Статті в журналах: "Parabolic troughs receiver"

1

Almanza, Rafael, Alvaro Lentz, and Gustavo Jiménez. "Receiver behavior in direct steam generation with parabolic troughs." Solar Energy 61, no. 4 (October 1997): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(97)88854-8.

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2

Shuja, Shahzada Zaman, Bekir Sami Yilbas, and Hussain Al-Qahtani. "Thermal Assessment of Selective Solar Troughs." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163130.

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A comparative study was carried out incorporating a novel approach for thermal performance evaluations of commonly used parabolic trough collectors, namely the Euro, Sky, and Helio troughs. In the analysis, pressurized water and therminol-VP1 (eutectic mixture of diphenyl oxide (DPO) and biphenyl) fluid were introduced as working fluids, and the governing equation of energy was simulated for various working fluid mass flow rates and inlet temperatures. The thermal performance of the troughs was assessed by incorporating the first- and second-law efficiencies and by using temperature increases and pressure drops of the working fluid. It was found that the first-law efficiency of the troughs increased with the working fluid mass flow rate, while it decreased with an increasing working fluid inlet temperature. The first-law efficiency remained the highest for the Euro trough, followed by the Sky and Helio troughs. The second-law efficiency reduced with an increasing working fluid mass flow rate, while it increased with an increasing working fluid inlet temperature. The second-law efficiency became the highest for the Helio Trough, followed by the Sky and Euro troughs. The temperature increase remained the highest along the length of the receiver for the Helio Trough compared to that corresponding to the Euro and Sky troughs for the same mass flow rate of the working fluid. The pressure drops in the working fluid became high for the Euro Trough, followed by the Sky and Helio troughs. The pressurized water resulted in higher second-law efficiency than the therminol-VP1 fluid did for all of the troughs considered.

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3

Al-Oran, O., and F. Lezsovits. "Recent experimental enhancement techniques applied in the receiver part of the parabolic trough collector – A review." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 11, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00055.

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AbstractRecently, the thermal performance of the parabolic trough collector (PTC), augmented to be more applicable and efficient, received intensive research. These studies aimed to improve heat transfer in the receiver part, in order to decrease the heat loss, and enhance the heat transfer to the thermal fluid. Many previous review papers focused on the numerical sides rather than the experimental side. Several research papers recommended doing more research in the experimental field; in order to decrease the gap between the numerical and experimental results, as well as increase the confidence level of what has been done in the theoretical field researches. Regarding the recommendations of the recent papers to decrease the gap between numerical and experimental aspects, this review paper focused on the recent experimental research related to thermal enhancement performance in the receiver part of the parabolic solar collector. In this research, different categories of the enhancement methods are discussed in detail through this review, namely nanofluids, surface modifications, and inserts models or the two categories combined together. We discussed these categories for different parabolic troughs considering only the recent experimental research between the period from 2014 up to 2019. Some parameters were discussed, such as the main dimensions of the examined receiver and parabolic collector. Moreover, types of nanoparticle specifications and preparation methods with different base fluids were highlighted. In addition, we discussed different aspects of using inserts models and inlet and outlet surface modification methods. Finally, the main thermal efficiency and thermal performance enhancement results for each work were presented.

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4

Cygan, David, Hamid Abbasi, Aleksandr Kozlov, Joseph Pondo, Roland Winston, Bennett Widyolar, Lun Jiang, et al. "Full Spectrum Solar System: Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic/Concentrated Solar Power (CPV-CSP)." MRS Advances 1, no. 43 (2016): 2941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.512.

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ABSTRACTGas Technology Institute (GTI), together with its partners University of California at Merced (UC Merced) and MicroLink Devices Inc. (MicroLink) are developing a full spectrum solar energy collection system to deliver variable electricity and on-demand heat. The technology uses secondary optics in a solar receiver to achieve high efficiency at high temperature, collects heat in particles for low fire danger, stores heat in particles instead of molten salt for low cost, and uses double junction (2J) photovoltaic (PV) cells with backside infrared (IR) reflectors on the secondary optical element to raise exergy efficiency. The overall goal is to deliver enhancement to established trough technology while exceeding the heliostat power tower molten salt temperature limit. The use of inert particles for heat transfer may make parabolic troughs safer near population centers and may be valuable for industrial facilities.

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5

Goodman, Joel H. "Architectonic Studies with Selected Reflector Concentrating Solar Collectors." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 78–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.2.78.

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Solar concentrating collectors with reflectors are a developing technology for thermal applications that can be useful to avoid fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions, reduce demand for imported fuels and lessen biomass burning. The selected reflector concentrators for building integration studies are: fixed nonimaging compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) E-W line troughs, (building interior with evacuated tubes [ET] for the Temperate Zone, and exterior for the Tropics) with N-S involutes and adjustable end “wall” reflector options; and two-axis tracking small heliostats central receiver tower systems. When these reflector concentrating collector systems are integrated within building form, structure, and site planning, they are one of the main organizing design influences—an essential aspect of conceptual design. Schematic architectonic design studies are presented for mid temperature process heat applications beyond temperatures delivered with typical flat-plate thermal collectors (>≈80°C/176°F). Relations between: solar collector technologies, CPC optical characterization, daylighting, building structure, construction, site planning, and interior space usage are discussed for selected building types. These include CPC solar community and institutional kitchens for the Tropics, and house-size verification facilities with building interior ET and reflectors for the Temperate Zone.

