Статті в журналах з теми "Parent survivant"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Parent survivant.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Parent survivant".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Garneau, Brigitte. "La circulation des orphelins au Saguenay entre 1900 et 1970." Anthropologie et Sociétés 12, no. 2 (September 10, 2003): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015024ar.
Анотація:
Résumé La circulation des orphelins au Saguenay entre 1900 et 1970 À partir des histoires de vie de 26 veufs et veuves remariés entre 1902 et 1970 au Saguenay, dans la province de Québec, l'auteure recherche où et avec qui les orphelins issus des premiers mariages sont allés habiter durant le veuvage du parent survivant et après le remariage de ce dernier. En classant les orphelins selon leur sexe, le sexe du parent décédé, leur âge au décès, leur âge au remariage, le nombre de frères et sœurs qu'ils avaient, l'auteure conclut à des différences culturelles notables quant au sort résidentiel réservé aux orphelins de mère et aux orphelins de père, selon leur âge. Les discours des membres des familles de remariés révèlent aussi de meilleures relations entre les beaux-pères et les garçons de leur femme et entre les belles-mères et les filles de leur mari qu'entre les beaux-parents et leurs beaux-enfants de sexe opposé au leur. L'auteure met ce phénomène en relation avec le système de parenté de la communauté étudiée.
2
Desjardins, Bertrand, and Jacques Légaré. "La monoparentalité : un concept moderne, une réalité ancienne." Population Vol. 46, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1991.46n6.1687.
Анотація:
Résumé Légaré (Jacques), Desjardins (Bertrand). - La monoparentalité : un concept moderne, une réalité ancienne La famille au moment où elle prend les formes les plus variées demeure le creuset de l'évolution des populations. Jusqu'à tout récemment, c'est la famille traditionnelle qui a eu la faveur des analystes, mais on s'intéresse de plus en plus aux familles où un seul conjoint assume les responsabilités parentales. La présente étude, qui illustre d'abord et avant tout une piste méthodologique, utilise les données de la population canadienne des xvnc et xvnie siècles, qui permettent bien de mesurer l'intensité et le calendrier du phénomène, de même que les caractéristiques des différents protagonistes en début et en fin de monoparentalité. Ici, 70 % des premières unions rompues (ont été exclues les situations impliquant des mères célibataires) se retrouvent en situation de monoparentalité, avec au moins un enfant à charge de moins de 25 ans. Rompues au bout de 20 ans, elles laissent le conjoint survivant avec quatre enfants à charge âgés de 8 à 16 ans. Au bout de 6 ans, la monoparentalité prendra fin, soit par le décès ou le remariage du conjoint survivant, soit par l'émancipation du dernier enfant. Celle se terminant par le remariage du parent survivant, se caractérise plus par l'âge des enfant:-, que par leur nombre. Enfin dans 20 % des situations de monoparentalité, les enfants mineurs, trois en moyenne, deviennent orphelins de père et mère. Dans cette première approche, le phénomène a été surtout étudié à travers le prisme des parents ; la prochaine mettra l'emphase sur la situation des enfants.
3
Selmer, Bodil. "Concerns, Considerations and Conceptions of Kinship." Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/saas.2023.310303.
Анотація:
Abstract Divorce, remarriage and new partnerships create blended families with complex configurations of emotional and financial engagements. The latest reform of the Danish Inheritance Act in 2008 was an attempt to cope with the legal challenges posed by blended families with regard to inheritance. The solution was to grant the surviving spouse greater rights as well as a greater share of the estate, thus favouring the horizontal conjugal bond between current spouses. Since the surviving spouse is often not the parent of all the deceased's children, the vertical transfer of assets and heirlooms between generations is challenged. This has consequences for the way material things can generate continuities and act to reproduce kinship over time, as a way of kinning former and coming generations. This article addresses the role of inheritance and heirlooms in processes of kinning and de-kinning. Résumé Divorce, mariages et nouveaux partenaires créent des familles recomposes avec des configurations émotionnelles et des engagements financiers complexes. La dernière réforme de la loi danoise sur l'héritage (2008) a été une tentative de répondre aux défis légaux posés par ces familles recomposées au regard de l'héritage. La solution a été de garantir à l’époux ou l’épouse du défunt plus de droits ainsi qu'une part plus importante sur les biens immobiliers, tout en favorisant les liens conjugaux horizontaux entre les époux actuels. Comme l’époux ou l’épouse survivant n'est pas toujours le parent de tous les enfants du défunt, le transfert vertical des biens et possessions entre génération n'est pas assuré. Cela a des conséquences sur la manière dont les biens matériels assurent la continuité de la parenté et assure sa reproduction dans le temps. Cet article interroge le rôle de l'héritage et des donations dans les processus de construction de la parenté et les formes de « dé-parenté ».
4
Werner-Lin, Allison, and Nancee M. Biank. "Holding Parents So They Can Hold Their Children: Grief Work with Surviving Spouses to Support Parentally Bereaved Children." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 66, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.66.1.a.
Анотація:
A child's adjustment to the death of a parent is greatly influenced by the surviving parent's ability to attend to his or her own grief-related needs, to create and sustain a consistent and nurturing environment, and to encourage the child to express distressing or conflicting thoughts, feelings, and fantasies about the loss. Yet, the surviving parent's grief often compromises their ability to parent consistently and empathically. This article will illustrate how, by providing a holding environment for whole families, clinicians can help parents to facilitate children's grief reactions and, thus, mitigate long-term adverse mental health outcomes. Family Matters programs, designed and implemented in a community agency, use a holistic approach to family support and treatment in a milieu setting. Combining therapeutic work with surviving spouses and bereaved children supports children's grief while facilitating newly single parents as they adapt the structure of family life. When clinical work with families begins before the ill parent dies, the clinicians may build a relationship with the dying parent, prepare the child and surviving spouse for life after loss, and support continuity in family culture. We introduce a curriculum for simultaneously supporting bereaved children and parents, present a series of common challenges faced by surviving parents, and suggest avenues for intervention research.
5
Silverman, Phyllis R., Anita Weiner, and Nava Elad. "Parent-Child Communication in Bereaved Israeli Families." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 31, no. 4 (December 1995): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/et3f-c90v-l172-pjcn.
Анотація:
The nature of surviving parent-child communication in bereaved Israeli families is examined in terms of the culture of Israeli society. Concern is with the way the culture frames the parent-child relationship in the period shortly after the death. Twenty-three surviving parents and their forty-three children between ages of six and sixteen were interviewed four months after the death. Both parents and children seemed concerned with protecting each other from the pain and sadness associated with the loss. Two types of families were identified. In the open family, language is used to console and inform. Parents see themselves as able to respond to their child(ren)'s needs. Less open families used language to influence the child to avoid their feelings and confronting the death. These surviving parents often saw the deceased as the competent family caregiver.
6
Abdel Fattah, Azhar F., El-Shimaa M. Roushdy, Hammed A. Tukur, Islam M. Saadeldin, and Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy. "Comparing the Effect of Different Management and Rearing Systems on Pigeon Squab Welfare and Performance after the Loss of One or Both Parents." Animals 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040165.
