addressed in this paper are related to the rising amount of emissions, failure to move away from fossil fuels, and the newly established loss and damage fund.
10
Prina, Matteo Giacomo, Giampaolo Manzolini, David Moser, Roberto Vaccaro, and Wolfram Sparber. "Multi-Objective Optimization Model EPLANopt for Energy Transition Analysis and Comparison with Climate-Change Scenarios." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123255.
Анотація:
The modeling of energy systems with high penetration of renewables is becoming more relevant due to environmental and security issues. Researchers need to support policy makers in the development of energy policies through results from simulating tools able to guide them. The EPLANopt model couples a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to EnergyPLAN simulation software to study the future best energy mix. In this study, EPLANopt is applied at country level to the Italian case study to assess the best configurations of the energy system in 2030. A scenario, the result of the optimization, is selected and compared to the Italian integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. It allows a further reduction of CO2 emissions equal to 10% at the same annual costs of the Italian integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. Both these results are then compared to climate change scenarios through the carbon budget indicator. This comparison shows the difficulties to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. The results also show that this target can only be met through an increase in the total annual costs in the order of 25% with respect to the integrated energy and climate action plan scenario. However, the study also shows how the shift in expenditure from fossil fuels, external expenses, to investment on the national territory represents an opportunity to enhance the national economy.
11
Mayer, Benoit. "Climate Change Mitigation in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region." Climate Law 7, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2017): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00702001.
Анотація:
Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy as a Special Administrative Region of China. Unlike China itself, Hong Kong is not a party to international climate change agreements. While China has declared that the Paris Agreement and other climate change agreements apply to Hong Kong, the implementation measures for Mainland China in fact do not apply to Hong Kong. Its unique position under the ‘one country, two systems’ principle has frequently led to Hong Kong being left out of international cooperation on climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, as this article recounts, the government of Hong Kong has shown increasing interest in promoting climate change mitigation—or at least in being seen to do so. In January 2017, Hong Kong adopted the ‘Climate Action Plan 2030+’, which is, in essence, a regionally determined contribution to mitigation. 1
12
Gordhan, Sonam. "Plan B Earth v Secretary of State for Transport: Airport Expansion, the Paris Agreement and the Planning Act 2008." Journal of Environmental Law 32, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqaa010.
Анотація:
Abstract This case analysis considers the Court of Appeal’s decision in R (Plan B Earth and ors) v Secretary of State for Transport [2020] EWCA Civ 214, which followed the High Court challenge to the Secretary of State’s designation of the UK Airports National Policy Statement. The Court of Appeal found that the Secretary of State’s failure to take into account the UK’s commitment to the Paris Agreement when carrying out his duties under the Planning Act 2008 was unlawful. While permission to appeal this decision has been granted, it remains a notable judgment. The Plan B Earth case confirms the interaction between the UK’s climate change commitments and the statutory framework of the UK’s planning system. It also highlights the complexity of the Court’s institutional role in the context of environmental problems. Analysing the implications of this decision through a policymaking lens risks overlooking the role of public law principles that shaped the Court’s reasoning, defining the relationship between the Paris Agreement and the Planning Act.
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Madnor, Mohd Syukri, Aizul Nahar Harun, and Faizah Che Ros. "Exploring Gaps and Strategies: A Pilot Interview for Enhancing Disaster Risk Governance in Malaysia through Integrated Climate Change Adaptation for Resilience in the Future." PaperASIA 40, no. 3b (May 29, 2024): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i3b.110.
Анотація:
Global climate change has led to a surge in climate-related disasters. Effectively managing these crises requires adopting disaster risk reduction strategies that account for climate change's profound impact. This article explores gaps in Malaysia's disaster risk reduction governance and climate change adaptation through literature review and preliminary interview. It highlights critical shortcomings which are outdated policies, challenges in multiple disciplinary collaboration and data sharing, and a lack of a robust strategic plan. While these findings are not exhaustive, they open the opportunity and emphasize the pressing need for further research. Future studies should focus on uncovering networks among actors, policies, and practices in Malaysia to develop a governance framework for a safer and more sustainable future amid evolving climate challenges. This requires thorough examination of the overlaps and distinctions in both fields, paving the way for a governance strategy aligned with the Paris Agreement, Sustainable Development Goals, and Sendai Framework.
14
Machado, Carolina, and Santiago Bonilla-Bedoya. "Climate Change Adaptation in Ecuador: Analysis of the Regulatory Framework and its Alignment with International Standards." CienciAmérica 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2024): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33210/ca.v13i1.465.
Анотація:
INTRODUCTION. Climate change poses one of the most critical challenges of the 21st century, impacting all sectors of society. OBJECTIVE. To characterize Ecuador's political, normative, and regulatory framework for climate change adaptation in accordance with international standards. METHOD. A review of relevant secondary and documentary sources was conducted at international, regional, and national levels. This process involved examining secondary literature, identifying current regulatory frameworks, and synthesizing the theoretical framework across these levels. RESULTS. Ecuador has ratified the Paris Agreement and adopted the 2030 Agenda, integrating climate adaptation into national policies such as the National Climate Change Strategy (ENCC) and the National Adaptation Plan (PNA). Challenges include limited financial resources, accurate climate information, and inter-institutional coordination. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The review underscores the necessity of embedding adaptation measures into national policies to enhance the country's resilience, ensuring alignment with international commitments. Normative coherence from local to global scales is crucial for effective climate change adaptation.
15
Mitchell, Edward. "Climate change and nationally significant infrastructure projects: R (on the application of Plan B Earth) v Secretary of State for Transport." Environmental Law Review 22, no. 2 (June 2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461452920931325.
Анотація:
In R ( on the application of Plan B Earth) v Secretary of State for Transport [2020] EWCA Civ 214, [2020] 2 WLUK 372, the Court of Appeal held that the Secretary of State had acted unlawfully by failing to take into account the UK’s commitments in the 2015 Paris Agreement when he decided to designate a policy formulated to enable the construction of a third runway at Heathrow airport as a ‘national policy statement’ under the Planning Act 2008. An appeal to the Supreme Court is pending. The outcome of that appeal should help to clarify the legal significance of the Paris Agreement and will have significant implications both for expansion at Heathrow airport, for other major infrastructure projects and for other planning and environmental litigation.
16
Alekseev, P. V. "Assessment of the Modern Climate Policy of the European Union." Review of Business and Economics Studies 12, no. 1 (June 26, 2024): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2024-12-1-16-24.