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6

Nallusamy, Nallusamy, Panneerselvam Malathi Sivaram, and Mariappan Suresh. "Numerical Modelling of Solar Parabolic Trough Receiver Employed for Thermal Energy Storage System." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, no. 2 (2017): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.2.353.

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7

Liang, Jun Ming, Jian Feng Lu, Jing Ding, and Jian Ping Yang. "Heat Efficiency of Trough Solar Vacuum Receiver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.23.

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The heat loss and thermal performance of solar parabolic trough vacuum receiver were experimentally measured and analyzed by heat transfer model. According to the present experiments, the heat loss of solar parabolic trough vacuum receiver has good agreement with the heat loss of vacuum receiver from Solel company. As the wall temperature increase from 108°C to 158°C, the heat loss of solar parabolic trough vacuum receiver remarkably increases from 35 Wm-2to 57 Wm-2. The heat transfer model of parabolic trough solar receiver is then theoretically investigated due to the energy balances between the heat transfer fluid, absorber tube, glass envelope and surroundings. When solar radiation flux is constant, the heat efficiency of solar parabolic trough system decreases with the wall temperature and oil temperature. When solar radiation flux or solar concentration ratio increases, the heat efficiency of solar parabolic trough system increases.

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8

Wettermark, Gunnar. "Performance of the SSPS Solar Power Plants at Almeria." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268263.

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The article summarizes the results of the operation of the two solar power plants of the SSPS project (Small Solar Power Systems) at Almeria, carried out within the framework of the International Energy Agency. The two power plants were built side by side in order to compare two thermal-electric techniques, one being a distributed collector system (DCS) with arrays of parabolic troughs and the other a central receiver system (CRS) with heliostats concentrating the sunlight onto the top of a tower. Each plant was constructed with a nominal capacity of 500 kWel and was expected to have a net yearly output on the order of 1 GWh.—Only the DCS plant was in operation sufficiently to enable an assessment of possible annual production of electricity. Through extrapolation one finds that the gross output of the built plant was maximal 0.25 GWh with an overall efficiency of 2.3 percent for a plant with 100 percent availability and no malfunctions. Internal electricity consumption correspondingly calculated amounts to 0.11 GWh resulting in only 0.14 GWh yearly net output. Using the experimental values from the CRS plant, it appears that its yearly gross output could have been similar to that of the DCS plant but at higher internal electricity consumption, particularly due to the trace heating of the heat transfer medium (sodium).—The technical reasons for the poor efficiency of the SSPS installation were largely that the solar climate was less favorable then assumed, dirt accumulated on the mirrors at a more rapid rate than foreseen, the nonsolar specific components were badly matched and yielded low efficiencies, and thermal inertia was crucial and almost overlooked in the planning stage.—A detailed loss analysis is presented in the article.

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9

Sangotayo, Emmanuel Olayimika, Goodness Temitayo Opatola, Azeez Abdulraheem, and Taye Adeyemo. "Exergetic Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Water Heater." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2022.7.1.2696.

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Heat exchange mechanisms involved in the conversion of solar energy to heat were determined using a parabolic trough collector. This study's goal is to examine the impact of operational and environmental factors on the energetic, performance of three different Parabolic Trough Collector receivers used to generate hot water. The collectors used uncoated, grey, and black receiver tubes. The parabolic trough concentrator is built of mild steel as the mainframe support with a segmented mirror reflector. Reflectivity is 0.85, rim angle is 90, an aperture area is 2.42 m2, and concentration ratio is 11.7. The parabolic trough concentrator's focal point has galvanized iron receiving tubes. The receiver tubes were fitted individually via the parabolic reflector's focal point. The thermal exergy of each absorber tube was determined while water flowed at 0.003 kg/s. During the investigation, solar radiation, and water temperatures at the absorber tube's input and outflow were all measured. The results show that both the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and the amount of solar radiation have a substantial effect on thermal energetic performance. This concentrator reduces dependency on electric power while minimizing fossil-fuel emissions, reducing pollution.

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10

Sangotayo, Emmanuel Olayimika, Goodness Temitayo Opatola, Azeez Abdulraheem, and Taye Adeyemo. "Exergetic Analysis of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Water Heater." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2022.7.1.2696.

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Heat exchange mechanisms involved in the conversion of solar energy to heat were determined using a parabolic trough collector. This study's goal is to examine the impact of operational and environmental factors on the energetic, performance of three different Parabolic Trough Collector receivers used to generate hot water. The collectors used uncoated, grey, and black receiver tubes. The parabolic trough concentrator is built of mild steel as the mainframe support with a segmented mirror reflector. Reflectivity is 0.85, rim angle is 90, an aperture area is 2.42 m2, and concentration ratio is 11.7. The parabolic trough concentrator's focal point has galvanized iron receiving tubes. The receiver tubes were fitted individually via the parabolic reflector's focal point. The thermal exergy of each absorber tube was determined while water flowed at 0.003 kg/s. During the investigation, solar radiation, and water temperatures at the absorber tube's input and outflow were all measured. The results show that both the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and the amount of solar radiation have a substantial effect on thermal energetic performance. This concentrator reduces dependency on electric power while minimizing fossil-fuel emissions, reducing pollution.

