Статті в журналах: "Papillomavirus humain (HPV)"

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Ouedraogo, Rogomenoma Alice, Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon, Abdoul Karim Ouattara, and Jacques Simpore. "Prédominance du papillomavirus humain 56 dans une sous-population de femmes sexuellement actives à Garango, Centre-Est, Burkina Faso." Journal of Applied Biosciences 150 (June 30, 2020): 15499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.150.10.

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Objectif : cette étude a été conduite dans le but d'identifier les génotypes de Papillomavirus Humains à haut risque oncogène (HPV-HR) circulant chez les femmes sexuellement actives à Garango, au Burkina Faso. Méthodologie et résultats : avant le dépistage des lésions précancéreuses, des échantillons endocervicaux ont été prélevés chez 135 femmes sexuellement actives à Garango. L'ADN extrait a permis de caractériser 14 génotypes de HPV-HR à travers une PCR multiplexe en temps réel. Quarante-trois pourcent (43%) des femmes portaient une infection à HPV à haut risque oncogène soit 58/135. Sur les quatorze génotypes testés, treize ont été identifiés et le génotype le plus fréquent était le HPV 56 (62,5 %) suivi des HPV 18 (5,5 %), HPV 68 (4,2 %), HPV 66 (4,2 %), HPV 59 (4,2 %), HPV 58 (4,2 %), HPV 35 (4,2 %). Le HPV 33 inclus dans le vaccin anti-HPV n’a pas été identifié chez les femmes de notre étude. Conclusion et application des résultats : Ce type d'étude qui est la première à Garango a montré une forte prévalence du génotype HPV 56 qui n'est pas encore couvert par un vaccin. Ces résultats constituent une contribution scientifique sur l'épidémiologie et la distribution des génotypes HPV-HR et permettront de guider nos politiques de santé vers une meilleure prévention du cancer du col de l'utérus. Mots-clés : Papillomavirus humain à haut risque, PCR en temps réel, génotypes, femmes, Garango. Predominance of Human Papillomavirus 56 in a subpopulation of sexually active women in Garango, Central-East, Burkina Faso ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to identify circulating strains of HR-HPV among sexually active women in Garango, Burkina Faso. Methodology and results: Before screening for precancerous lesions, endocervical samples were taken from 135 sexually active women in Garango. The extracted DNA made it possible to characterize 14 HR- HPV genotypes through a real-time multiplex PCR. Forty three percent (58/135) of women had a high-risk oncogenic HPV infection. Of the fourteen genotypes tested, thirteen were identified and the most frequent genotype was HPV 56 (62.5 %) followed by HPV 18 (5.5 %), HPV 68 (4.2 %), HPV 66 (4.2 %), HPV 59 (4.2 %), HPV 58 (4.2 %), HPV35 (4.2 %). The genotype HPV 33 included in the HPV vaccine was not identified in the women in our study. Conclusion and application of finding: this type of study, which is the first one in Garango, has showed a high prevalence of genotype HPV 56 which is not yet covered by a vaccine. These results constitute a scientific contribution to the epidemiology and distribution of the HR-HPV genotypes and will help guide our health policies towards better prevention of cervical cancer. Keywords: High-Risk Human Papillomavirus, real time PCR, genotypes, women, Garango

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Gavillon, N., H. Vervaet, E. Derniaux, P. Terrosi, O. Graesslin, and C. Quereux. "Papillomavirus humain (HPV) : comment ai-je attrapé ça ?" Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 38, no. 3 (March 2010): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.01.003.

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Ezebialu, C. U., I. U. Ezebialu, and C. C. Ezenyeaku. "Persistence of cervical human papillomavirus infection among cohort of women in Awka, Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i3.5.

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Background: Many women are known to contract human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in their lifetime but only a few develop cervical cancer. One of the major factors that contribute to development of cervical cancer is HPV persistence. Several other factors including viral load have been implicated in cervical cancer development. This work therefore intends to investigate the persistence of cervical HPV infection among cohort of women in Awka, Nigeria.Methodology: A cohort of 58 women with normal Papanicolaou (Pap) test but positive HPV DNA selected from a population of 410 women at baseline were followed up over a period of 6 months from April to October 2015. Cervical specimens collected were subjected to HPV DNA test and viral quantification using TaqMan Real Time PCR and cervical cytology. Risk factors were obtained using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Variables were analysed using descriptive statistics and T-test on IBM SPSS statistics version 21.0 and EPI INFOTM 7.0Results: At the 6-month follow up, cervical HPV infection persisted in 29 women, representing 50% of the women followed up. Among the 29 women, 7 (24.1%) developed abnormal Pap smear (Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion). Factors significantly associated with persistence at bivariate analysis of HPV include previous sexually transmitted infection (STI) (p=0.005), HIV positivity (p=0.04), HIV positivity but no anti-retroviral drugs (p=0.014), HPV 16 infection (p<0.0001) and age less than 40 years (p<0.0001). At multinomial logistic regression, only age above 17 years at first sexual intercourse (p=0.003, CI=0.012-0.392) and multiple lifetime sexual partners (p=0.021, CI=0.20-0.726) were statistically significant.Conclusion: High risk HPV infection, in addition to other factors peculiar to an individual may influence HPV persistenceKey words: cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, persistence, cytology, risk factors, infection French Title: Persistance de l'infection cervicale par le papillomavirus humain parmi une cohorte de femmes à Awka, Nigéria Contexte: De nombreuses femmes sont connues pour contracter une infection au virus du papillome humain (VPH) au cours de leur vie, mais seules quelques-unes développent un cancer du col de l'utérus. L'un des principaux facteurs qui contribuent au développement du cancer du col de l'utérus est la persistance du VPH. Plusieurs autres facteurs, y compris la charge virale, ont été impliqués dans le développement du cancer du col de l'utérus. Ce travail vise donc à étudier la persistance de l'infection cervicale au VPH parmi la cohorte de femmes à Awka, au Nigeria. Méthodologie: Une cohorte de 58 femmes avec un test de Papanicolaou (Pap) normal mais un ADN HPV positif sélectionné parmi une population de 410 femmes au départ ont été suivis sur une période de 6 mois d'avril à octobre 2015. Les échantillons cervicaux collectés ont été soumis à l'ADN HPV. test et quantification virale à l'aide de la PCR en temps réel TaqMan et de la cytologie cervicale. Les facteurs de risque ont été obtenus à l'aide de questionnaires semi-structurés administrés par les intervieweurs. Les variables ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et d'un test T sur IBM SPSS statistics version 21.0 et EPI INFOTM 7.0 Résultats: Au suivi de 6 mois, l'infection cervicale au VPH persistait chez 29 femmes, soit 50% des femmes suivies. Parmi les 29 femmes, 7 (24,1%) ont développé un test Pap anormal (lésion squameuse intraépithéliale de bas grade). Les facteurs significativement associés à la persistance lors de l'analyse bivariée du VPH comprennent les antécédents d'infection sexuellement transmissible (IST) (p=0,005), la positivité au VIH (p=0,04), la positivité au VIH mais pas d'antirétroviraux (p=0,014), l'infection au VPH 16 (p<0,0001) et moins de 40 ans (p<0,0001). Lors de la régression logistique multinomiale, seuls les âges supérieurs à 17 ans lors du premier rapport sexuel (p=0,003, IC=0,012-0,392) et les multiples partenaires sexuels à vie (p=0,021, IC=0,20-0,726) étaient statistiquement significatifs. Conclusion: Une infection au VPH à haut risque, en plus d'autres facteurs propres à un individu, peut influencer la persistance du VPH Mots clés: cancer du col de l'utérus, papillomavirus humain, persistance, cytologie, facteurs de risque, infection

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Manus, Jean-Marie. "Brève : Vaccin à papillomavirus humain (HPV) pour filles et garçons." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2021, no. 529 (February 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(21)00026-5.

