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Дисертації з теми "Panneaux isolants":
Garnier, Géraldine. "Conception et optimisation des enveloppes pour super-isolants thermiques sous vide." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0007.
The major goal was define and understand the relevant materials features that govern the performances of vacuum insulation panels for building application (service life of 50 years). The components were mainly regarded on thermal and water vapour barrier properties. A large series of experimental results obtained with classical characterization technique (TGA, DSC, Tensile test) was analyzed and interrelated. In addition, an experimental technique was developed to characterize the permeability of multilayer through fast and simple optical measurements. In a second step, a systematic study of the degradation due to hydrothermal ageing of the composites was performed to optimize the structure and shed some light on the degradation mechanisms. These results may be interesting both for fundamental aspects, of comprehensive knowledge in polymer-metal system, and as on the application point of view for the development of vacuum insulation panels
Dubelley, Florence. "Mécanismes de dégradation des enveloppes barrières pour application panneaux isolants sous vide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI007/document.
Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) were already developed some time ago for low-temperature applications such as refrigerators. More recently, they have been used for the building application. They consist of a fine powder or fiber core material (fumed silica, glass fiber, PU foam) enveloped by a polymer-metal. The latter is responsible for preventing gas and water molecules from breaking the vacuum. Nevertheless, the use of VIPs for this application was limited for applications in severe conditions as for example: temperature, humidity and mechanical load. At high temperature and/or humidity, the most critical component of a VIP is the envelope: both for the tightness point of view and for its degradation. Consequently in these conditions, the vacuum was degraded and durability of the panel performance was decreased sharply.This work focuses on the degradation mechanisms of the polymer-metal envelope. The effect of hygrothermal ageing (70 °C and 90 %RH) on envelope was investigated at different scales: Microscopic: High humidity is at the origin of the hydrolysis of some components such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane adhesive (PU). Hydrolysis is directly at the origin of the changes mechanical properties, leading to embrittlement of the complex. An additional microstructural modifications was evidence in PET at high humidity and also contributes to embrittlement of the complex. Macroscopic: shrinkage of polymer film seems to be the origin of debonding in polymer-metal multilayer
Lazorthes, Benjamin. "Méthodologie de sélection des matériaux en vue de l'optimisation acoustique de panneaux sandwichs : application à l'habillage commercial d'un avion." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF21216.
Batard, Antoine. "Modélisation du comportement thermique à long terme des panneaux isolants sous vide : (PIV)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI006/document.
Two types of thermal insulation materials exist for building application: the conventional insulation and the super-insulation materials which is characterized by an insulating performance higher than that of a simple layer of still air 25 mW/m/K). Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP) belong to the second category. VIP is not a homogeneous material, but a product consisting of a core material maintained under vacuum by an envelope. The thermal performance of VIP is based on the nanoporous property of the core material and on the vacuum maintained by the envelope which has a very high gas barrier properties. While conventional insulation material has a thermal conductivity values from 21 mW/m/K for polyurethane foams to 50 mW/m/K for the worst wools, that of new VIPs is around 4 mW/m/K. Nevertheless, like every insulation materials, their performance degrades over time. This increase of thermal conductivity is even more detrimental for VIPs because of their very high initial performance and of their high cost. It is therefore important to study their thermal performance evolution over all their service-life in building, over 50 years. In order to manage this, modelling has been chosen, because experiments cannot be realised over such long periods. Studying the thermal performance of VIPs is going through different research topics which take place at different scales.The first one concerns the gas transfer mechanisms through the VIPs’ envelope, also called barrier complexes. The challenge is to improve our understanding of the relationship between the barrier complexes morphological properties and the water vapour and dry air diffusion phenomena through the different layers of materials which compose these barrier complexes. The results do not allow to provide a correct model at this scale, but put forward some trends and physical mechanisms that open up new avenues of exploration.The second research topic is focused on the hygro-thermal behaviour at panels’ scale. A numerical model of VIP has been developed in order to take into account its geometric, thermal and hygric properties in the global thermal performance calculation of the panel. The model integrates the ageing process of the core material by moving its water vapour sorption isotherm. VIPs made with different types of core material has been studied in different constant conditions of temperature and humidity. Simulation results allow to better understand the thermal conductivity evolution of VIPs, to analyse their global behaviour and to determine the main characteristics which are relevant to improve their performance.Then, the third part of the research studies is dedicated to the development of a method which allows to analyse the VIPs’ performance in real conditions of installation in building, in different French climate conditions and several insulation applications. The aim is first to determine the real solicitations imposed on VIP, and then to simulate their long-term thermal performance in order to predict their mean performance. Results show a large dispersion of solicitations submitted to VIPs according to the climate conditions and insulation systems. Temperatures and humidities are highly variable according to the seasons, but finally remain relatively moderate. It is turns out that the mean thermal performance of VIPs over 50 years differs little from applications, but more from climate conditions and even more from the type of silica used for the core material. Contrary to what the short term tests would suggest, hydrophobic silicas are most favourable. The mean thermal conductivity of VIPs can varies between 4.7 and 7.3 mW/m/K
Pratinthong, Naris. "Impact des conditions extrêmes sur le comportement des isolants thermiques pour différents types de panneaux sandwichs." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4013.