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11

Brooks, M. J., I. Mills, and T. M. Harms. "Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i3a3291.

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The performance of a South African parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) module has been characterised using the ASHRAE 93-1986 standard. The collector is designed for component testing and development in a solar energy research programme. Low-temperature testing was performed at Mangosuthu Technikon’s STARlab facility using water as the working fluid. Both an evacuated glassshielded receiver and an unshielded receiver were tested, with which peak thermal efficiencies of 53.8% and 55.2% were obtained respectively. The glass-shielded element offered superior performance at the maximum test temperature, desensitising the receiver to wind and reducing the overall heat loss coefficient by half. The collector time constants for both receivers indicate low thermal inertia and the measured acceptance angles exceed the tracking accuracy of the PTSC, ensuring the collector operates within 2% of its optimal efficiency at all times. Off-sun thermal loss results and the behaviour of the PTSC under increased angles of incidence are described. A description of the test system components is given.

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12

Chen, Fei, Ming Li, and Peng Zhang. "Distribution of Energy Density and Optimization on the Surface of the Receiver for Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/120917.

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The geometrical optics model about the offset effect of solar rays by the thickness of concentrating mirror and the diametric solar model were established. The radiant flux density on the surface of the receiver for parabolic trough solar concentrator was obtained by numerical calculation with the established models. Charge-coupled device (CCD) was used for testing gray image on the surface of the receiver for parabolic trough solar concentrator. The image was analyzed by Matlab and the radiant flux density on the surface of the receiver for parabolic trough solar concentrator was achieved. It was found that the result of the theory is consistent with that of the experiment, and the relative deviation on the focal length width was 8.7%. The geometrical structure of receiver based on parabolic trough solar concentrator was optimized, a new parabolic receiver has been proposed, and it has been shown that the optimized geometrical structure of receiver was beneficial to improve the working performance of the entire system.

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13

Li, Jian, Zhifeng Wang, Jianbin Li, and Dongqiang Lei. "Vacuum reliability analysis of parabolic trough receiver." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 105 (October 2012): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.06.034.

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14

Guo, Jiangfeng, Xiulan Huai, and Zhigang Liu. "Performance investigation of parabolic trough solar receiver." Applied Thermal Engineering 95 (February 2016): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.035.

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15

Padilla, Ricardo Vasquez, Armando Fontalvo, Gokmen Demirkaya, Arnold Martinez, and Arturo Gonzalez Quiroga. "Exergy analysis of parabolic trough solar receiver." Applied Thermal Engineering 67, no. 1-2 (June 2014): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.03.053.

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16

Liu, Yun, and Hong Zhang. "Selection of Working Fluids for Medium Temperature Heat Pipes Used in Parabolic Trough Solar Receivers." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.62.

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According to the methods of focusing,the solar thermal generation can be classified to tower system,parabolic trough system and dish-stirling system. The parabolic solar thermal generation system is an important type of solar thermal utilization. Compared to tower and dish-stirling system,the parabolic trough system has many advantages such as the small concentration ratio,the simple process,the low material requirement and the simple tracking device because of many concentrator on-axis tracking. The parabolic trough system is the lowest cost, least close to commercialization,larger potential system optimization,and the most suitable to large operation in this three thermal generation systems [1,. The parabolic trough system is composed of concentrator and receiver,and the receiver is the key component that uses solar energy to heat working fluids in receiver. Therefore,the key problem is how to make the solar energy transfer to subsequent generation system efficiently and stably.

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17

Sookramoon, Krissadang. "Design of a Solar Tunnel Dryer Combined Heat with a Parabolic Trough for Paddy Drying." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.239.

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This paper presents the design, build and performance test of a solar tunnel dryer combined heat with a parabolic trough for paddy drying. A 2.27 m² parabolic trough stainless steel made with a single-axis solar tracking system produced hot water and delivered to the cross flow heat exchanger equipped with a solar tunnel dryer with the size of flat plate collector of 2.112 m2. The system received solar radiation and reflected sunlight to the receiver at the focal point of a parabolic trough. At this point, a copper heat pipe with the inside diameter of 25.4 mm for water heating is placed. A parabolic trough is covered with plastic sheets for protecting the wind in order to prevent the heat loss by convection. The produced hot water is used to warm the air and is sent to the heat exchanger and the blower passes hot air through the drying chamber of solar tunnel to dry paddy. The average drying temperature was 57.73 °C. The paddy moisture content was assessed in a reduction from 49.96 to 15.61 MC (% d.b.) in 6 hours. The heated air was around 245.87 W, with the incoming heat in the solar tunnel dryer of 1271.84 W. The thermal efficiency of a solar tunnel dryer, a parabolic trough, and the overall efficiency were on the average of 28.31%, 8.73%, and 3.80%, respectively.