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Macdonald, Liane, Shelley Deeks, and Carolyn Doyle. "A Public Health Perspective on HPV Vaccination: Response to The HPV Vaccination Campaign: A Project of Moral Regulation in an Era of Biopolitics." Canadian Journal of Sociology 35, no. 4 (September 28, 2010): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs8977.

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Abstract Connell and Hunt’s critique (2010) raises important questions and concerns about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Canada. We offer a public health perspective on several key issues, including the merits of implementing population-based HPV vaccination programs in Canada; the time-sensitivity of HPV vaccination; and, the non-judgmental approach to sexual health promotion for youth championed by Canadian public health organizations. Résumé La critique de Connell et Hunt (2010) soulève d'importantes questions et préoccupations concernant la vaccination contre le virus du papillome humain (VPH) au Canada. Nous offrons une perspective de santé publique sur quelques questions clés, y compris la raisonnement pour des programmes systématiques de vaccination contre le VPH au Canada, la sensibilité au temps de la vaccination HPV, et l'approche non moralisateur àla promotion de la santé sexuelle pour les jeunes adoptés par les agences de santé publique canadiennes.

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Oumara, M., S. Guede, Abdou A. Issa, Garba S. Oumarou, Diaouga H. Soumana, Lankoande Z. Salifou, Yacouba M. Chaibou, R. M. Garba, and M. Nayama. "Epidémiologie et génotypage du papillomavirus humain au Niger : A propos de 30 cas au Centre National Santé de la Reproduction de Niamey." Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Université de Lomé 26, no. 1 (April 18, 2024): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrsul.v26i1.24.

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L’infection à HPV est un problème mondial de santé publique et surtout dans les pays en développement, à cause de l’insuffisance de couverture vaccinale et de dépistage. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la fréquence du portage des différents génotypes de HPV dans une population des femmes au NIGER. Patientes et méthode : Sur la période du 02 au 17 janvier 2019, 385 femmes avaient été enregistrées pour un dépistage volontaire des lésions précancéreuses du col utérin au CNSR de Niamey. Parmi elles, 250 ont accepté de participer à l’étude et avaient donc été prélevées pour le test à l’HPV. L'identification du génotype du HPV a été faite par PCR au Laboratoire CERBA de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso. Résultats : Sur 250 femmes prélevées pour le test HPV ; 12% étaient positives à l’HPV. L’âge moyen des femmes était de 34,5 ans avec des extrêmes de 17 ans à 48 ans. 14 types de HPV, tous à haut risque ont été retrouvés parmi lesquels HPV 52 (23,33%), HPV 66 (16,66%), HPV 68 (10%), HPV 31,35, 39, 59 (6,66%), HPV 18, 45, 51, 56, 58,16 et 33 (3,33%). Conclusion : La prévalence des HPV dans cette étude est comparable à celle que l'on trouve dans le reste du monde, mais la prédominance des types de HPV-HR ne l’est pas. Il est tout de même nécessaire de compléter cette étude par la prévalence des HPV dans les autres régions pays. Human Papilloma Virus infection is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries, due to insufficient vaccination coverage and screening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of carriage of different genotypes of human papillomavirus in a population of women in NIGER. Patients and method: Over the period from January 2 to 17, 2019, cervical samples were taken from 250 women aged 17 to 48 years, who came for cervix precancerous lesions screening at the National Center for Reproductive Health in Niamey. The identification of the HPV genotype was made by PCR at the CERBA Laboratory in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Results: From 250 women included for the HPV test; 12% were positive to HPV Test. The average age of the women was 34.5 years, with extremes of 17 years to 48 years. 14 types of HPV were discovered, all at high risk were found: HPV 52 (23.33%), HPV 66 (16.66%), HPV 68 (10%), HPV 31.35, 39, 59 (6, 66%), HPV 18, 45, 51, 56, 58.16 and 33 (each for 3.33%). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV in this study was comparable to the level found in the rest of the world, but the predominance of HR-HPV types is not. To complete this study, it would be necessary to research the prevalence of HPV found in other country regions.

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Perrin, Andry. "Vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) chez le sujet masculin : évidence et pratique." Revue Médicale Suisse 15, no. 673 (2019): 2202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2019.15.673.2202.

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Farge, G., E. Guyot, M. Belhassen, M. Bérard, F. Jacoud, L. Bensimon, G. De pouvourville, and J. Baldauf. "Couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) chez les adolescents français: étude PAPILLON." Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie 52, no. 5 (May 2024): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gofs.2024.03.016.

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Guyot, E., G. Farge, M. Belhassen, M. Berard, F. Jacoud, L. Bensimon, G. de Pouvourville, and J.-J. Baldauf. "Couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) chez les adolescents français - Étude PAPILLON." Journal of Epidemiology and Population Health 72 (March 2024): 202216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202216.

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Dib, Fadia, Gwenn Menvielle, and Pierre Chauvin. "Tous égaux face aux papillomavirus ? L’infection et la vaccination HPV au prisme des inégalités sociales de santé." Questions de santé publique, no. 38 (November 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/qsp/2019038.

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En France, chez les femmes, les inégalités sociales sont particulièrement marquées pour le cancer du col de l’utérus. La vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) est un moyen de prévention efficace, toutefois les taux de couverture demeurent très faibles (autour de 30 %). Ce faible taux est probablement en partie causé par le phénomène d’«hésitation vaccinale» dont les déterminants en France restent mal connus. Les interventions pour lutter contre l’hésitation vaccinale en matière de vaccination HPV et améliorer la couverture vaccinale en France sont nécessairement des interventions complexes. S’il s’agit de réduire les inégalités sociales en matière de vaccination HPV, ces interventions nécessitent de mieux connaître les différents déterminants de cette hésitation vaccinale dans les différents groupes sociaux si on fait l’hypothèse (en l’absence de données empiriques en France), qu’ils sont différents: résistance croissante à la vaccination dans les catégories supérieures, moindre proposition des professionnels dans les catégories défavorisées, difficulté à parler de santé sexuelle dans certaines familles, par exemple. Ces interventions complexes doivent être imaginées en co-construction avec les bénéficiaires (jeunes filles, parents et professionnels de santé). Leur évaluation doit être envisagée dès leur mise en œuvre, être perçue par les acteurs comme un mode d’apprentissage et faire appel à des méthodes mixtes.

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Adejo, D. S., M. Aminu, E. E. Ella, O. A. Oguntayo, and O. F. Obishakin. "Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among apparently healthy women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Kaduna State, Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 25, no. 1 (January 16, 2024): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v25i1.3.

