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1
He, Shouhui, Yan Wang, and Hongda Liu. "Image Information Recognition and Classification of Warehoused Goods in Intelligent Logistics Based on Machine Vision Technology." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To sort out warehouse management problems in smart factories, smart warehousing and in-plant smart distribution systems are needed to achieve the goal of lean logistics and distribution in smart factories. There are still some pressing problems in the research on images of warehoused goods in intelligent logistics. For example, a solution hasn’t been found yet to recognise multiple types of warehoused goods in different shapes and colours; static vision image processing solutions have a poor performance in optimising recognition speed and classification accuracy. In response, this paper unveils a study on the image information recognition and classification of warehoused goods in intelligent logistics based on machine vision technology. It presents a process related to warehouse management in intelligent logistics and a corresponding system architecture. It also constructs a YOLOv3 model for the image information recognition and classification of warehoused goods in intelligent logistics. The paper elaborates on the prior box settings and loss function correction methods, and finishes optimising the YOLOv3 model. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the constructed model.
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Gidney, Craig. "Inplace Access to the Surface Code Y Basis." Quantum 8 (April 8, 2024): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-04-08-1310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, I cut the cost of Y basis measurement and initialization in the surface code by nearly an order of magnitude. Fusing twist defects diagonally across the surface code patch reaches the Y basis in ⌊d/2⌋+2 rounds, without leaving the bounding box of the patch and without reducing the code distance. I use Monte Carlo sampling to benchmark the performance of the construction under circuit noise, and to analyze the distribution of logical errors. Cheap inplace Y basis measurement reduces the cost of S gates and magic state factories, and unlocks Pauli measurement tomography of surface code qubits on space-limited hardware.
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Zhang, Ziyang, Lingye Tan, and Tiong Lee Kong Robert. "An Improved Fire and Smoke Detection Method Based on YOLOv8n for Smart Factories." Sensors 24, no. 15 (July 24, 2024): 4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24154786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Factories play a crucial role in economic and social development. However, fire disasters in factories greatly threaten both human lives and properties. Previous studies about fire detection using deep learning mostly focused on wildfire detection and ignored the fires that happened in factories. In addition, lots of studies focus on fire detection, while smoke, the important derivative of a fire disaster, is not detected by such algorithms. To better help smart factories monitor fire disasters, this paper proposes an improved fire and smoke detection method based on YOLOv8n. To ensure the quality of the algorithm and training process, a self-made dataset including more than 5000 images and their corresponding labels is created. Then, nine advanced algorithms are selected and tested on the dataset. YOLOv8n exhibits the best detection results in terms of accuracy and detection speed. ConNeXtV2 is then inserted into the backbone to enhance inter-channel feature competition. RepBlock and SimConv are selected to replace the original Conv and improve computational ability and memory bandwidth. For the loss function, CIoU is replaced by MPDIoU to ensure an efficient and accurate bounding box. Ablation tests show that our improved algorithm achieves better performance in all four metrics reflecting accuracy: precision, recall, F1, and mAP@50. Compared with the original model, whose four metrics are approximately 90%, the modified algorithm achieves above 95%. mAP@50 in particular reaches 95.6%, exhibiting an improvement of approximately 4.5%. Although complexity improves, the requirements of real-time fire and smoke monitoring are satisfied.
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Fan, Yi-Chih, and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang. "Embedded smart box for legacy machines to approach to I 4.0 in smart manufacturing." MATEC Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818500027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper introduces the design of a Linux-based embedded controller which includes machine state detection application for legacy machines and manufacturing line. For Industrie 4.0 (I4.0), it is important to acquire, manipulate, and transmit machine operating states or physical data to form useful information. However, many existing legacy machines lack of controller or sensor(s) to response to their operating status. Some machine controllers cannot be connected to provide internal parameter(s) by means of communication. Gathering machine operating state should be the first priority to approach to I4.0. This paper adopts widely used Raspberry PI as the core platform to build Embedded Smart Box (ESB). It uses external sensors to detect the machine operating status to compute the machine's availability (one of Overall Equipment Efficiency factors) and measures current to calculate the power consumption. In this research, the combination of embedded system and sensors can be a smart box for legacy machines. Such cost-effective design would help users to take the useful data from the machines and construct the base of I4.0 system even without the existence of the controller. This embedded-based design methodology has great potential implications that might fundamentally change the legacy factories into I4.0 smart one.
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Nguyen, Hoang Bao Hung, My Le Du, and Trong Hieu Bui. "Design and Manufacture of Welding Fumes Electrostatic Precipitator and Parameter Study on Filtration Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 907 (June 22, 2022): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3302mx.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the fumes and dust generated from metal cutting and welding are not often treated well in many factories. This paper presents the results of designing, manufacturing the welding fumes filter system by applying electrostatic precipitator methods as well as studying the factors affecting performance of filters. There are many factors that affect the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator filtration, in this study, the welding fumes filter was experimented with parameters of gas flow velocity, filter pipe diameter and power capacity to find out the appropriate parameters. The outlet air quality was measured with a dust concentration gauge and the Box-Behnken method was used to determine the relationship among experimental parameters. The filter parameters are optimized to achieve 99% of filtration efficiency. The research results will be applied in practice to ensure the health of users and improve the surrounding environment as well.
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Jin, Dabing, Shiqing Xu, Lianjie Tong, Linyu Wu, and Shimin Liu. "End Image Defect Detection of Float Glass Based on Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network." Traitement du Signal 37, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.370513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The float glass contains various defects for reasons of raw materials and production process. These defects can be observed on the end images of the glass. Since the defects are correlated with specific links of the production process, it is possible to discover the process problems by identifying the location and type of defects in end images. Based on faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster RCNN), this paper proposes a deep learning method that improves the feature extraction network, and adds a Laplacian convolutional layer to preprocess the end images. Considering the defect features in end images, the anchor box size was adjusted to speed up the training. Besides, the lack of generalizability induced by small dataset was solved through data enhancement. With improved VGG16 as the feature extraction layer, a glass defect detection model was established, whose generalizability was improved through transfer learning. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieved a mean detection accuracy of 94% on actual test set, meeting the requirements for actual use in factories.
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Piardi, Luis, Vivian Cremer Kalempa, Marcelo Limeira, André Schneider de Oliveira, and Paulo Leitão. "ARENA—Augmented Reality to Enhanced Experimentation in Smart Warehouses." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 4308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current industrial scenario demands advances that depend on expensive and sophisticated solutions. Augmented Reality (AR) can complement, with virtual elements, the real world. Faced with this features, an AR experience can meet the demand for prototype testing and new solutions, predicting problems and failures that may only exist in real situations. This work presents an environment for experimentation of advanced behaviors in smart factories, allowing experimentation with multi-robot systems (MRS), interconnected, cooperative, and interacting with virtual elements. The concept of ARENA introduces a novel approach to realistic and immersive experimentation in industrial environments, aiming to evaluate new technologies aligned with the Industry 4.0. The proposed method consists of a small-scale warehouse, inspired in a real scenario characterized in this paper, managing by a group of autonomous forklifts, fully interconnected, which are embodied by a swarm of tiny robots developed and prepared to operate in the small scale scenario. The AR is employed to enhance the capabilities of swarm robots, allowing box handling and virtual forklifts. Virtual laser range finders (LRF) are specially designed as segmentation of a global RGB-D camera, to improve robot perception, allowing obstacle avoidance and environment mapping. This infrastructure enables the evaluation of new strategies to improve manufacturing productivity, without compromising the production by automation faults.
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Hung, Ming-Hung, Chao-Hsun Ku, and Kai-Ying Chen. "Application of Task-Aligned Model Based on Defect Detection." Automation 4, no. 4 (October 27, 2023): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation4040019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, with the rise of the automation wave, reducing manual judgment, especially in defect detection in factories, has become crucial. The automation of image recognition has emerged as a significant challenge. However, the problem of how to effectively improve the classification of defect detection and the accuracy of the mean average precision (mAP) is a continuous process of improvement and has evolved from the original visual inspection of defects to the present deep learning detection system. This paper presents an application of deep learning, and the task-aligned approach is firstly used on metal defects, and the anchor and bounding box of objects and categories are continuously optimized by mutual correction. We used the task-aligned one-stage object detection (TOOD) model, then improved and optimized it, followed by deformable ConvNets v2 (DCNv2) to adjust the deformable convolution, and finally used soft efficient non-maximum suppression (Soft-NMS) to optimize intersection over union (IoU) and adjust the IoU threshold and many other experiments. In the Northeastern University surface defect detection dataset (NEU-DET) for surface defect detection, mAP increased from 75.4% to 77.9%, a 2.5% increase in mAP, and mAP was also improved compared to existing advanced models, which has potential for future use.