Анотація:
Pigeon squabs completely depend on their parents for care and nourishment. The loss of one or both parents affects squabs’ successful fledging. This study was carried out on young squabs to compare the effect of pigeon parent sex and different fostering methods on squab welfare (behavior and growth performance). Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, the squabs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) consisted of 10 parent pairs with 20 brooding squabs; group 2 consisted of 10 male parents with 20 brooding squabs; and group 3 consisted of 10 female parents with 20 brooding squabs. In the second experiment, the squabs were also divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) consisted of 10 parent pairs with 20 brooding squabs; group 2 consisted of 20 brooding squabs fostered by 10 foster parent pigeons (either male or female); and group 3 consisted of 20 brooding squabs fostered by the hand-rearing method. A significant improvement in growth performance, behavioral welfare (head waggle, squab note and squab wing shake); increased repetition of these behaviors indicates stress and discomfort), and survival rate was observed to be higher in the group brooded by both parents compared to the group brooded by either a male or a female parent. In addition, the group fostered by hand-rearing showed a significant improvement in growth performance, behavioral welfare, and survival rate compared to the group brooded by foster pigeon parents.
7
Rosenberg, Abby R., Liliana Orellana, Tammy I. Kang, J. Russell Geyer, Chris Feudtner, Veronica Dussel, and Joanne Wolfe. "Differences in Parent-Provider Concordance Regarding Prognosis and Goals of Care Among Children With Advanced Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 27 (September 20, 2014): 3005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.55.4659.
Анотація:
Purpose Concordance between parents of children with advanced cancer and health care providers has not been described. We aimed to describe parent-provider concordance regarding prognosis and goals of care, including differences by cancer type. Patients and Methods A total of 104 pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory cancer were enrolled at three large children's hospitals. On enrollment, their parents and providers were invited to complete a survey assessing perceived prognosis and goals of care. Patients' survival status was retrospectively abstracted from medical records. Concordance was assessed via discrepancies in perceived prognosis, κ statistics, and McNemar's test. Distribution of categorical variables and survival rates across cancer type were compared with Fisher's exact and log-rank tests, respectively. Results Data were available from 77 dyads (74% of enrolled). Parent-provider agreement regarding prognosis and goals of care was poor (κ, 0.12 to 0.30). Parents were more likely to report cure was likely (P < .001). The frequency of perceived likelihood of cure and the goal of cure varied by cancer type for both parents and providers (P < .001 to .004). Relatively optimistic responses were more common among parents and providers of patients with hematologic malignancies, although there were no differences in survival. Conclusion Parent-provider concordance regarding prognosis and goals in advanced pediatric cancer is generally poor. Perceptions of prognosis and goals of care vary by cancer type. Understanding these differences may inform parent-provider communication and decision making.
8
Jones, Todd M., Jeffrey D. Brawn, Ian J. Ausprey, Andrew C. Vitz, Amanda D. Rodewald, Douglas W. Raybuck, Than J. Boves, et al. "Parental benefits and offspring costs reflect parent–offspring conflict over the age of fledging among songbirds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 48 (November 16, 2020): 30539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008955117.
Анотація:
Parent–offspring conflict has explained a variety of ecological phenomena across animal taxa, but its role in mediating when songbirds fledge remains controversial. Specifically, ecologists have long debated the influence of songbird parents on the age of fledging: Do parents manipulate offspring into fledging to optimize their own fitness or do offspring choose when to leave? To provide greater insight into parent–offspring conflict over fledging age in songbirds, we compared nesting and postfledging survival rates across 18 species from eight studies in the continental United States. For 12 species (67%), we found that fledging transitions offspring from comparatively safe nesting environments to more dangerous postfledging ones, resulting in a postfledging bottleneck. This raises an important question: as past research shows that offspring would benefit—improve postfledging survival—by staying in the nest longer: Why then do they fledge so early? Our findings suggest that parents manipulate offspring into fledging early for their own benefit, but at the cost of survival for each individual offspring, reflecting parent–offspring conflict. Early fledging incurred, on average, a 13.6% postfledging survival cost for each individual offspring, but parents benefitted through a 14.0% increase in the likelihood of raising at least one offspring to independence. These parental benefits were uneven across species—driven by an interaction between nest mortality risk and brood size—and predicted the age of fledging among species. Collectively, our results suggest that parent–offspring conflict and associated parental benefits explain variation in fledging age among songbird species and why postfledging bottlenecks occur.
9
Febrianto, Priyono Tri. "Single Mothers' Survival Strategies of University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic." Society 9, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v9i1.301.
Анотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the social and economic sectors. Family, the smallest social unit, is experiencing the impact, particularly for the woman as single-parent. Being a single parent is either a choice, decision, or condition that must be accepted due to the spouse’s passing or other condition. Single parents carried numerous burdens alone, including earning a living and raising the children. These burdens have a significant impact on single parents. This study aims to reveal single-parent families’ survival mechanisms. The research applied a qualitative method by interviewing single mothers from university students in East Java Province, Indonesia. This study used the theory of survival mechanism proposed by James Scott. The study found that instabilities generated by the COVID-19 pandemic produced enormous diminishing income. Such ordeals faced by single parents are burdensome because they initially had to support the family amid the feeble economy. Income vulnerability becomes a deep concern for single mothers. Pandemic COVID-19 caused these mothers to empower themselves and develop various survival strategies. The mothers from middle-class families live frugally and selective when they buy something they need. While mothers from lower-class families did different survival mechanisms, range from careful spending, owe some money, and open a business using their ex-husband’s savings. Furthermore, they are also working overtime, empowering their children to help with the work, diversifying jobs by opening food stalls up to have an online shop. Therefore, it can be assumed that the COVID-19 pandemic has made single parents struggle even more to fulfil their family needs.
10
Marcoux, Richard, Amadou Noumbissi, and Tukufu Zuberi. "Orphans in Three Sahelian Countries: Exploratory Analyses from Census Data." Canadian Studies in Population 37, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2010): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p65g71.
Анотація:
Important investments in Africa have reduced slightly the levels child mortality but life expectancy still very low. The number of children without surviving biological parents is increasing and orphans are becoming an important social problem. Because Sahelian societies are mostly patriarchal, becoming fatherless or motherless will have different effects on the well being of the child. This paper examines the levels and trends of the survival status of the parents and then, living arrangements of orphans. We describe characteristics of these children with a special focus on education and economic activities. The paper uses the censuses from Chad, Niger and Senegal made available by the African Census Analysis Project (ACAP) held at University of Pennsylvania. These countries collected information on survival status of each biological parent to estimate adult mortality but the potential of this information for research on child well-being is rarely exploited.
11
Hansen, E. Matthew, and Barbara J. Bentz. "Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 5 (October 2003): 697–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-109.
Анотація:
AbstractNew spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), adults of univoltine and semivoltine life cycles, as well as re-emerged parent beetles, were laboratory-tested for differences in reproductive capacity and brood characteristics. Parameters measured from the three groups include dry weight, lipid content, and egg production. Brood characteristics measured include egg length, development rates, and survival densities. Although there were some differences in dry weight and lipid content, females from the univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent groups did not greatly differ in egg production. Egg length was slightly smaller for eggs from univoltine parents, but other measured brood characteristics did not differ among the three parent groups, including the density of the surviving brood. In a field study, re-emerged parent beetles were determined to be flight capable. These findings imply that populations with univoltine broods will have higher growth rates than semivoltine populations. Consequently, the presence of univoltine broods, which is weather dependent, increases the risk of a beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak. These results also indicate that re-emerged parent beetles can contribute substantially to brood production. Suppression strategies can be more effective if managers consider the ecological consequences of brood production from the three parent groups.
12
Gray, Ross Eric. "The Role of the Surviving Parent in the Adaptation of Bereaved Adolescents." Journal of Palliative Care 3, no. 1 (March 1987): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585978700300106.