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Background: About 99.7% of cervical dysplasia and cancer cases are caused by persistent genital high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Most HPV infections are subclinical and self-limiting but may persists in about 5 to 10% of infected women, resulting in pre-cancerous lesions that can progress to invasive cancer years later. This study is aimed at detecting hrHPV among apparently healthy women of reproductive age in Kaduna State, thus providing more information for effective control of HPV and cervical cancer in Nigeria. Methodology: Cervical smears were taken from 515 randomly selected apparently healthy women across selected secondary and tertiary facilities from 3 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in each Senatorial Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique was used to collect cervical smears and prepare smears for cytology study, while the remaining samples were stored at -80oC for molecular studies. HPV DNA were extracted from the samples and amplified by convectional PCR using specific hrHPV (HPV 16,18,31 and 45) primer sets and a broad spectrum MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers for a wider range of HPV genotypes. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and relationship between prevalence of hrHPV and socio-demographic factors such as age and marital status were determined using Chisquare or Fisher Exact test with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of total HPV and hrHPV infections in the study population was 11.8% (61/515) and 9.3% (48/515) respectively. A total of 100 HPV genotypes were detected by PCR in the 61 positive smears, with 66 hrHPV types from 48 women, and 34 other HPV types from 13 women. The frequency of hrHPV genotypes detected was HPV 31 (5.8%, n=30), HPV 45 (4.1%, n=21), HPV 16 (1.7%, n=9), and HPV 18 (1.2%, n=6), with other HPV genotypes (6.6%, n=34). The frequency of cervical dysplasia was 6.4% (33/515), which was significantly associated with all HPV genotypes except HPV 16. Single HPV infection was seen in 31 (51.8%) women while multiple infections were seen in 30 (49.2%), with double infection in 21 (34.4%) and triple infections in 9 (14.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hrHPV infection was high among women in Kaduna State, Nigeria. DNA-based screening for hrHPV genotypes and production of new vaccine that will protect against the predominant hrHPV genotypes are thus recommended for the prevention of cervical cancer in Nigeria, Africa and beyond. French title: Prévalence des génotypes du virus du papillome humain à haut risque chez les femmes apparemment en bonne santé présentant une cytologie cervicale normale et anormale dans l'État de Kaduna, au Nigeria Contexte: Environ 99,7% des cas de dysplasie cervicale et de cancer sont causés par une infection génitale persistante au papillomavirus humain à haut risque (hrHPV). La plupart des infections au VPH sont subcliniques et spontanément résolutives, mais peuvent persister chez environ 5 à 10% des femmes infectées, entraînant des lésions précancéreuses pouvant évoluer vers un cancer invasif des années plus tard. L'étude vise à détecter le hrHPV chez les femmes apparemment en bonne santé et en âge de procréer dans l'État de Kaduna, fournissant ainsi plus d'informations pour un contrôle efficace du VPH et du cancer du col de l'utérus au Nigeria. Méthodologie: Des frottis cervicaux ont été effectués sur 515 femmes apparemment en bonne santé sélectionnées au hasard dans des établissements secondaires et tertiaires sélectionnés de 3 zones de gouvernement local (LGA) dans chaque zone sénatoriale de l'État de Kaduna, au Nigeria. La technique de cytologie en milieu liquide (LBC) a été utilisée pour collecter des frottis cervicaux et préparer des frottis pour une étude cytologique, tandis que les échantillons restants ont été conservés à -80°C pour des études moléculaires. L'ADN du VPH a été extrait des échantillons et amplifié par PCR convectionnelle en utilisant des ensembles d'amorces spécifiques du hrHPV (HPV 16, 18, 31 et 45) et des amorces MY09/11 et GP5+/6+ à large spectre pour une gamme plus large de génotypes du VPH. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du progiciel statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS) version 23.0 et la relation entre la prévalence du hrHPV et les facteurs sociodémographiques tels que l'âge et l'état civil ont été déterminées à l'aide du test du chi carré ou de Fisher Exact avec p<0,05 considéré comme statistiquement significatif. Résultats: La prévalence des infections totales par le VPH et le hrHPV dans la population étudiée était respectivement de 11,8% (61/515) et 9,3% (48/515). Au total, 100 génotypes HPV ont été détectés par PCR dans les 61 frottis positifs, avec 66 types hrHPV provenant de 48 femmes et 34 autres types HPV provenant de 13 femmes. La fréquence des génotypes hrHPV détectés était HPV 31 (5,8%, n=30), HPV 45 (4,1%, n=21), HPV 16 (1,7%, n=9) et HPV 18 (1,2%, n=6), avec d'autres génotypes de VPH (6,6%, n=34). La fréquence de la dysplasie cervicale était de 6,4% (33/515), ce qui était significativement associé à tous les génotypes de VPH, à l'exception du VPH 16. Une infection unique au VPH a été observée chez 31 (51,8%) femmes, tandis que des infections multiples ont été observées 30 (49,2%), avec double infection chez 21 (34,4%) et triple infection chez 9 (14,7%). Conclusion: La prévalence de l'infection par le hrHPV était élevée chez les femmes de l'État de Kaduna, au Nigeria. Le dépistage basé sur l'ADN des génotypes hrHPV et la production d'un nouveau vaccin qui protégera contre les génotypes hrHPV prédominants sont donc recommandés pour la prévention du cancer du col de l'utérus au Nigeria, en Afrique et au-delà.

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Pépin, Dominique, Johanne Le Bihan-Le Beyec, Danièle Hugol, Jacques Diebold, Anne Gompel, Jean Chambaz, and Jean-Marc Lacorte. "Stratégie de dépistage par PCR des infections a papillomavirus humain (HPV) sur les prélèvements cervico-vaginaux." Revue Française des Laboratoires 1999, no. 318 (December 1999): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0338-9898(99)80419-3.

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Riethmuller, D., C. Gabelle, R. Ramanah, J. L. Sautière, J. L. Prétet, J. P. Schaal, B. Kantelip, C. Mougin, and R. Maillet. "Intérêt de la recherche du papillomavirus humain (HPV) dans le suivi post-conisation des CIN2–3." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 37, no. 4 (June 2008): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.12.012.

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Wafo, E., D. Ivorra-Deleuze, C. Thuillier, and R. Rouzier. "Estimation de l’évolution des connaissances sur les infections à Papillomavirus humain (HPV) : résultats d’une enquête téléphonique." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 39, no. 4 (June 2010): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.03.007.

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Baldauf, J., G. Farge, E. Guyot, M. Belhassen, M. Bérard, F. Jacoud, L. Bensimon, and G. De Pouvourville. "Couverture vaccinale contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) chez les adolescents français et inégalités sociales : Étude PAPILLON." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses Formation 3, no. 2 (June 2024): S130—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mmifmc.2024.04.365.

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Mezin, Laetitia, Anne Rousseau, Yann Sellier, Luis Teixeira, Clémence Schantz, and Vaxi-Pap. "« Un vaccin qui reste quand même à part » : Papillomavirus et vaccination en France." Santé Publique Vol. 35, no. 2 (August 2, 2023): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spub.232.0127.

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Introduction : La vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV) est aujourd’hui peu répandue en France où le taux vaccinal est l’un des plus faibles d’Europe. Pourtant, ce virus est rencontré par 80 % de la population et entraine 3 000 nouveaux cas de cancers du col de l’utérus par an. Cette vaccination constitue un réel levier d’action, notamment par le biais des médecins généralistes. But de l’étude : L’objectif était de comprendre le faible taux vaccinal en France et de proposer des solutions durables pour augmenter l’adhésion à ce vaccin. Avec une approche qualitative, nous avons documenté les perceptions, réticences et obstacles de seize médecins généralistes en Île de France. Résultats : Le vaccin anti-HPV présente des particularités qui rendent son abord plus délicat auprès de la population. D’abord, parce qu’il touche à l’intimité des patients et ce, dès un très jeune âge. Ensuite, parce qu’il a longtemps été dédié à un public féminin ; l’ouverture de la vaccination aux garçons du même âge entraine donc une modification des discours et une rupture avec son image genrée. Enfin, cette vaccination s’inscrit dans un contexte où l’hésitation vaccinale est marquée en France, avec une circulation rapide d’informations plus ou moins fiables venant souvent mettre en difficulté le corps médical. Conclusions : Les professionnels de santé détiennent un rôle clé pour convaincre et entrainer l’adhésion des patients, et une majorité des médecins reste favorable à cette vaccination. S’appuyer sur un ensemble de professionnels de santé plus large pourrait permettre d’augmenter l’adhésion vaccinale en France.

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BOUSSAGEON, R., E. FERRAT, M. FLORI, S. ERPELDINGER, C. MAYNIE-FRANCOIS, I. SUPPER, and D. POUCHAIN. "Vaccin HPV et prévention du cancer du col de l’utérus." EXERCER 31, no. 165 (September 1, 2020): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2020.165.310.