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18

Lotake, Swapnil N., and M. M. Wagh. "Performance Evaluation of Multiple Helical Tubes as a Receiver for Solar Parabolic Trough Collector." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v6i2.272.

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Solar parabolic trough collector consists of a parabolic reflector with a central receiver at a focal point through which heat transfer fluid is passed. Parabolic trough collector is used mostly in solar thermal power plants for generating electricity. This paper describes the experimental results of two straight tubes wrapped over each other to form a helically shaped receiver. The receiver was tested with aluminium material with and without black paint over it. Also, the helical tube receiver was tested with a glass cover over it, at two different mass flow rates and, with and without manual tracking. The tested instantaneous thermal efficiency ranges from 31.26% to 45.28% and the overall thermal efficiency ranges from 14.9% to 31.41% during the experimental period. The instantaneous thermal efficiency increased by an average of 1.32 times for unpainted receiver and 1.36 times for black painted receiver with the increase in mass flow rate. By tracking the parabolic collector according to sun’s position, there is an average increase in instantaneous thermal efficiency by 1.1 times for unpainted receiver and 1.04 times for black painted receiver. The paper further reveals that the use of multiple helical tubes as a receiver for parabolic trough collector increases the overall efficiency of the collector in a substantial manner.

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19

Lotake, Swapnil N., and M. M. Wagh. "Performance Evaluation of Multiple Helical Tubes as a Receiver for Solar Parabolic Trough Collector." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 7, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v7i1.272.

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Solar parabolic trough collector consists of a parabolic reflector with a central receiver at a focal point through which heat transfer fluid is passed. Parabolic trough collector is used mostly in solar thermal power plants for generating electricity. This paper describes the experimental results of two straight tubes wrapped over each other to form a helically shaped receiver. The receiver was tested with aluminium material with and without black paint over it. Also, the helical tube receiver was tested with a glass cover over it, at two different mass flow rates and, with and without manual tracking. The tested instantaneous thermal efficiency ranges from 31.26% to 45.28% and the overall thermal efficiency ranges from 14.9% to 31.41% during the experimental period. The instantaneous thermal efficiency increased by an average of 1.32 times for unpainted receiver and 1.36 times for black painted receiver with the increase in mass flow rate. By tracking the parabolic collector according to sun’s position, there is an average increase in instantaneous thermal efficiency by 1.1 times for unpainted receiver and 1.04 times for black painted receiver. The paper further reveals that the use of multiple helical tubes as a receiver for parabolic trough collector increases the overall efficiency of the collector in a substantial manner.

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20

Kabakov, V. I., and V. M. Yeroshenko. "Methods for intensifying parabolic trough receivers operation." International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 12, no. 2/3 (2012): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtpm.2012.046930.

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21

Wu, Zhiyong, Dongqiang Lei, Guofeng Yuan, Jiajia Shao, Yunting Zhang, and Zhifeng Wang. "Structural reliability analysis of parabolic trough receivers." Applied Energy 123 (June 2014): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.068.

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22

Li, Jian, Zhifeng Wang, Dongqiang Lei, and Jianbin Li. "Hydrogen permeation model of parabolic trough receiver tube." Solar Energy 86, no. 5 (May 2012): 1187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.01.011.

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23

Padilla, Ricardo Vasquez, Gokmen Demirkaya, D. Yogi Goswami, Elias Stefanakos, and Muhammad M. Rahman. "Heat transfer analysis of parabolic trough solar receiver." Applied Energy 88, no. 12 (December 2011): 5097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.012.

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24

Yao, Fangyuan, Dongqiang Lei, Ke Yu, Yingying Han, Pan Yao, Zhifeng Wang, Quanxi Fang, and Qiao Hu. "Experimental Study on Vacuum Performance of Parabolic Trough Receivers based on a Novel Non-destructive Testing Method." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234531.

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The loss of vacuum in the parabolic trough receivers is one of the most common problems in the parabolic trough solar power plants. The vacuum level and gas species in the annulus of the receiver determine the heat loss and have an important influence on the thermal efficient of the solar system. If hydrogen is inside the annulus, it can cause heat losses to be almost four times that of a receiver with good vacuum. However, it is hard to non-destructively measure the gas species and partial pressure in the annulus of the receiver. In this paper, a novel non-destructive method was presented to evaluate the vacuum performance by using combined dielectric barrier discharge and the spectral analysis technology. The discharge characteristics and spectrometric properties of four kinds of gases, which are the most likely gases to be found in the receivers, were studied in the experiments. The test results of the non-destructive vacuum evaluation method agree well with the results of the residual gas analysis. The feasibility and accuracy of the non-destructive test method was verified. The relationship between the vacuum performance of receiver and the spectral characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge were obtained by a series of experiments.

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25

Yang, Honglun, Qiliang Wang, Jingyu Cao, Gang Pei, and Jing Li. "Potential of performance improvement of concentrated solar power plants by optimizing the parabolic trough receiver." Frontiers in Energy 14, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11708-020-0707-y.

