Дисертації з теми "PANI composite"
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Adusei, Paa Kwasi. "Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Fibers for Supercapacitor Application." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1561996824580323.
Повний текст джерела
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Biscuola, Marco Aurélio [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de dispositivos luminescentes híbridos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91884.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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As novas tecnologias para a construção de telas e displays têm permitido reduzir o consumo de energia, o peso e a espessura, como também melhorar a eficiência e flexibilidade se comparado aos antigos monitores de CRTs e até mesmo aos atuais displays de cristal líquido. Dentre estas novas tecnologias destacam-se as que utilizam materiais orgânicos (OLED) ou orgânicos poliméricos (PLED) não somente por suas possibilidades de aplicações industriais, mas também por permitirem o desenvolvimento das ciências básica e aplicada. Seguindo uma linha alternativa, propomos, neste trabalho, um novo compósito híbrido, resultante da combinação de uma fase polimérica e uma fase inorgânica, que, do nosso ponto de vista também poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento dessa nova geração de displays e telas. Este compósito é formado pela blenda de um polímero condutor dopado, a PANI (polianilina) ou POMA (poli(o-metóxi anilina)), e um polímero isolante, o P(VDF-TrFE) poli(vinilideno-co-trifluoretileno), na qual micro partículas de Zn2SiO4:Mn (SZF) foram adicionadas. Para o desenvolvimento desse novo compósito, estudamos cada um de seus elementos constituintes, notadamente quanto ao seu modo de preparo, características morfológicas e propriedades elétricas. Como resultado final, obtivemos dispositivos constituídos de uma única camada do compósito híbrido depositado por espalhamento sobre um substrato de ITO/FTO, acrescido, ainda, de um eletrodo de alumínio depositado por evaporação. Para a caracterização destes dispositivos foram realizadas medidas de condutividade elétrica, luminescência (L) e fotoluminescência (PL). Os compósitos PANI/P(VDF-TrFE)/SZF 05/95/80 e POMA/P(VDF-TrFE)/SZF 25/75/80 com condutividade elétrica da ordem de 10-3 S/m foram os que melhor se adequaram para a construção dos dispositivos. Os espectros de L e PL apresentaram um pico em ? = 538... .
New technologies recently applied to the fabrication of organic screens and displays have allowed the manufacture of lighter, thinner monitors in comparison to either the conventional cathodic rays tube (CRTs) or the liquid crystal displays (LCDs). In addition, displays based on organic materials (the so-called organic light emitting displays (OLEDs and the polymeric light emitting displays - PLEDs) may exhibit improved efficiency and flexibility. The organic displays have attracted attention of a number of research groups aimed at investigating the potential applications of these new devices in the electronic industry. In this study, a new hybrid composite comprising an inorganic phase dispersed in a polymeric matrix was investigated as a possible candidate material for displays fabrication. The continuous, organic phase was a blend containing a conducting polymer, viz. polyaniline (PANI) or its derivative poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA) and an insulating polymer, P(VDF-TrFE) (Poly(viny1idene fluoride- trifluorethylene)). Micro particles of Zn2SiO4:Mn (SZF) was added to the polymeric phase as the luminescent, active material. Luminescent devices were fabricating using a conventional trilayer architecture in which a thin film of the hybrid composite was deposited between two conducting electrodes. As the anode electrode we used either Indium-TinOxide (ITO) or Fluorine-Tin-Oxide (FTO)-covered glass plates. Evaporated aluminum was used as the cathode electrode. The material/device characterization was carried out using electric conductivity, luminescence (L) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. PANI/P(VDFTrFE)/ SZF (05/95)/80 and POMA/P(VDF-TrFE)/SZF (25/75)/80 composites compositions presented the best performance, with electric conductivity of ca. 10-3 S/m. Luminescence and photoluminescence measurements revealed that both devices exhibited an emission band centered at 538 nm... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Nguyen, Tuan Anh. "Protection du fer par les polymères conducteurs polyaniline et composite (polyaniline - poly 1,5 - diaminonaphtalène) : électropolymérisation : étude du mécanisme de protection par les mesures électrochimiques locales." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077131.
Повний текст джерела
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Brito, Fabiane Fagundes. "Caracterização eletroquimica do composito PSSO3H/PAni para aplicação em celulas a combustivel." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientadores: Celia Marina de Alvarenga Freire, Alvaro A. A. de QueirozDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos para aplicação em células a combustível (CaC) é uma tentativa de viabilização comercial das células, por meio da redução de custos com matéria-prima para manufatura das mesmas. Neste trabalho de mestrado, investigou-se o compósito de poliestireno sulfonado/polianilina para possível aplicação em CaCs, o qual é um material alternativo e de baixo custo de preparo. As propriedades químicas, morfológicas e térmicas do compósito foram caracterizadas por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Microscopia Óptica, Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) e Termogravimetria (TGA), respectivamente. As propriedades eletroquímicas do compósito foram estudadas correlacionando com a estrutura do material, por meio do emprego das seguintes técnicas eletroquímicas: Cronopotenciometria, Voltametria Cíclica e Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE). A condutividade iônica do compósito foi determinada pela medida da resistência do material, empregando-se a técnica eletroquímica Galvanodinâmica, com aplicação de uma varredura de corrente
Abstract: The development of alternative materials for fuel cells applications consists on a tentative to produce commercially available fuel cells, by reduction of costs with their manufacturing and materials. This master dissertation presents an investigation on the polystyrene sulfonate/polyaniline composite, which is an alternative material with low cost of production, owing to fuel cells applications. The chemical, morphological and thermal properties were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Termogravimetry (TGA), respectively. The electrochemical properties were studied by correlating them with the structure of the material, by employment of the following techiques: Chronopotenciometry, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity of the composite was determined by the measurement of its resistance, and using a steady-state linear sweep current Galvanodynamic technique
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Liang, Jianghong. "Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Fiber." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs), discovered in 1993, have good mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an important fiber for textiles as well as a precursor for carbon fibers. PAN has been produced since 1930s.
In this study, we have processed SWNT/PAN fibers by dry-jet wet spinning. Purified SWNT, nitric acid treated SWNTs, and benzonitrile functionalized SWNTs have been used. Fiber processing was done in Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) and coagulation was done in DMF/water mixture. The coagulated fibers were drawn (draw ratio of 6) at 95 oC.
Structure, orientation, and mechanical properties of these fibers have been studied. The cross-sections for all the fibers are not circular. Incorporation of SWNT in PAN results in improved mechanical properties, tensile modulus increased from 7.9 GPa for control PAN to 13.7 GPa for SWNT/PAN composite fiber, and functionalized SWNTs result in higher improvements with tensile modulus reaching 17.8 GPa for acid treated SWNT/PAN composite fibers. The theoretical analysis suggests that observed moduli of the composite fibers are consistent with the predicted values.
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Frost, Brody. "Polymer Composite Spinal Disc Implants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this research study was to create an artificial annulus fibrosus similar to that of the natural intervertebral disc, as well as find preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection and nucleus pulposus internal pressure, for the correction of disc degeneration in the spine. The three-part composite samples needed to demonstrate good shock absorption and load distribution while maintaining strength and flexibility, and removing the need for metal in the body, something of which no current total disc replacement or spinal fusion surgery can offer. For this study, the spinal disc was separated into its three different components, the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates, each playing a vital role in the function of the disc. Two low-cost materials were selected, a Covestro polyurethane and cellulose nanocrystals, for the purpose of creating a polymer composite spinal disc implant. A methodology was established for creating the cast composite material for use as an annulus fibrosus, while also investigating its mechanical properties. The same composite material was used to acquire preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection to the synthesized annulus, however no additional material was used to determine or mimic the mechanical properties of these endplates, due to time constraints. Also because of time constraints, the nucleus used in this study was only comprised of water with no other additives for preliminary testing since the natural nucleus is comprised of about 80-90% water. These properties were then compared to the mechanical properties of the natural disc, so that they could be finely tuned to emulate the natural disc. It is shown in this study that the composite material, when swelled in water, was able to mimic the annulus fibrosus in tensile strength and modulus, however showed higher compressive strength and modulus than ideal. The samples also did not undergo any permanent deformation within the realm of force actually introduced to the natural disc. The vertebral endplates showed decent adhesion to the synthesized annulus, however there were slight defects that became failure concentrators during compression testing. The nucleus showed promising results maintaining good internal pressure to the system causing better compressive load distribution, with barreling of the samples.Master of Science
Spinal disc degeneration is a very prevalent problem in today’s society, effecting anywhere from 12% to 35% of a given population. It usually occurs in the lumbar section of the spine, and when severe enough, can cause bulging and herniation of the intervertebral disc itself. This can cause immense lower back pain in individual’s stricken with this disease, and in the US, medical costs associated with lower back pain to exceed $100 billion. Current solutions to this problem include multiple different treatment options of which, spinal fusion surgery and total disc replacement (TDR) are among the most common. Although these treatments cause pain relief for the majority of patients, there are multiple challenges that come with these options. For example, spinal fusion surgery severely limits the mobility of its patients by fusing two vertebrae together, disallowing any individual movement, and TDR can cause hypermobility in among the vertebrae and offer little to no shock absorption of loads. Therefore, a better treatment option is needed to relieve the pain of the patients, as well as maintain equal motion, shock absorption, and load cushioning to that of the normal intervertebral disc and remaining biocompatible. The goal of this research study was to create a three-component system, like that of the natural intervertebral disc, for the use of spinal disc replacement and to replace current options. The fabricated system was comprised of the three components found in the natural intervertebral disc; the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates. Because the system will need to go in-body, the materials used were all characterized as biocompatible materials; the polyurethane currently being used in medical devices and implants, and the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) coming from natural cellulose in sources such as wood and plants. The results determined that the mechanical properties of the system can be fine-tuned in order to mimic the natural strength and cushioning capabilities of the natural disc, based on CNC content added to the polyurethane, and when all three components of the system are added together, the compressive stress-strain is most similar to the natural disc in compression. However, the system did show failure in the connection between the annulus fibrosus and vertebral endplates, causing herniation of the nucleus similar to the initial problem attempting to be solved. For this, more ideal fabrication methods should be researched in the future including 3D printing techniques, injection molding, and roll milling. As well as alternate fabrication techniques, cell grow and viability should be determined to show that cells don’t die once the system in implanted.