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Introduction. En 2018 en France, l’incidence annuelle du cancer du col de l’utérus (CCU) était d’environ de 6,1/100 000, ce qui en fait aujourd’hui un cancer « rare ». L’article d’Ecollan et al., publié dans exercer en 2018 sur la vaccination contre le papillomavirus humain (HPV), suggérait que le rapport bénéfice/risque de la vaccination anti-HPV dans la prévention du CCU était favorable. Mé thodes. Analyse complémentaire de la méta-analyse Cochrane de Arbyn et al., avec inclusion de l’essai clinique randomisé VIVIANE sur les critères CIN3+ et AIS. Résultats. L’inclusion de l’ECR VIVIANE modifiait les résultats de la méta-analyse Cochrane sur les critères CIN3+ et AIS. À ce jour, il n’est pas démontré que le vaccin anti-HPV diminue l’ensemble des lésions cervicales précancéreuses de haut grade (CIN3+ et AIS), quel que soit le type de HPV. Discussion. La méta-analyse Cochrane de Arbyn et al. n’était pas fiable concernant les CIN3+ et AIS. Il est nécessaire de faire l’analyse complète de tous les essais cliniques randomisés ayant évalué l’efficacité et la tolérance du vaccin HPV avant de promouvoir une généralisation de la vaccination anti-HPV. Ce d’autant plus que les données en vie réelle dans les pays à forte couverture vaccinale ne montrent pas encore de réduction de l’incidence du CCU. Conclusion. En l’absence d’urgence sanitaire, il convient de prendre le temps d’une analyse indépendante, exhaustive, et transparente des données. Étant donné le bénéfice individuel incertain, la décision médicale partagée avec les patientes doit être plus que jamais promue dans cette situation de prévention primaire, d’autant plus que le programme de dépistage organisé du cancer cervical débute.

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Ismail, S., and S. Deeks. "Résumé de la mise à jour du Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation visant le calendrier d’immunisation recommandé pour le vaccin contre le virus du papillome humain." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 41, S3 (April 20, 2015): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v41is3a03f.

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Totten, S., A. Severini, GC Jayaraman, ST Faybush, G. Johnson, AA Demers, I. Sobol, Y. Mao, and Wong Wong. "Résultats des infections au virus du papillome humain (VPH) spécifiques au type et des tests Pap chez les femmes inuites et non inuites au Nunavut, Canada." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 41, no. 3 (March 5, 2015): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v41i03a01f.

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Tunis, MC, and SL Deeks. "Résumé des recommandations mises à jour du Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation sur les vaccins contre le virus du papillome humain (VPH) : Intervalles minimaux entre les doses du vaccin nonavalent contre le VPH dans le calendrier d’immunisation contre le VPH." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 42, no. 7 (July 7, 2016): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v42i07a03f.

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Deeks, SL, MC Tunis, and S. Ismail. "Résumé de la mise à jour du CCNI sur l'utilisation recommandée du vaccin contre le virus du papillome humain (VPH) : Calendrier de vaccination du vaccin nonavalent contre le VPH à deux doses et utilisation des vaccins anti-VPH chez les populations." Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 43, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v43i06a04f.

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Qədir qızı Əbilova, Rübayə, Gülnarə Alışa qızı Cəfərova, and Hafiz Maarif oğlu Osmanov. "The role of viruses and bacteria in the development of cancer." NATURE AND SCIENCE 11, no. 06 (August 23, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/11/5-10.

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Recently, there have been some scientific studies proving the role of viruses and bacteria in the development of cancer. Among them are eighteen types of pathogens (Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma haematobium, human papillomavirus (HPV), Barr (EBV) virus, Ephthia virus-human cell 1 (HTLV-1), human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), belong to group 1 carcinogens. Further study of the role of viruses and bacteria in the development of cancer is of great importance for the early prevention of cancer. Key words: cancer, viruses, bacteria

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Wanja Karani, Lucy, Stanslaus Musyoki, Robert Orina, Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa, and Benuel Nyagaka. "Cytological physiognomies and genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses among HPV/HIV co-infected and HPV mono-infected women." African Health Sciences 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.33.

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Background: Co-infection of High Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and HIV is thought to favour initiation of intraepithelial squamous cell lesion and subsequent progression to cervical carcinoma. Objectives: Evaluation of cytological physiognomies in relation to possible age influence and the genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses among HPV/HIV co-infected and HPV monoinfected women in Kisii, Kenya. Methods: The case-control study enrolled 42 HPV/HIV co-infected and 42 HPV monoinfected women. Cervical swabs were collected in ThinPrep vials for HPV tying and cytological analysis. HPV subtypes were assayed by Xpert® HPV system (GXHPV-CE-10). Results: Mono-infected women aged 30-39 years had the highest proportion of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) at 14 (16.67%) while the co-infected aged 50-59 years had the highest proportion of high grade squamous intraepi- thelial lesion (HSIL) at 9 (10.71%). HPV-16 genotype was the most predominant and it increased with age rise. Older coin- fected and mono-infected women (>40 years) had HSIL and LSIL as the most predominant cytological grade respectively. Conclusion: The predominance of HPV-16 and HPV-18/45 genotypes in the study setting is a consideration that would benefit targeted prophylactic vaccination programs. HPV testing and cervical cancer screening for young and older women on a regular basis ought to be reinforced. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Human Papillomavirus (HPV); co-infection; genotype; cytology.

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Francies, Flavia Zita, and Zodwa Dlamini. "Aberrant Splicing Events and Epigenetics in Viral Oncogenomics: Current Therapeutic Strategies." Cells 10, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020239.

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Global cancer incidence and mortality are on the rise. Although cancer is fundamentally a non-communicable disease, a large number of cancers are known to have a viral aetiology. A high burden of infectious agents (Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)) in certain Sub-Saharan African countries drives the rates of certain cancers. About one-third of all cancers in Africa are attributed to infection. Seven viruses have been identified with carcinogenic characteristics, namely the HPV, HBV, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Human T cell leukaemia virus 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), and HIV-1. The cellular splicing machinery is compromised upon infection, and the virus generates splicing variants that promote cell proliferation, suppress signalling pathways, inhibition of tumour suppressors, alter gene expression through epigenetic modification, and mechanisms to evade an immune response, promoting carcinogenesis. A number of these splice variants are specific to virally-induced cancers. Elucidating mechanisms underlying how the virus utilises these splice variants to maintain its latent and lytic phase will provide insights into novel targets for drug discovery. This review will focus on the splicing genomics, epigenetic modifications induced by and current therapeutic strategies against HPV, HBV, HCV, EBV, HTLV-1, KSHV and HIV-1.

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Bigoni, Jérôme, Rosa Catarino, Caroline Benski, Manuela Viviano, Maria Munoz, Honoré Tilahizandry, Patrick Petignat, and Pierre Vassilakos. "High Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Madagascar: Comparison With Other Sexually Transmitted Infections." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 11 (January 1, 2018): 117863371775268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633717752686.

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Background: In Madagascar, human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as syphilis share common risk factors but seem to differ in their prevalence. We measured and compared their prevalence in the country. Methods: The data used in this study came from the Saint Damien Health Centre in Ambanja, Madagascar. The tests used for disease detection were the Alere Determine, Virucheck, rapid plasma reagin, and S-DRY self-HPV samples for HIV infection, HBV infection, syphilis, and HPV infection, respectively. Results: In men and women, respectively, the prevalence was 0.6% and 0.4% for HIV infection, 2.2% and 2.0% for HBV infection, and 0.6% and 0.3% for syphilis. The HPV infection prevalence was 39.3%. Conclusions: Despite common risk factors, the prevalence of HPV infection was high, in contrast to a much lower prevalence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the same geographical area. Further investigations are required to clarify the status of STIs in the Malagasy population.

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Conway, M. J., and C. Meyers. "Replication and Assembly of Human Papillomaviruses." Journal of Dental Research 88, no. 4 (April 2009): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509333446.