Анотація:
The experience of having a parent become ill and die constitutes a major blow to an adolescent. One of the factors that may influence the ability of an adolescent to adapt in a healthy manner to the death of a parent is the degree of support available from the surviving parent. In the present study, 50 bereaved adolescents were seen for a semi-structured interview and psychological testing. Participants rated the overall helpfulness of their surviving parent and also described the kinds of help they received. The major dependent variable was level of depression, as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. Findings showed that individuals who had a good relationship with a surviving parent prior to and following loss adapted better than those with a poor relationship. Surviving parents tended to be rated in extreme ways – as either very helpful or as not at all helpful. Implications for interventions during the terminal phase of a parent's illness, as well as following death, are discussed.
13
Finucane, Niamh, and Noirin Concannon. "Supporting the Surviving Parent to Support their Bereaved Children: a psycho-educational group for parents." Groupwork 29, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v29i2.1235.
Анотація:
This paper describes the rationale for developing a psycho-educational group about supporting bereaved children. The group is for surviving parents following the death of their partner. As social workers in a specialist palliative care setting, we noticed a similarity in the concerns and questions raised by the surviving parents the social work team met with. It is broadly recognised that there are distinct difficulties for children losing a parent and caregiver, as this is often the person that previously was central in the provision of love, security and daily care. It is well documented that the adjustment of the surviving caregiver and the quality of care received by the child after the loss, are substantially related to how children cope (The Harvard Child Bereavement Study, 1996). Studies revealed that when parents are supported, they can demonstrate an enhanced capacity to support their children. The group provided guidance on how to support their bereaved children. The importance of creating a support network for families by connecting them with others who have experienced similar events is well documented in the literature and was also a significant rationale for developing the programme. Keywords: parental death; childhood bereavement; surviving parent; psycho-educational group
14
BEAMISH, Paul W., and Jae C. JUNG. "The Performance and Survival of Joint Ventures with Parents of Asymmetric Size." Management international 10, no. 1 (2005): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-8mre-0b0m.
Анотація:
Researchers have argued that IJV performance and survival is affected significantly by its parent firms. In this regard, previous studies mostly focused on the relationship between an IJV and its individual parents, while leaving the relationship between parents firms unexplored. This study considered whether size asymmetry between IJV parents is an additional factor influencing IJV performance and survival. From the perspective of transaction cost economics and resource-based view, we proposed two opposing hypotheses. To test the hypotheses, we used 261 firm-year observations of 145 Japanese IJVs in 1996, 1998 and 2000, with generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and Chi-square tests. No significant relationship was found between size asymmetry between parents and IJV performance and survival. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
15
Woolfall, Kerry, Caitlin O’Hara, Elizabeth Deja, Ruth Canter, Imran Khan, Paul Mouncey, Anjali Carter, et al. "Parents’ prioritised outcomes for trials investigating treatments for paediatric severe infection: a qualitative synthesis." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 11 (June 7, 2019): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-316807.
Анотація:
ObjectiveTo identify parents’ prioritised outcomes by combining qualitative findings from two trial feasibility studies of interventions for paediatric suspected severe infection.DesignQualitative synthesis combining parent interview data from the Fluids in Shock (FiSh) and Fever feasibility studies. Parents had experience of their child being admitted to a UK emergency department or intensive care unit with a suspected infection.Participantsn=: 85 parents. FiSh study: n=41 parents, 37 mothers, 4 fathers, 7 were bereaved. Fever study: n=44 parents, 33 mothers, 11 fathers, 7 were bereaved.ResultsIn addition to survival, parents prioritised short-term outcomes including: organ and physiological functioning (eg, heart rate, breathing rate and temperature); their child looking and/or behaving more like their normal self; and length of time on treatments or mechanical support. Longer term prioritised outcomes included effects of illness on child health and development. We found that parents’ prioritisation of outcomes was influenced by their experience of their child’s illness, survival and the point at which they are asked about outcomes of importance in the course of their child’s illness.ConclusionsFindings provide insight into parent prioritised outcomes to inform the design of future trials investigating treatments for paediatric suspected or proven severe infection as well as core outcome set development work.
16
Maurer, Scott H., Pamela S. Hinds, Sheri L. Spunt, Wayne L. Furman, Javier R. Kane, and Justin N. Baker. "Decision Making by Parents of Children With Incurable Cancer Who Opt for Enrollment on a Phase I Trial Compared With Choosing a Do Not Resuscitate/Terminal Care Option." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 20 (July 10, 2010): 3292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.6502.
Анотація:
Purpose Parents of children with incurable cancer make complex and difficult decisions about remaining treatment options. We compared the self-reported rationale, good parent definition, and desired clinical staff behaviors of parents who recently decided for phase I (P1) chemotherapy with parents who chose a do not resuscitate (DNR) or terminal care (TC) option. Patients and Methods Sixty-two parents of 58 children were asked for the basis of their decision, their definition of a good parent, and what staff behaviors supported their good parent role. After semantic content analysis, results were compared in the P1 versus DNR/TC groups. These categories were mutually exclusive but did not necessarily represent an either/or decision. Results Thirty-one decisions were for P1 chemotherapy and 27 for DNR/TC. Median survival time after study enrollment was greater in the P1 group (0.4 v 0.1 years). Most P1 group parents reported having felt compelled to continue cancer-directed therapy (71% v 7%), whereas those who opted for DNR/TC cited quality of life (QOL; 74% v 3%) and patient wishes (67% v 13%). Decision factors common to both groups were medical facts, doing right, and others’ opinions. Both groups believed that a good parent did right, provided support and presence, and sacrificed for the child. The groups desired similar support from clinicians and expressed gratitude. Conclusion Despite similar definitions of a good parent and desired staff behaviors, parents in the P1 group reported having felt compelled to continue cancer-directed therapy, whereas QOL and patient wishes were emphasized in decisions for DNR/TC.
17
Stokes, Jeffrey E. "Surviving Parents’ Influence on Adult Children’s Depressive Symptoms Following the Death of a First Parent." Journal of Applied Gerontology 35, no. 10 (July 9, 2016): 1015–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464814558876.
18
Franklin, Penny, Anne Arber, Liz Reed, and Emma Ream. "Health and social care professionals’ experiences of supporting parents and their dependent children during, and following, the death of a parent: A qualitative review and thematic synthesis." Palliative Medicine 33, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216318803494.
Анотація:
Background: Children need to be prepared for the death of a parent and supported afterwards. Parents seek support from health and social care professionals to prepare their children. Support is not always forthcoming. Aim: To systematically identify, analyse and synthesise literature reporting of the experiences of health and social care professionals when supporting parents and children during, and following, the death of a parent. Design: A systematically constructed qualitative review and thematic synthesis. Registered on Prospero (CRD42017076345). Data sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and PROSPERO, searched from January 1996 to July 2018 for qualitative studies in English, containing verbatim reporting of health and social care professionals’ experiences of supporting parents and children during, and following, the death of a parent. Qualitative data were appraised using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative appraisal checklist. Results: The search yielded 15,758 articles. Of which, 15 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 13 included professionals’ experiences of supporting parents and children before parental death. Two included experiences of supporting surviving parents and children afterwards. Three analytical themes identified as follows: (1) aspiring to deliver family-focussed care, (2) health and social care professionals’ behaviours and emotions and (3) improving connections with parents and children. Connecting empathically with parents and children to prepare and support children entails significant emotional labour. Professionals seek to enhance their confidence to connect. Conclusion: Professionals struggle to connect empathically with parents and their children to prepare and to support children when a parent is dying and afterwards. Awareness of professionals’ needs would enable provision of appropriate support for parents and children.
19
Gorman, Helen E., Kate J. Orr, Aileen Adam, and Ruedi G. Nager. "Effects of Incubation Conditions and Offspring Sex on Embryonic Development and Survival in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata)." Auk 122, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 1239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.4.1239.