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Qi, Ruolong, Yuangui Tang, and Ke Zhang. "On-line self-calibration method for unattended manipulators based on Gaussian motion model and visual system." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 48, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-03-2020-0057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose For some special manipulators such as the ones work at the space station, nuclear or some other unmanned environments, the overload, collision, vibration, temperature change or release of the internal stress would affect the structural parameters. And thus the operation precision might constantly decrease in long-term use. In these unmanned environments, the unattended manipulators should calibrate itself when they execute high precision operations or proceed self-maintenances. The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic visual assistant on-line calibration (AVOC) method based on multi-markers. Design/methodology/approach A camera fixed on the end of the manipulator is used to measure one to three identification points, which forms an unstable multi-sensor eye-in-hand system. A Gaussian motion method which combines the linear quadratic regulator control and extended Kalman filter together is proposed to make the manipulator track the planned trajectories when its inaccurate structural parameters form uncertain motion errors. And a Monte-Carlo method is proposed to form a high precision and stable signal acquisition when the visual system has measurement errors and intermittent signal feedback. An automatic sampling process is adopted to select the optimal measurement points basing on their variances. Findings Data analysis and experiment results prove the efficiency and feasibility of the method proposed in this paper. With this method, the positioning accuracy is largely promoted from about 2 mm to 0.04–0.05 mm. Originality/value Experiments were carried out successfully on a manipulator in a life sciences glove box that will work at the Chinese space station. It is a low cost and efficient manipulator calibration method. The whole autonomic calibration process takes less than 10 min and requires no human intervention. In addition, this method not only can be used in the calibration of other unmanned articulated manipulator that works in deep ocean, nuclear industry or space but also be useful for the maintenance work in modern factories owing a lot of industrial robots.
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Miura-Ido, Mizuho, Yuzuri Iwamoto, Hiroi Kouya, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Amjad Hassan, Norikuni Ohtake, Hidetaka Hori, and Takuji Ohyama. "Method for Rapid Labeling of Waste Sludge from a Food Factory with 15N-Glycine and Evaluation of N Use Using Komatsuna (Brassica rapa Var. perviridis)." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8865228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The waste sludge from food factories has rich nutrients and useful material for fertilizer or animal feed, but quick treatments and recycling of the waste sludge are difficult due to its higher water content. We have developed a rapid composting system to make sludge fertilizer using mix of waste sludge and shredded newspaper (Sludge Fertilizer Made by Paper Mixing Method, SF-PMM). The mixture was incubated in a box reactor, continuously aerated with warm air around 35°C, and changed to mature SF-PMM, in only two weeks. To search movement of N from the SF-PMM to plants, we developed a new method to label small amounts of SF-PMM with 15N-glycine. 50 L of wastewater from a food factory was incubated with 1 L of active sludge and 3 g of 15N-glycine (98 atom% 15N), and 175 g of labeled sludge was obtained in a day. This sludge was mixed with 25 g of newspaper chips, packed between two steel meshes, and placed at 20 cm depth in the reactor composting 200 kg of unlabeled sludge-paper mixture. Composting was restarted, and after about 7 days of reaction, 15N-labeled SF-PMM 7.03 atom% 15N was obtained. The surrounding unlabeled compost contained 4.0, 4.0, and 0.8% of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. C/N and pH were 10 and 7.4, respectively. Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) was cultivated in a pot with 50 and 100 mg N of SF-PMM, and healthy plants were obtained as in the Control experiments containing 50 mg N ammonium sulfate. No growth inhibition was observed in these experiments. Even in 100 mg SF-PMM, excellent growth of the roots was observed. About 56% of the N in the plant was shown to come from 15N-SF-PMM, and about 6% of the total15N in the 15N-SF-PMM was also shown to be incorporated into the plant.
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Baba Fariddin, S., and Rahul Mishra. "Design of High Speed and Area Efficient Finite Field Multiplier Using Factoring Technique for Communication." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this paper, design of high speed and area efficient finite field multiplier using factoring technique for communication is implemented. Data security plays very important role in present generation. Therefore, initially inputs and key are given to S-Box. The main intent of S-Box is to substitute the input data and key. After that input data and key are merged using S-Box merge. This data will be multiplied using finite field multiplier and to improve the performance along with that mix column technique is applied. Factoring technique will increase the speed of operation. After the data performs shift row operation. At last rounding is performed to the obtained data. At last simulation results shows that effective outcome in terms of delay, memory and security.
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Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, Heshmatollah, Riccardo Leardi, and Mehdi Jalali-Heravi. "Experimental Design in Analytical Chemistry—Part I: Theory." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeebrahimi1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper reviews the main concepts of experimental design applicable to the optimization of analytical chemistry techniques. The critical steps and tools for screening, including Plackett-Burman, factorial and fractional factorial designs, and response surface methodology such as central composite, Box-Behnken, and Doehlert designs, are discussed. Some useful routines are also presented for performing the procedures.
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Ramaswamy, H. S., C. Chen, S. Sreekanth, S. S. Sablani, and S. O. Prasher. "Neural Network Assisted Experimental Designs for Food Research." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss2pp79-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting full factorial data from the fractional data corresponding to some of the commonly used experimental designs is explored in this paper. Factorial and fractional factorial designs such as L8, L9, L18, and Box and Behnken schemes were considered both in their original form and with some variations (L8+6, L15 and L9+1). Full factorial (3 factors x 5 levels) and fractional data were generated employing sixteen different mathematical equations (four in each category: linear, with and without interactions, and non-linear, with and without interactions). Different ANN models were trained and the best model was chosen for each equation based on their ability to predict the fractional data. The best experimental design was then chosen based on their ability to simulate the full- factorial data for each equation. In several cases, the mean relative errors with the L18 design (which had more input data than other models) were even higher than with other smaller fractional design. In general, the ANN assisted Lm, Box and Behnken, L15 and L18 designs were found to predict the full factorial data reasonably well with errors less than 5 %. The L8+6 model performed well with several experimental datasets reported in the literature.
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Ramaswamy, H. S., C. Chen, S. Sreekanth, S. S. Sablani, and S. O. Prasher. "Neural Network Assisted Experimental Designs for Food Research." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss2pp97-106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting full factorial data from the fractional data corresponding to some of the commonly used experimental designs is explored in this paper. Factorial and fractional factorial designs such as L8, L9, L18, and Box and Behnken schemes were considered both in their original form and with some variations (L8+6, L15 and L9+1). Full factorial (3 factors x 5 levels) and fractional data were generated employing sixteen different mathematical equations (four in each category: linear, with and without interactions, and non-linear, with and without interactions). Different ANN models were trained and the best model was chosen for each equation based on their ability to predict the fractional data. The best experimental design was then chosen based on their ability to simulate the full- factorial data for each equation. In several cases, the mean relative errors with the L18 design (which had more input data than other models) were even higher than with other smaller fractional design. In general, the ANN assisted Lm, Box and Behnken, L15 and L18 designs were found to predict the full factorial data reasonably well with errors less than 5 %. The L8+6 model performed well with several experimental datasets reported in the literature.
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Huang, Rundong, Farhad Shirani, and Dongsheng Luo. "Factorized Explainer for Graph Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 11 (March 24, 2024): 12626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i11.29157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received increasing attention due to their ability to learn from graph-structured data. To open the black-box of these deep learning models, post-hoc instance-level explanation methods have been proposed to understand GNN predictions. These methods seek to discover substructures that explain the prediction behavior of a trained GNN. In this paper, we show analytically that for a large class of explanation tasks, conventional approaches, which are based on the principle of graph information bottleneck (GIB), admit trivial solutions that do not align with the notion of explainability. Instead, we argue that a modified GIB principle may be used to avoid the aforementioned trivial solutions. We further introduce a novel factorized explanation model with theoretical performance guarantees. The modified GIB is used to analyze the structural properties of the proposed factorized explainer. We conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets to validate the effectiveness of our proposed factorized explainer.