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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small dsDNA tumor viruses, which are the etiologic agents of most cervical cancers and are associated with a growing percentage of oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV capsid is non-enveloped, having a T=7 icosahedral symmetry formed via the interaction among 72 pentamers of the major capsid protein, L1. The minor capsid protein L2 associates with L1 pentamers, although it is not known if each L1 pentamer contains a single L2 protein. The HPV life cycle strictly adheres to the host cell differentiation program, and as such, native HPV virions are only produced in vivo or in organotypic “raft” culture. Research producing synthetic papillomavirus particles—such as virus-like particles (VLPs), papillomavirus-based gene transfer vectors, known as pseudovirions (PsV), and papillomavirus genome-containing quasivirions (QV)—has bypassed the need for stratifying and differentiating host tissue in viral assembly and has allowed for the rapid analysis of HPV infectivity pathways, transmission, immunogenicity, and viral structure.

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Varsani, Arvind, Eric van der Walt, Livio Heath, Edward P. Rybicki, Anna Lise Williamson, and Darren P. Martin. "Evidence of ancient papillomavirus recombination." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81917-0.

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An open question amongst papillomavirus taxonomists is whether recombination has featured in the evolutionary history of these viruses. Since the onset of the global AIDS epidemic, the question is somewhat less academic, because immune-compromised human immunodeficiency virus patients are often co-infected with extraordinarily diverse mixtures of human papillomavirus (HPV) types. It is expected that these conditions may facilitate the emergence of HPV recombinants, some of which might have novel pathogenic properties. Here, a range of rigorous analyses is applied to full-genome sequences of papillomaviruses to provide convincing statistical and phylogenetic evidence that evolutionarily relevant papillomavirus recombination can occur.

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Gudenkauf, Franciska J., and Aaron P. Thrift. "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cancers Attributable to Preventable Infectious Agents in Texas, 2015." Public Health Reports 135, no. 6 (October 20, 2020): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920954497.

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Objective The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 13 infectious agents as carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic to humans. We aimed to estimate the percentage (ie, population-attributable fraction) and number of incident cancer cases in Texas in 2015 that were attributable to oncogenic infections, overall and by race/ethnicity. Methods We calculated population-attributable fractions for cancers attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infections using prevalence estimates from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey laboratory data and relative risks associated with infection from previous epidemiological studies. The Texas Cancer Registry provided cancer incidence data. Results We estimated that 3603 excess cancer cases, or 3.5% of all cancers diagnosed in 2015, among adults aged ≥25 in Texas were attributable to oncogenic infections. Hispanic adults had the highest proportion of cancer cases attributable to infections (5.6%), followed by non-Hispanic Black (5.4%) and non-Hispanic White (2.3%) adults. HPV infection caused the highest proportion of all cancer cases (1.8%) compared with other oncogenic infections (HCV, 0.8%; H pylori, 0.5%; HBV, 0.3%; HHV-8, 0.1%). Hispanic adults had the highest proportions of all cancers caused by HPV infection (2.6%) and H pylori (1.1%), and non-Hispanic Black adults had the highest proportions of all cancers caused by HCV infection (1.7%), HBV infection (0.7%), and HHV-8 (0.3%). Conclusion Preventable oncogenic infections contribute to cancer incidence in Texas and may affect racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionately. Infection control and prevention should be stressed as an important component of cancer prevention.

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Alberts, Catharina J., Isabelle Heard, Ana Canestri, Lucie Marchand, Jean-François Fléjou, Lionel Piroth, Tristan Ferry, et al. "Incidence and Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and HPV-18 Infection, and Their Determinants, Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in France." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 9 (November 22, 2019): 1488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz623.

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Abstract Background Prospective data on the natural history of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are scarce in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods We analyzed incidence and clearance of HPV-16 and HPV-18 in a French cohort of HIV-infected MSM, aged ≥35 years, followed-up annually (n = 438, 2014–2018). Results Human papillomavirus-16 and HPV-18 incidence were similar (~10% incident infections at 24 months). Human papillomavirus-16 incidence was higher among high-grade versus no lesion at baseline (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–8.18). Human papillomavirus-16 cleared significantly slower than HPV-18 (32% versus 54% by 24 months). Conclusions In conclusion, anal HPV-16 is more persistent than HPV-18, and its incidence correlates with a prior detection of high-grade lesions.

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Bieńkowski, Carlo, Zuzanna Żak, Filip Fijołek, Martyna Cholewik, Maciej Stępień, Agata Skrzat-Klapaczyńska, and Justyna D. Kowalska. "Immunological and Clinical Responses to Vaccinations among Adults Living with HIV." Life 14, no. 5 (April 24, 2024): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14050540.

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People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases. At the same time, they are less likely to respond to vaccinations, and might have a higher rate of vaccine adverse event and faster waning of protective effect. International and national guidelines emphasize the importance of vaccinating people living with HIV against respiratory system disease pathogens including seasonal influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and COVID-19, as well as against sexually transmitted infections, i.e., Hepatitis A and B (HAV, HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the current knowledge regarding the immune and clinical responses elicited by vaccinations in the older adult population living with HIV.

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Makhorina, T. V., K. E. Boeva, G. V. Malyshkina, and A. V. Semenov. "MECHANISMS OF EVACUATION OF THE HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS FROM THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE." Laboratornaya i klinicheskaya meditsina. Farmatsiya, no. 8 (2023): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/lcmp.2023.02.pp.046-059.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and related diseases are a major problem worldwide. The immune response to human papillomavirus infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) deserves special attention. HPV serves as an etiological agent and biological carcinogen for lesions and cancers associated with HPV. Currently, many possible mechanisms of escape of viruses from factors of innate and adaptive immunity are known. Despite the large amount of accumulated knowledge about the course of HIV and papillomavirus infections, early diagnosis and timely treatment of co-infected patients are difficult, which adversely affects their life prognosis. There is still a need to expand early methods for diagnosing papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected individuals and finding effective treatments.

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Mbimenyuy, C. M., J. F. Cho, A. E. Mugyia, G. M. Ikomey, D. M. Tebit, and D. A. Nota. "Comparative HPV genotype distribution among women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Yaoundé, Cameroon." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 24, no. 2 (April 18, 2023): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v24i2.5.

