Дисертації з теми "Parametrized"
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1
Shah, Jay (Jay Hungfai Gautam). "Parametrized higher category theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112894.
Анотація:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 99).
We develop foundations for the category theory of [infinity]-categories parametrized by a base occategory. Our main contribution is a theory of parametrized homotopy limits and colimits, which recovers and extends the Dotto-Moi theory of G-colimits for G a finite group when the base is chosen to be the orbit category of G. We apply this theory to show that the G-[infinity]-category of G-spaces is freely generated under G-colimits by the contractible G-space, thereby affirming a conjecture of Mike Hill.
by Jay Shah.
Ph. D.
2
Dever, Christopher W. (Christopher Walden) 1972. "Parametrized maneuvers for autonomous vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30328.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-209).
This thesis presents a method for creating continuously parametrized maneuver classes for autonomous vehicles. These classes provide useful tools for motion planners, bundling sets of related vehicle motions based on a low-dimensional parameter vector that describes the fundamental high-level variations within the trajectory set. The method follows from a relaxation of nonlinear parametric programming necessary conditions that discards the objective function, leaving a simple coordinatized feasible space including all dynamically admissible vehicle motions. A trajectory interpolation algorithm uses projection and integration methods to create the classes, starting from arbitrary user-provided maneuver examples, including those obtained from standard nonlinear optimization or motion capture of human-piloted vehicle flights. The interpolation process, which can be employed for real-time trajectory generation, efficiently creates entire maneuver sets satisfying nonlinear equations of motion and nonlinear state and control constraints without resorting to iterative optimization. Experimental application to a three degree-of-freedom rotorcraft testbed and the design of a stable feedforward control framework demonstrates the essential features of the method on actual hardware. Integration of the trajectory classes into an existing hybrid system motion planning framework illustrates the use of parametrized maneuvers for solving vehicle guidance problems. The earlier relaxation of strict optimality conditions makes possible the imposition of affine state transformation constraints, allowing maneuver sets to fit easily into a mixed integer-linear programming path planner.
(cont.) The combined scheme generalizes previous planning techniques based on fixed, invariant representations of vehicle equilibrium states and maneuver elements. The method therefore increases the richness of available guidance solutions while maintaining problem tractability associated with hierarchical system models. Application of the framework to one and two-dimensional path planning examples demonstrates its usefulness in practical autonomous vehicle guidance scenarios.
by Christopher Walden Dever.
Ph.D.
3
Seiß, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Root parametrized differential equations / Matthias Seiß." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028081170/34.
4
Nguyen, T. A. "Introducing parametrized statetransition descriptions into communicating processes." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61716.
5
Knutsen, Henrik Holenbakken. "Enhancing Software Portability with Hardware Parametrized Autotuning." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24568.
Анотація:
Akselerator teknologi skal brukes til å muliggjøre fortsatt skalering av numerisk software. Ytelses-begrensninger som ett resultat av å flytte en applikasjon fra arkitektur til arkitektur er ett problem, siden egenskapene til arkitekturer endres raskere enn programmer kan oppdateres. For å øke flyttbarheten til kode må program-logikken og egenskapene til arkitekturen uttrykkes som parametre, slik at utforskingen av forskjellige maskin-spesifikke optimaliseringer kan delvis automatiseres.Dette prosjektet søker å undersøke moderne metoder og verktøy for å muliggjøre automatisering av å flytte kodebaser mellom arkitekturer uten ytelsestap. Teorien vil tas i bruk på en applikasjon fra PRACE prosjektet
6
Eftang, Jens Lohne. "Reduced basis methods for parametrized partial differential equations." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for matematiske fag, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12550.
7
Rakowska, Joanna. "Tracing parametrized optima for inequality constrained nonlinear minimization problems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39714.
8
Kuai, Le. "Parametrized Finite Element Simulation of Multi-Storey Timber Structures." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66825.
Анотація:
With the acceleration of global urbanization trends, more and more intentions are put on multi-storey buildings. As the world leading area of wood construction, European countries started the construction of multi-storey timber building for a decade ago. However, unlike the traditional buildings made of reinforced concrete, the design of wooden high-rise timber buildings would face a substantial amount of new challenges because such high-rise timber buildings are touching the limitations of the timber engineering field. In this thesis, a parameterized three-dimensional FE-model (in ABAQUS) of a multi-storey timber frame building is created. Variable geometrical parameters, connection stiffness as well as boundary connections and applied wind and gravity loads are defined in a Python script to make it possible to analyze the influence of these parameters on the global structural behavior of the studied multi-storey timber frame building. The results and analysis implied that the script successfully worked and was capable to create different complex building geometries in an wasy way for the finite element analysis.
9
Li, Chengbo. "Parametrized Curves in Lagrange Grassmannians and Sub-Riemannian Geometry." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4625.
Анотація:
The thesis is devoted to Differential Geometry of parametrized curves in Lagrange Grassmannians
and its applications to Optimal Control Problems and Hamiltonian Dynamics, especially
to Sub-Riemannian Geometry.
10
Sung, Yih. "Holomorphically parametrized L2 Cramer's rule and its algebraic geometric applications." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567083.
Анотація:
Suppose f,g1,[special characters omitted] ,gp are holomorphic functions over Ω ⊂ [special characters omitted]n. Then there raises a natural question: when can we find holomorphic functions h1, [special characters omitted] , hp such that f = Σg jhj? The celebrated Skoda theorem solves this question and gives a L2 sufficient condition. In general, we can consider the vector bundle case, i.e. to determine the sufficient condition of solving fi(x) = Σ gij(x)h j(x) with parameter x ∈ Ω. Since the problem is related to solving linear equations, the answer naturally connects to the Cramer's rule. In the first part we will give a proof of division theorem by projectivization technique and study the generalized fundamental inequalities. In the second part we will apply the skills and the results of the division theorems to show some applications.
11
Rovas, Dimitrios V. (Dimitrios Vasileios) 1975. "Reduced-basis output bound methods for parametrized partial differential equations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16956.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-200).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
An efficient and reliable method for the prediction of outputs of interest of partial differential equations with affine parameter dependence is presented. To achieve efficiency we employ the reduced-basis method: a weighted residual Galerkin-type method, where the solution is projected onto low-dimensional spaces with certain problem-specific approximation properties. Reliability is obtained by a posteriori error estimation methods - relaxations of the standard error-residual equation that provide inexpensive but sharp and rigorous bounds for the error in outputs of interest. Special affine parameter dependence of the differential operator is exploited to develop a two-stage off-line/on-line blackbox computational procedure. In the on-line stage, for every new parameter value, we calculate the output of interest and an associated error bound. The computational complexity of the on-line stage of the procedure scales only with the dimension of the reduced-basis space and the parametric complexity of the partial differential operator; the method is thus ideally suited for the repeated and rapid evaluations required in the context of parameter estimation, design, optimization, and real-time control. The theory and corroborating numerical results are presented for: symmetric coercive problems (e.g. problems in conduction heat transfer), parabolic problems (e.g. unsteady heat transfer), noncoercive problems (e.g. the reduced-wave, or Helmholtz, equation), the Stokes problem (e.g flow of highly viscous fluids), and certain nonlinear equations (e.g. eigenvalue problems).
by Dimitrios V. Rovas.
Ph.D.