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Frost, Brody A. "Polymer Composite Spinal Disc Implants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78783.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this research study was to create an artificial annulus fibrosus similar to that of the natural intervertebral disc, as well as find preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection and nucleus pulposus internal pressure, for the correction of disc degeneration in the spine. The three-part composite samples needed to demonstrate good shock absorption and load distribution while maintaining strength and flexibility, and removing the need for metal in the body, something of which no current total disc replacement or spinal fusion surgery can offer. For this study, the spinal disc was separated into its three different components, the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates, each playing a vital role in the function of the disc. Two low-cost materials were selected, a Covestro polyurethane and cellulose nanocrystals, for the purpose of creating a polymer composite spinal disc implant. A methodology was established for creating the cast composite material for use as an annulus fibrosus, while also investigating its mechanical properties. The same composite material was used to acquire preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection to the synthesized annulus, however no additional material was used to determine or mimic the mechanical properties of these endplates, due to time constraints. Also because of time constraints, the nucleus used in this study was only comprised of water with no other additives for preliminary testing since the natural nucleus is comprised of about 80-90% water. These properties were then compared to the mechanical properties of the natural disc, so that they could be finely tuned to emulate the natural disc. It is shown in this study that the composite material, when swelled in water, was able to mimic the annulus fibrosus in tensile strength and modulus, however showed higher compressive strength and modulus than ideal. The samples also did not undergo any permanent deformation within the realm of force actually introduced to the natural disc. The vertebral endplates showed decent adhesion to the synthesized annulus, however there were slight defects that became failure concentrators during compression testing. The nucleus showed promising results maintaining good internal pressure to the system causing better compressive load distribution, with barreling of the samples.Master of Science
Spinal disc degeneration is a very prevalent problem in today’s society, effecting anywhere from 12% to 35% of a given population. It usually occurs in the lumbar section of the spine, and when severe enough, can cause bulging and herniation of the intervertebral disc itself. This can cause immense lower back pain in individual’s stricken with this disease, and in the US, medical costs associated with lower back pain to exceed $100 billion. Current solutions to this problem include multiple different treatment options of which, spinal fusion surgery and total disc replacement (TDR) are among the most common. Although these treatments cause pain relief for the majority of patients, there are multiple challenges that come with these options. For example, spinal fusion surgery severely limits the mobility of its patients by fusing two vertebrae together, disallowing any individual movement, and TDR can cause hypermobility in among the vertebrae and offer little to no shock absorption of loads. Therefore, a better treatment option is needed to relieve the pain of the patients, as well as maintain equal motion, shock absorption, and load cushioning to that of the normal intervertebral disc and remaining biocompatible. The goal of this research study was to create a three-component system, like that of the natural intervertebral disc, for the use of spinal disc replacement and to replace current options. The fabricated system was comprised of the three components found in the natural intervertebral disc; the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates. Because the system will need to go in-body, the materials used were all characterized as biocompatible materials; the polyurethane currently being used in medical devices and implants, and the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) coming from natural cellulose in sources such as wood and plants. The results determined that the mechanical properties of the system can be fine-tuned in order to mimic the natural strength and cushioning capabilities of the natural disc, based on CNC content added to the polyurethane, and when all three components of the system are added together, the compressive stress-strain is most similar to the natural disc in compression. However, the system did show failure in the connection between the annulus fibrosus and vertebral endplates, causing herniation of the nucleus similar to the initial problem attempting to be solved. For this, more ideal fabrication methods should be researched in the future including 3D printing techniques, injection molding, and roll milling. As well as alternate fabrication techniques, cell grow and viability should be determined to show that cells don’t die once the system in implanted.
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Marcasuzaa, Pierre. "Composites conducteurs à base de PANI : vers une architecture contrôlée de 2D à 3D." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les polymères intrinsèquement conducteurs (PIC) sont une catégorie de matériaux qui connaissent actuellement un important essor. Cependant, leur principal inconvénient est leur insolubilité dans les solvants usuels. C’est pour cela que de nombreuses études les associent avec des matrices polymère pour former des composites. Lors de cette étude, nous avons synthétisé des copolymères à blocs conducteurs dont la structure chimique est contrôlée. Ces copolymères sont composés d’un bloc "matrice" et d’un second bloc conducteur. La première partie, polystyrène ou polyacrylate, est synthétisée par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée (ATRP) afin de maîtriser les masses molaires (entre 5 000 et 15 000 g/mol) et la polymolécularité (Ip). La partie conductrice est un oligomère d’aniline. Puis, les deux blocs sont couplés pour former un copolymère dibloc. Cette synthèse est réalisée par voie conventionnelle (chauffage bain d’huile) et sous irradiation micro-onde. Une autre architecture de copolymère est réalisée, il s’agit du greffage de polyaniline sur un polymère naturel, le chitosane. En effet, celui-ci apporte des propriétés filmogène, mais également la possibilité de réaliser des hydrogels par réticulation du copolymère greffé. Ainsi un réseau dans lequel la PANI est répartie de façon homogène est obtenuIntrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are a recent category of materials which currently make strong great strides. However, their main inconvenience is their insolubility in the usual solvents. That’s why lots of studies associate them with polymer matrices to make composites. During this study, conductive blocks copolymers with controlled architecture were obtained. These copolymers consist of a "matrix" block and a second conductive block. The first part, polystyrene or polyacrylate, is synthesized by controlled radical polymerization (ATRP) to control the molecular weight (between 5 000 and 15 000 g / mol) and the polydispersity (Ip). The conductive part is an oligomer of aniline. Then, both blocks are coupled to obtain a diblock copolymer. This synthesis is realized by conventional heating (bath of oil) and under microwave irradiation. Other architecture of copolymer is realized, it consists on the graft of polyaniline onto a natural polymer, the chitosane which brings coating properties, and the possibility of realizing hydrogels by crosslinking of grafting copolymer. So a network in which the PANI is distributed in a homogeneously is obtained
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Antoine, Donley. "Optical Transparent Pmma Composite Reinforced By Coaxial Electrospun Pan Hollow Nanofibers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271772/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electrospinning has been recognized as an efficient technique for the fabrication of polymer fibers. These electrospun fibers have many applications across a broad range of industries. In this research, optical transparent composites were successfully fabricated by embedding polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow nanofibers into poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The hollow PAN nanofibers were prepared by coaxial electrospinning. The PAN was used as the shell solution, and the mineral oil was used as the core solution. The resulting fibers were then etched with octane to remove the mineral oil from the core. The hollow PAN fibers were then homogeneously distributed in PMMA resins to fabricate the composite. The morphology, transmittance and mechanical properties of the PAN/PMMA composite were then characterized with an ESEM, TEM, tensile testing machine, UV-vis spectrometer and KD2 Pro Decagon device. The results indicated that the hollow nanofibers have relatively uniform size with one-dimensional texture at the walls. The embedded PAN hollow nanofibers significantly enhanced the tensile stress and the Young's modulus of the composite (increased by 58.3% and 50.4%, respectively), while having little influence on the light transmittance of the composite. The KD2 Pro device indicated that the thermal conductivity of the PMMA was marginally greater than the PAN/PMMA composite by 2%. This novel transparent composite could be used for transparent armor protection, window panes in vehicles and buildings, and airplane windshield etc.
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Fröhlich, Christine, Frank Jacobi, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-105073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization.
Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type.
Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.
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Fröhlich, Christine, Frank Jacobi, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population: An exploration of the structure and threshold of medically unexplained pain symptoms." Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization.
Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type.
Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.
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Zollinger, Marc. "Elegant Pain| Composing Identity in the Work of Itamar Assumpcao." Thesis, Mills College, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13426327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Influenced by the 1960's vanguard movement of Tropicália, Itamar Assumpção became a leader of the so-called Vanguarda Paulista. He offered a new critique of the establishment while taking part in an independent DIY scene. This critique took the form of a detached and ironic narrative voice, and the exploration and reimagining of Samba and Pan-Africanism through polyphony and dissonance. Assumpção stands out as someone who was able to generate a new synthesis of Pan-African traditions and the Brazilian Popular Song tradition. Though today there's a current generation of musicians from São Paulo who are influenced by Assumpção, he still remains largely unknown in Brazil and the rest of the world. I analyze selected pieces from his discography by looking at his lyrics and compositional procedures in order to demonstrate a vast scope of artistic thought that utilized influences from contemporary theater to Reggae.
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Fornari, junior Celso Carlino Maria. "Préparation, caractérisation et propriétés anti-corrosion des revêtements organiques composites à base de polyaniline sur aciers doux." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077193.
Повний текст джерела
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Coucelo, José Miguel Carreira Revez Pereira. "Use of the short form glasgow composite measure pain scale in the assessment of canine patients presenting in shock." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaThe short form of Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF), a previously validated decision-making tool is increasingly used in practice for the assessment of pain in dogs. However, few studies have considered the application of a pain scoring system in patients presenting in emergency situations. This study aimed to evaluate if pain scoring with the Glasgow CMPS-SF was effective in identifying pain in patients in shock. A prospective study (November 2014 to January 2015), within a first opinion and specialty intensive care service was developed. A total of 31 client-owned dogs (16 females and 15 males) that presented as primary emergencies or transfers. When admitted to the study, all dogs were examined by a veterinarian or registered veterinary nurse. Patients were classified and grouped as Shock (S) or Not Shock (NS) on basis of their shock index (SI). The shock status was defined a priori if the SI was higher than 1.0. Regardless of group, all patients had their pain assessed with the Glasgow CMPS-SF and by a Board Eligible Internist or a Emergency and Critical Care specialist, blinded to both pain score and SI values. Dogs in shock numbered 18/31 dogs within the not shock group numbered 13/31. Mean age of dogs in the S group was 4.6 years (0.2 – 10) and in the NS group was 8.3 years (1 – 16); a significant difference existed in age between groups (p-value<0.05). Median pain score of the S group was 5 (0 – 17) and on the NS group was 3 (1 – 15). There was no significant difference on pain scores between the groups (p-value>0.05) and between the clinicians’ perception of pain between groups (p-value>0.05). A significant difference was present between pain scores and the clinicians’ opinion on pain (p-value=0.014), including within the shock group (p-value=0.0021). Cohen’s kappa statistic within the shock group was 0.47, which can be interpreted as weak to moderate agreement between the Glasgow CMPS-SF and the clinician opinion on pain. Within the NS group the differences between the pain scores and the clinician’ opinion on pain were not statistically significant (p-value>0.05). These results do not support an acceptable agreement between the Glasgow CMPS-SF and an experienced veterinarians evaluation of pain in patients presenting in shock. Therefore, further investigation into the relevance of the used pain assessment tool in emergency and shock patients is recommended before use in the objective monitoring of this subset of patients.