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Background: The epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the pattern of HPV genotype distribution are parameters needed to assess the risk of cervical cancer. Oncogenic HPV types are well-known pathogen for lower genital tract neoplasias, representing the primary cause of cancer death in Africa and the second in Cameroon. This study was conducted to identify the various genotypes particularly the high-risk HPV types in normal and abnormal cervical cytology from women in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a hospital-based, analytical cross-sectional study carried out on 226 symptomatic women wherein cervico-vaginal samples were obtained during gynaecological examination for Pap smears, HPV-DNA and genotype detection with linear array HPV strip, conducted from November 2019 to January 2021. Results: From the 226 women whose cervical samples were collected for Pap smears, 71 (31.4%) had abnormal cytology results while 155 (68.6%) had normal results. The overall HPV prevalence in the study population was 34.1% (77/226). The HPV prevalence in women with abnormal Pap smears was 100% (71/71) and are distributed in following descending order; LSIL (21.1%, 15/71), HSIL (21.1%, 15/71), ASC-US (19.7%, 14/71), ICC (19.7%, 14/71) andothers (18.4%, 13/71). HPV-DNA was positive in 6 (3.9%) of the 155 women with normal cytology results, 4 (2.6%) of whom were high-risk HPV. There is statistically significant difference in the HPV prevalence between women with abnormal and normal Pap smear results (OR=3289, 95% CI=182.62-59235, p<0.0001). The frequently identified oncogenic HPV types were type 16 (31.2%, 24/77), type 45 (14.3%, 11/77) and type 18 (10.4%, 8/77). Conclusion: It is evident from our study that symptomatic women with normal Pap smear can have HR-HPV infection and should therefore be screened for HPV and followed up with periodic Pap smears to detect any abnormal change in cervical cytology results, to prevent cervical cancer development. Women should be encouraged to take up cervical screening, through Pap smears, because it is a non-invasive and cost-effective method for early detection of preinvasive lesions. French title: Répartition comparative des génotypes du VPH chez les femmes ayant une cytologie cervicale normale et anormale à Yaoundé, Cameroun Contexte: L'épidémiologie de l'infection par le virus du papillome humain (VPH) et le schéma de distribution des génotypes du VPH sont des paramètres nécessaires pour évaluer le risque de cancer du col de l'utérus. Les types de VPH oncogènes sont des agents pathogènes bien connus des néoplasies des voies génitales inférieures, représentant la première cause de décès par cancer en Afrique et la deuxième au Cameroun. Cette étude a été menée pour identifier les différents génotypes, en particulier les types de VPH à haut risque dans la cytologie cervicale normale et anormale chez les femmes de Yaoundé, au Cameroun. Méthodologie: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale analytique en milieu hospitalier menée sur 226 femmes symptomatiques dans laquelle des échantillons cervico-vaginaux ont été obtenus lors d'un examen gynécologique pour les frottis Pap, l'ADN du VPH et la détection du génotype avec une bandelette VPH à réseau linéaire, menée à partir de novembre 2019 à janvier 2021. Résultats: Sur les 226 femmes dont les échantillons cervicaux ont été prélevés pour les frottis Pap, 71 (31,4%) avaient des résultats cytologiques anormaux tandis que 155 (68,6%) avaient des résultats normaux. La prévalence globale du VPH dans la population étudiée était de 34,1% (77/226). La prévalence du VPH chez les femmes ayant des frottis de Pap anormaux était de 100 % (71/71) et est répartie dans l'ordre décroissant suivant ; LSIL (21,1 %, 15/71), HSIL (21,1%, 15/71), ASC-US (19,7%, 14/71), ICC (19,7%, 14/71) et autres (18,4%, 13/71). L'ADN du VPH était positif chez 6 (3,9%) des 155 femmes ayant des résultats cytologiques normaux, dont 4 (2,6%) étaient des VPH à haut risque. Il existe une différence statistiquement significative dans la prévalence du VPH entre les femmes ayant des résultats de frottis anormaux et normaux (OR=3289, IC à 95%=182,62-59235, p<0,0001). Les types de VPH oncogènes fréquemment identifiés étaient le type 16 (31,2%, 24/77), le type 45 (14,3%, 11/77) et le type 18 (10,4%, 8/77). Conclusion: Il ressort de notre étude que les femmes symptomatiques avec un frottis de Pap normal peuvent avoir une infection HR-HPV et doivent donc être dépistées pour le VPH et suivies de frottis de Pap périodiques pour détecter tout changement anormal dans les résultats de la cytologie cervicale, afin de prévenir le développement du cancer du col de l'utérus. Les femmes devraient être encouragées à entreprendre un dépistage cervical, par le biais de frottis vaginaux, car il s'agit d'une méthode non invasive et rentable pour la détection précoce des lésions pré-invasives.

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Awua, Adolf K., Alberto Severini, Edwin K. Wiredu, Edwin A. Afari, Vanessa A. Zubach, and Richard M. K. Adanu. "Self-Collected Specimens Revealed a Higher Vaccine- and Non-Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus Prevalences in a Cross-Sectional Study in Akuse." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8343169.

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Background. Population-specific epidemiologic data on human Papillomavirus infection, which are limited in most of the SubSaharan African countries, are necessary for effective cervical cancer prevention. This study aimed to generate population-specific data on human Papillomavirus infections, and determine which of these, self-collected and provider-collected specimens, gives a higher estimate of the prevalence of human Papillomaviruses, including vaccine and non-vaccine-type human Papillomavirus. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, following a questionnaire-based collection of epidemiological data, self-, and provider-collected specimens, obtained from women 15−65 years of age, were analysed for human Papillomavirus types by a nested-multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and for cervical lesions by Pap testing. HPV data were categorised according to risk type and vaccine types for further analysis. Results. The difference between the overall human Papillomavirus infection prevalences obtained with the self-collected specimens, 43.1% (95% CI of 38.0–51.0%) and that with the provider-collected samples, 23.3% (95% CI of 19.0–31.0%) were significant (p≤0.001). The prevalence of quadrivalent vaccine-type human Papillomaviruses was 12.3% with self-collected specimens, but 6.0% with provider-collected specimens. For the nonavalent vaccine-types, the prevalences were 26.6% and 16.7% respectively. There were multiple infections involving both vaccine-preventable and nonvaccine preventable high-risk human Papillomavirus genotypes. Conclusion. The Akuse subdistrict can, therefore, be said to have a high burden of human Papillomavirus infections, which included nonvaccine types, as detected with both self-collected and provider-collected specimens. These imply that self-collection is to be given a higher consideration as a means for a population-based high-risk human Papillomavirus infections burdens assessment/screening. Additionally, even with a successful implementation of the HPV vaccination, if introduced in Ghana, there is still the need to continue with the screening of women.

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Sharipova, I. P., and E. I. Musabaev. "HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND CERVICAL CANCER (OWERWIEW)." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-4-4.

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Viral infections are responsible for 15–20% of all human cancers. Infection with oncogenic viruses can contribute to various stages of carcinogenesis. Despite effective screening methods, cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem. There are large differences in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer by geographic region. The age-specific prevalence of HPV varies widely in different populations and has shown two peaks of HPV positiveness in young and older women. Around the world, there have been many studies on the epidemiology of HPV infection and oncogenic properties due to different HPV genotypes. However, there are still many countries where population prevalence has not yet been determined. Moreover, screening strategies for cervical cancer differ from country to country. Organized cervical screening programs are potentially more effectivethan opportunistic screening programs.Key words:Human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, screening, dysplasia

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Syrjänen, S. "Human Papillomavirus Infection and Its Association with HIV." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2011): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511399914.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect oral mucosa, causing asymptomatic infection or warty lesions. Several case-control studies have confirmed HPV as an independent risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma. HPV-related cancers seem to have better prognoses and different risk factors than do HPV-negative ones. HIV-infected patients are known to be at increased risk for persistent genital and anal high-risk HPV infections and intraepithelial neoplasm. Since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence and persistence of warty lesions in oral mucosa have increased. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was recently added in the case definitions for common HIV-related oral mucosa lesions. The increased risk of HPV infection in HIV patients has been associated with impaired immune response to HPV, highly active antiretroviral therapy, aging of the HIV-infected patients, and direct interaction between the 2 viruses. HPV32 seems to be much more prevalent in asymptomatic HPV infections and warts among those infected with HIV than among those in the general population. Regarding HIV genes, there is evidence of an interaction between HPV and tat, rev, and vpr. HIV might play a role in HPV-associated pathogenesis by exhorting oncogenic stimuli via tat and rev or visa versa.

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Volgareva, G. M. "PAPILLOMAVIRAL CARCINOGENESIS. SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS AND SPECIFIC CHALLENGES. PART 3. THREE LEVELS OF CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION AND TREATMENT." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 19, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2020-19-3-6-11.

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Efficient prophylactic vaccines have been developed to prevent cervical cancer, a frequent female oncological disease caused by carcinogenic human papillomaviruses. World Health Organization worked out the program for prophylaxis of cervical cancer and control of the disease. It includes preventive adolescent vaccinations, screening of precancerous cervical lesions in women as well as cervical cancer treatment if originated. Cervical cancer diagnostics is being improved, development of therapeutic human papillomaviruses vaccines is in progress. The review deals with major achievements and certain challenges in the field of cervical cancer prevention.Part I see: Volgareva G.M. Papillomaviral carcinogenesis. Major achievements and certain challenges. Part I. General notions of papillomaviruses. Human papillomavirusesassociated cancers. Russian Journal of Biotherapy 2020;19(1):6–12.Part 2 see: Volgareva G.M. Papillomaviral carcinogenesis. Major achievements and certain challenges. Part 2. HPV-associated cancers in Russia. Preventive HPV vaccines. Russian Journal of Biotherapy 2020;19(2):31–8.