12
Bullock, Bennett (Bennett Charles). "Auditory pathway responses to parametrized vowels in autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63225.
Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-84).
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by many behavioral symptoms, including delays in social and communicative development. A cluster of symptoms concentrate on speech and language development, especially manipulation of non-verbal information conveyed in prosody. It is largely unknown whether this is due to functional or structural differences in the brain regions involved in auditory and speech processing, although recent studies have shown that ASD individuals do exhibit different activation patterns in various brain regions in response to speech stimuli. This study investigated responses in regions of the auditory pathway to short recorded and synthesized vowel stimuli. These regions were the Inferior Colliculus, the Left Thalamus, the left Posterior Insula, the Auditory Cortex, Wernicke's area, and Broca's area. The stimuli were parametrized so as to target different signal processing capabilities associated with each region. They were presented to ASD and typically developing (TD) subjects while the salient regions were subject to a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results suggest that there were not gross differences in how ASD individuals responded from TD individuals in the subcortical regions. Results from the Auditory Cortex, however, showed a significant hemisphere dominance in TD subjects with more temporally complex stimuli that did not appear in ASD subjects. Moreover, the results showed that it was temporally-measured periodicities in the signal that were responsible for this difference. The results also show slightly different activation patterns in cortical regions which could have implications for attentiveness, and semantic and emotional processing. These results suggest that deficiencies in the temporal processing capabilities of the left Auditory Cortex play a major role in ASD speech processing.
byBennett Bullock.
S.M.
13
Singh, Balraj. "A parametrized CAD tool for VHDL model development with X Windows." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040819/.
14
Houlis, Pantazis Constantine. "A novel parametrized controller reduction technique based on different closed-loop configurations." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0052.
Анотація:
This Thesis is concerned with the approximation of high order controllers or the controller reduction problem. We firstly consider approximating high-order controllers by low order controllers based on the closed-loop system approximation. By approximating the closed-loop system transfer function, we derive a new parametrized double-sided frequency weighted model reduction problem. The formulas for the input and output weights are derived using three closed-loop system configurations: (i) by placing a controller in cascade with the plant, (ii) by placing a controller in the feedback path, and (iii) by using the linear fractional transformation (LFT) representation. One of the weights will be a function of a free parameter which can be varied in the resultant frequency weighted model reduction problem. We show that by using standard frequency weighted model reduction techniques, the approximation error can be easily reduced by varying the free parameter to give more accurate low order controllers. A method for choosing the free parameter to get optimal results is being suggested. A number of practical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller reduction method. We have then considered the relationships between the closed-loop system con gurations which can be expressed using a classical control block diagram or a modern control block diagram (LFT). Formulas are derived to convert a closed-loop system represented by a classical control block diagram to a closed-loop system represented by a modern control block diagram and vice versa.
15
Gerner, Anna-Lena [Verfasser]. "Certified reduced basis methods for parametrized saddle point problems / Anna-Lena Gerner." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028004850/34.
16
Mustu, Erkan [Verfasser]. "Dynamical behavior of a parametrized family of one-dimensional maps / Erkan Mustu." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172202133/34.
17
Brittell, Megen. "Improving Accessibility of Spatial Information: A Technique Using Parametrized Audio to Symbolize Lines." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12168.
Анотація:
xi, 79 p. ： ill. (some col.)Graphics provide a rich display medium that facilitates identification of spatial patterns but are inaccessible to people who are blind or low vision. Audio provides an alternative medium through which to display information. Prior research has explored audio display of lines representing functions and location of screen objects within a graphical user interface; however, presentation of spatial attributes of lines (angle, number of segments, etc.) of geographic data has received limited attention. This thesis explores a theoretical foundation for designing audio displays and presents an experimental evaluation of line symbology. Sighted users who were blindfolded and blind users performed a line following task and a matching task to evaluate the line symbology. Observed differences between the conditions did not reach statistical significance. User preferences and observed strategies are discussed.
Committee in charge: Dr. Michal Young， Chair
18
Letona, Bolivar Cristina Felicitas. "On a Class of Parametrized Domain Optimization Problems with Mixed Boundary Condition Types." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73308.
Анотація:
The methods for solving domain optimization problems depends on the case of study. There are methods that have been developed for the discretized problem, but not much is done in the infinite dimensional case. We analyze the theoretical aspects of the infinite dimensional case for a particular domain optimization problem where a portion of the boundary is parametrized, these results involve the existence of the solution to our problem and the calculation of the derivative of the shape functional.
Shape optimization problems have a long history of mathematical study and a wide range of applications. In recent decades there has been an interest in solving these problems with partial differential equation (PDE) constraints. We consider a special class of PDE-constrained shape optimization problems where different boundary condition types (Dirichlet and Neumann) are imposed on the same boundary segment. We also consider the case where the interface between these different boundary condition types may also be parameter dependent. This study also includes special cases where the shape of the region where the PDE is imposed does not change, but the domain of the partial differential operator is parameter dependent, due to the change in boundary condition type. Our treatment centers on the infinite dimensional formulation of the optimization problem. We consider existence of solutions as well as the calculation of derivatives of the associated shape functionals via adjoint solutions. These derivative formulations serve as a starting point for practical numerical approximations.Ph. D.
19
Gonçalves, Cilene Maria Marques. "Método para gestão do custo da construção no processo de projeto de edificações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-06052011-134259/.
Анотація:
Devido à característica cíclica do mercado da construção civil, as margens de lucro das incorporadoras podem ser facilmente afetadas. Portanto, a assertividade do custo no momento da decisão da compra do terreno, e a sua variação entre o momento da decisão de se empreender e a conclusão do projeto deve ser pequena, de maneira a não comprometer o retorno esperado. Notou-se uma fraqueza na área da engenharia quanto à definição do custo no momento do estudo da viabilidade do negócio e ao suporte de custo quanto às decisões tomadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto. O que se pratica pelo mercado é o preço parametrizado por m2 de área (construída, privativa ou equivalente), tendo como referência os custos atingidos por outros projetos. Após a definição desse primeiro custo, o projeto só será avaliado quando já contar com a aprovação dos órgãos competentes e a venda para o cliente estiver iniciada. O custo final da construção pode ser difícil de ser atingido, pois todo o comprometimento já está consolidado baseado nas decisões tomadas durante seu desenvolvimento. Nesse momento, a construtora definirá seu primeiro custo, mas só terá um valor mais confiável após todos os projetos estarem, pelo menos, na fase de projeto básico. O custo a ser conhecido nessa fase pode surpreender negativamente se não forem tomados cuidados com sua análise. O que se apresenta, nesta dissertação, é um método de parametrização simples e eficaz, que tem rapidez e agilidade para análises de engenharia de valor e decisões arquitetônicas, suportado pela parametrização de custos de construção descritos num Plano de Contas único desde o início do processo do negócio até a fase de construção, contribuindo para a rastreabilidade do processo, para facilitar as análises de cada fase e para a retroalimentação do processo de orçamentação.The civil construction industry has cycling characteristic and low profitability; therefore, the markup can be easily affected. The Real Estate companies profit depend on the accuracy of the cost defined at the time of the decision to buy the site and still, that the cost variance between the moment of the decision to undertake the project and its conclusion be little, in order do not affect the expected return. A weakness was observed in civil engineering field related to cost definition at the business feasibility phase and to the cost support in the decisions making during the design process. What is practice in the market is the cost based on the area (built, private or equivalent) having as a reference the final costs of previous projects. After this first cost, another evaluation will be done when the design was approved by the municipality and the sales have begun. At this moment, the construction company gives the first cost, but it will be reliable only after all drawings are at least at the basic level. The cost at that phase could surprise in a negative manner if the cost analyzes were not carefully done. What intends in this dissertation is to present a simple and effective parameterization method, with promptitude and agility to make engineering value analyzes and architectural decisions, supported by the construction cost parameterization described at the only work break down spread sheet, from the beginning of the business process to the end of construction phase, contributing for process traceability, to facilitate each phase analyze and for budgeting process feedback.