Анотація:
One of the most important problems of the world community in the 21st century is global warming. To solve this problem, the Paris Climate Agreement was adopted in 2015. As part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement, on December 11, 2019, the European Union (EU) adopted the European Green Deal (EGD), which provides for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. On July 14, 2021, the EU adopted the climate program Fit for 55, aimed at implementing the EGD. On March 8, 2022, the EU adopted an ambitious strategy to stop importing fossil fuels from Russia and transit to renewable energy sources (REPowerEU). This article aims to assess the modern EU climate policy. The object of the study is the modern climate policy of the EU. The subject of the study is the impact of EU climate policy on the EU’s long-term competitive position in the global economy. The research methodology includes systemic, economic, institutional and logical analysis, induction, deduction and synthesis. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that the modern climate policy of the EU is a logical continuation of the implementation of the Marshall Plan to establish US domination over European countries with the aim of deindustrializing them. As a result of the implementation of this counterproductive policy, which is contrary to the national interests of the member states, the EU is experiencing stagflation, quickly losing its competitive position in the global economy. In this new reality, the EU faces the challenge of reviewing and adjusting climate policy in the region.
17
Willis, Rebecca. "Constructing a ‘Representative Claim’ for Action on Climate Change: Evidence from Interviews with Politicians." Political Studies 66, no. 4 (February 6, 2018): 940–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717753723.
Анотація:
At the 2015 Paris Summit, global leaders agreed a strategy to tackle climate change. Under the agreement, each country must prepare a national plan. What challenges does this pose for politicians? How do they reconcile their representative role with understandings of climate change and measures required to address it? This article analyses interviews with UK politicians, through the framework of the ‘representative claim’ developed by Michael Saward, seeing representation as a dynamic interaction between politicians and those they claim to represent. Thus, politicians need to construct a ‘representative claim’ to justify action on climate. Four different types of claims are identified: a ‘cosmopolitan’ claim, a ‘local prevention’ claim, a ‘co-benefits’ claim and a ‘surrogate’ claim. The analysis shows that it is not straightforward for a politician to argue that action is in the interests of their electorate and that climate advocates need to support efforts to construct and defend claims.
18
Sharma, Neeraj, and Krishnasamy Parameswaran. "An appraisal of the measures taken by the Indian Government to attain sustainable development goals and to meet the commitments of the Paris Agreement." Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202315206.
Анотація:
India has been at the forefront of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases even before the countries agreed upon the Paris Agreement. India has designed the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC). The effort shows the sensitivity of the country towards the climate issues. The country has seen lot of progress in the direction from laying down the different mission under NAPCC in the year 2008 to submission of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, in 2015. The Country has been making strides to achieve the goals set out in the INDCC. It has been seen that goal pertaining to the installed capacity of renewable energy is on the path of being achieved before the schedule. The commitment with which Indian government has been working towards meeting its targets set out in the INDCC, shows the country is determined to contribute in achieving the climate neutrality, much essential to safeguard the Mother Earth and the humanity. The Researcher has discussed the Policy measures adopted by India in order to achieve the targets set out in the INDCC. The Researcher has relied on the Government data and Report of the independent institutions, in order to analysis the progress of the country with respect to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement.
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Verchick, Robert R. M. "Can ‘loss and damage’ carry the load?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2119 (April 2, 2018): 20170070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0070.
Анотація:
Even assuming a heroic rush towards carbon reduction and adaptation, some regions of the world will be hammered hard by climate impacts. Thus, a global consensus now sees the need for a supplemental plan to deal with the kind of harms that cannot be avoided—what Parties call ‘loss and damage’. For a loss-and-damage plan to work, it must be capable of carrying the load, the load being whatever minimal standards that morality and political consensus require. But if residual risk climbs too high, it will fall short of even the most basic expectations. The Paris Agreement calls for holding the rise in global average temperature to ‘well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels’, while working to limit the increase to 1.5°C. How much difference is in that half-degree? From the point of view of residual risk, quite a lot. According to a 2016 study published by the European Geosciences Union, a jump from 1.5°C to 2°C could produce outsize impacts, particularly in tropical latitudes. That difference could mark the line between a plan that is politically and morally defensible and one that is not. At the very least, the difference is enough to inform the design and expectations of any future plan. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels’.
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Harpreet Kaur and Dr. Ramesh Kumar. "India and Climate Changes: A Study of Legal Framework." Legal Research Development 7, no. IV (June 30, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v7n4.4.
Анотація:
In the world, several countries are facing challenges due to climate change, out of them India’s main environmental problem is Climate change along with several other problems. This problem is affecting the living style of people and the country’s economy. The main cause of Climate variation is the accumulation of GHGs in the environment. Recent occurrences have unequivocally shown how vulnerable we are to climate variation. The consequence of climate change/variation will affect everything from cultivation to human health. After many years of the launch of NAPCC finally Indian Government on June 30, 2008, decided to bring into action the climate change plan to reduce/mitigate and adapt to change in climate. Further, there were many other responses to Climate variation to finance and advance clean energy activities as well as sponsoring research in the field, the Indian government established the NCEF in 2010 and the Paris Agreement in which India made three commitments. Ecosystems and social systems already under intense pressure from rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth will be further strained by climate change. This paper will deal with what climate change is- how India is affected by Climate variation - How our Country is adapting to the collision of Climate change/variation- whether the Climate variation legislation is properly implemented or not- what the directions are given by NGT to the Indian government.
21
Dinerstein, E., C. Vynne, E. Sala, A. R. Joshi, S. Fernando, T. E. Lovejoy, J. Mayorga, et al. "A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets." Science Advances 5, no. 4 (April 2019): eaaw2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869.
Анотація:
The Global Deal for Nature (GDN) is a time-bound, science-driven plan to save the diversity and abundance of life on Earth. Pairing the GDN and the Paris Climate Agreement would avoid catastrophic climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services. New findings give urgency to this union: Less than half of the terrestrial realm is intact, yet conserving all native ecosystems—coupled with energy transition measures—will be required to remain below a 1.5°C rise in average global temperature. The GDN targets 30% of Earth to be formally protected and an additional 20% designated as climate stabilization areas, by 2030, to stay below 1.5°C. We highlight the 67% of terrestrial ecoregions that can meet 30% protection, thereby reducing extinction threats and carbon emissions from natural reservoirs. Freshwater and marine targets included here extend the GDN to all realms and provide a pathway to ensuring a more livable biosphere.