Анотація:
AbstractSuboptimal conditions during embryonic development can affect offspring fitness. Both egg quality and incubation behavior can affect hatching success, hatching mass, and subsequent offspring performance. These effects may differ between male and female offspring. We manipulated the prebreeding body condition of Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata), using diets of different protein content. To separate possible effects on egg quality of parental body condition and incubation conditions, we did a cross-fostering experiment. We analyzed embryo survival and hatching mass with respect to body condition of the egg-laying parent, body condition of the incubating foster parent, and offspring sex. Embryos were not affected by the condition of the egg-laying parent. Eggs incubated by parents in better condition suffered less embryo mortality than those incubated by parents in poorer condition, but only when overall embryo mortality was low. Hatching mass was also affected by the incubating foster parent’s body condition. And hatchlings incubated by parents in good condition were heavier than those incubated by parents in poor condition. Female hatchlings from late-laid eggs were heavier, in comparison with the size of the egg from which they hatched, than female hatchlings from earlier-laid eggs. No such effect was found for males. Therefore, male and female embryos may differ in their sensitivity to suboptimal conditions during embryonic development. These results suggest that parental body condition during incubation can affect offspring fitness.Efectos de las Condiciones de Incubación y el Sexo de las Crías sobre el Desarrollo Embrional y la Supervivencia en Taeniopygia guttata
20
van Poppel, Frans. "Children in One-Parent Families: Survival as an Indicator of the Role of the Parents." Journal of Family History 25, no. 3 (July 2000): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319900002500301.
21
Hjernquist, Mårten B., Måns Hjernquist, and Björn Hjernquist. "Behaviour and survival of Common Guillemot Uria aalge chicks at departure from a nest site in the Baltic Sea." Ornis Svecica 22, no. 1–2 (January 1, 2012): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v22.22596.
Анотація:
Common Guillemots Uria aalge often breed high up in cliffs, forcing the juveniles to jump down to the beach or sea when leaving their nests. We studied survival of Common Guillemot chicks at time of nest departure on the island Lilla Karlsö in the Baltic Sea. All jumps were conducted either together with one of the parents, or, more commonly, the parent flew down shortly before the chick jumped. At this point, the parent was always found waiting for the chick directly underneath the nest, either on the beach or in the water, and never farther out than five meters if there was no beach below the cliff. If separated, all observed parents and juveniles reunited within one minute and then swam close together out to sea. Juvenile mortality was very low, only 0.5% in 2011, with 2 of 426 chicks dying. In both cases hitting a lower cliff ledge caused the mortality. No case of predation was observed. The high survival rates are most likely due to the chicks’ close proximity to their male parent at all times.
22
Wisenden, Brian D. "Factors affecting reproductive success in free-ranging convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 2177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-291.
Анотація:
This study examines the effect of parent size, fry growth rate, and habitat-related brood predation pressure on two measures of reproductive success (percent brood survival and fry number at independence from their parents) of free-ranging convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). Four populations in Costa Rican streams were studied, two in "pool" habitat and two in "stream" habitat. The number of fry that emerged from the spawning site (as free-swimming young) was positively correlated with female standard length (SL) for sites with a relatively wide size range of breeding females. SL of males had no effect on fry number at emergence, nor did size of either parent affect the probability of a brood reaching fry independence. Large parents reared more fry to independence than small parents in stream habitat but not in pool habitat. There was a significant difference among sites in fry number at emergence but not at independence (mean = 27 fry), suggesting a maximum number of fry that two parents can economically defend. Fry growth rate had no effect on either measure of reproductive success. Reproductive success was largely determined by the effect of habitat. Adult Cichlasoma dovii in pool habitat may have reduced mean brood survival from 47% (n = 126 broods) in stream habitat to 14.9% (n = 141 broods) in pool habitat. Predators such as juvenile C. dovii may be more effective in the dim ambient light in pool habitat, overwhelming the effect of parent size on brood defence.
23
Mack, J. W., E. F. Cook, J. Wolfe, H. E. Grier, P. D. Cleary, and J. C. Weeks. "Understanding of prognosis among parents of children with cancer: Parental optimism and the role of the parent-physician interaction." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 6033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6033.
Анотація:
6033 Background: Patients often overestimate their chances of surviving cancer. Factors that contribute to accurate understanding of prognosis among parents of children with cancer are not known. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 194 parents of children with cancer (overall response rate 70%), treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass, and the children’s physicians. Our main outcome measure was agreement between parent and physician ratings of the child’s likelihood of cure. Results: The majority of parents (61%) were more optimistic about the likelihood of their child’s cure than their child’s physician was. Most parents, however, believed that their opinions about prognosis either matched (70%) or were more pessimistic (26%) than those of their physicians. When physicians were confident in their knowledge of the child’s prognosis, parent and physician perceptions of prognosis were more likely to agree (OR 2.55, P = .004). Parents whose role in decision-making matched their ideal role were more likely to give prognostic estimates that agreed with physician perceptions of prognosis (OR 1.89, P = .019). In contrast, parent confidence in knowledge (OR .07, P < .0001), coping strategies (disengagement, OR .31, P = .007; reliance on emotional support from others, OR .31, P = .029), and use of intuition to understand prognosis (OR .51, P = .012), were associated with overestimation of likelihood of cure. Conclusions: Many parents overestimate their children’s chances of being cured of cancer. Neither physician nor parent attributes alone account for this finding; rather, successful communication about prognosis requires that physicians relate to parents’ individual communication and decision-making needs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
24
Norris, Mary Jane. "From Generation to Generation: Survival and Maintenance of Canada's Aboriginal Languages, within Families, Communities and Cities." TESL Canada Journal 21, no. 2 (June 12, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v21i2.171.
Анотація:
The survival and maintenance of Aboriginal languages in Canada depend on their transmission from generation to generation. Children are the future speakers of a language. This paper demonstrates that the family and the community together play critical roles in the transmission of language from parent to child. On their own, neither family capacity nor community support is sufficient to ensure the adequate transmission of an Aboriginal language as a population's mother tongue from one generation to the next. Intergenerational transmission is maximized in Aboriginal communities among families where both parents have an Aboriginal mother tongue. Transmission can be best realized with the support of the community in those families with either both parents or the lone parent having an Aboriginal mother tongue. Outside of Aboriginal communities, particularly within large cities, transmission and continuity is significantly reduced even under ideal family conditions of linguistically endogamous parents. For exogamous families, it appears that community effect, while positive, is nevertheless limited in offsetting their low rate of mother tongue transmission. Trends indicate continuing declines in intergenerational transmission accompanied by a decreasing and ageing Aboriginal mother tongue population and a growing likelihood that Aboriginal languages will be learned increasingly as second languages.
25
Prayogo, Prayogo. "Efektivitas Rasio Jumlah Pasangan Induk Ikan Hias Black Tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi) Terhadap Hasil Pemijahan <br><i>[The Effectiveness Of The Ratio Of The Number Of Pairs Of Parents Of Pair Of Parents Of Black Tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi) Against The Result Of Spawning]<i>." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2011): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v3i2.11610.
Анотація:
Abstract The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of the ratio of the number of pairs of parents against the result of the spawning of Black Tetra fish (Gymnocorymbus ternezi) about the number of egg produced, the rate conception (fertilization rate), the rate of hatching (hatching rate) and the survival rate of the fish (survival rate). The results shows that the ratio of number of pairs of black tetra fish parent has no effect but the greater the increase ratio of number of pairs of male parent black tetra fish then the number of eggs produced decrease.