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D'Souza, Floyd, João Costa, and J. Norberto Pires. "Development of a solution for adding a collaborative robot to an industrial AGV." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2020-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The Industry 4.0 initiative – with its ultimate objective of revolutionizing the supply-chain – putted more emphasis on smart and autonomous systems, creating new opportunities to add flexibility and agility to automatic manufacturing systems. These systems are designed to free people from monotonous and repetitive tasks, enabling them to concentrate in knowledge-based jobs. One of these repetitive functions is the order-picking task which consists of collecting parts from storage (warehouse) and distributing them among the ordering stations. An order-picking system can also pick finished parts from working stations to take them to the warehouse. The purpose of this paper is to present a simplified model of a robotic order-picking system, i.e. a mobile manipulator composed by an automated guided vehicle (AGV), a collaborative robot (cobot) and a robotic hand. Design/methodology/approach Details about its implementation are also presented. The AGV is needed to safely navigate inside the factory infrastructure, namely, between the warehouse and the working stations located in the shop-floor or elsewhere. For that purpose, an ActiveONE AGV, from Active Space Automation, was selected. The collaborative robot manipulator is used to move parts from/into the mobile platform (feeding the working stations and removing parts for the warehouse). A cobot from Kassow Robots was selected (model KR 810), kindly supplied by partner companies Roboplan (Portugal) and Kassow Robotics (Denmark). An Arduino MKR1000 board was also used to interconnect the user interface, the AGV and the collaborative robot. The graphical user interface was developed in C# using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 IDE, taking advantage of this experience in this type of language and programming environment. Findings The resulting prototype was fully demonstrated in the partner company warehouse (Active Space Automation) and constitutes a possible order-picking solution, which is ready to be integrated into advanced solutions for the factories of the future. Originality/value A solution to fully automate the order-picking task at an industrial shop-floor was presented and fully demonstrated. The objective was to design a system that could be easy to use, to adapt to different applications and that could be a basic infrastructure for advanced order-picking systems. The system proved to work very well, executing all the features required for an order-picking system working in an Industry 4.0 scenario where humans and machines must act as co-workers. Although all the system design objectives were accomplished, there are still opportunities to improve and add features to the presented solution. In terms of improvements, a different robotic hand will be used in the final setup, depending on the type of objects that are being required to move. The amount of equipment that is located on-board of the AGV can be significantly reduced, freeing space and lowering the weight that the AGV carries. For example, the controlling computer can be substituted by a single-board-computer without any advantage. Also, the cobot should be equipped with a wrist camera to identify objects and landmark. This would allow the cobot to fully identify the position and orientation of the objects to pick and drop. The wrist camera should also use bin-picking software to fully identify the shape of the objects to pick and also their relative position (if they are randomly located in a box, for example). These features are easy to add to the developed mobile manipulator, as there are a few vision systems in the market (some that integrate with the selected cobot) that can be easily integrated in the solution. Finally, this paper reports a development effort that neglected, for practical reasons, all issues related with certification, safety, training, etc. A future follow-up paper, reporting a practical use-case implementation, will properly address those practical and operational issues.
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Gracia Royo, Azucena, and Luis Pérez y Pérez. "Factores determinantes del precio de la carne de ternera: Un análisis hedónico." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 4, no. 8 (October 21, 2011): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2004.08.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Beef market has been affected by recent food products crises. The consumer’s decision is being related to the price and this one by the product characteristics and by other factors which can in fluence the consumer’s utility. The objective of the paper is to analyse the economic value of the beef attributes influencing the consumer’s purchase decision using an hedonic prices methodology. Data come from two surveys carried out on 540 consumers in Zaragoza City in the years 2001 and 2002. In the econometric estimation, a flexible functional form is assumed, the Box-Cox transformation. This approach solves the functional form problem. Results show that the consumers’ assessment on the beef attributes does not change from one year to another and that the designation of origin is the most important characteristic determining the beef price.
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EKDAHL, FREDRIK, PER PERSSON, and PIA SANDVIK WIKLUND. "INTRODUCING DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE FOR SELECTION OF ACTIVE FACTORS IN DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 07, no. 04 (December 2000): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539300000274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unreplicated factorial designs are widely used for designed experimentation in industry. In the analysis of designed experiments, the experimental factors influencing the response must be identified and separated from those that do not. An abundance of procedures intended to perform this selection have been introduced in the literature. A recent study indicated that the procedure due to Box and Meyer outperforms the lot of the other selection procedures in terms of efficiency and robustness. The procedure of Box and Meyer rests on a quasi-Bayesian foundation and utilizes generic domain knowledge, in the form of a common-for-all-factors a priori probability, that a factor significantly influences the response, to calculate an a posteriori probability for each factor. This paper suggests a strategy for introducing more elaborate domain knowledge about the experimental factors in the procedure of Box and Meyer, aiming to further improve its performance.
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He, Bangyan, Jian Liu, Yiming Li, Siyuan Liang, Jingzhi Li, Xiaojun Jia, and Xiaochun Cao. "Generating Transferable 3D Adversarial Point Cloud via Random Perturbation Factorization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i1.25154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent studies have demonstrated that existing deep neural networks (DNNs) on 3D point clouds are vulnerable to adversarial examples, especially under the white-box settings where the adversaries have access to model parameters. However, adversarial 3D point clouds generated by existing white-box methods have limited transferability across different DNN architectures. They have only minor threats in real-world scenarios under the black-box settings where the adversaries can only query the deployed victim model. In this paper, we revisit the transferability of adversarial 3D point clouds. We observe that an adversarial perturbation can be randomly factorized into two sub-perturbations, which are also likely to be adversarial perturbations. It motivates us to consider the effects of the perturbation and its sub-perturbations simultaneously to increase the transferability for sub-perturbations also contain helpful information. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective attack method to generate more transferable adversarial 3D point clouds. Specifically, rather than simply optimizing the loss of perturbation alone, we combine it with its random factorization. We conduct experiments on benchmark dataset, verifying our method's effectiveness in increasing transferability while preserving high efficiency.
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Zwain, Haider M., Hind Barghash, Mohammadtaghi Vakili, Hasan Sh. Majdi, and Irvan Dahlan. "Modeling and optimization of process parametric interaction during high-rate anaerobic digestion of recycled paper mill wastewater using the response surface methodology." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2022.088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study carried out the anaerobic digestion of recycled paper mill wastewater (RPMW) in a high-rate novel anaerobic baffled reactor. The parametric interaction between influent chemical oxygen demand (CODin) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was modeled, and process responses were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using a three-level factorial design. The results showed that the optimal condition was determined at CODin of 4,000 mg/L and HRT of 2 days and predicted values for COD removal, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, lignin removal, CH4 content, and CH4 production were found to be 94%, 98%, 68%, 85%, and 20.8 L CH4/d, respectively. According to the statistical analysis of the RSM, all models were significant with very low probability values (from 0.0045 to <0.0001). The parametric interaction showed that increasing the CODin positively influenced the COD, BOD, and lignin removal efficiencies, effluent alkalinity, and methane content and production but was unfavorable for pH and effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA). Shortening the HRT negatively affected the COD, BOD, and lignin removal efficiencies, pH level, alkalinity, and methane content and production, and increased the VFA effluent concentration. The optimal conditions were established at 4,000 mg/L COD and HRT of 2 days, corresponding to the predicted COD, BOD, and lignin removal efficiencies of 91, 98, and 71%, respectively, whereas 28 mg/L of VFA and 0.125 L of CH4/g CODremoved were generated.
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Fazeli, Faezeh, Hossein Tavanai, and Ali Zeinal Hamadani. "Application of Taguchi and Full Factorial Experimental Design to Model the Color Yield of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Six Selected Direct Dyes." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the modeling of the color yield (Fk) of 100% cotton fabric dyed with six selected direct dyes (two from each groups of A, B and C) using Taguchi and factorial experimental designs as well as a response surface regression method. The factors chosen were dye concentration, electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, temperature and time of dying. To conduct the tests using the Taguchi approach, two levels were chosen for each factor. After obtaining the data (Fk), the significant factors were determined by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the level of significant factors was increased from two to three and the supplementary tests were carried out using full factorial design. ANOVA was applied again and, finally, the initial response surface regression model was produced considering the significant factors. After verifying the validity of the initial models, the BOX-COX transformation was implemented until the models achieved validity.