22
Revich, Boris A., V. V. Maleev, M. D. Smirnova, and N. Yu Pshenichnaya. "RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTION PLANS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH FROM CLIMATE RISKS." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-2-176-181.
Анотація:
The Paris climate agreement confirmed that climate change continues to pose a global concern and required all Parties to put forward their best efforts to protect public health. In the conditions of global warming, climate-induced risks gained importance as a public health hazard and confirmed the need to develop national action plans. Such plans shall be developed locally, taking into account the requirements of the National Action Plan for adaptation to health risks induced by changing climate. This manuscript presents the data on climate-dependent mortality. The global annual burden of excess deaths attributed to climate change is over 150,000 cases, which leads to a loss of 5.5 million years of productive life per year. Early warning systems have been adopted in many countries, with the goal to prevent heat-related deaths. If such a system were implemented in Moscow, eleven thousand excess deaths could have been avoided during the extremely hot summer of 2010. Heat watch warning systems are based on scientific data on heat thresholds. On the days with temperatures above such thresholds, climate-dependent mortality increases. Such thresholds have been established in the environmental epidemiology studies conducted in Moscow, Northern and Southern cities, the cities with continental and monsoon climates. The experience of implementation of early warning systems during extreme weather events was analyzed. The relative powers of bioclimatic indices as predictors of daily mortality rates during extreme weather events were compared. To prevent complications of cardiovascular diseases, a set of protective measures was proposed which included cardiology medications, recommendations on personal behavior and drinking habits during extreme heat, and other measures. The risks and examples of occurrence and northward propagation of climate-dependent infectious diseases such as Siberian anthrax, West Nile fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and dirofilariasis, were described.
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Zadorin, Maksim Yu. "Overview of International Standards and Russian Legislation on Climate Change Adaptation." Arctic and North, no. 53 (December 26, 2023): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.53.273.
Анотація:
The article provides a brief overview of international legal standards and Russian legislation in the field of climate change adaptation. Currently, states are adopting the so-called “climate adaptation plans” and “strategies”, each of which has its own specifics depending on the country, economics, population and the challenges they are caused by. The author aims to reveal the key provisions of the Convention on Cli-mate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement in the context of climate change adaptation, the role of UNEP in the UN system on this issue, as well as the standard forms of “national plans”, which are proposed as framework by international organizations. It is concluded that the majority of international treaties do not attempt to impose a single standard of climate adaptation commitments for all countries without exception, but adopt a flexible approach for specific groups of countries. A review of existing practices on this issue is made, depending on the climatic zone and existing domestic institutions. A separate part is devoted to the Russian legal system in the field of climate adaptation, from legal support to the stages of implementation of the national plan.
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Bongso, Choirul. "KEBIJAKAN DONALD TRUMP MENARIK AMERIKA SERIKAT DARI KESEPAKATAN PARIS TAHUN (2016-2020)." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 326–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i2.365.
Анотація:
This article aims to describe the United States' environmental foreign policy in the Donald Trump regime as well as to analyze the causes or factors that determine Trump's policy in withdrawing the United States from the Paris Agreement directly after he replaced the previous president, Barack Obama. Qualitative research methods, descriptive-explanatory and literature review were used, and used the Rational Actor Model described by Mohtar Mas'oed and Thomas Burch in looking at the foreign policy taken by Trump as the executive leader. The results of the study found that Trump's actions responded to the policies of the global climate regime to secure the accumulation of profits from the electricity industry which contributed large revenues to the country's GDP treasury and fulfilled its political promises to its supporters. Trump calculated that there would be losses in the economic sector and domestic coal resources due to the Clean Power Plan policy
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Galbraith, Jean. "Two Faces of Foreign Affairs Federalism and What They Mean for Climate Change Mitigation." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.73.
Анотація:
President Trump has done the impossible: he has made the international community enthusiastic about U.S. federalism. Even as they express dismay at Trump's plan to abandon the Paris Agreement, foreign leaders and internationalists have praised the efforts of U.S. states and cities to combat climate change mitigation in accordance with the Agreement's goals. These leaders are responding to what I will call the outer face of foreign affairs federalism—the direct international engagement undertaken by U.S. states and cities. This outer face has gained visibility in recent years, spurred on not only by the exigencies of climate but also by developments in legal practice. Less noticed internationally but of great practical importance is the inner face of foreign affairs federalism—the ways in which U.S. states and cities interact with the federal government. In this contribution, I first describe these two faces of foreign affairs federalism as they relate to climate and then suggest some ways in which foreign leaders and internationalists could expand the outer face and respond to the inner face.
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Eckart, Sylvi, Juliane Jäger, Nicolas Kerz, and Andreas Rietz. "Development of scientific requirements for climate-neutral buildings and sustainable funding schemes in Germany." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 38 (December 21, 2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.38.0084.
Анотація:
The German Climate Protection Plan 2050 describes interim targets and measures for the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement, including the building sector. With the “New European Bauhaus”, the EU Commission has currently initiated an ambitious process. While new construction has been in the foreground up to now, the existing building stock must make a significant contribution to achieving the climate protection goals in the future. Robust building technology and a high degree of adaptability lead to a longer useful life and are thus more sustainable, both economically and in terms of ecological balance. Resilience to the consequences of climate change is gaining in importance.The main goal of this contribution is to inform about the latest developments in governmental policies and subsidy schemes. As part of the National Climate Protection Programme 2030, the new “Federal Funding for Efficient Buildings (BEG)” was introduced in 2021. Research projects investigated how, with the introduction of efficiency house classes, funding can take greater account of the life cycle approach and other aspects of sustainability. At the same time, general and special requirements for the ecological, socio-cultural and economic quality were developed as a supplement to the existing certification systems and introduced by the Federal Building Ministry as “Quality Seal for Sustainable Buildings” (QNG).
27
., Saritta. "THE QUALITIES OF HUMAN BEING." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 10, no. 50 (April 1, 2022): 12446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v10i50.10170.
Анотація:
1. The sources of electricity production such as coal, oil, and natural gas have contributed to one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential to raise the standard of living by providing cleaner and more reliable electricity . India has an increasing energy demand to fulfill the economic development plans that are being implemented. The provision of increasing quanta of energy is a vital pre-requisite for the economic growth of a country. The National Electricity Plan [NEP] framed by the Ministry of Power (MoP) has developed a 10-year detailed action plan with the objective to provide electricity across the country, and has prepared a further plan to ensure that power is supplied to the citizens efficiently and at a reasonable cost. According to the World Resource Institute Report 2017 , India is responsible for nearly 6.65% of total global carbon emissions, ranked fourth next to China (26.83%), the USA (14.36%), and the EU (9.66%). Climate change might also change the ecological balance in the world. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) have been submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement. The latter has hoped to achieve the goal of limiting the rise in global temperature to well below 2 °C . According to a World Energy Council prediction, global electricity demand will peak in 2030. India is one of the largest coal consumers in the world and imports costly fossil fuel . Close to 74% of the energy demand is supplied by coal and oil.