20
Slaats, Michaela [Verfasser]. "Infinite regular games in the higher-order pushdown and the parametrized setting / Michaela Slaats." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019646411/34.
21
Hermanson, Leon. "Stochastic physics : a comparative study of parametrized temperature tendencies in a global atmospheric model." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434337.
22
Suzuki, Takeru. "Strong Resultatives as a Bounded PathPP Construction: PathPP Structure and Parametrized Path Head Movement." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/253426.
Анотація:
This paper examines the Strong Resultative construction by comparing it with several path related constructions. It advances an analysis in which they all have a bounded path P. Its covert variant underlies some of the path related constructions and the Strong Resultative construction. We will see that the semantic property and the properties related with the phonetic emptiness of a bounded path P derive various characteristics of both of the constructions. I discuss implications and questions about the present analysis, one of which concerns the dual source of apparently the same meaning.
23
Pazman, Andrej. "Elimination of less informative design points in regression models with a known or parametrized covariance function." Institut für Statistik und Mathematik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/856/1/document.pdf.
Анотація:
We consider a regression model E[y(x)] = eta(theta, x) where x is a design point taken from a finite design space X. The covariance of observations is Cov[y(x), y(x*)] = C(x, x*, beta). Here, theta, beta are unknown vector parameters. The quality of the ML estimators of and is measured by optimality criteria applied on the Fisher information matrix taken at a fixed theta, beta (= local optimality). In this paper we give formulae to identify the design points which have little influence on this quality. We also propose a simple algorithm which is deleting such points and leads to a better (not necessarily optimum) design. (author's abstract)Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
24
Tonn, Timo [Verfasser]. "Reduced-Basis Method (RBM) for Non-Affine Elliptic Parametrized PDEs : (Motivated by Optimization in Hydromechanics) / Timo Tonn." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Mathematik und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026992222/34.
25
Bonanati, Peter [Verfasser]. "A parametrized numerical model to simulate the semiconductor influence of thick film metal oxide gas sensors / Peter Bonanati." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220689831/34.
26
Kärcher, Mark Verfasser], Martin A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Grepl, Stefan Akademischer Betreuer] Volkwein, and Arnold [Akademischer Betreuer] [Reusken. "Certified reduced basis methods for parametrized PDE-constrained optimization problems / Mark Kärcher ; Martin Alexander Grepl, Stefan Volkwein, Arnold Reusken." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130403033/34.
27
Kärcher, Mark [Verfasser], Martin A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Grepl, Stefan Akademischer Betreuer] Volkwein, and Arnold [Akademischer Betreuer] [Reusken. "Certified reduced basis methods for parametrized PDE-constrained optimization problems / Mark Kärcher ; Martin Alexander Grepl, Stefan Volkwein, Arnold Reusken." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130403033/34.
28
Melo, Samara Pereira da Costa. "Especifica??o do tipo intervalar parametrizado em CASL." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18057.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-19The interval datatype applications in several areas is important to construct a interval type reusable, i.e., a interval constructor can be applied to any datatype and get intervals this datatype. Since the interval is, of certain form, a set of elements limited for two bounds, left and right, with a order notions, then it s reasonable that interval constructor enclose datatypes with partial order. On the order hand, what we want is work with interval of any datatype like this we work with this datatype then. it s important to guarantee the properties of the datatype when maps to interval of this datatype. Thus, the interval constructor get a theory to parametrized interval type, i.e., a interval with generics parameters (for example rational, real, complex). Sometimes, the interval application in some algebras doesn t guarantee the mainutenance of their properties, for example, when we use interval of real, that satisfies the field properties, it doesn t guarantee the distributivity propertie. A form to surpass this problem Santiago introduced the local equality theory that weakened the notion of strong equality, and thus, allowing some properties are local keeped, what can be discard before. The interval arithmetic generalization aim to apply the interval constructor on ordered algebras weakened for local equality with the purpose of the keep their properties. How the intervals are important in applications with continuous data, it s interesting specify that theory using a specification language that supply a system development using intervals of form disciplined, trustworth and safe. Currently, the algebraic specification language, based in math models, have been use to that intention often. We choose CASL (Common Algebraic Specification Language) among others languages because CASL has several characteristics excellent to parametrized interval type, such as, provide parcialiy and parametrization
O uso do tipo intervalar em v?rias ?reas favorece a id?ia de se ter uma estrutura b?sica reutiliz?vel, ou seja, um construtor intervalar que seja aplicado a um tipo de dados para se obter os intervalos desse tipo. Como um intervalo, intuitivamente ? o conjunto de elementos que est?o entre dois extremos, sua constru??o presup?e a no??o de ordem, e portanto ? razo?vel que este construtor trabalhe sobre tipos munidos de uma ordem parcial. Por outro lado, como o que se quer ? operar com intervalos de objetos de um certo tipo como se opera com esses objetos, ent?o tamb?m ? razo?vel querer que as propriedades alg?bricas desses objetos sejam preservadas no seu tipo intervalar. Assim, o construtor intervalar fornece uma fundamenta??o te?rica para o tipo intervalo parametrizado, ou seja, intervalos cujo par?metro ? generalizado podendo ser, por exemplo, n?meros reais, complexos, etc. A aplica??o do intervalo em certas estruturas alg?bricas nem sempre garante a preserva??o de suas caracter?sticas, por exemplo, quando se trabalha com intervalos de n?meros reais, seria conveniente que estes pudessem se comportar como se fossem os reais. Isto n?o acontece pois os reais satisfazem as propriedades alg?bricas de corpo, j? os intervalos de reais n?o (por exemplo, n?o suporta a propriedade distributiva). Para superar esta dificuldade Santiago introduziu a teoria da igualdade local numa forma de enfraquecer a no??o de igualdade forte fazendo com que propriedades satisfeitas localmente sejam relevantes, propriedades estas que antes poderiam ser descartadas. A generaliza??o da aritm?tica intervalar prop?e a aplica??o do construtor intervalar em estruturas alg?bricas ordenadas e enfraquecidas pela igualdade local, objetivando a manuten??o de suas propriedades alg?bricas. Como os intervalos s?o importantes em aplica??es que trabalhem com dados cont?nuos, ? interessante descrever esta teoria usando uma linguagem de especifica??o que permita o desenvolvimento de sistemas computacionais que usem tipos intervalares de modo disciplinado, confi?vel e seguro. Atualmente, as linguagens de especifica??es alg?bricas, que se baseiam em modelos matem?ticos, t?m sido muito usadas para este proposito. Dentre as v?rias linguagens deste tipo existentes, foi escolhida CASL (Common Algebraic Specification Language) por conter diversas caracter?sticas relevantes para especifica??o do tipo intervalar parametrizado como, por exemplo, admitir parametriza??o e parcialidade
29
Pazman, Andrej. "Correlated optimum design with parametrized covariance function. Justification of the Fisher information matrix and of the method of virtual noise." Institut für Statistik und Mathematik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/562/1/document.pdf.