RESUMO - USO DA FORMA ABREVIADA DA ESCALA COMPOSTA DA DOR DE GLASGOW EM CÃES COM APRESENTAÇÃO DE CHOQUE - O reconhecimento e avaliação de dor em doentes veterinários pode ser desafiante, especialmente nos que se encontram em estado crítico. A já validada forma abreviada da Escala Composta da Dor de Glasgow (CMPS-SF) é, cada vez, mais utilizada em ambiente clínico na avaliação da dor aguda em cães. Contudo, poucos estudos têm considerado a aplicação de um sistema de avaliação de dor em doentes que se apresentam em situação de emergência. Foi desenvolvido um estudo experimental com o propósito de avaliar se a pontuação obtida com a CMPS-SF seria capaz de identificar dor em doentes que se apresentassem em choque. O estudo prospetivo desenvolveu-se numa clínica de primeira opinião e com serviço de cuidados intensivos (entre Novembro de 2014 e Janeiro de 2015). Foram incluídos no estudo 31 cães, admitidos em situação de emergência ou como referências, tendo sido examinados por um médico veterinário ou uma enfermeira veterinária. Os doentes foram classificados como estando em choque (S) ou não (NS) com base no seu índice de choque (IC). O estado de choque foi definido quando IC>1.0. Todos os doentes foram avaliados quanto à dor pela utilização da CMPS-SF e através de um exame físico realizado por um candidato a Internista ou um especialista em Emergências e Cuidados Intensivos, desconhecedores da pontuação obtida com a escala de CMPS-SF e do IC. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 0.05. O grupo de cães em choque incluiu 18 cães e o grupo de não choque incluiu 13. A idade média dos animais no grupo S foi de 4.6 anos e no grupo NS foi de 8.3. As diferenças de idade observadas entre os grupos foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas (pvalue< 0.05). A pontuação média de dor no grupo S foi 5 e no grupo N.S. foi 3. As diferenças observadas na pontuação de dor entre os dois grupos grupos não foi considerada significativa (p-value>0.05). A perceção da dor pelos médicos veterinários nos dois grupos também não foi considerada significativa (p-value>0.05). Considerou-se significativa a diferença observada entre as pontuações de dor e a perceção de dor dos médicos veterinários (p-value=0.014), incluíndo no grupo S (p-value=0.0021). No grupo S, a concordância entre métodos foi de 0.47, interpretada como fraca a moderada. Face aos resultados obtidos, sugerem-se mais estudos relativos à precisão da utilização de escalas de dor em doentes que se apresentem em emergência e em condições de choque, antes que estas escalas possam ser recomendadas neste tipo de doentes.
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Birks, Yvonne. "Role of an adapted index of type A behaviour : relationships with health and reactivity, and a role in 'composite risk'." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325600.
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Banomyong, Danuchit. "Effects of glass-ionomer cement lining on sealing ability and postoperative tooth sensitivity after resin composite restoration of posterior teeth /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3533.
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Khenoussi, Nabyl. "Contribution à l'étude et à la caractérisation de nanofibres obtenues par électro-filage : Application aux domaines médical et composite." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685662.
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La filature par voie électrostatique consiste à dissoudre un polymère dans un solvant, puis soumettre cette solution à un champ électrostatique intense. Différents paramètres influencent l'obtention, la production et la régularité des nanofilaments obtenus. Parmi ces paramètres, il y a des paramètres physiques inhérents à la cabine de filage, des paramètres électriques et des paramètres liés à la solution. Pour obtenir des nanofilaments, la première étape est de déterminer le ou les meilleurs couples polymère-solvant ainsi que les conditions expérimentales optimales pour obtenir à la fois des produits homogènes et reproductibles. L'obtention de nanofilaments de caractéristiques mécaniques et de structures données est complexe et dépend à la fois de paramètres de filage, mais aussi des propriétés de la solution. Une des propriétés les plus importantes de la solution est sa viscosité. Il a donc été nécessaire d'étudier, pour différents couples solvant-polymère (PA, PAN, PLA, PHEA) leur comportement rhéologique. Ces études rhéologiques ont permises d'expliquer les morphologies des matériaux obtenus par la conformation macromoléculaire de la solution. Les non-tissés de nanofibres obtenus ont été caractérisés par Microscopie à Forces Atomiques (AFM), Microscopie Electronique à Transmission (MET) et à Balayage (MEE) pour les aspects morphologiques. D'autres caractérisations, thermique (DSC), spectroscopique (FTIR) et mécaniques (traction et indentation) ont complété la caractérisation de ces matériaux. A l'issue de l'étude précédente, les nanofibres ont été employées dans deux applications. (1) L'incorporation et la compatibilisation de nanorenforts à l'intérieur d'une matrice polymère (Polyacrylonitrile). L'influence sur les propriétés géométriques des nanofibres de façon globale, et plus finement, la morphologie de surface, ont été observées par une analyse AFM de nano-rugosité. (2) La réalisation à partir d'un biopolymère d'un guide tubulaire permettant la croissance cellulaire et la reconnexion de nerfs sectionnés. Il a fallu pour cela remplir un cahier des charges rigoureux en termes de dimensionnement, de structure, et de propriétés mécaniques.
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Kessler, Ronald C., Joseph R. Calabrese, P. A. Farley, Michael J. Gruber, Mark A. Jewell, Wayne Katon, Jr Paul E. Keck, et al. "Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-129425.
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Background Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.
Method Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.
Results Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ2 1 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.
Conclusions CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.
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Kessler, Ronald C., Joseph R. Calabrese, P. A. Farley, Michael J. Gruber, Mark A. Jewell, Wayne Katon, Jr Paul E. Keck, et al. "Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders." Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.
Method Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.
Results Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ2 1 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.
Conclusions CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.
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Sousa, Sofia Palacim Terreiro de. "Utilização da escala multidimensional composta para avaliação de dor aguda pós-cirúrgica em gato para comparação de eficácia de três protocolos analgésicos no modelo cirúrgico de ovariohisterectomia eletiva felina." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6529.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO alívio da dor pericirúrgica é uma temática essencial em Medicina Veterinária, não só pela promoção do bem-estar dos animais, como de uma melhor recuperação da anestesia. O gato (Felis silvestris catus) é uma das espécies sobre as quais há um menor domínio do reconhecimento e do controlo da dor. Recentemente, foi desenvolvida a “Escala Multidimensional Composta Para Avaliação de Dor Aguda Pós-Cirúrgica em Gato”, que constitui uma nova ferramenta no maneio da dor felina. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a utilização da referida escala para comparar a eficácia de três protocolos analgésicos, administrados em gatas saudáveis (n=30), submetidas a ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Para efeitos de avaliação de dor peri-cirúrgica consideraram-se as pontuações de dor no pré-cirúrgico (T0) e às 1h (T1), 2h (T2), 3h (T3), 4h (T4), 24h (T24) e 48h (T48) após a recuperação anestésica. Os grupos de estudo – GR, GB e GRB – foram, respetivamente, pré-medicados com robenacoxib (SC, 2mg/Kg) (n=10), buprenorfina (EV, 0.02mg/Kg) (n=10) e a combinação de ambos os fármacos (n=10), 30-45 minutos antes da cirurgia. Durante o procedimento, monitorizaram-se variáveis fisiológicas, como a pressão arterial sistólica, a frequência cardíaca e a frequência respiratória. No pós-cirúrgico, pontuações de dor iguais ou superiores a 8, com avaliação clínica concordante, remetiam para analgesia de resgate (buprenorfina IM, 0,02mg/Kg). A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, 2004), com recurso à análise de variância “One Way ANOVA”, ao teste de comparação de médias, utilizando um teste t, e ao teste de qui-quadrado. Os resultados revelaram pontuações de dor mais elevadas no grupo GB, seguido do GR e, finalmente, do GRB. Quanto às analgesias de resgate, foram efetuadas em 2 gatas do grupo GR, 3 do grupo GB e 0 do grupo GRB. Ainda que não se tivesse encontrado diferença significativa entre os protocolos analgésicos, quando se analisaram as repetições das analgesias de resgate, verificou-se maior exigência das mesmas no grupo GB. Da análise das variáveis fisiológicas, retirou-se que apenas para a pressão arterial sistólica houve diferenças significativas entre grupos. Concluiu-se que a analgesia multimodal se mostrou mais eficiente, embora ambos os protocolos com robenacoxib se tenham mostrado eficazes. Podemos também referir que a presente escala de dor permitiu uma pontuação fidedigna e uma abordagem à dor póscirúrgica do gato bem-sucedida.
ABSTRACT - Perioperative pain relief is a major subject in veterinary practice as it determines the level of well being of the animals and provides a better anesthetic recovery. Nowadays there is still lack of knowledge about pain detection and management in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus). Recently a multidimensional composite scale for use in assessing acute postoperative pain in cats was developed and represents a new tool for feline pain management. The purpose of the present study was to use this new pain scale in order to compare three different analgesic protocols in thirty healthy female cats (n=30) after ovariohysterectomy. Pain scores were considered before surgery (T0) and 1h (T1), 2h (T2), 3h (T3), 4h (T4), 24h (T24) and 48h (T48) after anesthetic recovery. Study groups – GR, GB e GRB – were respectively pre-medicated 30-45 minutes before surgery with robenacoxib (SC, 2mg/Kg) (n=10), buprenorphine (EV, 0.02mg/Kg) (n=10) and their combination (n=10). Physiologic variables as respiratory rate, heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure were continuously monitored during the procedure. After surgery cats would be having rescue analgesia (buprenorphine IM, 0,02mg/Kg) if pain scores were equal to or greater than 8. Statistical analysis of the present study was performed with statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, 2004) using the analysis of variance "One way ANOVA", the t test and the chi-square test. The results showed higher scores in GB group, followed by GR group and GRB group. Two cats needed rescue analgesia in GR group, three were rescued in GB group and none o the cats needed rescue analgesia in GRB group. We can’t safely say that there are statistical significant differences among analgesic protocols as we had p=0,06. However GB group was the only one showing need to repeat rescue analgesia. Statistic analysis of the physiologic variables revealed statistical differences among groups only for systolic arterial blood pressure. We concluded that multimodal analgesia was more effective. Nevertheless both protocols with robenacoxib were efficient. Thus we can accomplish that the multidimensional composite scale for use in assessing acute postoperative pain in cats is a reliable pain scoring method and allowed a satisfactory approach to feline postoperative pain.