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Nikolić, Jelena, Dušan Gordic, Vladimir Vukašinović, Mladen Josijević, and Dubravka Živković. "Planiranje energetske budućnosti grada: SWOT analiza – Studija slučaja grada Kragujevca." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija 25, no. 2 (2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee23-2.22n.
Анотація:
Reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving climate neutrality is one of the main challenges nowadays. In this regard, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is the goal of energy planning in various countries worldwide. The Republic of Serbia announced a draft ntegrated National Energy and Climate Plan of the Republic of Serbia for the period 2030 with the projections up to 2050, in response to both the global aspiration and the Paris Agreement. Yet, since cities utilize more than 75% of primary energy globally, they should be considered when it comes to long-term energy planning at the national level. Achieving climate-neutral cities requires time and extensive analysis of energy potential. This paper aims to implement a SWOT analysis of planning the future energy system, with a case study of the city of Kragujevac. The paper outlines all the benefits and factors that can help stakeholders on the road to a climate-neutral city and any potential drawbacks. The utilized SWOT analysis was done in accordance with all available data and it results in the presentation of current energy needs and an insight into possible future directions of energy development of the City of Kragujevac concerning national and local energy policy-
29
Bellè, Beatrice Maria, and Alessandro Deserti. "Urban Greening Plans: A Potential Device towards a Sustainable and Co-Produced Future." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2024): 5033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16125033.
Анотація:
Within the last few years, there has been increasing attention towards climate change and strategies enabling climate neutrality and biodiversity development. Green spaces are one of the main elements in achieving these ambitious goals. Their role has become increasingly relevant in facing climate change, especially considering that Europe aims to be the first continent to be climate-neutral by 2050. In doing so, recently, the European Commission adopted different regulations with a specific focus on the role of green spaces, introducing strategies and activities for sustainable development. The article investigates the role of green spaces in urban planning, considering three main perspectives in dealing with them: (i) the nature of their property, (ii) their ecological nature, and (iii) their social and public nature. After describing green spaces as crucial for contemporary urban development, this article will introduce a potential planning tool enabling the combination of the three different ‘natures’: the Urban Greening Plan. The article presents the two case studies of Barcelona and Paris, which have already adopted this instrument. The article highlights the potential of Urban Greening Plans to restore nature and biodiversity while engaging different stakeholders in co-creation processes for more sustainable development. It also critically introduces a variety of open questions that require further investigations and analyses.
30
Febriyanti, Amira Hasna, Sayyid Al Murtadho, and Yassriani Almattushyva. "Not So Ambitious? Indonesia’s Coal Dependence Amidst The Era of Energy Transition." Global South Review 5, no. 1 (September 15, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.81488.
Анотація:
Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement to combat climate change and pledged to reduce its carbon emissions. This commitment, however, contrasts Indonesia's development plan under Joko Widodo's administration. His policy has enabled the development of additional power plants, hence perpetuating Indonesia's reliance on coal. Thus, it is essential to examine why Indonesia is still struggling to break free from its dependence on coal, despite its ambitious goal to tackle climate change. This paper will apply the Copenhagen School's securitisation theory to explore how security is defined and shapes Indonesia's energy transition process. Furthermore, this research will use distributive and procedural justice theory to examine the decision-making process and climate change policy implementation. In order to accomplish so, we will employ qualitative methods such as desk studies, which will comprise academic literature as well as government statements and regulations. This paper argues that Indonesia's energy transition is impeded by how other security issues are prioritised above climate change. In addition, the lack of justice principles in the climate policy formulation and implementation has contributed to Indonesia's reliance on coal. Since Indonesia is the world's largest coal exporter and one of the top ten global polluters, this study intends to contribute to identifying challenges in the transition to renewable energy.Keywords: Indonesia; coal dependence; energy transition; securitisation; distributive and procedural justice
31
Jelavić, Vladimir, and Valentina Delija-Ružić. "Multisektorski pristup u tranziciji prema niskougljičnom razvoju i ciljevima Zelenog akcionog plana EU – iskustva Republike Hrvatske." Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija 23, no. 3 (2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/eee21-3.26j.
Анотація:
The paper will describe a multisectoral approach in development of long-term planning documents based on the example of developing background papers for low-carbon development strategy in the Republic of Croatia until 2030, with a view to the year 2050. As part of its obligations under the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (EU 2018/1999), the Republic of Croatia is obliged to develop an Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan and a Long-Term Decarbonisation Strategy. New strategic goals of the Green Plan for Europe, intended to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and raise global competitiveness of the European economy, set an ambitious goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Fulfilling that vision requires a multidisciplinary approach as it does not suffice to reduce emissions from energy, industry, general consumption and transport, but it is necessary to increase removals in agricultural and LULUCF sectors. The paper will describe the development process, the engagement of numerous stakeholders, the methodological approach and the main outcomes. The analyses include detailed modelling in energetics, by economic sectors and natural carbon storage of the LULUCF sector. There are comments on synergistic energy challenges and on maintaining a secure food supply, as well as on sustainable forest management, achieving clean air, use of space and more.
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Boschee, Pam. "Comments: COP26: Pledges and Missed Targets." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1221-0008-jpt.