The requirements in terms of energy saving impose a reinforcement of thermal insulation, this strongly influences the transfers of moisture in the walls, moisture which can degrade their performance and durability. The object of this thesis is to study the hygrothermal behaviour of the sandwich panels employed in sever conditions. For this, three test houses were built, one in French Guyana and two in Finland. Three types of insulations with a thickness of 50 and 150 mm were tested : polyurethane foam, glass wool, and rock wool. The rock wool and the glass wool panels were produced by turning their fibres perpendicularly to the surface of steel face sheet in order to improve mechanical properties of the products. The test houses have interior surfaces approximately 10m2 and are equipped with an air conditioning system. In total, 195 probes (temperature, relative humidity, water content, heat flow, wetness, thermal conductivity…) were installed in the panels on the two sites. A specific system of data acquisition at each site was developed and installed in order to be able to follow the measurements from a distance. In parallel, the characterization of the insulating materials was carried out in a laboratory. On the both sites, condensation appeared on the interior surface of steel face sheet. The transfer of moisture is strongly influenced by the directional variation in temperature, the results obtained from the two sites are coherent. The thermal conductivities of insulations varied with the temperature and the water content but these variations remained acceptable. The behaviours of the two mineral wools are closed but polyurethane foam seems less sensitive
Kassou, Belynda. "Mécanique des lits de silices granulaires pour l’optimisation des cœurs de panneaux isolants sous vide (PIV)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI007/document.
Buildings account for almost the half of the total energy consumption (60% for heating and cooling) and CO2 emissions in Europe. Thus, the control of energy consumption in building appears as critical. In that perspective, "super-thermal insulating" materials such as vacuum insulation panels (VIP) are promising, both for buildings renovation, and for new energy-efficient constructions. A VIP is composed by a sealed core material in which vacuum is established. The core is made of an open nanoporous stack of silica powders with very high porosity (> 90%) and very fine porous structure (< 200 nm). Two types of silica are typically used: first fumed silica (FS) which enable to process panels with a sufficient compression strength for handling for a density as low as 160 kg/m3, second precipitated silica (PS) which enable to process denser panels with a minimal density of about 250 kg/m3. VIPs made of FS powders are more efficient in terms of thermal and mechanical properties as compared of VIP made of PS powders. However, their price is higher. This study aims at understanding the differences in mechanical properties noted between compacted FS and PS powders. Oedometric compression tests and spherical indentation test were carried out on compacts of Konasil 200 FS silica and on compacts of Tixosil 43 and 365 PS silica. In addition, structural observations of the powders were made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These results permit to identify the parameters leading differences between FS and PS powders. Thus, surface chemistry, multiscale organization and interactions forces are highlighted to explain the differences in mechanical properties between compacts of FS and PS silica
Gibier, Maximilien. "Optimisation de l’intégration de déchets dans un procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants en fibres de bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0132.