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Chorbadzhieva, Ana [Verfasser], Sabine Beate Rita [Akademischer Betreuer] Kästner, Alexandra Friederike [Akademischer Betreuer] Schütter, Sabine [Gutachter] Kästner, and Hiebl [Gutachter] Bernhard. "Evaluation der Einsetzbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der deutschsprachigen Version der multidimensionalen „Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale“ für Katzen im klinischen Alltag / Ana Chorbadzhieva ; Gutachter: Sabine Kästner, Hiebl Bernhard ; Sabine Kästner, Alexandra Schütter." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225740347/34.
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Chorbadzhieva, Ana [Verfasser], Sabine Beate Rita [Akademischer Betreuer] Kästner, Alexandra Friederike [Akademischer Betreuer] Schütter, Sabine Beate Rita [Gutachter] Kästner, and Hiebl [Gutachter] Bernhard. "Evaluation der Einsetzbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der deutschsprachigen Version der multidimensionalen „Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale“ für Katzen im klinischen Alltag / Ana Chorbadzhieva ; Gutachter: Sabine Kästner, Hiebl Bernhard ; Sabine Kästner, Alexandra Schütter." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:95-114965.
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Aussawasathien, Darunee. "ELECTROSPUN CONDUCTING NANOFIBER-BASED MATERIALS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATIONS: EFFECTS OF FIBER CHARACTERISTICS ON PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1145050541.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, 2006."May, 2006." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 10/11/2006) Advisor, Erol Sancaktar; Committee members, James L. White, Kyonsuku Min, Darrell H. Reneker, Wieslaw Binienda; Department Chair, Sadhan C. Jana; Dean of the College, Frank N. Kelley; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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La, Rocca Viviana. "Atividade antinociceptiva do geraniol: estudos comportamentaise eletrofisiológicos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9944.
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The high incidence of pain in the general population has encouraged research about this theme. Products derived from plant species have been widely used in the pharmacological treatment of pain relief. Recent studies have reported the important role of monoterpenes, active compounds found in the essential oils of aromatic plants, having relevant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. The geraniol (GER) is a monoterpenic alcohol, found in >160 essential oil of plant species, especially Cymbopogon gender. In the literature consulted, several biochemical and pharmacological properties are shown of GER: antitumor, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, gastric and intestinal protector, neuroprotective and antiarrhythmic. In this study was evaluated the antinociceptive activity of GER, not yet reported, by animal behavioral and electrophysiological in vitro models. Male and female adult Swiss mice were used. Initially the acute toxicity of GER was investigated by calculating the lethal dose 50 (LD50) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) (= 199.9 mg/kg) and oral (p.o.) (> 1 g/kg). In psychopharmacological screening, after the administration of single doses of GER (i.p. and p.o.), behavioral changes were observed indicating a depressant profile on the central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (SNP), and relevant antinociceptive effect of geraniol. Therefore, more specific antinociceptive property evaluation tests were performed. The GER (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg i.p. and 50 or 200 mg/kg p.o.) decreased (p<0.001) the number of abdominal contractions induced by i.p. injection of acetic acid, when compared with the control. The opioid antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously (s.c.) in mice, subsequently treated with GER (25 mg/kg i.p.), did not reverse its antinociceptive activity. The GER (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) reduced (p<0.001) paw licking time in the second phase (15-30 min, inflammatory phase) of the formalin test. Also, in the glutamate test was reduced (p<0.01) paw licking time when GER 50 mg/kg i.p. administered. In a subsequent step, it was investigated the effect of GER on the excitability of peripheral nerve fibers through extracellular recording in the sciatic nerve in mice. The GER presented depressant effect of the compound action potential (CAP), which was reversed after washing and recovery period. The GER blocked components of the CAP concentration-dependent manner and exposure time to the drug: 1 mM after 120 min for the first component (Aγ and Aβ fibers) and 0.6 mM after 90 min for the second (Aγ and Aδ fibers). The concentration, which induces 50% inhibition of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the PAC (IC50) for the GER was calculated, being equal to 0.48±0.04 mM. The conduction velocity was also reduced by exposure to GER from the 0.3 mM concentration, for the 1st component [46.18±2.60 m/s to 36.04±1.60 m/s; p<0.05 (n=7)] and the 2nd component [18.37±1.31 m/s to 12.71±0.56 m/s; p<0.001 (n=7)]. In conclusion, the results obtained show that GER has antinociceptive activity, mainly in pain related to inflammation. Participation of the opioid pathway in its mechanism of action is unlikely, but the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in a dose-dependent manner is a possible mechanism. Its antinociceptive activity is also related to the reduction in peripheral neuronal excitability, firstly in thinner fibers Aδ, which are directly connected to the conduction pain.
A elevada incidência da dor na população em geral tem incentivado as pesquisas entorno desse tema. Produtos oriundos de espécies vegetais têm sido amplamente utilizados no tratamento farmacológico de alívio da dor. Estudos recentes têm relatado o importante papel dos monoterpenos, princípios ativos encontrados nos óleos essenciais de plantas aromáticas, tendo relevante potencial analgésico e anti-inflamatório. O geraniol (GER) é um álcool monoterpênico, encontrado no óleo essencial de >160 espécies vegetais, especialmente do gênero Cymbopogon. Na literatura consultada, pesquisas apontam várias propriedades bioquímicas e farmacológicas para o GER: antitumoral, antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante, de proteção gástrica e intestinal, neuroprotetora e antiarrítmica. Neste estudo foi avaliada a atividade antinociceptiva do GER, ainda não relatada, mediante modelos animais comportamentais e eletrofisiológicos in vitro. Foram utilizados camundongos machos e fêmeas Swiss adultos. Inicialmente, foi investigada a toxicidade aguda do GER mediante cálculo da dose letal 50 (DL50) pela via intraperitoneal (i.p.) (=199,9 mg/kg) e oral (v.o.) (>1 g/kg). Na triagem psicofarmacológica, após a subministração de doses únicas de GER (i.p. e v.o.) foram observadas alterações comportamentais que indicaram perfil depressor do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e/ou periférico (SNP), e relevante efeito antinociceptivo do geraniol. Portanto, foram realizados testes comportamentais de avaliação de propriedade antinociceptiva mais específicos. O GER (12,5; 25 e 50 mg/kg i.p. e 50 ou 200 mg/kg v.o.) reduziu (p<0,001) o número de contorções abdominais induzidas por injeção i.p. de ácido acético, quando comparado com o controle. O antagonista opióide naloxona (5 mg/kg) administrado pela via subcutânea (s.c.) em camundongos, subsequentemente tratados com GER (25 mg/kg i.p.), não reverteu sua atividade antinociceptiva. O GER (12,5; 25 e 50 mg/kg i.p.) reduziu (p<0,001) o tempo de lambida da pata na segunda fase (15-30 min, fase inflamatória) do teste da formalina. Também, no teste do glutamato houve redução (p<0,01) do tempo de lambida da pata quando administrado GER 50 mg/kg i.p. Em uma etapa subsequente, investigou-se o efeito do GER sobre a excitabilidade de fibras nervosas periféricas, mediante registro extracelular em nervo ciático de camundongo. O GER apresentou efeito depressor do potencial de ação composto (PAC), o qual foi parcialmente revertido após lavagem durante o período de recuperação. O GER bloqueou as componentes do PAC, de maneira dependente da concentração e do tempo de exposição à droga: 1 mM aos 120 min para a primeira componente (fibras Aγ e Aβ) e 0,6 mM aos 90 min para a segunda (fibras Aγ e Aδ). Foi calculada para o GER, a concentração que induz 50% de inibição da amplitude pico-a-pico do PAC (CI50), sendo igual a 0,48±0,04 mM. A velocidade de condução também, foi reduzida pela exposição ao GER, a partir da concentração de 0,3 mM para a 1ª componente [46,18±2,60 m/s para 36,04±1,60 m/s; p<0,05 (n=7)] e para a 2ª componente [18,37±1,31 m/s para 12,71±0,56 m/s; p<0,001 (n=7)]. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos mostram que o GER tem atividade antinociceptiva, principalmente na dor relacionada à inflamação. A participação da via opióide no seu mecanismo de ação é pouco provável, mas a modulação da neurotransmissão glutamatérgica de maneira dependente da dose é um mecanismo possível. Sua atividade antinociceptiva tambèm, está relacionada à redução da excitabilidade neuronal periférica, primeiramente de fibras mais finas como Aδ, ligadas diretamente à condução da dor.
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Lok, Peter Yin Cheung. "Development of a novel minimally invasive scaffold system for spinal disc repair." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Debilitating chronic back pain caused by severe spinal disc degeneration leads to loss of mobility, affecting quality of life, a significant loss of productivity for the employee and the employer. Currently available surgical intervention options, such as spinal fusion and total disc replacement, seeking only to alleviate pain, are not only invasive, but fail to address the underlying biological causes of spinal disc degeneration, or restore normal physiological spinal motion. Recently proposed tissue engineering approaches focus on stopping and reversing the degenerative cascade, which has a promising regenerative effect, though not without significant challenges before a clinical application is made available, including tumourigenesis risks and proof of efficacy. A minimally invasive nucleus pulposus replacement option, which preserves the competent annulus fibrosis, while replacing the removed degenerated nucleus tissue with a prosthesis, provides an alternative for early disc degeneration, though most commercially available types are at clinical trial stages. There is an opportunity for developing a minimally invasive nucleus pulposus replacement type spinal implant system that restores disc biomechanics and addresses biological degenerative causes. This body of work details the design, development, fabrication, prototyping, verification and validation of this novel implant system. The implant system consisted of a configuration of scaffold and hydrogel interpenetrating polymer network composite delivered minimally invasively via a cannula system, after the nucleus pulposus is removed in a nucleotomy with a set of specialised tools. Implantation of the novel prosthesis was shown to be successful in various spinal disc models, in meeting identified design and functional requirements, including biomechanical loading, resistance to expulsion and radiopacity.