Анотація:
We consider observations of a random field (or a random process), which is modeled by a nonlinear regression with a parametrized mean (or trend) and a parametrized covariance function. In the first part we show that under the assumption that the errors are normal with small variances, even when the number of observations is small, the ML estimators of both parameters are approximately unbiased, uncorrelated, with variances given by the inverse of the Fisher information matrix. In the second part we are extending the result of Pazman & Müller (2001) to the case of parametrized covariance function, namely we prove that the optimum designs with and without the presence of the virtual noise are identical. This in principle justify the use the method of virtual noise as a computational device also in this case. (authors' abstract)Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
30
Sageman-Furnas, Andrew O'Shea [Verfasser], Max [Akademischer Betreuer] Wardetzky, Viktor [Gutachter] Pidstrygach, and Alexander [Gutachter] Bobenko. "A theory of discrete parametrized surfaces in R^3 / Andrew O'Shea Sageman-Furnas ; Gutachter: Viktor Pidstrygach, Alexander Bobenko ; Betreuer: Max Wardetzky." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163806102/34.
31
Peherstorfer, Benjamin [Verfasser], Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Bungartz, and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Willcox. "Model Order Reduction of Parametrized Systems with Sparse Grid Learning Techniques / Benjamin Peherstorfer. Gutachter: Hans-Joachim Bungartz ; Karen Willcox. Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Bungartz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043587519/34.
32
Peherstorfer, Benjamin Verfasser], Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bungartz, and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Willcox. "Model Order Reduction of Parametrized Systems with Sparse Grid Learning Techniques / Benjamin Peherstorfer. Gutachter: Hans-Joachim Bungartz ; Karen Willcox. Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Bungartz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20130918-1163421-0-8.
33
Peherstorfer, Benjamin Verfasser], Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Bungartz, and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Willcox. "Model Order Reduction of Parametrized Systems with Sparse Grid Learning Techniques / Benjamin Peherstorfer. Gutachter: Hans-Joachim Bungartz ; Karen Willcox. Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Bungartz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043587519/34.
34
Frasca, M. "GRAPH-BASED APPROACHES FOR IMBALANCED DATA IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/172445.
Анотація:
The Gene Function Prediction (GFP) problem consists in inferring biological properties for the genes whose function is unknown or only partially
known, and raises challenging issues from both a machine learning and a
computational biology standpoint.
The GFP problem can be formalized as a semi-supervised learning problem in an undirected graph. Indeed, given a graph with a partial graph labeling, where nodes represent genes, edges functional relationships between
genes, and labels their membership to functional classes, GFP consists in
inferring the unknown functional classes of genes, by exploiting the topological relationships of the networks and the available a priori knowledge about
the functional properties of genes.
Several network-based machine learning algorithms have been proposed
for solving this problem, including Hopfield networks and label propagation
methods; however, some issues have been only partially considered, e.g. the
preservation of the prior knowledge and the unbalance between positive and
negative labels.
A first contribution of the thesis is the design of a Hopfield-based cost
sensitive neural network algorithm (COSNet) to address these learning issues. The method factorizes the solution of the problem in two parts: 1) the
subnetwork composed by the labelled vertices is considered, and the network
parameters are estimated through a supervised algorithm; 2) the estimated
parameters are extended to the subnetwork composed of the unlabeled vertices, and the attractor reached by the dynamics of this subnetwork allows
to predict the labeling of the unlabeled vertices.
The proposed method embeds in the neural algorithm the “a priori”
knowledge coded in the labeled part of the graph, and separates node labels
and neuron states, allowing to differentially weight positive and negative
node labels, and to perform a learning approach that takes into account the
“unbalance problem” that affects GFP.
A second contribution of this thesis is the development of a new algorithm (LSI ) which exploits some ideas of COSNet for evaluating the predictive capability of each input network. By this algorithm we can estimate the
effectiveness of each source of data for predicting a specific class, and then
we can use this information to appropriately integrate multiple networks by
weighting them according to an appropriate integration scheme.
Both COSNet and LSI are computationally efficient and scale well with
the dimension of the data.
COSNet and LSI have been applied to the genome-wide prediction of gene functions in the yeast and mouse model organisms, achieving results
comparable with those obtained with state-of-the-art semi-supervised and
supervised machine learning methods.
35
Bader, Eduard [Verfasser], Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Veroy, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Herty. "Reduced basis methods applied to obstacle problems and parametrized distributed optimal control problems with control and state constraints / Eduard Bader ; Karen Paula Veroy-Grepl, Michael Matthias Herty." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/115712237X/34.
36
Akbaba, Esin. "Einstein Aether Gravity." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610898/index.pdf.
Анотація:
In this thesis, we review some basic properties of the Einstein-aether gravity. We derive
the field equations from an action and study a subclass of this theory corresponding to
the Einstein-Maxwell like theory. We also show that the Gödel type metrics are also exact solutions of this theory. Furthermore, we determine the observational constraints on the dimensionless preferred parameters of this theory using the parametrized post- Newtonian formalism. We stress that none of calculations and discussions are original in this thesis.
37
Gonçalves, Marco Aurélio da Fontoura. "UM ESTUDO SOBRE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE CICLOS DE USINAGEM ATRAVÉS DE PROGRAMAÇÃO PARAMETRIZADA EM MÁQUINAS DE COMANDO NUMÉRICO COMPUTADORIZADO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8419.
Анотація:
The computer numerical control (CNC) machines can be programmed. They have functions that help to get different superficies of varied geometry in the manufacturing process of mechanical parts. This research has the purpose to present a methodology of application of the resources of parametrized programming for the developing of manufacturing cycles to a machine (CNC). The parametrized programming seems to be an
efficient tool to implement routines that the machine does not have. By using traditional programming resources, it reduces the number of programming lines in relation to more used
methods. This dissertation shows a technique that increases the machine operational efficiency by increasing the programming resources, and also add value to the use of the
machine in the operational production processAs máquinas de comando numérico computadorizado (CNC) são programáveis e possuem funções que facilitam a obtenção de diferentes superfícies com geometria variada na manufatura de peças mecânicas. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma metodologia de aplicação dos recursos avançados de programação no desenvolvimento de rotinas parametrizadas dedicadas ao processo de fresamento. A programação parametrizada mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz para criar ciclos de usinagem a serem implementados como recursos adicionais às funções de programação disponíveis no comando da máquina. Por usar recursos tradicionais de programação, a técnica reduz o número de linhas de códigos em relação aos métodos computacionais de geração automática de programas de operação do equipamento. O trabalho mostrou que a técnica de programação parametrizada aumenta a eficiência operacional da máquina, através do aumento dos recursos de programação, agregando maior valor na utilização da mesma para realizar operações produtivas
38
Heyberger, Christophe. "PGD espace-temps adaptée pour le traitement de problèmes paramétrés." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048636.