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Medeiros, Robson Luis Silva de, Vênia Camelo de Souza, Leandro de Araújo, Miguel Avelino Barbosa Neto, Gilvaneide Alves de Azerêdo, and Alex da Silva Barbosa. "Temperatures and substrates on the germination and vigor of seeds of Pilosocereus catingicola subsp. salvadorensis in the Caatinga biome of Paraíba." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 21, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811712142022531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Caatinga biome is presented in the vegetation where the Brazilian semiarid region predominates, with a great variety of native species, and facheiro is one of the most important species because of its wide range in the semiarid region in northeastern Brazil. Therefore, the knowledge of the germinative behavior of the Caatinga species is essential to subsidize conservationist actions in this ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and substrate on the germination and vigor of facheiro’s seeds. These seeds were obtained from ripe fruits collected in three localities of the Agreste of Paraíba: Arara, Bananeiras, and Boa Vista. After extraction, the seeds were placed to dry on paper for one week in a laboratory environment. Subsequently, the experiment was started by testing four temperatures: 20, 25, 30, and 20-30 °C. The germination test was conducted with four replications of 50 seeds distributed in “gerbox” boxes and placed in bio-oxygen demand (BOD) chambers using as a substrate the germitest paper, with a photoperiod of 12 hours. The statistical design was randomized in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement (3 localities and 4 temperatures). A significant effect was observed for populations and substrates. The best substrate for germination was the germitest, while the substrate vermiculite presented a good performance, and the substrate soil presented low germination. Therefore, seeds presented the best vigor in the germitest paper, mainly with a temperature of 25 °C where the best performance for all localities was found. The vigor of seeds in the localities of Bananeiras and Boa Vista, temperatures of 25, 30, and 20-30 °C, and substrate germitest paper provided the highest vigor. The germitest substrate is the recommended substrate for the germination of the species, maximizing its physiological potential and being able to accelerate conservation projects for the species.
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Holmén, Johan, Tom Adawi, and John Holmberg. "Student-led sustainability transformations: employing realist evaluation to open the black box of learning in a Challenge Lab curriculum." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 22, no. 8 (February 8, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-06-2020-0230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose While sustainability-oriented education is increasingly placing importance on engaging students in inter- and transdisciplinary learning processes with societal actors and authentic challenges in the centre, little research attends to how and what students learn in such educational initiatives. This paper aims to address this by opening the “black box” of learning in a Challenge Lab curriculum with transformational sustainability ambitions. Design/methodology/approach Realist evaluation was used as an analytical frame that takes social context into account to unpack learning mechanisms and associated learning outcomes. A socio-cultural perspective on learning was adopted, and ethnographic methods, including interviews and observations, were used. Findings Three context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations were identified, capturing what students placed value and emphasis on when developing capabilities for leading sustainability transformations: engaging with complex “in-between” sustainability challenges in society with stakeholders across sectors and perspectives; navigating purposeful and transformative change via backcasting; and “whole-person” learning from the inside-out as an identity-shaping process, guided by personal values. Practical implications The findings of this paper can inform the design, development, evaluation and comparison of similar educational initiatives across institutions, while leaving room for contextual negotiation and adjustment. Originality/value This paper delineates and discusses important learning mechanisms and outcomes when students act as co-creators of knowledge in a sustainability-oriented educational initiative, working with authentic challenges together with societal actors.
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Almeida, Carolina Ribeiro de, Helenita De Jesus De Sousa, and Irene Mauricio Cazorla. "Letramento estatístico na Educação Básica: os desafios de ensinar o diagrama da caixa (box-plot) em contextoStatistical literacy in Basic Education: the challenges of teaching an in-context box-plot diagram." Educação Matemática Pesquisa : Revista do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática 23, no. 1 (April 11, 2021): 499–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1983-3156.2021v23i1p499-529.
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ResumoEste artigo tem por objetivo analisar e refletir sobre os resultados da implementação de uma sequência de ensino de estatística envolvendo variáveis quantitativas e o papel dos registros de representação na transnumeração dos dados brutos no diagrama da caixa (box-plot). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo do tipo qualitativa descritiva, percorrendo, como metodologia, as fases do ciclo investigativo, em que participaram 31 estudantes do ensino médio que analisaram seus dados sobre relação entre hábitos de estudos e desempenho na disciplina de matemática. Como resultados, verificou-se a complexidade de trabalhar variáveis quantitativas e a construção do diagrama da caixa com dados reais em sala de aula e que as estratégias adotadas contribuíram para a compreensão dos dados e conceitos estatísticos em contexto. Além disso, verificou-se que a metodologia adotada propiciou o engajamento dos estudantes na atividade, a tomada de consciência dos fatores que interferem no rendimento escolar, a importância de hábitos adequados e a frequência de estudo para o aprendizado.Palavras-chave: Educação estatística, Sequência de ensino, Diagrama da caixa (box-plot), Registros de representação, transnumeração.AbstractThis paper analyses and reflects on the results of the implementation of a teaching sequence in statistics involving quantitative variables and the role of representation records in the transnumeration of raw data in the box-plot. It is a descriptive qualitative field research, covering, as a methodology, the stages of the investigative cycle, in which 31 high school students participated. These students analysed their data on the relationship between study habits and performance in the course of mathematics. As a result, it was possible to verify the complexity of working with quantitative variables, and the complexity of constructing the box-plot with real data in the classroom. The strategies adopted contributed to the understanding of data and statistical concepts in context. Furthermore, the study revealed that the methodology adopted led students to engage in the activity, raised awareness on the factors that interfere with school performance, the importance of proper habits, and the frequency of study for learning.Keywords: Statistical education, Teaching sequence, Box-Plot, Representation records, Transnumeration.ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y reflexionar sobre los resultados de la implementación de una secuencia didáctica en estadística, que involucra variables cuantitativas y el papel de los registros de representación en la transnumeración de datos brutos en el diagrama de cajas (box-plot). Se trata de una investigación de campo cualitativa descriptiva, que abarca, como metodología, las fases del ciclo investigativo, en que participaron 31 estudiantes de secundaria, quienes analizaron sus datos sobre la relación entre hábitos de estudio y desempeño en la disciplina de matemática. Como resultado, se verificó la complejidad del trabajo con variables cuantitativas y la construcción del diagrama de caja con datos reales en el aula y que las estrategias adoptadas contribuyeron a la comprensión de los datos y conceptos estadísticos en contexto. Además, se encontró que la metodología adoptada propició el compromiso de los estudiantes en la actividad, la conciencia de los factores que interfieren en el desempeño escolar, la importancia de hábitos adecuados y frecuencia de estudio para el aprendizaje.Palabras clave: Educación estadística, Secuencia de enseñanza, Diagrama de caja, Registros de representación, Transnumeración.
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Reddy, Moola Mohan, Alexander Gorin, and Khaled A. Abou El Hossein. "Surface Roughness Prediction in End Milling of Machinable Glass Ceramic and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the prediction of a statistically analyzed model for the surface roughness,R_a of end-milled Machinable glass ceramic (MGC). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to construct the models based on 3-factorial Box-Behnken Design (BBD). It is found that cutting speed is the most significant factor contributing to the surface roughness value followed by the depth of cut and feed rate. The surface roughness value decreases for higher cutting speed along with lower feed and depth of cut. Additionally, the process optimization has also been done in terms of material removal rate (MRR) to the model’s response. Ideal combinations of machining parameters are then suggested for common goal to achieve lower surface roughness value and higher MRR.
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Fang, Sheng En, and Ricardo Perera. "A Metamodel Based Damage Identification Method." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A metamodel can be represented by the forms of mathematical equations (response surface models) or neural networks (black-box models) in the interest of correlating the inputs (parameters) with the outputs (responses) of a physical system. In view of little relevant research, this paper attempts to use response surface models as surrogates for FE models due to the provision of explicit equations and easy implementation in the aspect of modeling updating. Metamodeling is achieved by using the design of experiment involving the 2k factorial design and the central composite design for parameter screening and structural input-response modeling respectively. The feasibility of the proposed method has been demonstrated using a numerical beam example which proves the satisfactory performance of employing such metamodels in model updating based damage identification.