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AbstractThis paper proposes a comprehensive thermodynamic and economic model to predict and compare the performance of concentrated solar power plants with traditional and novel receivers with different configurations involving operating temperatures and locations. The simulation results reveal that power plants with novel receivers exhibit a superior thermodynamic and economic performance compared with traditional receivers. The annual electricity productions of power plants with novel receivers in Phoenix, Sevilla, and Tuotuohe are 8.5%, 10.5%, and 14.4% higher than those with traditional receivers at the outlet temperature of 550°C. The levelized cost of electricity of power plants with double-selective-coated receivers can be decreased by 6.9%, 8.5%, and 11.6%. In Phoenix, the optimal operating temperature of the power plants is improved from 500°C to 560°C by employing a novel receiver. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the receiver heat loss, solar absorption, and freeze protection temperature is also conducted to analyze the general rule of influence of the receiver performance on power plants performance. Solar absorption has a positive contribution to annual electricity productions, whereas heat loss and freeze protection temperature have a negative effect on electricity outputs. The results indicate that the novel receiver coupled with low melting temperature molten salt is the best configuration for improving the overall performance of the power plants.

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26

Guo, Jiangfeng, and Xiulan Huai. "Multi-parameter optimization design of parabolic trough solar receiver." Applied Thermal Engineering 98 (April 2016): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.041.

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27

Patil, Ramchandra G., Sudhir V. Panse, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi, and Vishwanath H. Dalvi. "Alternative designs of evacuated receiver for parabolic trough collector." Energy 155 (July 2018): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.022.

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28

Xiong, Ya Xuan, Yu Ting Wu, Chong Fang Ma, Peng Xu, and De Ying Li. "Validation of a Novel Method for Thermal Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Receivers." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2075.

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Parabolic trough receivers are a kind of key components of a solar trough power plant, which absorb and transfer the high flux solar energy to the heat transfer fluid flowing in it. A Receiver Impedance Heating (RIH) method is put forward by analyzing the inadequacies of traditional methods. Voltage is imposed on both ends of the receiver and then the receiver is self-heated via a large electrical current flowing through it based on the Joule Effect. Once the receiver reaches a thermal equilibrium the product of voltage imposed on the receiver and electrical current flowing through the receiver is equal to the heat loss of the receiver to ambient environment at corresponding temperature difference of receiver temperature above ambient. The experiment system is simple, low-cost, and easy to operate. Experiment results show that curve of heat loss is smooth and measurement uncertainty is low, which means accuracy of the experiment results is high, while time period to reach a thermal equilibrium at every absorber temperature reduces to 2-3hours which is one fifth of that needed in traditional methods.

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29

Lu, Jian Feng, Jing Ding, Jian Ping Yang, and Kang Wang. "Heat Loss Measurement and Analyses of Solar Parabolic Trough Receiver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.127.

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The heat loss of vacuum receiver plays critical important role in solar parabolic trough system. In this paper, experimental measurements and calculation models were conducted to investigate the heat loss of solar parabolic trough receiver with receiver length of 10.2 m and diameter of 0.120 m. In general, the heat loss of receiver decreased with the receiver wall temperature, while it can approach minimum under special wind condition. The heat loss of receiver mainly included the heat loss of glass and boundary region, and the heat losses of receiver, glass region and boundary region with tube temperatures of 176.2oC were respectively 987.1 W, 762.2 W and 224.9 W. Outside the glass envelope, the convection and radiation both play an important role in the heat loss of receiver, while the heat transfer is mainly dependent upon the radiation inside the glass envelope. In addition, the heat losses of convection outside the glass and radiation inside the glass from calculation very well agreed with the experimental data.

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30

Kamnapure, Nikhilesh R., and K. Srinivas Reddy. "Optical Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector with Flat Concentrating Photovoltaic Receiver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2396.

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In this paper, an optical analysis of parabolic trough collector with flat concentrating photovoltaic receiver is carried out by utilizing non-uniform intensity distribution model of the solar disk. The optical system simulation tool ASAP is used to analyze the parabolic trough system with single axis tracking having a mirror aperture of 1m and length of 3m. The impact of random errors including slope error, apparent change in sun’s width, tracking errors on the optical performance of trough system is carried out. The errors are assumed to follow Gaussian (normal) distribution and analyzed statistically. It is found that intercept factor increases with rim angle for given total error of 5, 10 and 20 mrad. Geometrical concentration ratio is varied to see the effect on the intercept factor and compared for various error values. The numerical results show that for De-focused performance (L=0.1f) the local concentration ratio value is 23 for the 45° rim angle. Numerical results are compared with the analytical data available in the literature which show good agreement.

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31

Borysenko, A. H., and L. I. Knysh. "Mathematical model of heat mass exchange in a channel with a nanofluid un-der nonuniform heating by a concentrated heat flux." Technical mechanics 2022, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2022.03.099.