26
Hordijk, José, Sascha Verbruggen, Ilse Vanhorebeek, Greet Van den Berghe, Elisabeth Utens, Koen Joosten, and Karolijn Dulfer. "Health-related quality of life of children and their parents 6 months after children’s critical illness." Quality of Life Research 29, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02347-x.
Анотація:
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and their parents, 6 months after the child’s admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Associations between parents’ reports regarding HRQoL of their child and of themselves were investigated, as well as associations between children’s baseline variables and their parent-reported HRQoL outcomes. Methods This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in a group of children who participated in the PEPaNIC trial. Six months after discharge from the PICU, parents of critically ill children completed the Infant–Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire (ITQOL, for age 0–3 years) or the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50, for age 4–18 years), which are parallel questionnaires. Parents completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) regarding their own HRQoL. Results were compared with normative data. Results At 6 months’ follow-up, 86 children of the 1343 (6%) had died which resulted in 1257 eligible children. Parents of 576 surviving children (46%) completed the questionnaires. Children of responding parents had less often an acute reason for admission and differed in diagnosis compared with children of non-responders. PICU children scored lower on most ITQOL (n = 390) scales and CHQ-PF50 (n = 186) scales compared with normative data. Parents reported (n = 570) higher scores on the physical (p < 0.001) and lower scores on the mental SF-12 scale (p < 0.001) compared with normative data. Parents̕ mental HRQoL correlated with HRQoL they reported for their child (Pearson Correlations range 0.25–0.57, p < 0.001–0.002). Shorter length of stay, lower risk of mortality, younger age, and cardiac diagnosis were associated with higher parent-reported HRQoL outcomes for the child. Conclusions Six months after PICU discharge, critically ill children have lower HRQoL compared with normative data. The mental component of HRQoL is impaired in parents and is associated with lower overall parent-reported HRQoL of their child.
27
Jiang, Quanbao, Zhen Guo, Shuzhuo Li, and Marcus W. Feldman. "The Life Cycle of Bare Branch Families in China: A Simulation Study." Canadian Studies in Population 40, no. 3-4 (September 10, 2013): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p66k7c.
Анотація:
China is characterized by a large number of men who are unable to marry, often referred to as “bare branches.” In this paper, we define the bare branch family and divide its life cycle into three stages: the unmarried co-resident with both parents, co-resident with a surviving parent, and living alone. As the childbearing age of parents increases, the age of a bare branch at the death of his parents decreases, and the duration of his living alone lengthens. An increase in the mother’s childbearing age, holding that of the father constant, shortens the stage of co-residence with both parents, and lengthens the stage of living alone.
28
Baraldi, Erika, Mara Westling Allodi, Ann-Charlotte Smedler, Björn Westrup, Kristina Löwing, and Ulrika Ådén. "Parents’ Experiences of the First Year at Home with an Infant Born Extremely Preterm with and without Post-Discharge Intervention: Ambivalence, Loneliness, and Relationship Impact." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 9326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249326.
Анотація:
With increasing survival rates of children born extremely preterm (EPT), before gestational week 28, the post-discharge life of these families has gained significant research interest. Quantitative studies of parental experiences post-discharge have previously reported elevated levels depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress-disorder and anxiety among the parents. The current investigation aims to qualitatively explore the situation for parents of children born EPT in Sweden during the first year at home. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 17 parents of 14 children born EPT; eight parents were from an early intervention group and nine parents from a group that received treatment as usual, with extended follow-up procedures. Three main themes were identified using a thematic analytic approach: child-related concerns, the inner state of the parent, and changed family dynamics. Parents in the intervention group also expressed themes related to the intervention, as a sense of security and knowledgeable interventionists. The results are discussed in relation to different concepts of health, parent–child interaction and attachment, and models of the recovery processes. In conclusion, parents describe the first year at home as a time of prolonged parental worries for the child as well as concerns regarding the parent’s own emotional state.
29
Stienen, Eric W. M., and Alex Brenninkmeijer. "Foraging Decisions of Sandwich Terns in the Presence of Kleptoparasitising Gulls." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.473.
Анотація:
AbstractWe studied prey selection of Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis) in the presence of kleptoparasitising Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus) on Griend, Dutch Wadden Sea, from 1992 to 1998. Most often, gulls robbed larger sandeels rather than herring from terns. Provided that one parent attends the chick, energy intake would be too low for the chicks' survival if exclusively fed on sandeel. By provisioning an increasing proportion of herring, parent terns could theoretically overcome a potential food shortage when the chicks grow older. However, the proportion of herring did not increase with age of chicks in most years. Instead, parents increased their foraging effort with the growth of their offspring. In years with high proportions of food loss, parents left their chicks unattended at the nest more often. In that way, parents were largely able to counterbalance food shortage of offspring. In 1992 and 1996, when diet composition was unfavorable and food losses to gulls were high, parents left their chicks unattended at the nest for ∼80% of the daylight period. It is argued that the present working level of parents might be higher than in the 1960s.
30
Mussatto, Kathleen A., Maria I. Van Rompay, Felicia L. Trachtenberg, Victoria Pemberton, Lisa Young-Borkowski, Karen Uzark, Danielle Hollenbeck-Pringle, et al. "Family Function, Quality of Life, and Well-Being in Parents of Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome." Journal of Family Nursing 27, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074840720987309.
Анотація:
Survival for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has improved dramatically. Little is known about early family function, quality of life (QOL), or well-being/adjustment for parents of infants with HLHS. Parent/family outcomes over time, predictors, and differences in 143 mothers and 72 fathers were examined. Parents reported better family function compared with published norms, but 26% experienced family dysfunction. QOL and well-being were significantly lower than adult norms. QOL scores generally declined over time, whereas self-reported well-being improved. Responses from mothers and fathers showed different trends, with mothers having worse scores on most measures and at most time points. Being a single parent was a risk factor for poorer family function, but not for lower individual QOL or well-being. Family characteristics, stress, and coping skills were predictive of outcomes. Parents’ psychosocial responses to the challenges of life with infants with HLHS change over time. Individually tailored psychosocial support is needed.
31
Droser, Veronica A. "Parent–child relationships following spousal/parental death: An application of relational turbulence theory." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519857155.
Анотація:
The death of a family member is a difficult experience. Although implications of loss are felt on intra- and interpersonal levels, little is known about how it affects the relational functioning of surviving family members, and in particular the parent–child relationship. Using data collected from 144 bereaved parent–child dyads, this study examined how the divergent experiences of spousally bereaved parents and parentally bereaved children impact the parent–child relationship following spousal/parental death. Drawing from relational turbulence theory (RTT), experiences with relational uncertainty and interference from a partner were explored. Findings indicate that parent–child pairs experience different types of relational uncertainty and interference from a partner and that within-dyad disagreement on these experiences can increase the amount of uncertainty and interference from a partner that an individual faces. This study extends RTT and demonstrates its generalizability to the parent–child relationship.
32
Schmutz, Josef K., Martin A. Gérard, Gordon S. Court, and R. Wayne Nelson. "Parental care by lone male Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), and Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) was limited to providing food." Canadian Field-Naturalist 128, no. 2 (July 6, 2014): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v128i2.1578.
Анотація:
In three long-term studies of Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis), Rough-legged Hawks (Buteo lagopus), and Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus), we observed rare but regular occurrences of superabundant prey at nests where nestlings were hungry, emaciated, or dead. In these cases, a male appeared to be the lone parent; the female parent was found dead, kept away by disturbances, or simply absent. We conclude that the male parents, whose normal role is to provide food, were unable to expand their care to include morseling, feeding, and brooding. Faced with the stress of incessant food begging by nestlings, the male parents responded by bringing more and more food to the nest, to the point where food spoiled while the young starved amid plenty. We provide and interpret detailed observations for 11 such cases and suggest several variables that would influence the nestlings’ chances of survival.