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Panja, Palash, and Milind Deo. "Factors That Control Condensate Production From Shales: Surrogate Reservoir Models and Uncertainty Analysis." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, no. 01 (December 31, 2015): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179720-pa.
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Summary Rapid development of shales for the production of oils and condensates may not be permitting adequate analysis of the important factors governing recovery. Understanding the performance of shales or tight oil reservoirs producing condensates requires numerically extensive compositional simulations. The purpose of this study is to identify important factors that control production of condensates from low-permeability plays and to develop analytical “surrogate” models suitable for Monte Carlo analysis. In this study, the surrogate reservoir models were second-order response surfaces functionally dependent on the nine main factors that most affect condensate recovery in ultralow-permeability reservoirs. The models were developed by regressing the results of experimentally designed compositional simulations. The Box-Behnken (Box and Behnken 1960) technique, a partial-factorial method, was used for design of these experiments or simulations. The main factors that controlled condensate recovery from ultralow-permeability reservoirs were reservoir permeability, rock compressibility, initial condensate/gas ratio (CGR), initial reservoir pressure, and fracture spacing. Another main outcome of this paper was the generation of probability-density functions, and P10, P50, and P90 values for condensate recovery on the basis of the uncertainty in input parameters. The condensate-recovery P50 for rate-based outcome of a 5-B/D per fracture was found to be less than 10%.
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G Chothani, Hardik, and Kalpesh D Maniya. "Comparative Investigation of Worm Positions for Worm Gear-box Performance under No-Load Condition." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v18i2.14967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Worm Gear drive is a gear arrangement where the worm shaft meshes with a worm wheel (gear). The worm shaft plays an important role in reduction ratio & efficiency. This worm shaft can be used at the top and the bottom in the gearbox. This technical research paper provides a comprehensive comparative evaluation of Input torque analysis & heating rate of lubricant inside the gearbox for two positions of the worm shaft in the worm gearbox under no-load condition. Worm shaft at the top and worm shaft at the bottom were assessed at variable speed (1000-1400 rpm), the different splashed volume of lubricant (1.5-2.7 liter), and variable temperature of lubricant (30-50 ºC). Input torque was measured with the help of a direct torque measurement technique. Similarly, the heating rate of the lubricant was also measured with a temperature sensor for both orientations of the worm shaft. Full factorial experiments were performed on a specially designed and fabricated worm gear test rig. The experiments showed that the input torque requirement for the worm at the bottom position is 20 -25% higher than the worm at the top position at an average speed. The heating rate remains almost the same for both orientations. This study aimed to find the suitable orientation of the worm shaft which reduces the power losses and increases efficiency.
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Mvubu, Mlando, Asis Patnaik, and Rajesh D. Anandjiwala. "Process Parameters Optimization of Needle-punched Nonwovens for Sound Absorption Application." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 4 (December 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000415.
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This paper reports a study on the optimization of process parameters of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics for achieving maximum sound absorption by employing a Box-Behnken factorial design. The influence of fiber type, depth of needle penetration, and stroke frequency on sound absorption properties were studied. These parameters were varied at three levels during experimental trials. From multiple regression analysis, it was observed that the depth of needle penetration alone was the most dominant factor among the selected parameters, which was followed by the interaction between depth of needle penetration and stroke frequency. Fiber type was the least dominant parameter affecting sound absorption. A maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.47 was obtained from the selected parameters. The results showed that for a process such as needle-punching, which is influenced by multiple variables, it is worthwhile to study the interactive effects of process parameters for achieving optimum sound absorption.
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Liu, Yun, Quanxing Liu, Guofu Yin, and Xiaofeng Luo. "Research on the Operational Modal Prediction of Dry Gas Seal System Based on Response Surface Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2101, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2101/1/012040.
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Abstract The cross power spectrum function is used to realize the operational modal analysis and identification of the dry gas seal device system through the multi-reference point least squares complex frequency domain method. The steady state diagram and mathematical indicators MAC, MPD, MPC, MOV and MIF are used to verify the modal results. At the same time, based on the response surface method, with two different operating conditions of medium pressure and rotating speed, modal direction and modal order as the response surface variables, a time-varying modal recognition model is established. Through the Full Factorial experiment design, Box-Behnken experiment design and Central Composite experiment design, the suitable variable sample points are formed. A complete quadratic polynomial response surface model of the system operational modal parameters is established. The complex correlation coefficient, the modified complex correlation coefficient and the root mean square error are used to verify the effectiveness of the response surface model. It provides new method and technical support for realizing time-varying modal identification in this paper.
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Lønholdt, J., P. Elberg Jørgensen, and D. O'Hearn. "Setting-up a cost recovery system for the largest wastewater treatment plant in south-east Asia." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A tariff system has been set up for the largest wastewater treatment plant in South-East Asia, the Samut Prakarn Wastewater Treatment Plant south of Bangkok, which is currently under completion. Fully functional the plant will have a design capacity for 500,000m3 per day and will service a combined residential and industrial area with approximately 600,000 residents and 2,300 factories. The tariff system, which includes a tariff model, is based on water consumption and BOD load. As background for setting the tariffs a comprehensive monitoring system including an industrial permitting system has been developed. The paper presents the background and rationale for setting up the system as well as the objective, scope and content of the tariff system and the industrial permit system. Further, the feasibility of introducing cost recovery systems, which is widely accepted in developing economies on the conceptual level and to some extent implemented at the legal and regulatory level, but has yet to be implemented at large, is discussed.
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Cunha, Marina, José Pinto Gouveia, and Catarina Morgado. "Versão portuguesa da escala de auto-avaliação retrospectiva da inibição comportamental: Estudo psicométrico da RSRI numa amostra de adolescentes da comunidade." PSICOLOGIA 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v24i1.298.
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O conceito de inibição comportamental é definido como uma apreensão ou reserva consistente na forma de responder a estímulos sociais ou não-sociais novos e não familiares. Dada a inequívoca importância da avaliação da inibição comportamental na infância e de uma melhor compreensão do seu papel no desenvolvimento da psicopatologia, Reznick e colaboradores desenvolveram a escala Retrospective Self-Report Inhibition (RSRI) formada por 30 itens que procuram avaliar, retrospectivamente, o grau de inibição comportamental do sujeito durante a infância (entre o 1º e 6º ano de escolaridade). O objectivo deste artigo é confirmar as qualidades psicométricas da RSRI aplicada a uma população portuguesa e investigar a utilidade deste instrumento enquanto medida da inibição comportamental expressa na infância. O primeiro estudo, realizado numa amostra de adolescentes (n=296), entre os 12 e os 18 anos, revelou a RSRI possuir uma boa consistência interna e uma estrutura factorial idêntica à versão original, mantendo-se a evidência de dois factores: medos/doenças, respeitante a situações relacionadas com medos, em geral, e queixas somáticas; e escola/situações sociais, que engloba os itens relacionados com medos em contexto escolar e em diversas situações sociais. No segundo estudo, recorrendo a grupos clínicos e de controlo (Grupo de jovens com Perturbação de Ansiedade Social (n=76), Outras Perturbações Ansiosas (n=28) e Sem qualquer Psicopatologia (n=76) procurou-se analisar a capacidade discriminativa da escala e suas dimensões. Os resultados evidenciaram a utilidade bidimensional do construto de inibição comportamental, tal como é avaliado pela RSRI, mostrando a dimensão de medos sociais mais poder discriminativo que a dimensão de medos não-sociais. São apontadas sugestões para futuros estudos que reforcem a robustez de dados encontrados e contribuam para a utilidade desta escala na investigação clínica em adolescentes portugueses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v24i1.298
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André Prates, Pedro, Armando Eusébio Marques, Micael Frias Borges, Ricardo Madeira Branco, and Fernando Ventura Antunes. "Numerical Study on the Variability of Plastic CTOD." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061276.