The PAVATEX company, which belongs to SOPREMA group is a manufacturer of insulating wood fiber panels, is interested in expanding its supply sources to other less expensive wood species within the SoPRANo'TEX project. In addition, in order to contribute actively to the development of the furniture wood waste recycling industry, the introduction of wood waste is part of the project's goals. These wastes contain a significant part of additives, in particular urea-formaldehyde glue, which it is convenient to remove to improve the use of this type of waste as raw material in the timber industry.This is why a thermal treatment stage is envisaged for the wood wastes, on the one hand to " clean " the matter and also to confer to the wood some specific properties by reducing its hygroscopic character. The outcomes expected are a reduction of the energy consumption of the defibration stage, a limitation of the transfer of pollutants to the gaseous and liquid effluents of the defibering stage and an improvement of the final material properties, in particular concerning its dimensional stability, its durability against fungi and its thermal performances in wet conditions. A second way of waste depollution, hydrothermolysis (or steam cooking), has been identified during the thesis. Indeed, the resins contained in the DEA are easily hydrolyzed, which allows to decontaminate efficiently the material while limiting the degradation of the wood.The thesis focuses on the thermal treatment, defibering and hydrothermolysis processes with the objective of analyzing the liquid and gaseous effluents for each process. The aim of this work is also to optimize the operating conditions of these processes in order to produce thermally treated wood wastes, in large quantities (pilot scale), in order to elaborate fibers adapted to the manufacture of wood fiber insulating panels. The last phase of the thesis work consists in the manufacturing and in the performance characterization of panels prototypes manufactured and to determine the impact of various parameters. A technico-economic study is also proposed from the state of the art and experimental data according to the proposed scenarios to evaluate the interest of these ways
Jardin, Eric. "Détermination des coefficients de masquage et d'anéchoisme des matériaux acoustiques à partir de la mesure des coefficients de transmission et de réflexion de panneaux excités en incidence oblique ou de caractéristiques intrinsèques du matériau." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1022.
Colson, Valentin. "Panneaux composites bio-sourcés destinés à l'isolation des bâtiments : caractérisation des ressources et procédé de production." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S031.
The objective of this thesis is to develop new insulation composites from agricultural by-products for building applications. The research work is divided in three main steps : The first one focuses on the formulation of bio-based composites obtained by agglomeration of vegetal aggregates with different types of binders (bio-based or mineral binders), and on the characterization of their mechanical, thermal and hygric properties. Several bio-aggregates are envisaged (wheat straw, rape straw, flax shiv, hemp shiv and corn cob). A solution combining hemp shiv aggregates bonded with a bio-based thermosetting adhesive is selected. The next step aims to identify a suitable manufacturing process to produce rigid insulation panels using the previously determined composite formulation. Several manufacturing trials are conducted on different laboratory and industrial tools which allow to experiment existing manufacturing technologies. The possibility to produce the rigid insulation panel from hemp shiv at the industrial scale on a fully automatized production line is demonstrated. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites
Ouadi, Rabah. "Conception d'un panneau sandwich isolant-porteur." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0009.
The aim of this work was to develop a new of sandwich panel : the core was made of a light weigt concrete containing stabilized wood granulates · the coatings consisted of E lass reinforced cement composites. A blended cement ( OPC- metakaolin) was used to enhance the durability of E glass fibres. The durability of E glass reinforced cement composites , the thermal conductivity, mechanical and physical properties of the lightweight concrete were investigate. The mechanical behaviour of the sandwich panel was studied and modelled. The results obtained showed that a blend of 40 % of metakaolin is sufficient to prevent the chemical and physical attacks of E glass fibres and get a ductile composite. The best lightweight concrete had a volumetric mass of 550 kg/m³, a compressive strength higher than 3 MPa and a thermal conductivity coefficient lower than 0. 11 W/m°C. It can be considered as an insulating-bearing material. The mechanical tests performed on the sandwich panels showed a very good bond between the core and the coating's. The behaviour, in the elastic stage, can be approached by the finite elements methods or the sandwich panels flexure theory