Анотація:
COP26 concluded with mixed results. It was the first formal opportunity since the 2015 Paris Agreement for countries to revise their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) for the 2030 targets and to offer long-term greenhouse-gas reduction strategies to 2050. Pledges were made. Early indications suggest that if the pledges covering about 90% of global emissions are followed by action and completed in full and on time, a temperature increase of around 1.8°C to 2.1°C by 2100 could be seen. But without stronger actions taken to 2030, the temperature will likely be higher, according to IPIECA. The Paris Agreement set a global framework “to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It also aims to strengthen countries’ ability to deal with the impacts of climate change and support them in their efforts.” Even before COP26 began, a pledge made in 2009 and reaffirmed at the 2015 Paris meeting was stirring up frustration. A target was missed for rich countries to provide poor nations with $100 billion in aid each year to confront global warming. Current data show the goal, which was to have been met in 2020, won’t be reached until 2023—3 years later than agreed. The report was compiled by Canada’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Jonathan Wilkinson, and Germany’s Deputy Environment Minister, Jochen Flasbarth. They drew on international climate finance tracking data provided by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Flasbarth, quoted by the Associated Press, said, “Not all of our conversations were really (...) polite,” referring to talks that had taken place with rich and poor nations in recent weeks. A catch-up plan was drafted for COP26. Alok Sharma, the UK official who chaired the talks about this issue, said, “The plan provides confidence that the $100 billion will be met in 2023, and importantly, it projects that the $100 billion will be exceeded in subsequent years, with up to $117 billion being mobilized in 2025.” While it’s clear that much work needs to be done to move toward the temperature goal, it also can’t be denied that incremental progress has been made. Business models, practices, and operations have changed across the oil and gas industry and will continue to do so as energy transition, climate, and oil and gas prices drive decisions. A case in point was Shell’s announcement on 15 November that it intends to move its tax residence from the Netherlands to the UK, where it is incorporated. CEO Ben van Beurden and other top executives will move to a UK corporate headquarters. One of the reasons given was that “ … it’s even more important that we have an increased ability to accelerate the transition to a lower-carbon global energy system. A simpler structure will enable Shell to speed up the delivery of its Powering Progress strategy, while creating value for our shareholders, customers, and wider society.” COP27 is scheduled for December 2022 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Another tallying of actions delivering on pledges will take place and the world will be watching—skeptics, supporters, and those who have acted to build the momentum toward the goal.
33
Mortimer, Anastasia, Temitope Egbelakin, and Willy Sher. "Policy interventions for disaster-related internal displacement in Australia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 022030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022030.
Анотація:
Abstract It is projected that internal displacement of populations in the aftermath of natural hazards will occur more frequently due to climate change [1]. However, to date, 35 nations have implemented policy or legal protections at a national level to plan for displacement or to protect the rights of internally displaced people (IDPs) [2]. While no cohesive national strategy for internal displacement has been developed in Australia, a thematic analysis of climate change, disasters, and emergency management policies was conducted to determine if Australian policy acknowledges the issue of internal displacement or plans for its effects. The study found that Australian policy fails to recognise the needs of IDPs and the threat of displacement risk. The failure of national governments to implement policy and legislation on internal displacement has the potential to undermine the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and stifle the progression of international initiatives such as the Sendai Framework and the Paris Climate Agreement. Furthermore, the lack of recognition for the issue at the governmental level contributes to disaster displacement risk creation, placing vulnerable populations at risk of displacement and associated stressors. As displacement governance is an integral part of addressing the human impacts of climate change and natural hazards [3], this research suggests how displacement risk could be reduced in Australia through national-level policy interventions.
34
Kramens, Jānis, Edgars Vīgants, Ivars Liepiņš, Linards Vērnieks, and Viktorija Terjanika. "Research of a Biomass Boiler with Stirling Engine Microgeneration Unit." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0043.
Анотація:
Abstract A number of intergovernmental agreements, the most important of which are the Paris Agreement (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change) and the European Green Deal, provide for resource efficiency and the reduction of greenhouse gas and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) emissions to 2030 (short-term program to reduce emissions by at least 55 %) and to achieve emissions-neutral production, transport and household activities by 2050. The European Union (EU) has taken the lead in developing and implementing climate change mitigation policies for both industrial and private residential homes in the world through a green course. As an EU country, Latvia has joined both the EU-level climate policy and developed its policy, regulatory documents and action plans for 2021–2030 (Latvia’s National Energy and Climate Plan for 2021–2030), climate policy, including a policy aimed at significantly reducing GHG emissions and increasing efficiency in the household sector. Achieving these climate policy goals requires both a change in human habits and more efficient technologies. This article discusses one of the technological solutions that can reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and the release of PM2.5 and PM10 from individual heating systems in private homes and small commercial facilities. Calculations of electrical energy production in mCHP mode of the system for household self-consumption based on experiments will be done. The technology involves the production of heat from biomass or other types of renewable energy sources while generating electricity for self-consumption. Conclusions of CHP mode on overall efficiency will be done.
35
Mu, Lan, Lan Fang, Yuhong Liu, and Chencheng Wang. "Identifying Barriers and Enablers for Climate Change Adaptation of Farmers in Semi-Arid North-Western China." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 7494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187494.
Анотація:
The changing climate represents a large challenge for farmers, and adaptation responses are necessary to minimize impacts. Mixed approaches, which involve the analysis of meteorological data, web-based surveys, and face-to-face interviews, explore producers’ barriers and pressing needs to enhance climate resilience based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach in semi-arid north-western China. According to the main categories of farming activity, 85 crop farmers, 68 animal farmers, and 81 agro-tourism operators were interviewed. We found that most of the producers perceived climate impacts, and they encountered multiple adaptation obstacles, of which institutional and normative obstacles were more serious, such as farmers unable to obtain resources or government incentives, lacked scientific, and efficient coping measures. The survey also observed that crop farmers had a pressing need for agricultural subsidies, while animal farmers and agro-tourism operators had a strong enabler for animal housing infrastructure and credit facilities, respectively. Given the heterogeneity of the context and climate change experience of different categories of farmers, it is necessary to formulate flexible adaptation strategies and adjust them according to specific climate stress and farming conditions. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and implement the 2015 Paris Agreement, policymakers should plan and introduce appropriate adaptation strategies to minimize the adverse effects of climate change such as improving irrigation and weather forecasting system through technological advancement, cost reduction of farm inputs, ensuring availability of information, providing agricultural subsidies to the farmers, and increasing the access to agricultural markets.
36
Zein, Mufrida, Muhammad Ghalih, and Rina Pebriana. "Assessment of Grey Forecasting Model: Study Case for Electrification Rate in Indonesia from 2012 to 2021." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, no. 4 (January 10, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.157.
Анотація:
In 2021, Indonesia was 99.45% electrified. That year's aim was 100%. Due of Indonesia's 17,000 islands, electrifying rural settlements is tough. Depending on network size and demand, Indonesia's energy mix varies, however it often includes coal. After adopting the Paris Climate Agreement, Indonesia vowed to increase renewable energy to 23% by 2025. Indonesia's renewable energy production has increased. The government expects coal to be important in coming decades. The GM (1, 1) model of Grey theory was used to estimate Indonesia's electrification rate from 2012 to 2021. The model's average residual error is above 5%, according to the calculation. Indonesia's electrification rate is expected to grow annually. According to the trials, the recommended technique boosts the forecasting accuracy of the original Grey models and gives Indonesia a helpful reference for designing the action plan.