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This work is aimed at determining the expediency of using a nanofliud (a special suspension with nanoparticles) as a heat transfer agent for a parabolic trough solar plant. Adding nanoparticles to a base heat transfer agent intensifies convective heat exchange inside the channel, thus increasing the total heat efficiency of the receiver system. A refined nonlinear 3D mathematical model was developed to study heat-and-mass transfer in the receiver system of a parabolic trough solar plant that consist of a concentrator and a tube heat receiver with a nanofluid. In the mathematical model, the values of the nonuniform heat flux on the tube heat receiver surface are found by approximating numerical data obtained by the Monte Carlo method. This simplifies the classical coupled deterministic-statistical mathematical model and allows one to obtain a purely deterministic model solved by the finite volume method. The model also accounts for the thermal conductivity of the heat receiver wall, the actual ambient conditions, and the heat loss from the heat receiver surface. A numerical algorithm was developed to conduct numerical parametric studies on determining the temperature fields of Syltherm800/Al2O3 nanofluid heat transfer agent. This nanofluid is prepared from the traditional heat transfer agent of parabolic trough solar plants – Syltherm800 silicone oil – by adding aluminum oxide nanoparticles thereto. The numerical studies were conducted both for pure Syltherm800 oil and for Syltherm800/Al2O3 nanofluid with an Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration of 3, 5, and 8 per cent. This study is the first to find that the use of a nanofluid as a heat transfer agent for a parabolic trough solar plant produces a positive effect only in the case of the laminar flow of a nanofluid heat transfer agent with a high nanoparticle concentration. A verification of the obtained numerical data showed that they are in satisfactory agreement with experimental ones.

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32

Al-Farajat, Rabaa K., Mohamed R. Gomaa, and Mai Z. Alzghoul. "Comparison Between CSP Systems and Effect of Different Heat Transfer Fluids on the Performance." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 17 (December 31, 2022): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232012.2022.17.21.

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While fossil fuel sources have declined and energy demand has increased, in addition to the climate change crisis, the world turned to using renewable energies to get its energy. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is one of the main technologies used for this purpose. This study aims to compare the different concentrated solar power technologies in terms of their efficiency, cost, concentration ratio, and receiver temperature. Results showed that technologies were arranged according to temperatures from high to low as follows; the parabolic dish reflector, central receiver collector, linear Fresnel reflector, and parabolic trough collector. According to cost, the parabolic dish reflector has the highest price, while the linear Fresnel reflector has the lowest price. Also, the parabolic dish reflector has the highest efficiency among the others, followed by the central receiver collector, then the linear Fresnel reflector, and the parabolic trough collector respectively. Additionally; the study represented that point-focus devices have a high percentage of concentration ratio than line-focus devices. Finally, in order to exploit these sources throughout the day, it is recommended to use phase change materials to store the excess thermal energy as a positive and effective approach to solving the energy problems.

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33

Kumar, Arun, and Shailendra Shukla. "Thermal performance analysis of helical coil solar cavity receiver based parabolic trough concentrator." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part A (2019): 3539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170830104k.

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The present paper investigates the performance of helical coil solar cavity receiver based parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) for the conversion of energy received from the Sun into useful heat and finally electricity. The experimental set-up has been designed in such a way that it enhances heat transfer coefficient and reduces losses in the PTC. The PTC comprised of a blackened helical coil made up of two concentric borosilicate glass cylinder with vacuum in the annulus, which is kept at a focal line of PTC. The vacuum significantly reduces the losses which are evident from a relatively higher temperature of a 565 K obtained at the surface of the helical coil. Heat loss from helical coil solar cavity receiver has also been investigated and it was found that with the increase in vacuum pressure at annulus by 50%, the losses from the receiver has been increased by 26.67%. The heat loss from receiver has been observed to be proportional to the vacuum pressure within the annulus space.

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34

Sukanta, Anbu Manimaran, M. Niranjan Sakthivel, Gopalsamy Manoranjith, and Loganathan Naveen Kumar. "Performance Enhancement of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector Using Intensified Ray Convergence System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (July 2017): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.191.

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Solar Energy is one of the forms of Renewable Energy that is available abundantly. This work is executed on the enhancement of the performance of solar parabolic trough collector using Intensified Ray Convergence System (IRCS). This paper distinguishes between the performance of solar parabolic trough collector with continuous dual axis tracking and a fixed solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) facing south (single axis tracking). The simulation and performance of the solar radiations are visualized and analyzed using TRACEPRO 6.0.2 software. The improvement in absorption of solar flux was found to be enhanced by 39.06% in PTC using dual axis tracking, absorption of solar flux increases by 52% to 200% in PTC receiver using perfect mirror than PTC using black chrome coating.

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35

Guerraiche, D., K. Guerraiche, Z. Driss, A. Chibani, S. Merouani, and C. Bougriou. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Receiver Tube of Solar Collector Using Various Materials and Nanofluids." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 5 (October 2, 2022): 9282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5214.