Анотація:
Cette thèse s'intéresse à la question récurrente qu'est la résolution d'un problème pour un grand nombre de configurations différentes. Malgré l'augmentation constante de la puissance de calcul que l'on connait aujourd'hui, le traitement direct d'un tel problème reste souvent hors de portée. La technique qui est développée ici est basée sur l'utilisation de la Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) dans le cadre de la méthode LATIN. On étudie tout d'abord la capacité de cette technique de réduction de modèle à résoudre un problème paramétré pour un espace de conception donné. Lors du traitement d'un tel problème, on génère une base réduite que l'on peut réutiliser et éventuellement enrichir en traitant un par un les problèmes correspondants aux jeux de paramètres étudiés. Le but devient alors de développer une stratégie, inspirée par la méthode " Reduced Basis ", afin d'explorer de façon rationnelle l'espace des paramètres. L'objectif étant de construire, avec le minimum de résolutions, une base réduite " complète " qui permet de résoudre tous les autres problèmes de l'espace de conception sans enrichir cette base. On commence dès lors par montrer l'existence d'une telle base complète en extrayant les informations les plus pertinentes des solutions PGD d'un problème pour tous les jeux de paramètres de l'espace de conception. On propose ensuite une stratégie rationnelle pour construire cette base complète sans la nécessité préalable de la résolution du problème pour tous les jeux de paramètres. Enfin, les performances de la méthode proposée sont illustrées sur plusieurs exemples, montrant des gains conséquents lorsque des études récurrentes doivent être menées.
39
Meier, Arne [Verfasser]. "Parametrised enumeration / Arne Meier." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206685859/34.
40
GIUNTI, BARBARA. "Tame parametrised chain complexes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1291606.
Анотація:
Persistent homology has proven to be a useful tool to extract information from data
sets. Its method can be summarised by a standard workflow: start with data, build the
chain complex of a simplicial complex modelling the data, apply homology obtaining
the so-called persistent module, and retrieve topological information using invariants.
Complete, and thus most discriminative, invariants are given by the indecomposables
of the persistent modules. However, such invariants can be retrieved only for the
objects of finite representation type whose decomposition is efficiently computed. In
addition, homology might be an overkill, and some information may be lost while
applying it to the chain complexes. The starting point of our investigation is the
idea that a direct study of the chain complex can address these issues. Therefore,
we investigate the category of tame parametrised chain complexes, which are chain
complexes evolving according to one real parameter. Such a category is quite rich
and includes many interesting types of objects, such as parametrised vector spaces,
commutative ladders and zigzag modules. We define a model category structure on
the category of tame parametrised chain complexes. This setting is quite natural
since chain complexes admit a model category structure themselves. Moreover, we can
exploit the rich theory of model category to extract invariants. In general, in a model
category, there are special objects called cofibrant objects, that can be used to study
any other object in the category by approximating it through them. After identifying
the cofibrant objects in the category of tame parametrised chain complexes, we study
their indecomposables. We find that, despite in general tame parametrised chain
complexes are of wild representation type, the indecomposables of cofibrant objects
can be fully described. We then approximate every tame parametrised chain complex
using two cofibrant objects, called the minimal cover and the minimal representative.
Such objects are crucial since they are invariants. In particular, the minimal cover is
a homological invariant, and the minimal representative is a homotopical invariant.
Thus, these two objects are retrieving all the topological information of the objects
they are approximating. In conclusion, we prove that it is possible to analyse data
using a new workflow: start with data, build the chain complex of a simplicial complex
modelling the data, associate to it either a minimal cover or a minimal representative,
and decompose the chosen one to retrieve a summary of the information in the data.
41
Hyytinen, M. (Markus). "Parametrien estimointi." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605201826.
42
Luk, W. "Parametrised design of regular processor arrays." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329919.
43
Alamäki, M. (Markku). "Parametrinen resonanssi ja vahvistus." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201606032252.
Анотація:
LuK-tutkielmassani käsittelen parametrista resonanssia ja sen sovelluksia. Parametrinen resonanssi on epästabiilisuusilmiö jossa jotakin systeemin liikeyhtälön parametria muuttamalla saadaan värähtely kasvamaan. Parametrisesta resonanssista käsitellen erityisesti Mathieun yhtälöä, Floquet’n (tai Blochin) teoreemaa ja resonanssin voimakkuutta. Esitettyyn teoriaan pohjautuen lasken karakteristisen eksponentin eri Mathieun yhtälön ratkaisuille ja käsittelen sen yhteyttä resonanssin voimakkuuteen. Parametrisen resonanssin sovelluksista tutkielmani käsittelee parametrisia vahvistimia, erityisesti parametrista kaksisäiliövahvistintaIn my thesis I discuss parametric resonance and its applications. Parametric resonance stands for an instability phenomenon where oscillations in a system get amplified due to a periodic change in a parameter in the equations of motion. Concerning parametric resonance, I discuss especially Mathieu’s equation, Floquet (or Bloch) theorem and strength of resonance. Based on the presented theory I calculate the characteristic exponent for different solutions of the Mathieu’s equation and discuss the relation between strength of resonance and characteristic exponent. Concerning the applications, I discuss parametric amplifiers, especially the two-tank parametric amplifier
44
Junior, Wivaldo Dantas de Asevedo. "Modelo Ionosférico Regional Parametrizado." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2009. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/03.24.17.56.
Анотація:
Neste trabalho um modelo ionosférico regional parametrizado (PARIM) foi desenvolvido e usado para calcular variações espaciais e temporais de valores de freqüência de plasma e concentração de elétrons sobre o setor brasileiro. Valores de freqüência de plasma calculados pelo SUPIM (Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model) modificado foram utilizados para construir o modelo. O PARIM é um modelo parametrizado com dependências em altitude, longitude (hora local) e latitude, que reproduz valores de freqüência de plasma para qualquer dia do ano em períodos geomagneticamente calmos (Ap~4), e atividade solar de baixa a moderadamente alta (FI0.7 entre 66 e 180). O procedimento para reproduzir os dados iniciais, utiliza as séries de Fourier para que todas as dependências dos valores de freqüência de plasma, possam ser representados pelos seus coeficientes. De forma geral os valores de freqüência de plasma obtidos pelo modelo PARIM apresentam boa coerência comparados aos valores do SUPIM. Em comparação aos dados da campanha COPEX, o modelo apresenta resultados satisfatórios mas ainda necessita de aprimoramentos. Os valores de freqüência crítica de plasma na região E calculados com o modelo PARIM estão coerentes com os dados medidos na campanha COPEX. Os valores calculados de hmE sobre a região de Cachimbo estão de acordo com os dados obtidos, mas apresentam uma variação em sentido contrário ao anoitecer sobre as regiões de Boa Vista e Campo Grande. Os parãmetros foF2 obtidos com o PARIM estão coerentes em comparação às medidas efetuadas em Cachimbo e superestimados durante o período do dia nas estações de Boa Vista e Campo Grande. Os parâmetros hmF2 calculados para as estações de Boa vista e Campo Grande estão de acordo com o valores obtidos da campanha COPEX, mas apresentam descontinuidades entre 12:00 e 16:00 (hora local) sobre a região equatorial, o que pode estar associado a ocorrência de uma camada F3. Os valores de TEC calculados pelo PARIM, estão superestimados em comparação aos dados da campanha COPEX durante a tarde e início da noite. A diferença é bem mais acentuada próximo das 16:00 horas.In this work a parametrized regional ionospheric model (PARIM) was developed and used to calculate spatial and temporal variations of ionospheric plasma frequency and electron concentration over Brazilian sector. Values of plasma frequency calculated from an enhanced Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) was used to construct the model. The PARIM is a parametrized model with dependencies in altitude, longitude (local time) and latitude, giving values of plasma frequency for any day of the year for quiet geomagnetic conditions (Ap~4) and low to moderately high solar activity (FI0.7 between 66 and 180). The procedure to reproduce the initial data base, uses Fourier series so that all the plasma frequency dependencies can be represented by the Fourier coefficients. In general. the plasma frequency values obtained with PARIM model shows excellent agreement with results from SUPIM model. In comparison with results from COPEX campaign, the model shows good agreement but it needs improvements. The values of criticai frequency for the ionospheric E layer obtained with PARIM are in good agreement with COPEX campaign data. The values of hmE over Cachimbo shows coherence with COPEX campaign measurements, but over Boa Vista and Campo Grande during evening time there is not good agreement. The parameters foF2 calculated over Cachimbo are in agreement with the data, but their are overestimated over Boa Vista and Campo Grande during day time. The values of hmF2 calculated for Boa Vista and Campo Grande show good agreement with COPEX campaign data, but over equatorial sector the values from PARIM show inconsistencies between 12:00 and 16:00 (local time). The explanation to this inconsistencies may be connected with the occurrence of F3 layer. The values of Total Electron Content (TEC) calculated by P ARIM are overestimated in comparison with the observational data from COPEX, during the day and early evening time. The differences are more noticeable near 16 LT.