26
Saad, Mohamad. "Méthodes statistiques et stratégies d'études d'association de phénotypes complexes : études pan-génomiques de la maladie de Parkinson." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1657/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mon travail de thèse s'intéresse aux méthodes statistiques et stratégies d'étude de la composante génétique de maladies complexes chez l'homme et spécifiquement de la Maladie de Parkinson (MP). Ces travaux sont principalement développés dans le cadre d'études d'association pan-génomiques dans deux contextes : détection de variants fréquents et détection de variants rares. Le criblage du génome entier (GWAS) est une stratégie d'étude optimale à condition de bien contrôler les niveaux des erreurs de type I et de type II. En effet, un grand nombre de tests statistiques sont réalisés ; des problèmes de stratification de population sont possibles et leurs effets doivent être contrôlés. Par ailleurs, malgré leurs tailles d'échantillon relativement importantes, les études GWAS, basées sur le test simple-marqueur, peuvent s'avérer individuellement peu puissantes pour détecter des variants génétiques fréquents à effets faibles. L'utilisation des tests multi-marqueur peut optimiser l'utilisation de la variabilité génétique et donc augmenter la puissance des études GWAS. Je me suis intéressé à l'étude de ces tests et spécifiquement le test " SNP-Set " basé sur la méthode statistique de noyau et le test haplotypique. J'ai étudié les aspects théoriques de ces tests et j'ai évalué leurs propriétés statistiques dans nos données empiriques de MP. Ainsi pour nos analyses de MP, j'ai développé des techniques d'imputations et de méta-analyses afin d'augmenter la couverture de la variabilité génétique et la taille d'échantillon. L'analyse d'association pour des variants rares présente plusieurs défis. Le test d'association simple-marqueur ne permet pas d'étudier tels variants et le coût des analyses à grande échelle de données de séquence reste prohibitif pour l'étude de maladies complexes. Notre design d'étude est une approche alternative qui repose sur la combinaison de données publiques de séquence aux données GWAS. Différents tests d'association pour l'étude de variants rares ont été récemment proposés mais leurs propriétés statistiques sont à ce jour mal connues. Par ailleurs, à l'échelle pan-génomique, les erreurs de type I et de type II de ces méthodes peuvent être influencées par certains facteurs comme la longueur du gène, l'hétérogénéité allélique dans le gène, le LD entre SNPs, le chevauchement entre gènes et la corrélation SNPs fréquents et maladie. J'ai évalué les propriétés statistiques de plusieurs de ces méthodes dans des données simulées et aussi dans nos données de MP. Nous montrons que plusieurs méthodes, basées sur le modèle linéaire mixte, sont mathématiquement équivalentes et que certaines sont des cas particuliers d'autres. En conclusion, nous avons développé des stratégies et méthodes d'analyse, combinant des approches complémentaires (Maladie commune-variant fréquent vs Maladie commune -variant rare) dans le but d'optimiser la caractérisation de la composante génétique de MP en particulier et de maladies complexes en généraleMy thesis has focused on statistical methods and strategies to study the genetic components of complex human traits and especially of Parkinson's Disease (PD). My work was developed mainly in two contexts of genome wide association studies (GWAS): the detection of common variants and the detection of rare variants. GWAS is an optimal approach in which we have to control for the type I error and the type II error rates. Indeed, a large number of tests are performed. In addition, we must control for potential population stratification problems. Despite the large sample sizes in recent GWASs based on the single-marker test, they may have individually low power to detect common variants with small effects. The use of the multi-marker test may optimize the coverage of genetic variability and thus increase the power of GWAS. I have focused on the study of these tests, especially the "SNP-Set" test based on kernel machine regression and the haplotypic test. I studied the theoretical aspects of these tests and I evaluated the statistical properties in our empirical data for PD. In addition, in our analyses for PD, I developed imputation and meta-analysis techniques to increase the coverage of the genetic variability and the sample size. Association analysis for rare variants faces several challenges. The single marker test is not powerful to detect such variants and the cost of whole-genome sequence analyses for complex traits is still prohibitive. Our design is a cost-effective alternative which is based on the joint use of public sequence data and GWAS data. Several new tests have been proposed but, to date, their statistical properties are still unclear. On the genome-wide level, the type I error and the type II error rates may depend on several factors as gene length, allelic heterogeneity in the gene, LD between SNPs, overlap between genes and the correlation between the common variants and the trait. I evaluated the statistical properties of several methods in simulated data and also in our GWAS PD data. We show that several methods, based on the linear mixed model, are mathematically equivalent and some are special cases of others. In conclusion, we developed strategies and analytical methods which combine complementary approaches (Common Disease-Common Variant versus Common Disease-Rare Variant) to optimize the characterization of the genetic components of PD in particular and of complex traits in general
27
Tang, Yin-Han, and 湯茵涵. "The properties of Si-PANi/PANi and Si@rGO -PANi/PANi composite film synthesized by electrodeposition as anodes for Lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3r3kb9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
化工與材料工程系
105
The charge/discharge properties of SiNPs(silicon nanoparticles, SiNPs)-PANi(polyaniline, PANi)/PANi and Si@rGO(reduced graphene oxide, rGO)-PANi/PANi composite films prepared by electrodeposition and used as the anodic materials for assembling the lithium ion coin cells are investigated in this thesis. The characteristics of preparing materials are analyzed by SEM, TGA, XRD, TEM and XPS, respectively. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of materials are studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AC impedance analysis techniques. The effect of acids, charge passed and current density for preparing Si-PANi/PANi composite films on the properties of homemade materials are investigated. The maximum initial charge and discharge specific capacities of Si/PANi/PANi composite film with 2 layers obtained to be 875 and 2026 mAh g-1 with coulomb efficiency (CE) of 43 % are prepared in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution with the charge passed and current density of 0.125 C cm-2 and 1 mA cm-2, respectively. For this composite film, the discharge specific capacity at 50 charge/discharge cycles is found to be 660 mAh g-1. The optimal dispersivity of the silicon nanoparticles (NPs) and rGO (reduced graphene oxide) in Si@rGO powder is prepared in the water and ethanol (v / v = 1/1) mixing solution (named as Si@rGO (water-ethanol)) among the 4 preparing procedures. Compared with Si@rGO powder prepared with the other procedures, the Si@rGO-PANi/PANi (2 layers) composite film electrode prepared by co-electrodeposition of Si@rGO (water-ethanol) powder exhibits a maximum charge/discharge performance. The initial charge and discharge specific capacity of Si@rGO (water-ethanol)-PANi/PANi (2 layers) are obtained to be 1050 and 3839 mAh g-1, respectively, with CE of 27%. After 50 charge/discharge cycles, the discharge capacity is decreased to 542 mAh g-1. Compared with Si-PANi/PANi (2 layers) composite film electrode, the Si@rGO-PANi (2 layers) composite film electrode analyzed by AC impedance technique has a smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct), and hence has a higher initial discharge capacity due to the presence of rGO with high electric conductivity. However, the value of Rct of Si@rGO-PANi (2 layers) composite film is increased with the charge/discharge cycles due that the decomposition of Si NPs can’t be effectively inhibited by the presence of rGO, and hence the charge/discharge capacities at 50th cycle is similar to that of Si-PANi/PANi (2 layers) composite film. By setting the charge passed for preparing Si-PANi composite film as 0.125 C cm-2, the charge/discharge performances of Si-PANi / PANi (4 layers) and Si-PANi / PANi (8 layers) composite film electrodes are better than that of Si-PANi/PANi (2 layers) film electrode. The first discharge capacity of Si-PANi / PANi (4 layers) and Si-PANi / PANi (8 layers) composite film electrodes are obtained to be 4864 and 4140 mAh g-1, respectively. The discharge capacity of 4 and 8 layers composite film electrode are obtained to be 1192 and 1095 mAh g-1. Comparing with 2 layers composite film, the volume change of Si NPs within 4 and 8 layers composite film in the charge/discharge cycles can be effectively buffered by embedding within the multi-PANi films. This phenomenon can be demonstrated by the Rct of 4 and 8 layer composite films is less than that of 2 layers composite film.
28
Ye, Shi-Hao, and 葉士豪. "Preparation and Capacitive Characteristics of RuO2/PANI/Ti Composite Electrodes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72283702130656716380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
97
Various polyaniline/titanium (PANI)/Ti composite electrodes were prepared by electrochemically depositing PANI on titanium foil via a cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1.0 M H2SO4 aqueous at a scan rate of 200 mV/s. The effect of electrochemical operating conditions, annealing temperature and PANI morphology on the capacitive behavior of PANI/Ti composite electrodes was investigated by means of CV, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Near Infrared spectrometer (NIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results showed that the deposited PANI reveals a porous nanostructure with a high specific capacitance of 546 F/g. As the annealing temperature is higher than 110℃, the specific capacitance of PANI/Ti composite electrodes significantly decreases with increasing the annealing temperature caused by the thermal degradation of PANI. For the supercapacitor application, the RuO2/PANI/Ti composite electrodes were further fabricated by using catholic reductive deposition method. The resulting RuO2/PANI/Ti composite electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 456 F/g. As for ESI analysis, the simulated equivalent circuit mode suggested that the capacitive properties of PANI/Ti electrodes are markedly affected by the conductivity and doping level of PANI.
29
Huang, Yi-ping, and 黃怡萍. "Application of statistical experimental strategies to methanol oxidation on PANI-Pt composite electrode and characterization of ascorbic acid oxidation on PANI/PSSMA/Au composite electrode." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39587167509757358641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立聯合大學
化學工程學系碩士班
97
This research aims to prepare a polyaniline (PANI) with porous structure and high surface area using the electrochemical method. The PANI was served as an electrode matrix. The platinum (Pt) is then deposited on the PANI to obtain a PANI-Pt modified electrode. We used statistical experimental strategies to analyze the methanol oxidation on PANI-Pt composite electrode. After that PANI was doped with Poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) and then doped with aurum (Au) particle to form a composite film. This modified electrodes exhibited high electroactivity in the neutral solution and the electroactivity was evidenced by anodic oxidation of ascorbic acid. This research includes following two parts: Part I. Application of statistical experimental strategies to methanol oxidation on PANI-Pt composite electrode Fractional factorial design and response surface methodology coupled with central composite design were employed to study systematically the effect of such deposition conditions as deposited charge, reaction temperature for the formation of PANI and deposited charge for Pt on the methanol oxidation current for a PANI-Pt composite electrode. The deposited charge and reaction temperature of PANI are identified as the key variables that influence the methanol oxidation current. Through response surface methodology, an empirical equation for methanol oxidation current is fitted and plotted as contour diagrams in order to facilitate examination of experimental results. The contour plots indicate that the high value of methanol oxidation current (38 A/cm2 *gram of Pt) can be obtained at a deposited charge of PANI of 0.13 C/cm2 and a reaction temperature of 25 °C. The results of the confirmation experiments support the predictions of the statistical approach. Part II. Characterization of ascorbic acid oxidation on PANI/PSSMA/Au composite electrode PANI and PANI doping with PSSMA electrodes were prepared by cyclic voltammetry and then was doped with Au particle by a potentiostatic method to form a composite electrode. Their morphology, functional group, phase identification, and chemical composition were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that PANI/PSSMA electrode has higher doping level and lower content of by-products than PANI electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was used to investigate the electrochemical properties, electrocatalytic activity and stability of PANI, PANI/Au, PANI/PSSMA and PANI/PSSMA/Au for ascorbic acid oxidation. Result indicates that PANI/PSSMA/Au has a better activity and stability for ascorbic acid oxidation in neutral solution.