37
Willis, Rebecca. "The role of national politicians in global climate governance." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619887464.
Анотація:
The scientific case for co-ordinated global governance of the climate system is firmly established, but how does this fit with a politician’s mandate as a democratically elected representative? What role do national politicians think they can and should play in climate governance? This paper tests these questions empirically, using data from interviews with 23 Members of the UK Parliament, and a focus group of civil society advocates, conducted between 2016 and 2018. A global goal to limit climate change has been agreed through the 2015 Paris Agreement. Yet while the Agreement sets a clear goal, the means to achieve it remain firmly at the level of the nation-state, with each country assuming responsibility for its own national plan. Thus national administrations, run by elected politicians, have a crucial role to play. This study shows that, while Members of the UK Parliament have an understanding of the challenges posed by climate change and wider changes to earth systems, few have yet been able to operationalise this understanding into meaningful responses at the national level. The study highlights two, linked, reasons for this. First, politicians’ ability to act – their agency – is limited by the practicalities and procedures of everyday politics, and by the norms and cultures of their working life. Second, UK politicians feel little pressure from their electors to act on climate change, and have to work to justify why action on climate change carries democratic legitimacy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research, in the light of the recent high-profile climate protests and declarations of a ‘climate emergency’. It argues that politicians, working with other stakeholders, need support in order to articulate the scale and significance of global climate governance, and craft responses which build democratic support for further action.
38
Nuraliyev, Almuhan, Yalkin Adilov, and Azamat Esenbekov. "Prospect for the use of the solar updraft tower project for the generation of electrical energy in the republic of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 384 (2023): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338401054.
Анотація:
Fulfilling the decision of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (COP-21 of the UNFCCC) dated December 12, 2015, the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan has developed and adopted an energy development plan of the Republic for 2020-2030. The plan provides for the construction of 3 GW of wind and 5 GW of solar power plants annually. RES will generate electrical energy in parallel with the generation of energy by thermal stations and transfer it to the general energy system. The main disadvantage of the joint operation of RES and thermal power plants is the need to have standby generating capacity due to the fact that the sources of solar and wind energy are fickle by nature. System costs rise with the increasing share of renewable energy sources. The Solar Updraft Tower project is a renewable energy option that does not have the main disadvantage of other types of renewable energy sources - the variability of electricity production and therefore is more acceptable for operating conditions in a single energy system. The article discusses and evaluates the Solar Updraft Tower (SUT) project for the generation of electrical energy, taking into account the conditions of Uzbekistan.
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Alekseeva, Nina. "The climatic vector of ecological and economic modernization of China." Asia and Africa Today, no. 9 (2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750018521-5.
Анотація:
China plays a key role in the global climate situation, it accounts for 31% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2021. The main problems and achievements of China’s climate policy and the related changes in the economy and environmental development of the country are analyzed. The climate agenda is being implemented along with the task of building an “ecological civilization” (2012). The institutional framework for the implementation of China’s climate policy, including the activities of the National Plan on Climate Change for 2014-2020 and five-year plans, was considered. In parallel with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, much attention is paid to combating air pollution, especially in cities. China has made significant progress in carbon dioxide sequestration, ranking first in the world in terms of forest plantations. Despite China’s leading position in the use of renewable energy sources, electricity consumption from fossil fuels (mainly coal) is still high. On the basis of statistical data, the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in the context of energy development since the 1990s is considered. The achievements of the People’s Republic of China in the field of modernization of a number of sectors of the economy are analyzed: the development of solar and wind energy, increasing energy efficiency in industry, construction and the transformation of transport. Success in this direction was demonstrated during the preparation and hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Despite the obvious success of China, its contribution to the achievement of the Paris Agreement goals is assessed as insufficient.
40
Azis, Abd, Tiara Marshanda Andrian, and Dinda Nurhaliza Akhrianti. "The REPowerEU: An EU Climate Ambitions and Its Implications On Russian-European Energy Geopolitics Stability." Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs 3, no. 2 (April 12, 2023): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51413/jisea.vol3.iss2.2022.152-165.
Анотація:
As the third largest carbon-emitting country in the world, the European Union has more responsibility to address the problem of preventing climate change. However, the climate management policies implemented by the European Union need to be more effective to achieve the long-term targets in the Paris Agreement. Responding to this, the European Union is planning a new policy, REPowerEU. REPowerEU is a follow-up effort from the European Union towards a clean energy transition and a form of Europe's anger towards Russia's geopolitical energy behaviour. In addition, the REPowerEU Plan is a tool the European Union uses to break away from energy dependence on Russia so that it can be more independent in determining foreign policy. This study aims to assess the impact of the implementation of the European Union's energy policy on Russian-European political stability. This study uses qualitative methods by collecting data through literature studies. This research is analyzed using the neoclassical realism paradigm based on energy geopolitics. It found that there are positive and negative impact in applying REPowerEU to decrease dependency of Russia’s energy supply to Europe.
41
Prentice, Joshua. "The Revision of the European Union’s Emissions Trading System Ahead of the Fourth Trading Period, 2021–2030." Climate Law 8, no. 3-4 (October 31, 2018): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00803013.
Анотація:
The EU ETS is the cornerstone of the European Union’s climate policy. The EU ETS will play a decisive role in the European Union plan to meet its commitments under the Paris Agreement. In November 2017, following more than two years of negotiations, EU member states and the European Parliament reached a final agreement on the revision of the EU ETS for the period 2021–2030. The final agreement struck an important, ambitious balance on a number of measures designed to ensure that the EU ETS achieves its legislative aims of promoting emission reductions in a cost-effective manner. The negotiations also provide a number of policy lessons for future negotiations relating to the role of EU institutions and the rules for free allocation which will be important for the EU ETS to meet its legislative objectives. 1
42
GHEDHAB, Mohamed Elamine, Ikram El ABBASSI, Rafik ABSI, and Yannick MÉLINGE. "Numerical study of the effect of DSF walls geometrical shape on heat transfer." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001005.