45
SOUZA, Leandro Carlos de. "Agrupamento e regressão linear de dados simbólicos intervalares baseados em novas representações." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17640.
Анотація:
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Um intervalo é um tipo de dado complexo usado na agregação de informações ou na representação de dados imprecisos. Este trabalho apresenta duas novas representações para intervalos com o objetivo de se construir novos métodos de agrupamento e regressão linear para este tipo de dado. O agrupamento por nuvens dinâmicas define partições nos dados e associa protótipos a cada uma destas partições. Os protótipos resumem a informação das partições e são usados na minimização de um critério que depende de uma distância, responsável por quantificar a proximidade entre instâncias e protótipos. Neste sentido, propõe-se a formulação de uma nova distância híbrida entre intervalos baseando-se em distâncias para pontos. Os pontos utilizados são obtidos dos intervalos através de um mapeamento. Também são propostas duas versões com pesos para a distância criada: uma com pesos no hibridismo e outra com pesos adaptativos. Na regressão linear, propõe-se a representação dos intervalos através da equação paramétrica da reta. Esta parametrização permite o ajuste dos pontos nas variáveis regressoras que dão as melhores estimativas para os limites da variável resposta. Antes da realização da regressão, um critério é calculado para a verificação da coerência matemática da predição, na qual o limite superior deve ser maior ou igual ao inferior. Se o critério mostra que a coerência não é garantida, propõe-se a aplicação de uma transformação sobre a variável resposta. Assim, este trabalho também propõe algumas transformações que podem ser aplicadas a dados intervalares, no contexto de regressão. Dados sintéticos e reais são utilizados para comparar os métodos provenientes das representações propostas e aqueles presentes na literatura.
An interval is a complex data type used in the information aggregation or in the representation of imprecise data. This work presents two new representations of intervals in order to construct a new cluster method and a new linear regression method for this kind of data. Dynamic clustering defines partitions into the data and it defines prototypes associated with each one of these partitions. The prototypes summarize the information about the partitions and they are used in a minimization criterion which depends on a distance, which is responsible for quantifying the proximity between instances and prototypes. In this way, it is proposed a new hybrid distance between intervals based on a family of distances between points. Points are obtained from the interval through a mapping. Also, it is proposed two versions of the hybrid distance, both with weights: one with weights in hybridism and other with adaptive weights. In linear regression, it is proposed to represent the intervals through the parametric equation of the line. This parametrization allows to find the set of points in the regression variables corresponding to the best estimates for the response variable limits. Before the regression construction, a criterion is computed to verify the mathematical consistency of prediction, where the upper limit must be greater than or equal to the lower. If the test shows that consistency is not guaranteed, then the application proposes a transformation of the response variable. Therefore, this work also proposes some transformations that can be applied to interval data in the regression context. Synthetic and real data are used to compare the proposed methods and those one proposed on literature.
46
Efremov, Semen. "Croissance paramétrée et bruit procédural pour la conception de métamatériaux mécaniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0046.
Анотація:
Avec le développement constant des technologies, les capacités de calcul et de fabrication augmentent, les méthodes de production évoluent et de nouvelles techniques apparaissent. Par conséquent, le besoin de nouveaux matériaux aux propriétés adaptées et optimisées pour différentes applications se fait sentir. Les composites périodiques avec une topologie de microstructure adaptée, appelés métamatériaux cellulaires, sont largement étudiés dans ce contexte. Ces structures sont connues pour leurs propriétés mécaniques remarquables, notamment une résistance élevée, un poids réduit et une absorption d'énergie accrue. L'utilisation de ces matériaux permet d'obtenir des propriétés physiques améliorées ou des caractéristiques fonctionnelles spécifiques et apporte un gain économique et un bénéfice écologique. Cette thèse est consacrée au développement et à l'analyse de méthodes de conception assistée par ordinateur de matériaux aux propriétés mécaniques adaptées. Les métamatériaux mécaniques ont été étudiés à travers deux approches différentes : la modélisation de structures périodiques par un modèle de croissance paramétré et des fonctions de bruit procédurales. Pour relever le défi d'obtenir des microstructures quasi régulières avec des propriétés variant progressivement, j'ai proposé et étudié un matériau cellulaire engendré par un processus de croissance. La croissance est paramétrée par un ensemble d'étoiles 3D à chaque point du réseau, définissant la géométrie qui apparaîtra autour. Des tuiles individuelles peuvent être calculées et utilisées dans un treillis périodique, ou une structure globale peut être produite par gradation spatiale, en changeant l'ensemble paramétrique en forme d'étoile à chaque emplacement du treillis. Au-delà de la gradation spatiale libre, un avantage important de cette approche est que les symétries élastiques peuvent être intrinsèquement renforcées. Nous montrons dans ce travail comment les symétries partagées entre le réseau et l'ensemble étoilé se traduisent directement en symétries de la réponse élastique des structures périodiques. Ainsi, l'approche permet de restreindre la symétrie des réponses élastiques - monoclinique, orthorhombique, trigonale, etc. - tout en explorant librement un large espace de géométries et de topologies possibles. Je fournis une étude complète de l'espace de symétries et de larges combinaisons de paramètres de processus de croissance. De plus, je démontre par des résultats numériques et expérimentaux les réponses attendues déclenchées par les structures obtenues. La deuxième contribution de cette thèse est une nouvelle technique de synthèse procédurale de motifs. Cette approche présente des propriétés souhaitables pour la modélisation de motifs très contrastés, qui sont bien adaptés pour produire des détails de surface et de microstructure. Cette approche définit un champ de phase lisse stochastique - un bruit de phase - qui est ensuite introduit dans une fonction périodique (par exemple une onde sinusoïdale), produisant un champ oscillant avec des fréquences principales prescrites et des oscillations de contraste préservées. Je présente dans cette thèse un modèle mathématique qui repose sur une reformulation du bruit de Gabor en termes de champ phasor qui permet une séparation claire entre l'intensité locale et la phase. En particulier, j'étudie le comportement du bruit phasor en termes de spectre de puissance. Ainsi, une étude théorique comparative du bruit en phase est réalisée afin de comprendre les liens entre ses propriétés et ses paramètresWith constant development of technologies, computational and manufacturing capabilities increase, production methods evolve, and new