30
He, Yi-Lun, and 何宜倫. "Application of Graphene/PANI/PSS composite materials on Lithium ion battery." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4q779a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
材料科技研究所
105
The main objective of the present investigation is to Graphene, Polyaniline(PANI), poly(styrene sulfonic acid)(PSS) composite were synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization .The composite materials were combined with Li-ion cathode material LiCoO2. Graphene is high electronic conduction ability and PANI have excellent redox,Have excellent decentralized of PSS in organic aqueous. XRD analysis was used to characterize the crystal structure of these composite materials, surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. First,Graphene and PANI synthesized composites by varying the mass ratio on the lithium ion battery.The mass ratio of Graphene/PANI are 6%,4%,2%.EIS results show that the Rsei is 81.44 ohm,Rct is 112.4 ohm,Rtotal is 197.34ohm when the mass ratio is from 4%.ΔE is 0.197 by CVcurve data. Second,PSS add to Graphene/PANI composites by varying the mole ratio on the lithium ion battery. The mole ratio of PANI: PSS are 8:1,4:1,1:1.EIS results show that the Rsei is 57.43 ohm,Rct is 126.2 ohm,Rtotal is 186.8ohm when the mole ratio is from 8:1.ΔE is 0.203 by CVcurve data. Excellent decentralize characteristic of PSS can increase the composites porosity and increase lithium ion diffusion. Graphene/PANI/PSS composites are capacitance performance better than Graphene/PANI composites in high current by Charge and discharge analysis.Because ion diffusion is important than electronic conduction in high current work. The results will be so.
31
Lin, Hua-Wei, and 林華偉. "Study on the CNT/PANI composite anode for microbial fuel cell." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91820947972361398097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
98
This study use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) composite as the anode of microbial fuel cells (MFC). The CNTs are prepared by arc discharge and then combined with polyaniline by in situ polymerization. The obtained composite material are coated on stainless steel to form the anode of microbial fuel cell. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are adopted to observe the chemical composition and surface morphology of the CNTs/PANI composites. By the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) testing for E.coli, it is verified that CNTs/PANI composite is compatible with microorganism. Make the proportion of two different CNTS composites, namely 5wt.% and 10wt.% CNTS in CNTs/PANI composites anode into fuel cell systems for performance comparison testing.The case of 10wt.% CNTs shows the highest power density of 6.506 mW/m2, compared to the uncoated stainless steel enhanced 317%, so CNTs/PANI composite suitable for application as a microbial fuel cell.
32
Maity, Krishna Prasad. "Charge transport in functionalized carbon nanotube and composite with polyaniline at low temperature." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a very well-known material with very high thermal conductivity, high Young modulus and high electrical conductivity. The sp2 bonded C=C π-electrons delocalize in the whole lattice give rise to high electrical conductivity. So, the defect, disorder and disturbance of this π-electrons in CNT affects the charge transport significantly at low temperature. Chemical functionalization breaks sp2 bonds and creates sp3 bonds and enhances the disorder in the system.
On the other hand, polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer, known for high conductivity, easy to synthesize and low-cost monomer. The composite with CNT enhances the electrical conductivity and environmental stability of the PANI composite. All these good properties emerge in the system due to Van der Waals interaction between CNT and PANI. The chemical functionalization of CNT attaches different functional groups on the surface, edges and enhances the electrostatic polar interaction between CNT and PANI. Due to high conductivity, stability they are used in many applications like flexible technology, the electrode of a supercapacitor, gas sensing and so on. In this thesis, I have studied the charge transport of CNT and composite with PANI at low temperature to understand the effect of chemical functionalization of CNT.
The electrical charge transport and magnetoresistance (MR) of functionalized CNT of different degree of chemical functionalization are measured at low temperature and high magnetic field. It is observed that resistivity increases with decreasing temperature and the variation of resistivity increases with increasing degree of functionalization. Functionalization of CNT increases the disorders and electron-electron interaction in the system. The charge transport is at the boundary of strong and weak localization regime not in the deep of either.
To understand the effect of enhanced polar interaction between fCNT and PANI in charge transport, the charge transport and MR of (f)CNT/PANI composites by varying weight percentage of filler and degree of functionalization of CNT in the composite are measured at low temperature. It is observed that for fCNT/PANI composite resistivity increases almost four orders of magnitude higher than CNT/PANI composite at 4.2 K. Interestingly, MR transition from negative to positive takes place above 10 wt% of fCNT/PANI composites due to chemical functionalization of CNT. Also, for lower degree of chemical functionalization, MR crossover from positive to negative is observed by increasing temperature (T > 10 K).
To understand the charge transport mechanism in the composites, the impedance spectroscopy, dielectric measurement, modulus spectroscopy and ac conductivity measurements of (f)CNT/PANI composites are performed at low temperature. It is observed that negative dielectric constant appears in CNT/PANI composite below 10 K and it goes to positive value by increasing temperature and chemical functionalization of CNT. The ac conductivity reveals that the charge transport is dominated by single electron tunneling in CNT/PANI composite and due to chemical functionalization of CNT the charge transport is manifested by small polaron tunneling in the fCNT/PANI composites.
33
Lien, Zhi-Jie, and 連致傑. "A high sensitivity NO surface acoustic wave sensor based on Cu2+/PANI/WO3 composite film." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43eqsg.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士義守大學
電機工程學系
105
Monitoring of respiratory diseases can be achieved by detecting breath gases in human exhaled air or using complex medical equipment so far. These analyses are excessively time consuming. In this work, various concentrations of copper-ion-doped(Cu2+) PANI/WO3 film were coated onsurface acoustic wave (SAW) devices as sensors to detect ppb-level nitric oxide in air at room temperature. The humidity testing and collecting asthma patient breath samples were also used to evaluate potential practical application for human breath. The developed SAW sensors could sensitively detect 1-310 ppb NO in dry air. The sensing characteristics, including sensitivity, repeatability, reversibility and response time were studied.In addition, the interference effects from ammonia, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxidewere also investigated in this work, and they have been shown that the interferences could be neglected.However, the relative humidity influenced the detection properties of the prepared SAW sensors. Finally,the developed SAW sensors detected breath samples that were collected from asthma patients and NO values obtained by a SAW devicewere compared to those of the commercial equipment NObreath.
34
Lin, Hsueh-Chang, and 林學昌. "Effect of the concentration of doping acid and oxidant on the properties for Pani/Fe3O4@SiO2 nano composite." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27102328248844163464.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程系
103
This study consists of two parts, the first part of the catalyst is ammonia, TEOS as silicon source, using stober method prepared silica coated magnetic particles Fe3O4. The second part used intrinsically conductive polymer polyaniline with the above mentioned the silica coated Fe3O4 composite particles for reaction, by in situ polymerization prepared of the Pani / Fe3O4@SiO2 composite with aniline, ammonium persulfate as the oxidant, hydrochloric acid as dopant, under acidic conditions. Preparation of the Pani / Fe3O4@SiO2 composite by seven test instrument FT-IR, UV-VIS, XRD, SPSA, TGA, the Four-Point Probe and Alternating Gradient Magnetomete. FTIR, UV-VIS, SPSA, TGA results showed that has the characteristics of silica and polyaniline on Fe3O4 magnetic particles with the functional groups appear, this confirms that the composite particles composed of Fe3O4, silica and polyaniline. By XRD analysis, the results showed that pure polyaniline composed mainly of amorphous, the composite particles appear Fe3O4 strong diffraction peaks. Moreover, conductivity of the composite with the doping concentration of hydrochloric acid and Ani: APS ratio change, the highest conductivity at 1.2M and Ani: APS = 2: 1, this means that suitable doping concentration and the ratio of aniline and oxidant, conductivity of the composite can achieve the best results. Finally, AGM results show that, because Fe3O4 coated SiO2 and polyaniline, such that saturation magnetization (Ms) and residual magnetization (Mr) significantly reduce, however, the coercive force of the opposite trend.
35
Mavundla, Sipho Enos. "Synthesis and electrochemical characterisation of conducting polyaniline-fly ash matrix composites." Thesis, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9061_1259922060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to produce useful composite materials from fly ash, a major waste product of coal combustion from power plants. Polyaniline-fly ash (PANI-FA) composites were prepared by in situ polymerisation of aniline in the presence of Fly Ash (FA) by two slightly different methods. In one case polystyrene sulphonic acid (PSSA) was used as a stabilizer and in another case the starting materials (aniline and FA) were aged before oxidation. The aging procedure formed nanotubes that have cross-sectional diameters of 50-110 nm. The other procedure produced nanotubes with a diameter of 100-500 nm and the length of up to 10&mu
m. The presence of metal oxides and silica in FA were responsible for the formation of nanorods in PANI-PSSA-FA.. The formation of the composites was confirmed by UV-Vis and FTIR. The UV-Vis showed maximum absorbance at 330-360 nm ( due to &pi
-&pi
* transition of benzoid rings) and 600-650 nm(due to charge transfer excitons of quinoid rings), which are characteristics of emaraldine base. The electrochemical analysis of the composites showed that the composites were conductive and electroactive. The Cyclic Voltammetry of PANI-PSSA-FA showed three redox couples which are characteristics of sulphonated PANI. The morphology of the composites was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and showed that our methods gave composites with improved homogeneity as compared to other reported methods. Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of FA in the composites improves the thermal stability of the composites by up to 100 0C.
36
Bora, Pritom Jyoti. "Design and Tailoring of Polymer Composite Ultra-thin Films for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding." Thesis, 2017. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a serious issue. Lightweight, flexible polymer nanocomposite materials have been a key interest for EMI shielding and microwave absorption due to many advantages over traditionally used metal sheets. This work is about design and tailoring of polymer composites and its film for absorption of predominant EMI shielding. It consists of four major parts, viz., (i) materials tuning, (ii) morphology tuning, (iii) electromagnetic (EM) property study of polymer composite and (iv) EM simulation. In case of materials tuning, the base material is taken as fly ash cenosphere (FAC) which is an industrial waste, whereas weather resistive PVB is taken as the base polymer matrix.