Анотація:
The building envelope is an important element that influences energy performance, both in terms of gains and losses. Indeed, much research has focused on improving and optimizing this element. The façade represents the main component of the envelope; it plays a crucial role lying in the protection of the internal environment of the building from external climate variations, by providing thermal comfort to its occupants. In order to gain in energy efficiency, a numerical investigation (CFD) on the influence of the geometric shape of façades on heat exchange in the building is carried out in this work. More particularly, the study will be established on double skin façades (DSF) representing the most commonly used facade typology on high-rise buildings. The simulations will be carried out taking into account the climate in Paris region. The first part will be dedicated to the definition of the basic model, which will be considered as a reference case with plan surfaces on the outside and inside of the building. In the second part, the influence of the shape of the external façade on heat exchange will be discussed.
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Schau, Erwin M., Igor Gavrić, Iztok Šušteršič, Eva Prelovšek Niemelä, Balázs Dávid, Jaka Gašper Pečnik, David B. DeVallance, and Črtomir Tavzes. "Modelling the Slovenian Wood Industry’s Response to the Greenhouse Gas Paris Agreement and the EU “Fit for 55” Green Transition Plan." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 22, 2023): 8376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108376.
Анотація:
Almost 200 nations, including the European Union, have signed the Paris Agreement that aims to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To meet this target, a significant decrease in GHG emissions by 2030 and net zero by 2050 is necessary. To determine the role of wood products in achieving a 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, we investigated Slovenia’s potential, which has close to 60% forested areas. Therefore, the country could use wood-based products to achieve the agreed-upon climate goals. Nevertheless, uncertainties remain regarding the extent to which increased tree harvesting, local manufacturing, and the utilization of wood products can aid in substituting fossil-derived materials and reducing GHG emissions. A new model was constructed to increase the understanding of the wood products’ (throughout the forest-based industrial ecosystem, incl. construction) potential contribution to reaching the stated emissions targets. Using this linear programming (LP) mathematical optimisation model and carbon footprint calculations based on life cycle assessment methods, a wood flow distribution, the financial investment needed to process these quantities, and the GHG emissions produced and/or saved were calculated. The findings stipulated that Slovenia has the potential to achieve 55 % less GHG emissions by 2030 by expanding logging to at least 3 million m3 and converting the timber to a larger amount of long service-life wooden items made (and utilised) within the country. Such products accumulate carbon for a long time and decrease the need for materials that cause higher GHG emissions. Concomitantly, a better appreciation of the substitution effects in official carbon accounting would be needed. Moreover, to materialize the potential decrease in emissions would require Slovenia’s construction sector to replace fossil- and mineral-based materials with lignocellulosic products, and to increase the capacity to utilize lower-quality wood in high added value applications, which would require significant investment. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of diverse optimisation outcomes obtained from the investigation into climate action through the use of wood products in Slovenia.
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Wahyudin, Wahyudin, Said Sampara, and Hamza Baharuddin. "Kebijakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Penanggulangan Krisis Iklim Di Indonesia." Kalabbirang Law Journal 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.kalabbirang122.
Анотація:
Kebijakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Penanggulangan Krisis Iklim di Indonesia sampai saat ini telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia secara bertahap. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan keikutsertaan Pemerintah didalam Konvensi Perubahan Iklim, protocol Kyoto , Paris Agremeent , dan Bali Roadmap. berkomitmen bersama Negara-negara anggota PBB menandatangani Komitmen didalam forum Internasional untuk ikut menanggulangi pemanasan global. Komitmen tersebut dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang, Peraturan Pemerintah dan pengejawantahan komitmen tersebut di tuangkan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca. 2) Upaya Pengendalian Krisis Iklim di Indonesia dilakukan melalui adaptasi dan mitigasi, Upaya adaptasi, difokuskan pada area yang rentan terhadap perubahan iklim, yakni: sumber daya air, pertanian, perikanan, pesisir dan laut, infrastruktur dan pemukiman, kesehatan, dan kehutanan. Upaya mitigasi dengan cara menghemat penggunaan listrik dan air, Melakukan 5R (Rethink, Reduce, Reuce, Recycle, Replace), Memanfaatkan energi alam semaksimal mungkin, Menggunakan peralatan ramah lingkungan, Melakukan kegiatan penghijauan, Efektivitas penggunaan kendaraan, Mengajak orang-orang sekitar Anda untuk melakukan hal yang sama.
The Environmental Law Policy on Overcoming the Climate Crisis in Indonesia to date has been carried out by the Government of Indonesia in stages. This is evidenced by the Government's participation in the Climate Change Convention, the Kyoto protocol, the Paris Agremeent, and the Bali Roadmap. commit with the United Nations member states to sign a commitment in an international forum to help combat global warming. The commitment is outlined in the Law, Government Regulation and the manifestation of that commitment is contained in Presidential Regulation No. 61 of 2011 concerning the National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2) Efforts to Control the Climate Crisis in Indonesia are carried out through adaptation and mitigation. Adaptation efforts are focused on areas that are vulnerable to climate change, namely: water resources, agriculture, fisheries, coastal and marine, infrastructure and settlement, health and forestry. Mitigation efforts by saving electricity and water use, Performing 5R (Rethink, Reduce, Reuce, Recycle, Replace), Utilizing natural energy as much as possible, Using environmentally friendly equipment, Conducting greening activities, Effectiveness of vehicle use, Inviting people around you to do the same thing.
45
Ilkiv, Nataliia. "Prospects for the development of legal regulation of Green Recovery in Ukraine." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2023.6.12.
Анотація:
Ukraine has committed itself to developing and implementing long-term measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As a party to the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the state is obliged to make its nationally determined contribution to achieve the goals of sustainable low-carbon development of all sectors of the economy and increase the ability to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. The official announcement of joining the European Green Deal demonstrates Ukraine’s unwavering intention to overcome the challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation by transforming into a modern resource-efficient and competitive economy. In June 2022, Ukraine was granted the status of a candidate for EU membership. These measures should be implemented despite Russia’s anti-Ukrainian armed aggression and difficult economic challenges.
The purpose of this work is to determine the main directions of development of the legal mechanism for preventing climate change, which is being formed in the context of military realities, while ensuring that Ukraine strictly complies with its obligations under the European Green Deal.
It is concluded that when developing the conceptual legal framework of the environmental security component as part of the Strategy for Post-War Recovery and Development of Ukraine and the relevant Action Plan, as well as sectoral programs for the restoration of the State, an appropriate climate policy should be formulated, coordinated with Ukraine’s further European integration.
These include updated priority measures of the national climate policy, broad state support for environmental protection measures; digitalization of environmental relations; provision of funding for measures and investments aimed at developing competitive renewable generation and improving existing infrastructure, developing the potential of the hydrogen ecosystem, increasing the energy efficiency of buildings through the integration of renewable energy sources, decarbonizing insulation and cooling of buildings, ensuring the development of transport with low.