techniques appear. As a result, the need for new materials with tailored, optimized properties for different applications arises. Periodic composites with tailored microstructure topology, called cellular metamaterials are extensively studied in this context. These structures are known for their remarkable mechanical properties, including high strength, lower weight, and increased energy absorption. The use of these materials allows to achieve improved physical properties or specific functional features and provides economical gain and ecological benefit.This thesis is dedicated to the development and analysis of methods for computer-aided design of materials with tailored mechanical properties. The mechanical metamaterials were studied through two different approaches: modelling periodic structures through a parameterized growth model and procedural noise functions. To tackle the challenge of obtaining near-regular microstructures with progressively varying properties, I proposed and studied a cellular material spawned by a growth process. The growth is parameterized by a 3D star-shaped set at each lattice point, defining the geometry that will appear around it. Individual tiles may be computed and used in a periodic lattice, or a global structure may be produced under spatial gradations, changing the parametric star-shaped set at each lattice location. Beyond free spatial gradation, an important advantage of this approach is that elastic symmetries can be intrinsically enforced. It is shown in this work how shared symmetries between the lattice and the star-shaped set directly translate into symmetries of the periodic structures' elastic response. Thus, the approach enables restricting the symmetry of the elastic responses -- monoclinic, orthorhombic, trigonal, and so on -- while freely exploring a wide space of possible geometries and topologies. I provide a comprehensive study of the space of symmetries and broad combinations of growth process parameters. Furthermore, I demonstrate through numerical and experimental results the expected responses triggered by the obtained structures.The second contribution of this thesis is a novel procedural pattern synthesis technique. This approach exhibits desirable properties for modeling highly contrasted patterns, that are well suited to produce surface and microstructure details. This approach defines a stochastic smooth phase field –- a phasor noise –- that is then fed into a periodic function (e.g. a sine wave), producing an oscillating field with prescribed main frequencies and preserved contrast oscillations. I present in this thesis a mathematical model, that builds upon a reformulation of Gabor noise in terms of a phasor field that affords for a clear separation between local intensity and phase. In particular, I study the behavior of phasor noise in terms of its power spectrum. Hence, a comparative theoretical study of phasor noise was performed in order to gain understanding of links between its properties and parameters
47
Välipirtti, I. (Iida). "Inversio-ongelmasta ja parametrien estimoinnista." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201905071612.
Анотація:
Tiivistelmä. Tässä tutkielmassa tutustutaan inversio-ongelmiin, ja tapoihin ratkaista niitä. Aluksi esitellään inversio-ongelma ja avataan syitä sille, miksi se on hankala ratkaista. Tämän jälkeen tutustutaan tilastollisiin menetelmiin ratkaista inversio-ongelmia ja arvioida mallien oikeutta. Lineaarinen regressio esitellään parametrien estimointiongelmana, ja pienimmän neliösumman ratkaisu johdetaan siitä. Suurimman uskottavuuden estimointi esitellään, kuten myös tuntemattoman keskihajonnan ongelmat. Tutkielmassa on käytetty päälähteenä teosta [1].
48
Silva, Nayara Rosy Felix da. "Geração multi-parametrizada de corpora linguísticos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3364.
Анотація:
Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SENão informado.
O desenvolvimento de software de Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN) é altamente dependente da boa qualidade do que chamamos de corpus Linguístico. Um corpus é uma coleção de textos processáveis pelo computador, mas produzidos dentro de um ambiente comunicativo natural. Essa dependência advém do fato de que a maior parte do trabalho realizado com PLN hoje em dia está relacionado ao uso de técnicas de Aprendizado de Máquina para criação de modelos de linguagem. Para sistemas que permitem correção automática e previsão de palavras e sentenças, por exemplo, modelos linguísticos são gerados a partir de um corpus de texto a partir de transcrições usando N-Gram. Infelizmente, corpora linguísticos em português do Brasil não são abundantes e sua confecção não é uma tarefa trivial. Um caminho para a confecção de corpus linguísticos em Português é a confecção de CrawlersWeb. Focused Crawlers, em particular, têm o propósito de coletar páginas da Web que sejam relevantes a um tópico ou interesse específico do usuário. FocusedCrawlers existentes ainda não atendem completamente a necessidades específicas e toda potencialidade de um sistema de PLN. Esta dissertação de mestrado se propõe a contribuir com o Estado da Arte ao propor uma ferramenta para a confecção automática de corpora bem representativos ao objetivo do usuário que possam ser balanceados em respeito a fatores tais como tipo de coleta, domínio, língua, formalidade do discurso e rotulação do texto. A ferramenta permite ainda que etapas de pós-processamento sejam realizadas, como por exemplo limpeza do corpus, construção de um modelo de linguagem e de um modelo de entidades nomeadas. Dois corpora foram criados em duas formas de coleta distintas: por dados da Web (corpus Vaza- Barris) ou por dados do Twitter (corpus Poxim). O corpus VazaBarris possui 86 milhões de palavras e o Poxim possui 3 milhões de palavras. Estes corpora foram avaliados por meio da criação de modelo de linguagem e comparação com dois outros corpora em Português. Os resultados mostram que Poxim alcançou o melhor valor de perplexidade. Poxim também traz maior contribuição quando interpolado com algum outro corpus. Além dos corpora, foi criado um método de coleta automática para streaming de dados, utilizando o algoritmo de Relevance Feedback. Segundo os resultados, utilizar Relevance Feedback para a coleta dos dados melhorou o valor de perplexidade com o corpus coletado inicialmente. Um terceiro corpus foi criado para rotulação de Entidades Nomeadas, o Paramopama. O Paramopama é uma versão estendida PtBR do corpus WikiNer, com inclusão das entidades Pessoa, Localização, Organização e Tempo. Os resultados mostram que o Paramopama apresentou melhoria para as métricas de Precisão, Cobertura e Medida-F na comparação com outros três corpora do Estado da Arte.
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Vähänen, P. (Paavo). "Parametrisen suunnittelun hyödyntäminen teräsbetonisten runkorakenteiden luonnossuunnittelussa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201906042312.
Анотація:
Tiivistelmä. Parametrinen suunnittelu on osa algoritmiavusteista suunnittelua, jossa sarja ennalta määrättyjä tehtäviä suorittavat laskennan reunaehtojen ja lähtöparametrien avulla. Diplomityön tavoitteena on ollut luoda pohja parametrisen suunnittelun hyödyntämiselle betonirakenteisten runkojen luonnossuunnitelussa. Työssä tutkitaan, miten parametrista suunnittelua voitaisiin hyödyntää rakennushankkeen luonnossuunnitteluvaiheessa eri runkojärjestelmien vertailussa sekä alustavien rakenneosien ja perustuskuormien mitoittamisessa.