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This paper presents a numerical study on the influence of material parameters and loading variability in the plastic crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) results. For this purpose, AA7050-T6 was selected as reference material and a middle-cracked tension specimen geometry was considered. The studied input parameters were the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, isotropic and kinematic hardening parameters and the maximum and minimum applied loads. The variability of the input parameters follows a Gaussian distribution. First, screening design-of-experiments were performed to identify the most influential parameters. Two types of screening designs were considered: one-factor-at-a-time and fractional factorial designs. Three analysis criteria were adopted, based on: main effect, index of influence and analysis of variance. Afterwards, metamodels were constructed to establish relationships between the most influential parameters and the plastic crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) range, based on two types of designs: Face-Centered Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken design. Finally, the metamodels were validated, enabling the expeditious evaluation of the variability in the plastic CTOD range; in addition, the variability in the fatigue crack growth rate was also evaluated.
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Arinkoola, Akeem O., and David O. Ogbe. "Examination of Experimental Designs and Response Surface Methods for Uncertainty Analysis of Production Forecast: A Niger Delta Case Study." Journal of Petroleum Engineering 2015 (March 25, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/714541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this paper is to examine various DoE methods for uncertainty quantification of production forecast during reservoir management. Considering all uncertainties for analysis can be time consuming and expensive. Uncertainty screening using experimental design methods helps reducing number of parameters to manageable sizes. However, adoption of various methods is more often based on experimenter discretions or company practices. This is mostly done with no or little attention been paid to the risks associated with decisions that emanated from that exercise. The consequence is the underperformance of the project when compared with the actual value of the project. This study presents the analysis of the three families of designs used for screening and four DoE methods used for response surface modeling during uncertainty analysis. The screening methods (sensitivity by one factor at-a-time, fractional experiment, and Plackett-Burman design) were critically examined and analyzed using numerical flow simulation. The modeling methods (Box-Behnken, central composite, D-optima, and full factorial) were programmed and analyzed for capabilities to reproduce actual forecast figures. The best method was selected for the case study and recommendations were made as to the best practice in selecting various DoE methods for similar applications.
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Oyekunle, F. A., and Khaled Abou-El-Hossein. "Effects of Cutting Fluids on Surface Roughness in Single-Point Diamond Turning of Rapidly Solidified Aluminium (RSA 431)." Key Engineering Materials 853 (July 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.853.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Single-point diamond turning is a technique of ultra-high precision machining that provides excellent quality of surface for mirrors, spherical and aspherical components. In SPDT just like other machining processes, cutting fluid plays an important role in metal removal and tool condition which largely influence the surface of diamond turned surface. In this paper, the surface roughness of diamond turned RSA 431 was studied by investigating the effect of kerosene mist and water as cutting fluids. Higher order response surface of Box-Behnken design was generated using fewer runs than a normal factorial technique. The cutting parameters that were varied for both experiments were depth of cut, feed and, speed. Taylor Hobson PGI Dimension XL surface Profilometer was used to measure the surface roughness after each experimental run. The results show that water when used as cutting fluid during machining, produces better surface roughness than kerosene mist. Predictive models for surface roughness were developed for each experiment. Values from the Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) was used to evaluate and compare the two models to determine the accuracy. RSM also proved to be a better methodology of predicting surface roughness.
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Barisic, Branimir, Miljenko Dino Math, and Branko Grizelj. "Analytic, Numerical, and Stochastic Comparison of Forming Force Modeling at Deep Drawing and Backward Extrusion on the Same Al 99.5 F7 Parts." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to determine the forming force in deep drawing and backward extrusion processes (on Al 99.5F7 specimens) the analytical, numerical and stochastic modeling and analysis of forming force on the basis of the Box-Wilson’s multi factorial experimental designs by use of rotatable experimental design were carried out. The goal of the paper is to predict the force in these different forming processes giving identical parts by means of different modeling approaches. This study will seek to compare the results of these modeling solutions with experimental results serving to check the correction and the verification of analytic, stochastic and numerically obtained results. Also, the scope of the present paper is to evaluate different parameters affecting these processes and to examine some experimental procedures in laboratory scale for the listed material in order to give more useful information in numerical and stochastic computations and also, to define the correlation among the parameters of these processes in order to improve the existing one and to raise it to a higher techno economic level. The increasing tendency for industrial parts cost reduction, quality improvement, materials savings, and the shortening of design and manufacturing time is more focused on this way of analysis of processes. These investigations are a basis for general conclusions about the forming force and they have a direct application in the projecting of these processes, tools and forming systems.
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Poggi-Varaldo, H. M., J. Trejo-Espino, G. Fernández-Villagómez, F. Esparza-García, S. Caffarel-Méndez, and N. Rinderknecht-Seijas. "Quality of Anaerobic Compost from Paper Mill and Municipal Solid Wastes for Soil Amendment." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our previous work has shown the technical and economic feasibility of the solid substrate anaerobic digestion (DASS) of municipal and non-hazardous industrial solid wastes. However, the anaerobic compost (AnC) quality for direct application as a soil amender or other alternative uses are issues that have received scarce attention. This research aimed at reviewing the advances made by our Group in two areas: anaerobic compost quality determination, and its post-treatment by aerobic composting. A factorial experiment 4×2×2 was run. The factors were feedstock type (4 mixtures of food waste, FW, and lignocellulosic fraction, LG: 100%FW, 67%FW-33%LG, 33%FW-67%LG and 100%LG or FS1, FS2, FS3 and FS4 respectively), temperature (35°C and 55°C), and mass retention time (MRT, 16 and 23 days). The LG fraction consisted of paper mill sludge cake. Anaerobic compost from DASS reactors operated at 23 day/35°C) was fed to lab scale semi-continuous aerobic composters (5 day and 10 day MRT, 35°C and 55°C). The AnC coming from feedstocks with increasing proportion of LG fraction (FS3 and FS4) gave the lowest chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), volatile organic acids (VOA) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the extract and the highest germination indices (GI). The AnC from thermo- digesters showed a lower quality than those from mesophilic reactors (presumably associated to higher contents of VOA and TAN in the extracts), while AnC from digesters at 23 day-MRT had a better quality than those from reactors operated at 16-day-MRT. Overall, AnC generated in reactors fed with FS3 and FS4, at 35°C and 23 day-MRT showed the highest quality. Heavy metal concentrations in all the AnC were lower than the maximum levels indicated in USA and European compost quality standards. However, high total oxygen uptake (UAD), moderate-to-high concentrations of VOA and GIs under 60% indicated that the AnC was not suitable for direct use as a soil improver. Regarding the aerobic post-composting, operation at longer MRT (10 day) and 55°C gave aerobic composts of better quality than those coming from 5 day-MRT composters. Aerobic post-composting caused considerable reductions of TAN, VOA, UAD, immediate oxygen demand rate, and increased compost GI up to approximately 100%.
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Lan Le, Phuong. "How microeconomic factors influence Vietnam’s listed manufacturing firm value." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 20, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(2).2023.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is meaningful to identify and quantify the impact of business microeconomic factors on firm value, not only for enterprises, but also for the industry, which contributes to the economic growth of the whole country. This paper aims to find evidence of how microeconomic factors relate to the value of manufacturing firms, helping businesses behave and adjust towards the goal of value maximization. This study applies three commonly used estimators with panel data, namely OLS, FEM and REM, using data obtained from FiinPro (a data providing company) and Vietstock on 691 companies listed on Vietnam’s two stock exchanges from 2008 to 2015; This was a sensitive period of world financial crisis, and Vietnamese manufacturing firms had a really hard time to overcome the difficulty in a global economy downturn. This paper found that (1) firm size, growth opportunities and financial leverage negatively affect firm value; (2) there is no evidence that operating cash flow, cash liquidity and intellectual capital affect firm value; (3) the estimation results confirm the non-linear relationship (order 3) between the directors’ share ownership ratio and corporate value; (4) state ownership and foreign ownership ratios have a negative effect on Vietnamese listed manufacturing firms during the period, but (5) there is no optimal number of BOD members. The findings help to measure the extent of the positive and negative impact of various factors, making it easier to find solutions to improve business value by promoting positive factors and preventing negative factors.