33
Spraker-Perlman, Holly, Taylor Aglio, Erica Kaye, Deena Levine, Brittany Barnett, Kathryn Berry Carter, Michael McNeil, Lisa Clark, and Justin Baker. "Leveraging Grief: Involving Bereaved Parents in Pediatric Palliative Oncology Program Planning and Development." Children 8, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060472.
Анотація:
As pediatric palliative care (PPC) became a recognized medical specialty, our developing clinical PPC team longitudinally partnered with bereaved parents to understand the care that their children received as they transitioned towards end of life. Families developed Eight Priorities, shared within, to improve care for children with a poor chance of survival based on their experience of losing a child to cancer. In this paper, we delineate the top eight PPC needs from a parent perspective to offer multi-layered, individually tailored resources for patients and families. One of these Eight Priorities noted that bereavement care for the remaining family members is vital for healing after the death of a child to promote meaning making and resilience in bereaved families. Here, we outline the creation of a bereaved parent-designed bereavement support program as one example of how we have partnered with parents to fulfill their Eight Priorities for quality care.
34
Cantwell-Bartl, Annie M., and James Tibballs. "Parenting a child at home with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: experiences of commitment, of stress, and of love." Cardiology in the Young 27, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 1341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117000270.
Анотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the experiences of parenting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after the child has been discharged home from hospital.DesignA study of the parents’ experiences using face-to-face interviews and psychometric measures with parents whose child had survived stage surgery.SettingParents were interviewed within the home environment or within the hospital if that was their choice.SubjectsA total of 29 parents (16 mothers and 13 fathers) of surviving children.InterventionA semi-structured face-to-face interview plus psychometric tests (parent demographics, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Impact on Family Scale, and the Psychological Check List – Civilian).Measurements and main resultsThe parents’ experience in supporting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of stress, of commitment, and of love. Although parents experienced joy in their child, they were also subjected to anxiety with four parents test positive to post-traumatic stress disorder and hypervigilance while monitoring their child’s condition. Parents lived with many difficulties, and demands.
35
Stamm, Carolyn C. "Listen to Me: Parent Survival Kits." Gifted Child Today Magazine 14, no. 3 (May 1991): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759101400317.
36
Bourne, Timothy F., and James N. Moore. "COLD HARDINESS OF TWELVE SEEDLIMG POPULATIONS OF BLACKBERRIES." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 851G—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.851.
Анотація:
Cold hardiness was evaluated in twelve seedling populations of tetraploid blackberry, in 1988 and 1989. Seedling populations resulted from crosses made between nine parents of three different categories of cold hardiness. Viability testing of xylem, phloem, and bud tissues were conducted following exposure of tissues to a low temperature estimated to kill one-half of all tissues. Tissues were rated as alive if green and dead if any browning of tissue was seen. Significant population effects (P<.05) were seen for xylem and bud survival in 1988 and for xylem, phloem, and bud survival in 1989. Results were similar for the two years, although there was a greater discrimination between populations for xylem and phloem survival in the second year. The four populations having `Darrow' as a parent consistently showed greater survival than the other eight lines. The six populations which had `Brison' as one parent showed consistently poor survival with the exception of one resulting from a cross of `Brison' × `Darrow'. This population showed consistently good hardiness, indicating that dominance effects may play a role in cold hardiness of blackberries.
37
Bourne, Timothy F., and James N. Moore. "COLD HARDINESS OF TWELVE SEEDLIMG POPULATIONS OF BLACKBERRIES." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 851g—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.851g.
Анотація:
Cold hardiness was evaluated in twelve seedling populations of tetraploid blackberry, in 1988 and 1989. Seedling populations resulted from crosses made between nine parents of three different categories of cold hardiness. Viability testing of xylem, phloem, and bud tissues were conducted following exposure of tissues to a low temperature estimated to kill one-half of all tissues. Tissues were rated as alive if green and dead if any browning of tissue was seen. Significant population effects (P<.05) were seen for xylem and bud survival in 1988 and for xylem, phloem, and bud survival in 1989. Results were similar for the two years, although there was a greater discrimination between populations for xylem and phloem survival in the second year. The four populations having `Darrow' as a parent consistently showed greater survival than the other eight lines. The six populations which had `Brison' as one parent showed consistently poor survival with the exception of one resulting from a cross of `Brison' × `Darrow'. This population showed consistently good hardiness, indicating that dominance effects may play a role in cold hardiness of blackberries.
38
Hinds, P. S., J. S. Gattuso, C. Billups, C. Rivera, J. Quintana, and N. Daw. "Patient and parent longitudinal reports of quality of life in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 19562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19562.
Анотація:
19562 Children and adolescents being treated for osteosarcoma are likely to experience physical, emotional, functional and possibly cognitive changes during the course of their treatment. The aims of this prospective study were to assess the effect of treatment on patients’ quality of life (QoL) at diagnosis and during therapy, compare patient and parent QoL reports, and examine relationships between patient QoL and tumor histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy and event-free survival (EFS) in children and adolescents in treatment for osteosarcoma. Newly diagnosed patients with localized disease completed three established patient reports (Symptom Distress Scale, and PedsQL v.3 and v.4). Parents completed two parent reports (PedsQL v.3 and v.4). QoL evaluations were done at diagnosis, prior to definitive surgery (Week 12), and postoperatively during treatment (Week 23). Sixty-two of 72 eligible patients and their parents completed QoL measures. Symptom distress (SD) decreased in 85% of patients from baseline to Week 12 (with 8/10 symptoms significantly improved) and from baseline to Week 23 in 74% of patients. Improvements in most domains of the PedsQL v. 3 were noted by patient and parent reports from baseline to Weeks 12 and 23 except for the nausea domain. Patient and parent reports differed, with parents reporting lower QoL scores on v. 3 than did patients, particularly in the domains of treatment anxiety, cognitive problems, and communication. QoL scores did not differ by patient gender but did by age in certain domains. Patients reported significant improvements in physical and emotional functioning from baseline to Weeks 12 and 23 using the PedsQL v.4. Parents reported significant improvements in emotional functioning from baseline to Weeks 12 and 23 using the PedsQL v.4. QoL scores were not associated with tumor histologic response or EFS. Significant improvements in QoL domains and in symptoms from diagnosis to Week 12 and to Week 23 were documented in both patient and parent reports. Treatment contributed to improvements in physical and emotional functioning and in symptoms except for nausea. QoL was not related to histologic response or EFS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
39
Chen, Dan, and Yuying Tong. "Adult Children’s Education Attainment and Parents’ Subjective Well-Being in China." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1104.
Анотація:
Abstract Parent-child tie is important for parental later life due to insufficient old-age support in developing contexts. Parents often anticipate they would share the returns of children’s education for their early period investment. Previous studies show that adult children’s education is positively associated with parents’ survival and physical health in both low- and middle-income countries. What’s less discussed in literatures is the effect of adult children’s education on parental subjective wellbeing. Drawing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study intends to explore the effect of adult children’s education attainment on parents’ life satisfaction. This study uses information from baseline wave in 2011 and latest wave in 2015 of CHARLS. The analytic sample restricts to adult children aged between 25 and 49 with the highest education among all children of a parent who are aged between 50 and 84. To handle the reversed causality, this study adopts lagged effect model and controls for baseline subjective wellbeing. Instrumental variables (IV) are also used to handle the endogeneity issue existing between children’s education and parental wellbeing to conclude a causal effect. The preliminary results without IV reveal that association between children’s schooling years and parents’ life satisfaction is non-linear. However, results with IV show that adult children’s schooling years are negative associated with parents’ life satisfaction. This study firstly draws attention on negative sides of children’s education attainment on parental subjective wellbeing which implies more studies to unfold the mechanisms underlying the association.