Työn teoriaosuudessa käsitellään betonirakenteisen rakennuksen rungon luonnossuunnitteluun liittyviä seikkoja. Rakennuksen oleellisin osa on rakennuksen runko sekä jäykistysjärjestelmä. Työssä esitellään eri runko- ja jäykistysjärjestelmiä sekä luonnossuunnittelun osavaiheita. Lisäksi avataan parametristä suunnittelua käsitteenä, sekä esitellään tutkimusosuudessa käytettäviä ohjelmistoja ja mielenkiintoisia sovellutuksia rakennesuunnittelussa.
Kirjallisuusosuudessa määriteltyjen ominaisuuksien perusteella luodaan visuaalisella ohjelmoinnilla laskentapohja parametrisen mallin luontiin. Tutkimusosiossa sovelletaan työssä luotua laskentapohjaa käynnissä olevaan luonnossuunnitteluhankkeeseen. Osiossa vertaillaan kahden eri luonnossuunnitteluprosessin tuloksia, perinteisen suunnitteluprosessin ja parametrisen suunnittelun. Laskentapohja mahdollistaa nopean rakenteiden alustavan mitoituksen sekä perustuskuormien karkean määrittelemisen luonnossuunnitteluvaiheessa. Laskentapohja esivalitsee laskentatuloksista soveltuvat rakenteiden dimensiot laskentamalliin poistaen käyttäjältä työlään poikkileikkausten iteroinnin manuaalisesti laskentatuloksista. Lisäksi laskentapohjan luoma parametrinen malli voidaan linkittää Teklaan sekä laskentaohjelmiin kuten RFEMiin.
Parametrinen suunnittelu on mielenkiintoinen lisä rakennesuunnittelijan työkaluihin. Työn perusteella saatiin hyvä kuva parametrisen suunnittelun mahdollisuuksista ja menetelmistä, joita voidaan jatkossa soveltaa luonnossuunnittelun ohella muihin suunnittelutarpeisiin. Parametrisellä suunnittelulla on paljon potentiaalia, jota ei vielä täysin ole hyödynnetty rakennesuunnittelussa. Alan ohjelmistot kehittyvät kovaa vauhtia, samalla kun tieto ja osaaminen aihealueesta laajenevat. Parametriset suunnittelumenetelmät ovat sekä tämän hetken, että tulevaisuuden suunnittelijoiden työkaluja.Utilization of parametric design in drafting concrete structural systems. Abstract. Parametric design is a subset of algorithmic design, in which a series of tasks that are previously designated process calculations based on boundary conditions and input parameters. The objective of this thesis has been to create a basis for using parametric design in drafting structural systems made of concrete. The main idea is to find out how parametric design can be utilized in civil engineering when comparing structural systems and dimensioning the initial structural elements and the foundation load.
The theory part of this thesis focuses on matters concerning drafting a concrete structural system. The most essential parts of a building are the structural and the reinforcing systems. The thesis showcases some structural and reinforcing systems and stages of the civil engineering procedure. In addition parametric design is defined as a concept, and the software used in the research part and some interesting applications in structural engineering are demonstrated.
Features specified in the theory part are used in the creating of the calculation layout for parametric model. In the second phase of the work, the created calculation sheet is been tested in a project currently in progress. The study includes also a comparison of two different design process.
Parametric design accelerates the preliminary definition of structural parts and foundation loads. Calculation sheet also defines the pre-sizes of the structural parts. Parametric model can be linked to Tekla structures and different software based on the finite element method like RFEM. Parametric design is interesting additional feature for civil engineering. This thesis provided useful information of the possibilities of the parametric design. Parametric design has a lot potential in civil engineering which has not been fully discovered yet.
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Luminiitty, L. (Liljastiina). "Asuinkerrostalon pohjien parametrinen suunnittelu evolutiivisin menetelmin." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201909272942.
Анотація:
Tiivistelmä. Tämän diplomityö tarkastelee asuinkerrostalon parametrista suunnitteluprosessia ja pyrkii ratkaisemaan tilasuunnittelun ongelmia evolutiivisten menetelmien keinoin. Työn tavoitteena on luoda Grasshopperin visuaalisen ohjelmointikielen ja ympäristön avulla työkalu, joka noudattaa arkkitehdin suunnitteluperiaatteita. Työkalun tarkoitus on nopeuttaa ja helpottaa rakennuksen massan ja rakennukseen esitetyn asuntojakauman välisen suhteen näkemistä sekä automatisoida rutiinin omaisia tehtäviä. Työkalun on tarkoitus hyödyntää algoritmiavusteisen suunnittelun hyötyjä kuitenkin säilyttäen arkkitehdin vaikutusmahdollisuudet suunnittelun lähtökohtiin ja lopputulokseen.
Diplomityö keskittyy kahteen osa-alueeseen, joista ensimmäinen osa käsittelee asuinkerrostalon jakamista asunnoiksi halutun asuntojakauman mukaan ja toinen osa käsittelee muodostettujen asuntojen jakamista huoneiksi. Osa-alueissa esittelen ajatusprosessia, jonka myötä työkalu kehittyi. Kerron myös työkalun ominaisuuksista ja suunnittelun lopputulokseen vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Lopuksi esitän työkalulla tehtyjä pohjaratkaisuja kalustettuna ja arvioin niiden toimivuutta.
Työni hyödyntää visuaalisen koodaamisen taitoja ja yhdistää ne osaksi arkkitehdin ammattitaitoa. Työkalu ei välttämättä anna selkeitä ratkaisuja, joten sen antamia ratkaisuja täytyy arvioida ja kyseenalaistaa. Kehittämäni suunnittelutyökalu antaa mahdollisuuden joustavaan suunnitteluun, jossa muutosten tekeminen käy nopeasti. Työkalu on kuitenkin vasta ensimmäinen katsaus aiheeseen ja vaatii tulevaisuudessa vielä paljon kehitystyötä ollakseen sujuva osa suunnitteluprosessia.Parametric design of apartment building floor plans with evolutionary methods. Abstract. This thesis examines the parametric design process of a residential apartment building in order to solve spatial design challenges by means of evolutionary methods. The aim of this work is to create a tool that follows the architect’s design principles by using Grasshopper’s visual programing language and environment. The purpose of this tool is to facilitate the outlining process in order to observe the relationship between the mass of a building and the distribution of apartments in the plan. Furthermore, the tool aims to reduce the mechanical work related to the designing and planning process. The tool is designed to utilise the algorithm-assisted design process without reducing the architect’s chances to influence the design outcome.
The thesis is divided into two parts. First part discusses the division process of the apartment building into the apartments. Second part focuses on the division process of the apartments into rooms. The developing process of the tool and the challenging aspects of it are discussed in order to present the thinking process behind the outcomes and specify the tool features. In addition, I present the floor plans with furnishings and evaluate the space usability.
My work utilises the skills of visual coding and combines them with the professional skills of an architect. Currently, the tool does not necessarily provide clear solutions, and therefore its results needs to be evaluated and questioned during the planning process. It however offers adaptable planning environment where the changes can be adapted quickly. The design tool is one of the first attempts to approach the subject area and therefore requires further development.