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The solar flux distribution on the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) absorber tube is extremely non-uniform, which causes non-uniform temperature distribution outside the absorber tube. Therefore, it generates high thermal stress which causes creep and fatigue damage. This presents a challenge to the efficiency and reliability of parabolic trough receivers. To override this problem, we have to homogenize the heat flux distribution and enhance the heat transfer in the receiver’s absorber tube to improve the performance of the PTC. In this work, 3D thermal and thermal stress analyses of PTC receiver performance were investigated with a combination of Monte Carlo Ray-Trace (MCRT), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, and thermal stress analysis using the static structural module of ANSYS. At first, we studied the effect of the receiver tube material (aluminium, copper, and stainless steel) on heat transfer. The temperature gradients and the thermal stresses were compared. Second, we studied the effect of the addition of nanoparticles on the working Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF), employing an Al2O3-H2O based nanofluid at various volume concentrations. To improve the thermal performance of the PTC, a nanoparticle volume concentration ratio of 1%–6% is required. The results show that the temperature gradients and thermal stresses of stainless steel are significantly higher than those of aluminium and copper. From the standpoint of thermal stress, copper is recommended as the tube receiver material. Using Al2O3 in water as an HTF increases the average output temperature by 2%, 6%, and 10% under volume concentrations of 0%, 2%, and 6% respectively. The study concluded that the thermal efficiency increases from 3% to 14% for nanoparticle volume fractions ranging from 2% to 6%.

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36

Moafaq Kaseim Shiea, Al-Ghezi. "MODEL OF HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR RECEIVER." University News. North-Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences Series, no. 1 (March 2016): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0321-2653-2016-1-57-62.

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37

Liu, Jinmei, Dongqiang Lei, and Qiang Li. "Vacuum lifetime and residual gas analysis of parabolic trough receiver." Renewable Energy 86 (February 2016): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.065.

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38

Loni, Reyhaneh, B. Ghobadian, A. B. Kasaeian, M. M. Akhlaghi, Evangelos Bellos, and G. Najafi. "Sensitivity analysis of parabolic trough concentrator using rectangular cavity receiver." Applied Thermal Engineering 169 (March 2020): 114948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.114948.

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39

Kalogirou, Soteris A. "A detailed thermal model of a parabolic trough collector receiver." Energy 48, no. 1 (December 2012): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.023.

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40

Ravi Kumar, K., and K. S. Reddy. "Thermal analysis of solar parabolic trough with porous disc receiver." Applied Energy 86, no. 9 (September 2009): 1804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.11.007.

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41

Lei, Dongqiang, Xuqiang Fu, Yucong Ren, Fangyuan Yao, and Zhifeng Wang. "Temperature and thermal stress analysis of parabolic trough receivers." Renewable Energy 136 (June 2019): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.021.

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42

Allam, Mohamed, Mohamed Tawfik, Maher Bekheit, and Emad El-Negiry. "Experimental Investigation on Performance Enhancement of Parabolic Trough Concentrator with Helical Rotating Shaft Insert." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 14667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214667.

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The parabolic trough collector provides an extensive range of solar heating and electricity production applications in solar power plants. The receiver tube of the parabolic trough collector has a vital role in enhancing its performance by using different inserts inside it. In the present work, outdoor experimental tests were conducted to study the performance of a small-scale parabolic trough collector equipped with a centrally placed rotating helical shaft. Three cases were studied: a parabolic trough collector without helical shaft insert, a parabolic trough collector with stationary helical shaft insert, and a parabolic trough collector with a rotating helical shaft insert. The experiments are performed for different shaft rotational speeds (4, 11, and 21 RPM) and various flow rates (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 LPM) of water as a heat transfer fluid. The fluid flow and heat transfer parameters (friction factor, Reynolds number, Nusselt number, and thermal enhancement factor) and performance parameters (thermal, overall, and exergetic efficiencies) are studied. The results indicated that the helical shaft insert had increased the required pumping power for the same flow rate. However, the parabolic trough collector thermal performance has enhanced with the shaft rotational speed. For all cases, the parabolic trough collector efficiency increases with the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, but the percentage enhancement in efficiency decreases. Using a shaft rotational speed of 21 RPM and heat transfer fluid flow rates of 0.5 LPM leads to maximum thermal efficiency enhancement and a maximum friction factor ratio of 46.47% and 7.7 times, respectively, compared to plain tube. A comparison based on the same pumping power (thermal enhancement factor) shows that the maximum enhancement occurs at a flow rate of 1 LPM, and the efficiency enhancement is about 37% at a shaft rotational speed of 21 RPM. From an economic point of view, using a rotating helical shaft produces the lower annual cost of useful heat per kWh.

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43

Natraj, K. S. Reddy, and B. N. Rao. "Investigation of Variable Wind Loads and Shape Accuracy of Reflectors in Parabolic Trough Collector." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.681.

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Concentrated solar power is the technology involving reflectors which reflects the solar radiation and concentrates the radiations onto a receiver which absorbs the solar radiation and rises the temperature of the fluid flowing through it and the fluid is further used for process heating or power generation. Solar parabolic trough is the most established technology among the concentrated solar power technologies. For the optimization of the technology it is important to optimize the parabolic trough collectors from structural point of view as even gravity load is observed to cause a substantial effect on the shape of the reflector. Shape accuracy of the reflector is measured in terms of slope deviation. The slope deviation induced due to gravity and wind loads causes a change in optical and thermal efficiencies. The paper presents the study on pressure distribution at the surface of parabolic trough collector under different wind velocity, angle of attack of wind and orientation of the trough. Further, the pressure values over the trough surface are used to estimate the shape errors for the surface of the trough.