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Nóbrega, Jackson Silva, Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo, Toshik Iarley da Silva, João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro, Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima, Jean Telvio Andrade Ferreira, Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque, Thiago Jardelino Dias, and Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno. "Salinidade da água e ácido salicílico no crescimento de plantas de tomate." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): e41210716630. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in Brazilian market. The production of this vegetable can be limited by the excess of salts in the water used for irrigation. The use of phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), is used to minimize the negative effects of excess salts on plants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the attenuating effect of salicylic acid on tomato plants growth irrigated with saline water. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in an incomplete factorial scheme 5 (SA doses: 0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM) x 5 (electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw: 0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6 dS m-1), combined according to the experimental matrix Central Compound of Box, with four replicates and two plants per experimental plot. Growth evaluations were performed 45 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, absolute and relative growth rate for plant height, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson's quality index, leaf area, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight were evaluated. The tomato plants growth was reduced by the increase in ECw. Salicylic acid, applied exogenously up to 2.0 mM, did not promote attenuating effect of salinity on tomato plants.
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Dias-Trindade, Sara, José António Moreira, and Catarina S. Nunes. "Escala de autoavaliação de competências digitais de professores. Procedimentos de construção e validação." Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia 12, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3652.12.2.152-171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo que descreve os procedimentos de construção de uma escala de autoavaliação de competências digitais de professores e as suas qualidades psicométricas. Depois de algumas considerações sobre o construto e a sua operacionalização, efetuou-se a análise dos procedimentos da sua construção, realizou-se a análise de consistência interna através do cálculo do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e a análise da validade do construto (análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória). Para além de bons indicadores de validade, globalmente, as medidas aplicadas caracterizam-se por uma fidelidade boa e estruturas fatoriais interpretáveis.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: escala de autoavaliação; competências digitais docentes; fluência digital.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a study that describes the procedures for the construction of a self-assessment scale of teachers' digital competences and their psychometric qualities. After some considerations about the construct and its operationalization, the procedures of its construction were analysed, the internal consistency analysis was carried out through the calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the analysis of the construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis). In addition to good indicators of validity, overall, the applied measures are characterized by a good fidelity and interpretable factorial structures.
KEYWORDS: self-evaluation scale; teachers' digital competences; digital fluency.
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Ozis, Fethiye, Shannon Lynn Isovitsch Parks, Deborah Lynne Sills, Mustafa Akca, and Christine Kirby. "Teaching sustainability: does style matter?" International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 23, no. 8 (May 31, 2022): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-09-2021-0392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to analyze how a tangram activity improved students’ abilities to explain sustainability, articulate a positive perception of sustainable design and relate sustainability with innovation in engineering design. Design/methodology/approach The concept of paradigm shift was introduced in the classroom by using a tangram activity to help students understand that sustainable design requires out-of-the-box thinking. Instructors from three institutions teaching various levels of sustainability courses to engineering majors used the activity to introduce sustainable design, then measured the understanding and appreciation of the concepts introduced through the tangram activity with pre- and post-activity surveys. Findings Findings from the study indicate that students’ perceptions of sustainability significantly improved due to the activity, without regard to the institution. The activity also significantly improved students understanding of the connection between sustainability and innovation, across all three institutions, across all majors and across all years of study except second-year students. Improving engineering students’ views on sustainability may lead, over time, to changes in the industry, in which environmental performance is incorporated into the engineering design process. Originality/value Active learning approaches are needed for affective-domain learning objectives in the sustainability field for students to learn the necessary attitudes, values and motivations to implement sustainability in engineering design. Simple, easily implemented active learning techniques, such as the tangram activity presented here, can be implemented across the curriculum or to the public to introduce the paradigm shift necessary with sustainable design.
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Nariman, Nazim Abdul, Khader Hamdia, Ayad Mohammad Ramadan, and Hamed Sadaghian. "Optimum Design of Flexural Strength and Stiffness for Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 8762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, an optimization approach was presented for the flexural strength and stiffness design of reinforced concrete beams. Surrogate modeling based on machine learning was applied to predict the responses of the structural system in three-point flexure tests. Three design input variables, the area of steel bars in the compression zone, the area of steel bars in the tension zone, and the area of steel bars in the shear zone, were adopted for the dataset and arranged by the Box-Behnken design method. The dataset was composed of thirteen specimens of reinforced concrete beams. The specimens were tested under three-points flexure loading at the age of 28 days and both the failure load and the maximum deflection values were recorded. Compression and tension tests were conducted to obtain the concrete data for the analysis and numerical modeling. Afterward, finite element modeling was performed for all the specimens using the ATENA program to verify the experimental tests. Subsequently, the surrogate models for the flexural strength and the stiffness were constructed. Finally, optimization was conducted supporting on the factorial method for the predicted responses. The adopted approach proved to be an excellent tool to optimize the design of reinforced concrete beams for flexure and stiffness. In addition, experimental and numerical results were in very good agreement in terms of both the failure type and the cracking pattern.
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Kasagić, Irena, Anđelija Malenović, Marko Jovanović, Tijana Rakić, Biljana Jančić Stojanović, and Darko Ivanović. "Chemometrically assissted optimization and validation of RP-HPLC method for the analysis of itraconazole and its impurities." Acta Pharmaceutica 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2013-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the chemometrically assisted optimization and validation of the RP-HPLC method intended for the quantitative analysis of itraconazole and its impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms. To reach the desired chromatographic resolution with a limited number of experiments in a minimum amount of time, Box- -Behnken design was used to simultaneously optimize some important chromatographic parameters, such as the acetonitrile content in the mobile phase, pH of the aqueous phase and the column temperature. Separation between itraconazole and impurity F was identified as critical and selected as a response during the optimization. The set optimal mobile phase composition was acetonitrile/ water pH 2.5 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid (50:50, V/V). Separations were performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18, 4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm particle size column with the flow rate 1 mL min-1, column temperature set at 30 °C and UV detection at 256 nm. The established method was then subjected to method validation and the required validation parameters were tested. For the robustness evaluation, fractional factorial 24-1 design was utilized and factors that might significantly affect the system performance were defined. As other validation parameters were also found to be suitable, the possibility to apply the proposed method for the determination of itraconazole, its impurities B and F in any laboratory under different circumstances has been proven.
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Volkova, Nadezhda I., Viktor S. Naumov, Andrey E. Plastinin, and Vasily N. Zakharov. "Estimation of various factors impact on the area of oil patches in the Middle Volga region." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2019-27-4-325-336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper estimates the impact of various factors on the oil pollution area for the purpose of solving the problems concerning forecasting during oil spills from the inland waterways vessels (on the example of the Middle Volga region). The following factors were considered: current velocity, air temperature, water temperature, volume and type of spilled oil product, wave height, river bank tortuosity, wind speed and wind direction, bank type, river width. A fractional two-level factorial plan of Box and Hunter has been developed aiming to test the significance of the studied factors. Mathematical modeling of a group of oil spill scenarios in the Middle Volga region has been carried out. It has been revealed that the volume of the spilled oil product, the wave height and the river bank tortuosity impact the oil patch area to a large extent. Based on the results obtained, the authors suggest the order for ranking factors into four groups according to the degree of impact on the oil patch area, depending on the specified effect quantity: extremely significant, especially significant, highly significant and moderately significant. The research results have been applied in the working out of more than 30 object plans for the prevention and elimination of oil spills of organizations engaged in oil transportation and handling, vessel bunkering in the Middle Volga region, as well as the plan for oil spill prevention and elimination in the Volga basin of inland waterways.
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Bandiera, Nataly Simões, Samera Rafaela Bruzaroski, Raúl Jorge Hérnan Castro Gomez, Elsa Helena Walter de Santana, Cínthia Hoch Batista de Souza, Caio Casale Aragon, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, and Lina Casale Aragon-Alegro. "Probiotic powder: Optimization of the process parameters and influence of the drying method." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 16 (December 16, 2021): e420101623796. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research paper aimed to optimize the process parameters and to select the most suitable drying method in order to obtain probiotic powder at reduced cost. The influence of the addition of growth promoters (glucose, sucrose, cheese whey, peptone, yeast extract or ammonium sulfate), incubation parameters (time and temperature) and drying method (freeze-drying or oven-drying) on the viability of the probiotic cultures Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus acidophilus was evaluated. The effect of the growth promoters was evaluated using a fractional factorial experimental design 26-4 and the concentration of the growth promoters and the incubation temperature were optimized through Box-Behnken experimental matrix (33). Cheese whey (16% w/v) plus ammonium sulfate (2.5% w/v) and cheese whey (12% w/v) plus yeast extract (7% w/v) promoted a higher multiplication of L. casei and L. acidophilus, respectively. The best temperature for L. casei was 35 ºC and for L. acidophilus 39 ºC, without influence of the incubation time (24 or 48 h). The oven-drying resulted in the highest populations of the probiotic cultures (above 9 log cfu/mL). This study proved that cheese whey can be a suitable growth promoter for both probiotic cultures and oven-drying could be the drying method, which can decrease the production costs. The influence of the temperature and growth promoters is strain specific, demonstrating that the growth conditions should be evaluated for each probiotic strain.