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Tong, Yan, Philip Tonui, Aaron Ermel, Omenge Orang’o, Nelson Wong, Maina Titus, Stephen Kiptoo, Kapten Muthoka, Patrick J. Loehrer, and Darron R. Brown. "Persistence of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus is associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Kenyan women." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212094513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120945138.

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Objectives: Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic, or “high-risk” types of human papillomaviruses, and is the most common malignancy in Kenyan women. A longitudinal study was initiated to investigate factors associated with persistent human papillomavirus detection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Kenyan women without evidence of cervical dysplasia. Methods: Demographic/behavioral data and cervical swabs were collected from HIV-uninfected women (n = 82) and HIV-infected women (n = 101) at enrollment and annually for 2 years. Human papillomavirus typing was performed on swabs (Roche Linear Array). Logistic regression models of human papillomavirus persistence were adjusted for demographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: HIV-infected women were older and less likely to be married and to own a home and had more lifetime sexual partners than HIV-uninfected women. All HIV-infected women were receiving anti-retroviral therapy at enrollment and had satisfactory CD4 cell counts and HIV viral loads. One- and two-year persistent human papillomavirus detection was significantly associated with HIV infection for any human papillomavirus, high-risk human papillomavirus, International Agency for the Research on Cancer-classified high-risk human papillomavirus, and non-oncogenic “low-risk” human papillomavirus. Conclusion: Persistent detection of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus was strongly associated with HIV infection in Kenyan women with re-constituted immune systems based on satisfactory CD4 cell counts. In addition to HIV infection, factors associated with an increased risk of human papillomavirus persistence included a higher number of lifetime sex partners. Factors associated with decreased risk of human papillomavirus persistence included older age and being married. Further studies are needed to identify the immunological defects in HIV-infected women that allow human papillomavirus persistence, even in women receiving effective anti-retroviral therapy. Further studies are also needed to determine the significance of low-risk human papillomavirus persistence in HIV-infected women.

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Yao, Pang, Iona Millwood, Christiana Kartsonaki, Alexander J. Mentzer, Naomi Allen, Rima Jeske, Julia Butt, et al. "Sero-prevalence of 19 infectious pathogens and associated factors among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e058353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058353.

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ObjectivesTo systematically assess the sero-prevalence and associated factors of major infectious pathogens in China, where there are high incidence rates of certain infection-related cancers.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting10 (5 urban, 5 rural) geographically diverse areas in China.ParticipantsA subcohort of 2000 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank.Primary measuresSero-prevalence of 19 pathogens using a custom-designed multiplex serology panel and associated factors.ResultsOf the 19 pathogens investigated, the mean number of sero-positive pathogens was 9.4 (SD 1.7), with 24.4% of participants being sero-positive for >10 pathogens. For individual pathogens, the sero-prevalence varied, being for example, 0.05% for HIV, 6.4% for human papillomavirus (HPV)-16, 53.5% for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and 99.8% for Epstein-Barr virus . The sero-prevalence of human herpesviruses (HHV)-6, HHV-7 and HPV-16 was higher in women than men. Several pathogens showed a decreasing trend in sero-prevalence by birth cohort, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) (51.6% vs 38.7% in those born <1940 vs >1970), HPV-16 (11.4% vs 5.4%), HHV-2 (15.1% vs 8.1%), Chlamydia trachomatis (65.6% vs 28.8%) and Toxoplasma gondii (22.0% vs 9.0%). Across the 10 study areas, sero-prevalence varied twofold to fourfold for HBV (22.5% to 60.7%), HPV-16 (3.4% to 10.9%), H. pylori (16.2% to 71.1%) and C. trachomatis (32.5% to 66.5%). Participants with chronic liver diseases had >7-fold higher sero-positivity for HBV (OR=7.51; 95% CI 2.55 to 22.13).ConclusionsAmong Chinese adults, previous and current infections with certain pathogens were common and varied by area, sex and birth cohort. These infections may contribute to the burden of certain cancers and other non-communicable chronic diseases.

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López-Martínez, Jael, María del Pilar Gabriel de la Torre, Cristian Cruz Ochoa, Lucía Martínez-Martínez, and Miguel Ángel Mayoral Chávez. "Los virus como detonante oncogénico." Tequio 1, no. 2 (January 27, 2018): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53331/teq.v1i2.5493.

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Viruses are intracellular pathogens, which are replicated within a cell, using their own machinery to generate more viral particles. Viral replication can affect normal host cell genes, thereby modulating signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and death; genomic integrity, and immune-mediated recognition. Viruses, known as oncogenic viruses, cause about 20% of human cancers. The phenomenon of a basic viral infection to tumorigenesis is long due to the involvement of several factors, such as immune complications, cellular mutations, and exposure to other cancer agents. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated with herpes, also known as type-8 Herpes virus (HHV-8), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and type-1 human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are involved in the development of humans cancers.

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KAWANA, Kei. "Human papillomavirus prophylactic vaccine." Uirusu 62, no. 1 (2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.62.79.

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Zou, Nianxiang, Jen-Sing Liu, Shu-Ru Kuo, Thomas R. Broker, and Louise T. Chow. "The Carboxyl-Terminal Region of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1 Protein Determines E2 Protein Specificity during DNA Replication." Journal of Virology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 3436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.4.3436-3441.1998.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism of DNA replication is conserved among papillomaviruses. The virus-encoded E1 and E2 proteins collaborate to target the origin and recruit host DNA replication proteins. Expression vectors of E1 and E2 proteins support homologous and heterologous papillomaviral origin replication in transiently transfected cells. Viral proteins from different genotypes can also collaborate, albeit with different efficiencies, indicating a certain degree of specificity in E1-E2 interactions. We report that, in the assays of our study, the human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) E1 protein functioned with the HPV-16 E2 protein, whereas the HPV-16 E1 protein exhibited no detectable activity with the HPV-11 E2 protein. Taking advantage of this distinction, we used chimeric E1 proteins to delineate the E1 protein domains responsible for this specificity. Hybrids containing HPV-16 E1 amino-terminal residues up to residue 365 efficiently replicated either viral origin in the presence of either E2 protein. The reciprocal hybrids containing amino-terminal HPV-11 sequences exhibited a high activity with HPV-16 E2 but no activity with HPV-11 E2. Reciprocal hybrid proteins with the carboxyl-terminal 44 residues from either E1 had an intermediate property, but both collaborated more efficiently with HPV-16 E2 than with HPV-11 E2. In contrast, chimeras with a junction in the putative ATPase domain showed little or no activity with either E2 protein. We conclude that the E1 protein consists of distinct structural and functional domains, with the carboxyl-terminal 284 residues of the HPV-16 E1 protein being the primary determinant for E2 specificity during replication, and that chimeric exchanges in or bordering the ATPase domain inactivate the protein.

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Romero-Masters, James C., Paul F. Lambert, and Karl Munger. "Molecular Mechanisms of MmuPV1 E6 and E7 and Implications for Human Disease." Viruses 14, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102138.

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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Our ability to model HPV-induced malignant disease has been impeded by species specific barriers and pre-clinical animal models have been challenging to develop. The recent discovery of a murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, that infects laboratory mice and causes the same range of malignancies caused by HPVs provides the papillomavirus field the opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses in a genetically manipulatable laboratory animal species in the context of natural infections. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs, which are the HPV genotypes associated with human cancers, are multifunctional proteins that contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways. In this review, we describe the known activities of the MmuPV1-encoded E6 and E7 proteins and how those activities relate to the activities of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by mucosal and cutaneous high-risk HPV genotypes.