In Chapter 1, the motivation for the thesis is established, based on literature and current challenges in EMI shielding materials. The issues of polymer composite for real time EMI shielding application are addressed and discussed. These issues are mainly lightweight, thickness, processing, flexibility, weather resistivity, morphology and most importantly coat ability. This is the reason for attraction towards ultra-thin polymer composite film for EMI shielding.
In Chapter 2, the polymer composite design approach, EMI shielding measurement technique and simulation procedures adopted in the thesis are detailed. The EMI shielding effectiveness measurement through waveguide method by using vector network analyzer (VNA) is discussed here, along with details of the EM characterization methods employed. Secondly, the basic mechanism of EMI shielding and reflection loss in the materials and films are discussed. The EM simulation methodologies used are also discussed. These simulations concern the complex S-parameters and absorption power, which are common across a large portion of the thesis. Simulation which are specific to a particular portion are explained in the appropriate places in the corresponding chapters.
Chapter 3 is the most important chapter of this thesis. In this chapter, the utilization of industrial waste FAC based polymer composites and its film for EM applications is studied. Both experimental and simulated results are discussed. FAC is metal and metal oxide coated by chemical and electroless method and dielectrics/absorption property is studied. The coating thickness is optimized based on the absorption property. Further, in situ conducting polymer (Polyaniline or PANI) composite synthesis is carried out and solution processed to prepare ultra-thin films. Two case studies are considered here. In the first case, PANI/FAC based composites were used as a filler in PVB, Secondly, PANI/FAC composites are directly solution processed. The EMI SE of these ultra-thin films are investigated with shielding mechanism. Based on the understanding of this chapter, morphology tuning of the polymer composites was considered in the next chapter.
In Chapter 4, the morphology tuning of polymer nanocomposite for EMI shielding and absorption was studied. As a case study, the manganese di-oxide (MnO2) was taken and morphologically different nanostructures were synthesized using standard chemical methods and polymer nanocomposite is prepared. Based on obtained reflection loss (RL), in situ conducting polymer-MnO2 nanorod composite was synthesized and free standing ultra-thin film was prepared by solution processing. The EMI SE and shielding mechanism of these films were investigated. Based on the understanding of this chapter, PVB-conducting polymer nanocomposite films were designed for EMI shielding, which is discussed in the next chapter.
In Chapter 5, EMI SE of PVB–PANI nanofiber composite film was studied. PANI nanofiber was synthesized by standard chemical procedure at low temperature and characterized. PVBPANI nanofiber composites were prepared by simple solution casting and characterized. The results indicate that the PVB-PANI nanofiber composite film has better EMI shielding and shielding due to absorption property, as compared to PVB-PANI composite films. Thus, based on this understanding, another conducting polymer, PEDOT:PSS, based novel PVBPEDOT:PSS hybrid composite films were synthesized and discussed in the next chapter.
In Chapter 6, novel hybrid PVB-PEDOT:PSS based ultra-thin composite films for EMI shielding were designed. Initially, PVB-PEDOT:PSS ratio was optimized with a potential shielding effectiveness. Secondly, EMI SE of this PVB-PEDOT:PSS film was enhanced by introducing conducting, optimized nickel coated glass fabric. Finally, for more specific EMI shielding applications, optically transparent PVB-PEDOT:PSS-ITO ultra-thin hybrid film was prepared with an appreciable shielding effectiveness.
In summary, this thesis has made contribution towards design and tailoring of absorption predominant EMI shielding enhancement of polymer composites based on industrial waste, metal, metal oxide, conducting polymer and conducting glass fabric, and its ultra-thin film having large area coat ability. All the properties were optimized keeping in mind the final polymer composite should be used as a coated film rather than a thick pellet. In a nutshell, in these studies more than 99 % of EMI shielding was demonstrated.
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"Caracterização eletroquimica do composito PSSO3H/PAni para aplicação em celulas a combustivel." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2005. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000374343.
Повний текст джерела
38
SHU-SHIAO-YUN and 許曉雲. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (PANI/MWCNT) Composites." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70709482175583868681.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士南台科技大學
化學工程與材枓工程系
97
Abstract Polyaniline belongs to one of the intrinsically conducting polymers(ICP) and owns specific properties which include good environmental stability, ease preparation and so on. Likewise, multi-walled carbon nantube(MWCNT) possesses high flexibility, low mass density etc. This thesis contains part one is synthesizing polyaniline with carboxylic groups contained multi-walled carbon nanotubes(c-MWCNT) with different dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) concentrations. The results of electrical conductivity measurement indicate that adding 0.05 moles DBSA of composite, the conductivity decreased to 49.30 S/cm. By the thermal analysis, the Tonset2 of composites decrease with DBSA concentration. It is observed through transmission electron microscopy that the diameter of PANI/MWCNT composites is getting bigger with increasing DBSA concentrations. Besides, from the contact angle analysis, it can be realized that the composites tend to be more hydrophilic. Part two is synthesizing polyaniline with different c-MWCNT concentrations and discussing the morphology and other properties of composites further. The results indicate that the conductivity and thermal property of composites are improved when adding more MWCNT. It is observed through transmission electron microscopy that the morphology of composite looks like fiber. Part three is about synthesizing Epoxy/PANI/MWCNT composites and discussing the conductivity. The results indicate that the conductivity and film forming are better when Epoxy/PANI/MWCNT composite was prepared with 50phr CTBN.
39
Su, Shu-Nu, and 蘇淑女. "The Effectiveness of Composite Dressing on Cost of Dressing Change, Pain and Infection of Wound for Patients with Liver Resection." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07934730473919527334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士中臺科技大學
護理系碩士班
103
Hepatic cancer is the second leading causes of top 10 causes of cancer death in Taiwan in 2013 and surgery is its primary treatment . There are no standards for dressing material and secure method. If the dressing becomes wound-adhered, it easily discomforts patients during change dressing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of composite dressings on dressing change cost, wound pain and infections. Subjects were randomly assigned into control group and experimental group using quasi-experimental research design. In control group, gauze was used and taped around it to secure the dressing while composite dressing was directly used in the experimental group. We collected the post-surgery dressing change cost (gauze and tape, composite dressing, dressing change time, infectious waste quantity, dressing change nursing cost and total cost), wound pain and infection data for the first post-surgery 5 days. The results showed that dressing change material cost and total payment increased in the experimental group, the dressing change time reduction leaded to lower nursing cost and fewer infectious waste quantity; the daily intensity of pain before, during and after dressing change there were significant effect in the interaction between the dressing and time of two ethnic groups while there was no significant effect on wound infection between two groups. Composite dressings were more expensive, but it could reduce the cost in human resources and infectious waste quantity Thus, we strongly recommend the application of composite dressings for patients. Key word : post liver resection, composite dressing, dressing change cost, wound pain, infection
40
Ghosh, Soumyadeb. "Solvent Effects And Ionic Interactions In Polyaniline Systems." Thesis, 1995. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1844.
Повний текст джерела
41
Ghosh, Soumyadeb. "Solvent Effects And Ionic Interactions In Polyaniline Systems." Thesis, 1995. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1844.
Повний текст джерела
42
Chao, Tzu-Yu, and 趙子祐. "Clinical evaluation of the association between dental anxiety and the pain experience related to cavity preparation of composite resin filling in adult patients." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88290158774976628793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立陽明大學
牙醫學系
104
Dentine hypersensitivity is the short-lasting acute pain, commonly evoked by cold, hot or tactile stimuli, which cannot be attributed to other dental lesions or diseases. It is widely known that pain is not only influenced by the condition of a physical lesion, but also by emotional and cognitive factors. Among these factors, dental anxiety and pain catastrophizing are associated with dental pain. In the current study, we investigated 40 patients who received composite resin restoration in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. We assessed the pain during cavity preparation, clinical hypersensitivity experience in different treatment stages, and patients’ degree of dental anxiety and pain catastrophizing. The association between pain during cavity preparation, dental anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and the clinical hypersensitivity experience in different treatment stages is analyzed and discussed. Our results show that (1) the degree of dental anxiety is statistically positively correlated to the pain during cavity preparation. (2) Among the patients with different diagnoses for receiving composite resin restoration, including caries, cervical abrasion or previous failure in restoration, the pain during cavity preparation, dental anxiety and pain catastrophizing do not significantly differ. (3) Each of the clinical hypersensitivity experiences (intolerability, motivation to receive treatment and duration of symptoms) significantly differ across different treatment stages (before treatment, after cavity preparation, after filling and one week post-treatment), and the clinical hypersensitivity experiences in the second treatment stage(i.e., after cavity preparation) are statistically positively correlated to the pain during cavity preparation. In the study, we used a customized labeled magnitude scale – the Clinical Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ). The CHEQ combines the advantages of the traditional verbal descriptor scale and visual analog scale of pain assessment, and it is able to assess multiple aspects related to hypersensitivity, including intolerability, motivation to receive treatment and duration of symptoms. The findings would contribute to our knowledge about the dynamic experience of hypersensitivity during composite resin restoration. It highlights that both pain control and anxiety management is critical to the patients who receive composite resin restoration.