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Mahessar, Ali Asghar, Sardar Ali Shah, Rehana Anjum, and Ghulam Murtaza Arain. "Legal Framework to Control at Disposal Point Source Urban and Industrial Effluents of Hyderabad City into Pinyari (Old Phulleli) Canal off-taking from Kotri Barrage, Sindh." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v13i2.24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pinyari (old Phulleli) canal off-takes from left bank of Kotri barrage is last Hydraulic structure on Indus river. This canal is passing from periphery of Hyderabad city and its design discharge is 13,636 cusecs which supplies fresh water not only for agricultural, industrial purpose and drinking purpose for the several towns and villages because groundwater in its command area is highly saline and not drinkable. The cottage factories and Hyderabad industrial area are located on nearby banks of canal. Hence, effluents from city and industrial SITE area are directly disposed off into the canal. The disposal of untreated wastewater created health and environmental safety problem. This paper presents that the analyzed results of water quality parameter ie pH, TDS, EC, Na, hardness, K, Mg, Mn, DO and BOD of collacted samples exhibit TDS 6%, K 20%, DO 67% and BOD 54%, respectively exceeded permissible limit. While pH, Na, hardness and Mn found within prescribed limits. Total coliform /E.coli (MPN/100ml) were found positive. Furthermore, the result of Water Quality Index (WQI) model reveals that water quality of canal of collected samples varies from excellent to very poor that reveals canal water is unsuitable for drinking purpose and aquatic life and also causes various waterborne diseases. Therefore, the local people are facing serious health problem by consuming water canal. With an attempt to ensure enforcement of environmental water laws in Sindh province of Pakistan for preventing degrading clean water. These environmental water laws have already been framed, but due to lake of enforcement, water pollution problems are increasing day by day. The enforcement of environmental water laws are very essential to control water pollution for safety of human health, and ecology in Sindh, Pakistan.
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Wang, Chia-Nan, Thanh-Tuan Dang, and Ngoc-Ai-Thy Nguyen. "A Computational Model for Determining Levels of Factors in Inventory Management Using Response Surface Methodology." Mathematics 8, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8081210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inventory management plays a critical role in balancing supply availability with customer requirements and significantly contributes to the performance of the whole supply chain. It involves many different features, such as controlling and managing purchases from suppliers to consumers, keeping safety stock, examining the amount of product for sale, and order fulfillment. This paper involves the development of computational modeling for the inventory control problem in Thailand. The problem focuses on determining levels of factors, which are order quantity, reorder point, target stock, and inventory review policy, using a heuristic approach. The objective is to determine the best levels of factors that are significantly affected by their responses to optimize them using the response surface methodology. Values of the quantity of backlog and the average inventory amount, as well as their corresponding total costs, are simulated using the Arena software to gain statistical power. Then, the Minitab-response surface methodology is used to find the feasible solutions of the responses, which consist of test power and sample size, full factorial design, and Box–Behnken design. For a numerical example, the computational model is tested with real data to show the efficacy of the model. The result suggests that the effects from the reorder point, target stock, and inventory review policy are significant to the minimum total cost if their levels are set appropriately. The managerial implications of this model’s results not only suggest the best levels of factors for a case study of the leading air compressor manufacturers in Thailand, but also provide a guideline for decision-makers to satisfy customer demand at the minimum possible total inventory cost. Therefore, this paper can be a useful reference for warehouse supervisors, managers, and policymakers to determine the best levels of factors to improve warehouse performance.
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Cotabarren, Ivana, Camila Andrea Palla, Caroline Taylor McCue, and Anastasios John Hart. "An assessment of the dimensional accuracy and geometry-resolution limit of desktop stereolithography using response surface methodology." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 7 (August 12, 2019): 1169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2019-0060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to apply a robust methodology to establish relationships between user-configurable process parameters of commercial desktop stereolithography (SLA) printers and dimensional accuracy of a custom-designed test artifact. Design/methodology/approach A detailed response surface methodology study, Box–Behnken incomplete factorial design of four factors with three levels, was carried out to evaluate process performance of desktop SLA printers. The selected factors were as follows: printing orientation angle in x-direction, printing orientation angle in y-direction, position on build platform in spatial x-coordinate, position on build tray in spatial y-coordinate and layer thickness. The proposed artifact was designed to include 12 feature groups including thin walls, holes, bosses, bridges and overhangs. Two responses were associated with the features: the dimensional deviation according to the designed value and the minimum feature size. Findings Layer thickness was the most significant factor in 70% of the analyzed responses. For example, measurement deviation was reduced about 90% when cylindrical holes were printed with the lowest layer thickness. Further, in many cases, dimensional deviation was minimized for features at the center of the platform, where the beam cures the resin in a straight line. However, at distant positions, accuracy could be improved by compensating for beam deviation by changing the object orientation angle. Originality/value The findings of this study can serve, both generally and specifically, for SLA designers and engineers who wish to optimize printing process variables and feature location to achieve high-dimensional accuracy and further understand the many coupled considerations among part design, build configuration and process performance.
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Muntean, Simona Gabriela, Liliana Halip, Maria Andreea Nistor, and Cornelia Păcurariu. "Removal of Metal Ions via Adsorption Using Carbon Magnetic Nanocomposites: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies." Magnetochemistry 9, no. 7 (June 24, 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9070163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The toxicity of metal ions on ecosystems has led to increasing amounts of research on their removal from wastewater. This paper presents the efficient application of a carbon magnetic nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the elimination of metal ions (copper, lead and zinc) from aqueous solutions. A Box–Behnken factorial design combined with the response surface methodology was conducted to investigate the effect and interactions of three variables on the pollutant removal process. Highly significant (p < 0.001) polynomial models were developed for each metal ion: the correlation coefficient was 0.99 for Cu(II) and Pb(II), and 0.96 for Zn(II) ion removal. The experimental data were in agreement and close to the theoretical results, which supports the applicability of the method. Working at the natural pH of the solutions, with a quantity of carbon magnetic nanocomposite of 1 g/L and a metal ions’ concentration of 10 mg/L, for 240 min, removal efficiencies greater than 75% were obtained. The kinetic study indicated that a combination of kinetic models pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion were applied appropriately for copper, lead and zinc ion adsorption on carbon magnetic nanocomposite. The maximum adsorption capacities determined from the Langmuir isotherm model were 81.36, 83.54 and 57.11 mg/g for copper, lead and zinc ions. The average removal efficiency for five adsorption–desorption cycles was 82.21% for Cu(II), 84.50% for Pb(II) and 72.68% for Zn(II). The high adsorption capacities of metal ions, in a short time, as well as the easy separation of the nanocomposite from the solution, support the applicability of the magnetic carbon nanocomposite for wastewater treatment.
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Reis, Rodrigo de Góes Esperon, Humberto Pereira da Silva, José Maria Gomes Neves, and Renato Mendes Guimarães. "Physiological quality of osmoprimed gherkin seeds." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 3 (2013): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000300014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It was aimed to verify the effect of different methodologies of osmopriming on physiological quality of gherkin seeds. Prior, it has been characterized the initial profile of the gherkin seeds. Then, the seeds were osmoprimed in gerboxes containing two blotter papers wetted with osmotic solutions in a volume equal to three times the paper dry weight and kept in BOD at 15 °C. After the priming, the seeds were dried at room temperature for 48 hours. Then, the following variables were evaluated: seeds moisture content, percentage of germination, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The analyses of variances were realized according to a randomized design in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 x 4: three solutes (polyetilene glycol 6000 - PEG, potassium nitrate - KNO3 and PEG + KNO3), two osmotic potentials (-0.55 and -1.10 MPa) and four times of priming (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), followed by analyses of regression. It is concluded that the priming has no effect on germination and affects positively the vigor of the gherkin seeds lots; osmopriming with potassium nitrate is effective in improving the physiological quality of gherkin seeds lot.