40
Tveraa, Torkild, and Guttorm N. Christensen. "Body Condition and Parental Decisions in the Snow Petrel (Pagodroma Nivea)." Auk 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.266.
Анотація:
Abstract In Procellariiformes, parents guard the chick for some time after it has attained homeothermy. Such a strategy may have evolved to protect the chick from predation or inclement weather, but it is costly because only one parent can forage at a time. Therefore, the decision to leave the chick seems to be a trade-off between the chick's ability to care for itself, body condition of the parent present at the nest, and ability of the bird out foraging to return to the nest before its mate's body condition has degraded. We studied chick growth and survival together with number of days Snow Petrel (Pagodroma nivea) chicks were guarded before being left alone for the first time in relation to the parents body condition and ability to return to the nest in time. Parents in good body condition were more likely to produce a chick that survived the guard stage. They also guarded their chick for a longer period (range 2–8 days, x̄ = 4.5) and finally left it alone with a higher body mass than those in poor body condition. However, whether the foraging bird was able to return to the nest in time to relieve its mate was also strongly related to number of days the chick was guarded and its body mass. The chicks' survival from when they were left alone and until day 10 posthatch was positively related both to number of days they were guarded and their body condition (body mass corrected for age).
41
Mauro, Francesca R., Emanuela M. Ghia, Maria S. De Propris, Elena Giammartini, Irene Della Starza, Diana Giannarelli, Ilaria Del Giudice, et al. "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in Parents and Children." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4935.4935.
Анотація:
Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent form of leukemia in which familial aggregation has been observed. The affected relative is usually a sibling and less frequently a child. In the present study we evaluated whether CLL affecting parents and their children was associated with different clinical features, survival, immunoglobulin (Ig) VH genes repertoire and mutation status. The family history of 2% of the CLL patients diagnosed at our institution was characterized by the presence of a parent or a child affected by CLL. Other lymphoproliferative diseases, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease and acute lymphoid leukemia, affecting parents or children were also recorded in 3% of cases. Among the 17 identified parent/child CLL pairs there was a higher, though not significant, rate of gender concordant pairs than expected. Children were significantly younger at diagnosis than their parents. No significant differences in stage distribution, clinical course, survival and proportion of unmutated cases emerged between the two generations. In no case the parent and the respective child shared an identical IgVH repertoire. However, a significantly higher than expected usage of VH3-23 (p<0.005), VH3-21 (p<0.005), VH5-51 (p=0.001), VH1-18 (p= .90E-04), VH3-30.3 (p<0.005) genes was recorded. Of interest, a VH5-51 gene usage has been also described by other authors in multiaffected families. By flow cytometry and PCR analysis, no clonal lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of 38 young healthy (median age: 37 years) relatives included in the third generation of these multiply affected families. This could be explained not only by the relatively small sample of subjects analyzed but also by their relatively younger age compared to that of the healthy individuals analyzed in other series. In conclusion, the coexistence of CLL in parents and offspring is a relatively uncommon event. The differences in the IgVH gene repertoire could reflect a different ontogeny of these cases. Affected children show a significantly earlier, but not a more aggressive clinical course. These data can be used to offer counselling to CLL patients.
42
Rempel, Gwen R., Laura G. Rogers, Vinitha Ravindran, and Joyce Magill-Evans. "Facets of Parenting a Child with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/714178.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study was to conceptualize the needs of parents of young children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to provide a theoretical framework to inform the development of future parent interventions. Participants were parents and grandparents (n=53) of 15 young children who had undergone the Sano surgical approach for HLHS. Analysis of recorded and transcribed single interviews with each participant was done as directed by interpretive description methodology. A model of five facets of parenting was conceptualized. These included survival parenting, “hands-off” parenting, expert parenting, uncertain parenting, and supported parenting. The facets of parenting delineated through this study provide a theoretical framework that can be used to guide the development and evaluation of interventions for parents of children with complex congenital heart disease and potentially other life-threatening conditions. Each facet constitutes a critical component for educational or psychosocial intervention for parents.
43
Benoit, Peter, Lana Tennenhouse, Alicia Lapple, Gillian Hill-Carroll, Souradet Shaw, Jared Bullard, and Pierre Plourde. "Congenital syphilis re-emergence in Winnipeg, Manitoba." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 2-3 (February 24, 2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v48i23a06.
Анотація:
Background: Infectious syphilis rates have been increasing in Winnipeg, Manitoba among individuals during their childbearing years. Untreated or inadequately treated prenatal infection often results in congenital syphilis, with devastating consequences to fetal health and survival. The objective of this study was to review public health surveillance data regarding congenital syphilis incidence and birthing parent risk factors in Winnipeg from 2018 to 2020. Methods: Data extracted from a population-based surveillance database maintained by the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Public Health investigations for all 2018–2020 probable or confirmed cases of early congenital syphilis or syphilitic stillbirth were reviewed. Rates of congenital syphilis were calculated per 1,000 live births. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe birthing parent age, neighbourhood of residence, intravenous substance use, Child and Family Services involvement, access to prenatal care and obtainment of adequate prenatal treatment. Results: There were eight cases of confirmed/probable congenital syphilis in 2018, 22 cases in 2019 and 30 cases in 2020. Average birthing parent age was 26.5–27.0 years. The majority (66.7%) of birthing parents lived in inner city neighbourhoods with known infectious syphilis outbreaks. Over 50% of birthing parents did not receive any prenatal care, or the care received consisted of inadequate treatment or follow-up. Reinfection among birthing parents who did receive prenatal care was suspected in an additional 23.3% of cases. Conclusion: Congenital syphilis rates in Winnipeg have increased dramatically. Public health and healthcare provider efforts to address the needs of the community are vital for promoting access to safe and effective prenatal care.
44
Bishop, Somer L., and Albert C. Cain. "Widowed Young Parents: Changing Perspectives on Remarriage and Cohabitation Rates and Their Determinants." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 47, no. 4 (December 2003): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n50w-agnc-0mxa-ep9b.
Анотація:
This study investigated the incidence and determinants of remarriage and cohabitation among a sample of 35 widowed parents of school-aged children. Data from a U. S. longitudinal study of parentally bereaved children, with surviving parents of mean age 41, revealed—by contrast with prior findings and general lore—that virtually half (47. 5%) of the widows and widowers were either remarried or in substantial cohabitation relationships within five years post-death. Contrary to previous findings, there were no differences in remarriage rates between men and women. Other factors expected to influence the likelihood of remarriages, such as number and age of children, did not; income change pre–post death was a determinant for widows, as was widow's age within this relatively young sample of widows. There was a trend for surviving parents who exhibited fewer symptoms of psychopathology (on the BSI) at the initial Wave I assessment to more likely be remarried or cohabiting at Wave II than those exhibiting higher levels of psychopathology at the initial assessment. Possible interpretations of the divergence between prior reports or assumptions and these data are noted, as is the importance of studying the role of surviving parent remarriage and/or cohabitation(s) intrinsically, and correspondingly, their effects upon parentally bereaved children.
45
Farah, Bassam, Dwarka Chakravarty, Luis Dau, and Paul W. Beamish. "Multinational enterprise parent-subsidiary governance and survival." Journal of World Business 57, no. 2 (February 2022): 101271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2021.101271.