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Konstantinov, Artem, Tat'yana Koroleva, Ivan Torzhkov, and Elizaveta Kushnir. "INSTITUTIONAL METHODS AND FORMS OF MONITORING OF MEASURES' EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE ADAPTATION OF FOREST SECTOR TO CLIMATE CHANGES." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.4/20.
Анотація:
The Russian Federation, being a party to the Paris Agreement, implements its national policy and appropriately takes measures to plan and implement actions in the field of adaptation to climate change, including programs and activities, the implementation of which helps to reduce emissions or increase the absorption of greenhouse gases. Currently existing forms of planning, implementation and monitoring of the results of forestry sector adaptation to climate changes require functioning of continuous monitoring of the results obtained in order to timely adjust measures and understand the current status of achieving target indicators. The purpose of this study is to develop proposals for the organization and implementation of a monitoring system to assess the effectiveness of the implemented measures for adapting the forest sector of the Russian economy to climate change (taking into account the existing international experience). As a result of the analysis of existing approaches aimed at monitoring the achieved level of progress in relation to the process related to adaptation plans and the effectiveness of their implementation, taking into account foreign experience in the implementation of the monitoring and evaluation system, the following conclusions can be drawn: monitoring and evaluation system should be built on the basis of performance goals, which can be defined as an assessment of the achievement of adaptation targets, support for managerial decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, or obtaining information and understanding of adaptation processes
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Tomić, Aleksandra. "Multicriteria selection of the optimal energy mix during the world energy crisis." Industrija 49, no. 3-4 (2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija49-36588.
Анотація:
Sustainable development is feasible through energy transition. The key elements of such transition are: the implementation of energy efficiency measures, the use of renewable resources, tackling climate change and environmental protection. It is known that the EU has established a legally binding framework for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement from 2015, as well as ambitious goals through the 2030 Agenda. Since Serbia signed Sofia Declaration from 2020, it will create new Energy Strategy and technical study based upon existing energy sources, to get to the aim of optimal energy mix. This will take into account the electricity system and energy security, as well as the economic and financial analysis of the proposed technical solutions of the optimal mix. In this paper, a multi-criteria analysis has been developed for the purpose of evaluating the results and selecting the scenarios on the basis of which the draft of the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan will be prepared. The basis for this analysis should be the selection of the optimal energy mix that will be continuously monitored with special reference to the period of energy crises, when there are major disruptions in prices and availability on the world energy market.
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Ruiz, Mabell, and Fabian Diaz. "Life Cycle Sustainability Evaluation of Potential Bioenergy Development for Landfills in Colombia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 454–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0035.
Анотація:
Abstract The Colombian energy matrix faces significant changes toward meeting its energy needs while fulfilling its pledges in the Intended National Determined Contributions linked to the Paris Agreement. The country has developed a plan for energy transition with a 2050 horizon, a strategy reflected and supported by new legislative packages. Within its design, biomass and biomass waste play a vital role in bioenergy production; however, the benefits of deploying new bioenergy production facilities have not been fully accounted for, including only an economic and climate change perspective. In this work, a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of a potential bioenergy plant for industrial symbiosis with the largest landfill in the country is undertaken, avoiding environmental burden shifting between environmental damage categories and exposing the social potential of such projects. The results show how these types of projects are economically feasible and have the potential to boost the sustainable development of local communities, which under the Colombian context, have been structurally relegated from conventional economic growth for decades.
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Locke, Jasmina, Jacinta Dsilva, and Saniya Zarmukhambetova. "Decarbonization Strategies in the UAE Built Environment: An Evidence-Based Analysis Using COP26 and COP27 Recommendations." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 11603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511603.
Анотація:
The urgency of addressing climate change is increasingly evident through the rise in devastating natural disasters and significant shifts in global temperatures. With the urbanization of rural landscapes to accommodate population growth, the built environment has emerged as a major contributor to climate change, accounting for approximately 40% of natural resource consumption and carbon emissions. In pursuit of tackling climate challenges, countries have united under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to develop strategies for climate action and adaptation, through the Conference of the Parties (COP). The UAE has been an active member of the COP and has been at the forefront of implementing decarbonization strategies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the decarbonization recommendations presented during COP26 and COP27, specifically focusing on the built environment sector. The primary objective is to highlight how recommendations were effectively incorporated into the UAE’s built environment sector, employing a case study approach further highlighting the specific implementation strategies adopted in the G+2 SEE Institute building while demonstrating how COP26, COP27, and the UAE’s National Climate Change Plan 2017–2050 recommendations were translated into practical measures. The study places particular emphasis on the areas of energy, water and waste management, investigating how these strategies were integrated to promote decarbonization efforts. By examining the G+2 SEE Institute building case, this research attempts to provide valuable insights on aligning built environment practices with climate change mitigation objectives. The planning of the building structure employed a systems thinking approach, while assessments were conducted to identify materials and designs that would enable the building to achieve net-zero status. Real-time data analysis was employed for comprehensive analysis. The findings of this study will contribute to the body of knowledge on sustainable construction practices and serve as a guide for stakeholders, including developers, policymakers, and practitioners, in adopting effective strategies in reducing carbon emissions and fostering environmental sustainability in line with the Paris Agreement.
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Firoiu, Daniela, George H. Ionescu, Ramona Pîrvu, Laura Mariana Cismaș, Sorin Tudor, and Ioana C. Patrichi. "Dynamics of Implementation of SDG 7 Targets in EU Member States 5 Years after the Adoption of the Paris Agreement." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 8284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158284.
Анотація:
The European Union, by adopting the European Green Deal, aims at an extremely ambitious goal to become climate neutral by 2050. This objective implies a massive investment plan to reduce disparities between EU Member States and to support their transformation efforts in order to reshape the Union into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy. The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of implementation of SDG 7 targets in EU Member States 5 years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement. Using hierarchical clustering analysis to reveal hidden associative structures, EU countries were grouped in 2015 and 2019 based on Eurostat data in order to identify and analyze key characteristics, but also to evaluate their evolution over time. The results of this research revealed clusters of high-performing countries, as well as countries that require increased attention and support to ease the transition to a greener economy. If in 2015 the cluster of the best performing countries consisted of four EU countries, in 2019, their number increased to eight EU countries, simultaneously with an improvement of the indicators, proving a real concern and involvement regarding the achievement of SDG 7 targets.