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White, Wendy I., Susan D. Wilson, William Bonnez, Robert C. Rose, Scott Koenig, and Joann A. Suzich. "In Vitro Infection and Type-Restricted Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of Authentic Human Papillomavirus Type 16." Journal of Virology 72, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.2.959-964.1998.

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ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. Studies of model systems with animal papillomaviruses have demonstrated the importance of neutralizing antibodies in preventing papillomavirus-associated disease. The assessment of neutralizing antibody responses against HPV-16, previously hampered by the lack of a viral source, was enabled by the recent propagation of an HPV-16 stock in xenografted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. HPV-16 infection of an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line was demonstrated by detection of an HPV-16-specific spliced mRNA amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR. Infection was blocked by preincubation of the virus with antiserum generated against HPV-16 virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the major capsid protein, L1. To examine potential cross-neutralizing activity among the different genital HPV types, rabbit antisera to L1 VLPs corresponding to HPV-6, -11, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, and -45 were assayed for the ability to block the HPV-16 infection of cultured cells. Antiserum raised against HPV-33 L1 VLPs was the only heterologous antiserum which inhibited HPV-16 infection. Thus, a neutralization assay for HPV-16 may help to characterize the components required to compose a broadly efficacious genital HPV vaccine.

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King, Caroline C., Denise J. Jamieson, Jeffrey Wiener, Susan Cu-Uvin, Robert S. Klein, Anne M. Rompalo, Keerti V. Shah, and Jack D. Sobel. "Bacterial Vaginosis and the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/319460.

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Objective. To evaluate associations between common vaginal infections and human papillomavirus (HPV).Study Design. Data from up to 15 visits on 756 HIV-infected women and 380 high-risk HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) were evaluated for associations of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vaginalCandidacolonization with prevalent HPV, incident HPV, and clearance of HPV in multivariate analysis.Results. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was associated with increased odds for prevalent (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26) and incident (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.47) HPV and with delayed clearance of infection (aHR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.97). Whereas BV at the preceding or current visit was associated with incident HPV, in an alternate model for the outcome of incident BV, HPV at the current, but not preceding, visit was associated with incident BV.Conclusion. These findings underscore the importance of prevention and successful treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

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Sano, Takaaki. "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Immunohistochemistry." Kitakanto Medical Journal 64, no. 4 (2014): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2974/kmj.64.347.

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Prelić, Jovana, and Aleksandra Knežević. "The frequency of infection with high-risk human papilloma virus types on the cervix uteri of women of reproductive age." Medicinski podmladak 73, no. 1 (2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mp73-33477.

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Introduction: Human papilloma virus is the most important etiological factor that leads to the malignant alteration of cervical epithelium. More than 200 types of human papillomavirus are identified. Based on its oncogenic potential, human papillomavirus can be classified as low-oncogenic and high-oncogenic types. Aim: To determine the frequency of infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses in the cervical swabs of reproductively active women in our population. Material and methods: The research is designed as descriptive study. Data on the presence of HPV infections, as well as the virus genotype in 707 cervical swabs from the period from January 2019 to August 2020, together with the correlation with the woman's age and cytological status on the cervix, were analyzed. Results: Human papilloma virus infection was present in 223 out of 707 tested samples (31.54%). The highest frequency of HPV infection, as well as the highest number of HPV genotypes was in the group of women aged 25 - 34 years (36.32%). The frequency of HPV infection correlates with altered cytological status. The presence of 26 HPV genotypes was determined, 16 highly oncogenic and 10 low oncogenic types, of which the most common was highly oncogenic type 16 (25.11%). Conclusion: These findings showed a high frequency of highly oncogenic HPV genotypes, primarily type 16 in most groups of women of reproductive age. In addition, the frequency of infection correlates with cytological status, which indicates the great importance of prevention of genital HPV infection in our female population.

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NG, García. "Polymorphism of KIR Genes in Women with Human Papillomavirus Infection." Virology & Immunology Journal 7, no. 3 (July 7, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000319.

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Molecular biology screening techniques for early detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the National CervicalUterine Cancer Program in Cuba provide the opportunity to treat premalignant lesions and prevent progression to cervicaluterine cancer. Objectives: To identify 14 high-risk HPV genotypes in women aged 30 to 50 with negative previous cytology and to identify the polymorphism of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in a subsample of HPV-positive women. Methods: HPV screening tests were performed on 3,115 women using the COBAS 4800 system with the HPV COBAS kit (Roche, Germany). For KIR gene typing, 60 randomly selected HPV-positive women were analyzed using a molecular method based on hybridization probes on a LUMINEX flow analyzer with the LIFECODES KIR-SSO typing kit (Immucor, USA). Results: 295 (9.5%) women tested positive for one of the 14 high-risk genotypes. The highest percentage of positive women was found among those aged 30 to 39 years (12.0%). Fourteen women had coinfection with HPV16 or HPV18 along with another highrisk genotype. There was a high frequency of genes encoding activating receptors such as KIR 2DL1 (98.3%), KIR 2DL3 (98.3%), and KIR 2DS4*all full length (93.3%). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV in Cuban women with normal cytology is lower than the global average, with activating KIR genes predominating among positive cases.

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Kornete, Anna, Elizabete Pumpure, Jana Zodzika, Dace Rezeberga, Liga Puksta-Gulbe, and Irina Jermakova. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Papillomavirus Co-Infection in Pregnant Woman." Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chilat-2017-0006.

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Summary Among HIV-infected women prevalence and incidence of HPV infection are higher, and the risk for developing cervical cancer is increased. We present a case of HIV and HPV co-infection in woman with invasive cervical cancer and cervical and vaginal condyloma acuminata in association with vaginal bleeding during pregnancy.

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Tesfalul, Martha, Kenneth Simbiri, Chikoti M. Wheat, Didintle Motsepe, Hayley Goldbach, Kathleen Armstrong, Kathryn Hudson, Mukendi K. Kayembe, Erle Robertson, and Carrie Kovarik. "Oncogenic Viral Prevalence in Invasive Vulvar Cancer Specimens From Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and -Negative Women in Botswana." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 24, no. 4 (May 2014): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000111.

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ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of select oncogenic viruses within vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and their association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in women in Botswana, where the national HIV prevalence is the third highest in the world.MethodsA cross-sectional study of biopsy-confirmed VSCC specimens and corresponding clinical data was conducted in Gaborone, Botswana. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) viral testing were done for Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus (HPV) strains, and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, and PCR viral testing alone was done for John Cunningham virus.ResultsHuman papillomavirus prevalence by PCR was 100% (35/35) among tested samples. Human papillomavirus type 16 was the most prevalent HPV strain (82.9% by PCR, 94.7% by either PCR or IHC). Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus prevalence by PCR had a significant association with HIV status (P = 0.013), but not by IHC (P = 0.650).ConclusionsThe high burden of HPV, specifically HPV16, in vulvar squamous cell cancer in Botswana suggests a distinct HPV profile that differs from other studied populations, which provides increased motivation for HPV vaccination efforts. Oncogenic viruses Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus were also more prevalent in our study population, although their potential role in vulvar squamous cell cancer pathology is unclear.

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Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead, A. Chikandiwa, and J. Gibbs. "Human papillomavirus infection and disease in men: Impact of HIV." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 14, no. 4 (November 22, 2013): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v14i4.55.

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There is growing evidence of a significant burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated disease in men. High rates of HPV infection have been observed in men from sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence is high. HIV infection increases HPV prevalence, incidence and persistence and is strongly associated with the development of anogenital warts and anal, penile and head and neck cancers in men. Despite increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, there appears to be little benefit in preventing the development of these cancers in HIV-positive men, making prevention of infection a priority. New prevention options that are being introduced in many African countries include male circumcision and HPV vaccination. However, more data are needed on the burden of HPV disease in men before boys are included in HPV vaccination programmes.

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