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44

Sanchez, Marcelino, Enric Mateu, David Perez, Pierre García, Francisco Villuendas, Carlos Heras, and Rafael Alonso. "Optical and Thermal Characterization of Solar Receivers for Parabolic Trough Collectors." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.313.

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Concentrating Solar Power Technology (CSP) is nowadays growing mainly due to the technical and economic success of the first projects and to the stable green pricing or support mechanisms that bridges the initial gap in electricity costs (i.e. feed-in tariffs). Future growth will depend on a successful cost reduction and on a strong effort in R&D to optimize the potential for technical improvement [1]. Testing of new materials, components and systems is still of key importance to drive research and innovation improvements to a commercial stage. Receiver manufacturers are investing in R&D in order to improve performances and reduce costs, while project developers are demanding standards to help them evaluate satisfactorily the risks and the benefits of introducing new developments in commercial power plants. The Solar Thermal Energy Department, of the National Renewable Energy Centre (CENER) and the Applied Optics Department of the Universidad de Zaragoza (UZ) have joined efforts to develop a characterization equipment able to measure as far as possible most of the receiver optical and thermal properties. In this paper the testing facility developed by CENER-UZ is described technically. The methodology for optical and thermal characterization of solar receivers for parabolic trough collectors is explained and the preliminary results are presented and discussed in detail.

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45

Siva Reddy, E., R. Meenakshi Reddy, and K. Krishna Reddy. "Experimental Study on Thermal Efficiency of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Using Al₂O₃/H₂O Nanofluid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.192.

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Dispersing small amounts of solid nano particles into base-fluid has a significant impact on the thermo-physical properties of the base-fluid. These properties are utilized for effective capture and transportation of solar energy. This paper attempts key idea for harvesting solar energy by using alumina nanofluid in concentrating parabolic trough collectors. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the performance of a parabolic trough collector using Al2O3-H2O based nanofluid. Results clearly indicate that at same ambient, inlet temperatures, flow rate, concentration ratio etc. hike in thermal efficiency is around 5-10 % compared to the conventional Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC). Further, the effect of various parameters such as concentration ratio, receiver length, fluid velocity, volume fraction of nano particles has been studied. The different flow rates employed in the experiment are 2 ml/s, 4 ml/s and 6 ml/s. Volumetric concentration of 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% has been studied in the experiment. Surfactants are not introduced to avoid bubble formation. Tracking mode of parabolic trough collector is manual. Results also reveal that Al2O3-H2O based nanofluid has higher efficiency at higher flow rates.

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46

Reddy, K. S., K. Ravi Kumar, and G. V. Satyanarayana. "Numerical Investigation of Energy-Efficient Receiver for Solar Parabolic Trough Concentrator." Heat Transfer Engineering 29, no. 11 (November 2008): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630802125757.

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47

Daniel, Premjit, Yashavant Joshi, and Abhik K. Das. "Numerical investigation of parabolic trough receiver performance with outer vacuum shell." Solar Energy 85, no. 9 (September 2011): 1910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.032.

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48

Wang, Yinfeng, Yuezhao Zhu, Haijun Chen, Li Yang, and Moucun Yang. "Thermal Performance of a Single-Pass All-Glass Parabolic Trough Receiver." Journal of Energy Engineering 143, no. 1 (February 2017): 04016029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000381.

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49

Jin, Hongguang, Jun Sui, Hui Hong, Zhifeng Wang, Danxing Zheng, and Zhi Hou. "Prototype of Middle-Temperature Solar Receiver/Reactor With Parabolic Trough Concentrator." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 4 (June 6, 2007): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2769698.

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This paper manufactured an original middle-temperature solar receiver/reactor prototype, positioned along the focal line of one-axis parabolic trough concentrator, representing the development of a new kind of solar thermochemical technology. A 5kW prototype solar reactor at around 200–300°C, which is combined with a linear receiver, was originally manufactured. A basic principle of the design of the middle-temperature solar reactor is identified and described. A representative experiment of solar-driven methanol decomposition was carried out. Experimental tests were conducted from 200°C to 300°C under mean solar flux of 300–800W∕m2 and at a given methanol feeding rate of 2.1L∕h. The conversion of methanol decomposition yielded up to 50–95%, and the efficiency of solar thermal energy conversion to chemical energy reached 30–60%. The experimental results obtained here prove that the novel solar receiver/reactor prototype introduced in this paper can provide a promising approach to effectively utilize middle-temperature solar thermal energy by means of solar thermochemical processes.

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Yang, Honglun, Qiliang Wang, Yihang Huang, Junsheng Feng, Xianze Ao, Maobin Hu, and Gang Pei. "Spectral optimization of solar selective absorbing coating for parabolic trough receiver." Energy 183 (September 2019): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.090.

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