46
Hsiao, Jennifer L., Elana E. Evan, and Lonnie K. Zeltzer. "Parent and child perspectives on physician communication in pediatric palliative care." Palliative and Supportive Care 5, no. 4 (October 25, 2007): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951507000557.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTObjective:Despite growing recognition of the importance of communication with children with life-limiting illnesses and their families, there has been limited research that includes the child's perspective. The purpose of the current study was to identify the aspects of physician communication that children with life-limiting illnesses and their parents perceived to be facilitative or obstructive in pediatric palliative care.Methods:This qualitative study reports on the first 20 parent and child pairs of pediatric oncology and cardiology patients (mean age 14.25 years, range 9-21 years) with a poor prognosis (physician reported likely <20% chance of survival beyond 3 years) from two children's hospitals and one pediatric hospice in Los Angeles, California. Perspectives on physician communication were elicited from children's and parents' individual narratives, recorded, coded, and analyzed using qualitative grounded theory methodology.Results:Both children and parents identified five domains of physician communication deemed to be highly salient and influential in quality of care. These included relationship building, demonstration of effort and competence, information exchange, availability, and appropriate level of child and parent involvement. Parents identified coordination of care as another important communication domain. The characteristics of physicians that were deemed most harmful to satisfying communication included having a disrespectful or arrogant attitude, not establishing a relationship with the family, breaking bad news in an insensitive manner, withholding information from parents and losing their trust, and changing a treatment course without preparing the patient and family.Significance of results:The six positive communication domains are areas for clinicians to recognize and monitor in communicating with children and families in the pediatric palliative care setting. Knowledge of the qualities of communication that are satisfying to and valued by children and their parents have the potential to lead to more effective communication around the difficult decisions faced by physicians, parents, and children with life-threatening conditions.
47
McDonald, Grant C., Innes C. Cuthill, Tamás Székely, and András Kosztolányi. "Remating opportunities and low costs underlie maternal desertion." Evolution 77, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac020.
Анотація:
Abstract Parental care can enhance offspring survival but may impose significant costs to parents. The costs and benefits of care are key to understanding patterns of parental care, where parents can benefit by having their partner increase investment in care, while reducing their own effort. However, investigating the costs and benefits of parental care in wild populations is challenging. Here we use highly detailed behavioral observations in families of a small shorebird, where one parent frequently deserts its offspring, to explore the potential costs and benefits of desertion in a wild population. We first show that females desert their broods more frequently than males. Second, we investigate the benefits of this frequent female desertion in terms of additional mating opportunities, and the costs of desertion to females in terms of the growth and survival of deserted offspring. Our results indicate that female desertion is favored by a combination of remating benefits and a lack of costs to brood growth and survival, as abandoned male parents continue to provide care after desertion. Our results shed light on the costs and benefits underlying natural desertion strategies and suggest that female desertion is a fine-tuned behavior that responds to seasonally changing benefits of desertion.
48
Mack, Jennifer W., E. Francis Cook, Joanne Wolfe, Holcombe E. Grier, Paul D. Cleary, and Jane C. Weeks. "Understanding of Prognosis Among Parents of Children With Cancer: Parental Optimism and the Parent-Physician Interaction." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 11 (April 10, 2007): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.08.3170.
Анотація:
Purpose Patients often overestimate their chances of surviving cancer. Factors that contribute to accurate understanding of prognosis are not known. We assessed understanding of likelihood of cure and functional outcome among parents of children with cancer and sought to identify factors that place parents at risk for overly optimistic beliefs about prognosis. Patients and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 194 parents of children with cancer (response rate, 70%) who were treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital in Boston, MA, and the children's physicians. Parent and physician expectations for likelihood of cure and functional outcome were compared. In 152 accurate or optimistic parents, we determined factors associated with accurate understanding of likelihood of cure compared with optimism. Results The majority of parents (61%) were more optimistic than physicians about the likelihood of cure. Parents' beliefs about other outcomes of cancer treatment were similar (quality-of-life impairment, P = .70) or more pessimistic (physical impairment, P = .01; intellectual impairment, P = .01) than physicians' beliefs. Parents and physicians were more likely to agree about chances of cure when physicians had confidence in knowledge of prognosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.55, P = .004) and allowed parents to take their preferred decision-making role (OR = 1.89, P = .019). Conclusion Parents of children with cancer are overly optimistic about chances of cure but not about other outcomes of cancer therapy. Parents tend to be overly optimistic about cure when physicians have little confidence and when the decision-making process does not meet parents' preferences. These findings suggest that physicians are partly responsible for parents' unrealistic expectations about cure.
49
Capodeanu-Nägler, Alexandra, Elena Ruiz de la Torre, Anne-Katrin Eggert, Scott K. Sakaluk, and Sandra Steiger. "Divergent coevolutionary trajectories in parent–offspring interactions and discrimination against brood parasites revealed by interspecific cross-fostering." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 180189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180189.
Анотація:
In animal families, parents are expected to adapt to their offspring's traits, and offspring, in turn, are expected to adapt to the environment circumscribed by their parents. However, whether such coevolutionary trajectories differ between closely related species is poorly understood. Here, we employ interspecific cross-fostering in three species of burying beetles, Nicrophorus orbicollis , Nicrophorus pustulatus and Nicrophorus vespilloides , to test for divergent co-adaptation among species with different degrees of offspring dependency on parental care, and to test whether they are able to discriminate against interspecific parasites. We found that offspring survival was always higher when offspring were reared by conspecific rather than heterospecific parents. In the case of N. orbicollis raising N. pustulatus , none of the larvae survived. Overall, these results indicate that parent and offspring traits have diverged between species, and that the differential survival of conspecific and heterospecific larvae is because of improper matching of co-adapted traits, or, in the case of N. orbicollis with larval N. pustulatus , because of selection on parents to recognize and destroy interspecific brood parasites. We suggest that burying beetles experiencing a high risk of brood parasitism have evolved direct recognition mechanisms that enable them to selectively kill larvae of potential brood parasites.
50
Joo, Kyung Sook. "A Study on the Childhood Experiences and Parenthood Perception of Female College Students." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 22 (November 30, 2022): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.205.
Анотація:
Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship between female college student's childhood experiences and parenthood(perceptions of parenthood, motivations of parenthood, parental roles).
Methods The subjects of this study were 125 female college students at two universities in Chungcheongbuk-do, and the data collected from September 1, 2020 to September 20, 2020 were analyzed using Cronbach's α, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient through the SPSS 23.0.
Results Childhood experiences according to general characteristics showed significant differences in the survival of parents, the composition of sibling, father's educational background, mother's educational background, marital relationship, and parent-child relationship. According to the results of the post-hoc test, ‘the survival of only the mother’ in terms of the survival of parents; ‘3 or more’ in terms of the composition of sibling; ‘very close’ in terms of marital relationship, and ‘very close’ in terms of parent-child relationship were high. Motivations of parenthood showed significant differences in religion, economic status, father's educational background, and marital relationship. Parental roles showed significant differences in religion, mother's educational background, marital relationship, and parent-child relationship. The post-hoc test has found that ‘close’ was higher than ‘very close’ in terms of marital relationships. On the other hand, there was no significant differences in childhood experiences according to the perceptions of parenthood, whereas there were significant differences in motivations of parenthood in marriage plans and childbirth plans. When it comes to correlations, childhood experiences showed between motivations of parenthood(r=-.194, p=.030) and parental roles(r=-.290, p=.001), and the motivations of parenthood were correlated with parental roles(r=-.517, p=<.001).
Conclusions The results of this study have found that parenthood is closely related to childhood experiences, and therefore practical educational plans are required to help them successfully fulfill parental roles in the era of low fertility.