43
Riggien, Lance. "The reliability and validity of the composite orthopaedic rating scale as a measurement of clinical severity in the investigation of mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1958.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dissertation presented in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003.The aim of this investigation was to develop inter-examiner reliability as well as construct and concurrent validity of the Composite Orthopedic Ratin g Scale (CO RS) so that it may be used as an applicable measurement instrument for use in clinical trials relating to mechanical low back pain. This prospective, single - blinded construct and concurrent validity and inter-examiner reliability study consisted of 122 participants, all suffering from mechanical low back pain, specifically lumbar facet or sacro-iliac syndrome. The participants were only required for 1 visit where they were assessed and diagnosed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Thereafter, both the researcher and a blinded, independent examiner applied the tests contained in the Composite orthopedic Rating ScaLe (CO RS) to the participants. Subjective data was obtained using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale- 101. Objective data was obtained from the results of the appIication of the provocative Orthopedic test in the CORS
M
44
Mahanta, Debajyoti. "Synthesis And Environmental Applications Of Polyaniline And Its Nanocomposites." Thesis, 2011. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present thesis is focused on the synthesis and environmental applications of polyaniline and its nanocomposites. It is organized in six chapters and brief discussions of the contents of the individual chapters are given below. Chapter 1 reviews two important water purification methods: adsorption and photocatalysis, which are widely discussed in literature. A general introduction to conducting polymers has been given and their photocatalytic activity has been described. Chapter 2 reports the application of polyaniline emeraldine salt for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption. A possible mechanism for the anionic dye adsorption by PANI emeraldine salt has been proposed. The electrostatic interaction between the positively charged PANI backbone and dye anions is responsible for significant dye adsorption. The kinetic parameters for the adsorption of anionic dyes on PANI have also been determined. In Chapter 3, we investigate the adsorption and desorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solution by PANI doped with different protonic acids. PANI with three dopants, namely p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) were used to adsorb various dyes. The adsorbed dyes were desorbed from the polymer by using a basic aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption of dye is dependent on the size and nature of the dopant acids. The influence of different dopants on the adsorption and desorption kinetic parameters was also examined. In chapter 4, the inherent property of PANI to adsorb dyes has been explored for the detection of dyes by electrochemical method. The changes in the CV of PANI film coated on Pt electrodes on addition of dye have been employed for detection of dye in aqueous solution. Furthermore, PANI coated stainless steel (SS) electrodes show a change in current intensity of Fe2+/Fe3+ redox peaks due to addition of dye in the electrolyte solution. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-grafted-chitosan (CPANI) with different grafting ratios. The mechanical properties and the crystallinity of CPANI were investigated by means of nanoindentation and X-ray diffraction experiments, respectively. CPANI has been further self-assembled into multilayer thin film via versatile and simple layer-by-layer (LbL) approach. Negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HUA) was used as complementary polyelectrolyte for the self-assembly. LbL growth of the multilayer thin films has been monitored with UV-vis spectral analysis as well as by AFM. The formation of thin film has been further characterized by SEM. The pH responsive behavior of CPANI/HUA multilayer thin film has been investigated. Reusability of this thin film has been investigated by repeating the pH responsive experiments for 10 cycles. Chapter 6 is focused on the preparation of nanocomposite thin films of CPANI/PSS/TiO2 via LbL approach. LbL growth of this self-assembly was monitored by UV-vis spectral analysis and porous nature was observed from SEM images. Poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) was used as bridging layer between TiO2 nanoparticles and CPANI for the multilayer self-assembly. Incorporation of CPANI within this LbL self-assembly enhanced the dye degradation ability of the thin film by increasing the availability of dye molecules around the TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, CPANI may act as a sensitizer to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The effects of surface area of the multilayer thin film and amount of catalysts (TiO2 nanoparticles) incorporated in the self-assembly were described based on the kinetics of the dye degradation reactions. The same multilayer thin film can be efficiently used for dye degradation several times. The work presented in this thesis utilizes unique dye adsorption properties of PANI and its copolymers. The change in conductivity of PANI after dye adsorption and the electrochemical dye detection in aqueous medium promise the potential of PANI as a dye sensing material in waste water at very low concentration. The nanocomposites of CPANI/PSS/TiO2 present a novel material for photocatalysis.
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Mahanta, Debajyoti. "Synthesis And Environmental Applications Of Polyaniline And Its Nanocomposites." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present thesis is focused on the synthesis and environmental applications of polyaniline and its nanocomposites. It is organized in six chapters and brief discussions of the contents of the individual chapters are given below. Chapter 1 reviews two important water purification methods: adsorption and photocatalysis, which are widely discussed in literature. A general introduction to conducting polymers has been given and their photocatalytic activity has been described. Chapter 2 reports the application of polyaniline emeraldine salt for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption. A possible mechanism for the anionic dye adsorption by PANI emeraldine salt has been proposed. The electrostatic interaction between the positively charged PANI backbone and dye anions is responsible for significant dye adsorption. The kinetic parameters for the adsorption of anionic dyes on PANI have also been determined. In Chapter 3, we investigate the adsorption and desorption of anionic dyes from aqueous solution by PANI doped with different protonic acids. PANI with three dopants, namely p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) were used to adsorb various dyes. The adsorbed dyes were desorbed from the polymer by using a basic aqueous solution. It was found that the adsorption of dye is dependent on the size and nature of the dopant acids. The influence of different dopants on the adsorption and desorption kinetic parameters was also examined. In chapter 4, the inherent property of PANI to adsorb dyes has been explored for the detection of dyes by electrochemical method. The changes in the CV of PANI film coated on Pt electrodes on addition of dye have been employed for detection of dye in aqueous solution. Furthermore, PANI coated stainless steel (SS) electrodes show a change in current intensity of Fe2+/Fe3+ redox peaks due to addition of dye in the electrolyte solution. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-grafted-chitosan (CPANI) with different grafting ratios. The mechanical properties and the crystallinity of CPANI were investigated by means of nanoindentation and X-ray diffraction experiments, respectively. CPANI has been further self-assembled into multilayer thin film via versatile and simple layer-by-layer (LbL) approach. Negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HUA) was used as complementary polyelectrolyte for the self-assembly. LbL growth of the multilayer thin films has been monitored with UV-vis spectral analysis as well as by AFM. The formation of thin film has been further characterized by SEM. The pH responsive behavior of CPANI/HUA multilayer thin film has been investigated. Reusability of this thin film has been investigated by repeating the pH responsive experiments for 10 cycles. Chapter 6 is focused on the preparation of nanocomposite thin films of CPANI/PSS/TiO2 via LbL approach. LbL growth of this self-assembly was monitored by UV-vis spectral analysis and porous nature was observed from SEM images. Poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) was used as bridging layer between TiO2 nanoparticles and CPANI for the multilayer self-assembly. Incorporation of CPANI within this LbL self-assembly enhanced the dye degradation ability of the thin film by increasing the availability of dye molecules around the TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, CPANI may act as a sensitizer to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The effects of surface area of the multilayer thin film and amount of catalysts (TiO2 nanoparticles) incorporated in the self-assembly were described based on the kinetics of the dye degradation reactions. The same multilayer thin film can be efficiently used for dye degradation several times. The work presented in this thesis utilizes unique dye adsorption properties of PANI and its copolymers. The change in conductivity of PANI after dye adsorption and the electrochemical dye detection in aqueous medium promise the potential of PANI as a dye sensing material in waste water at very low concentration. The nanocomposites of CPANI/PSS/TiO2 present a novel material for photocatalysis.
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FORMICONI, Cristina. "LÈD: Il Lavoro È un Diritto. Nuove soluzioni all’auto-orientamento al lavoro e per il recruiting online delle persone con disabilità." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
INTRODUZIONE: Il presente progetto di ricerca nasce all’interno di un Dottorato Eureka, sviluppato grazie al contributo della Regione Marche, dell’Università di Macerata e dell’azienda Jobmetoo by Jobdisabili srl, agenzia per il lavoro esclusivamente focalizzata sui lavoratori con disabilità o appartenenti alle categorie protette. Se trovare lavoro è già difficile per molti, per chi ha una disabilità diventa un percorso pieno di ostacoli. Nonostante, infatti, la legge 68/99 abbia una visione tra le più avanzate in Europa, l’Italia è stata ripresa dalla Corte Europea per non rispettare i propri doveri relativamente al collocamento mirato delle persone con disabilità. Tra chi ha una disabilità, la disoccupazione è fra il 50% e il 70% in Europa, con punte dell’80% in Italia. L’attuale strategia europea sulla disabilità 2010-2020 pone come obiettivi fondamentali la lotta alla discriminazione, le pari opportunità e l’inclusione attiva. Per la realizzazione di tali obiettivi assume un’importanza centrale l’orientamento permanente: esso si esercita in forme e modalità diverse a seconda dei bisogni, dei contesti e delle situazioni. La centralità di tutti gli interventi orientativi è il riconoscimento della capacità di autodeterminazione dell’essere umano, che va supportato nel trovare la massima possibilità di manifestarsi e realizzarsi. Ciò vale ancora di più per le persone con disabilità, in quanto risultano fondamentali tutte quelle azioni che consentono loro di raggiungere una consapevolezza delle proprie capacità/abilità accanto al riconoscimento delle caratteristiche della propria disabilità. L’orientamento assume così un valore permanente nella vita di ogni persona, garantendone lo sviluppo e il sostegno nei processi di scelta e di decisione con l’obiettivo di promuovere l’occupazione attiva, la crescita economica e l’inclusione sociale. Oggi giorno il frame work di riferimento concettuale nel campo della disabilità è l’International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), il quale ha portato a un vero e proprio rovesciamento del termine disabilità dal negativo al positivo: non si parla più di impedimenti, disabilità, handicap, ma di funzioni, strutture e attività. In quest’ottica, la disabilità non appare più come mera conseguenza delle condizioni fisiche dell’individuo, ma scaturisce dalla relazione fra l’individuo e le condizioni del mondo esterno. In termini di progetto di vita la sfida della persona con disabilità è quella di poter essere messa nelle condizioni di sperimentarsi come attore della propria esistenza, con il diritto di poter decidere e, quindi, di agire di conseguenza in funzione del proprio benessere e della qualità della propria vita, un una logica di autodeterminazione.
OBIETTIVO: Sulla base del background e delle teorie di riferimento analizzate e delle necessità aziendali è stata elaborata la seguente domanda di ricerca: è possibile aumentare la consapevolezza negli/nelle studenti/esse e laureati/e con disabilità che si approcciano al mondo del lavoro, rispetto alle proprie abilità, competenze, risorse, oltre che alle limitazioni imposte dalla propria disabilità? L’obiettivo è quello di sostenere i processi di auto-riflessione sulla propria identità e di valorizzare il ruolo attivo della persona stessa nella sua autodeterminazione, con la finalità ultima di aumentare e migliorare il match tra le persone con disabilità e le imprese. L’auto-riflessione permetterà di facilitare il successivo contatto dialogico con esperti di orientamento e costituirà una competenza che il soggetto porterà comunque come valore aggiunto nel mondo del lavoro.
METODI E ATTIVITÀ: Il paradigma teorico-metodologico adottato è un approccio costruttivista: peculiarità di questo metodo è che ciascuna componente della ricerca può essere riconsiderata o modificata nel corso della sua conduzione o come conseguenza di cambiamenti introdotti in qualche altra componente e pertanto il processo è caratterizzato da circolarità; la metodologia e gli strumenti non sono dunque assoggettati alla ricerca ma sono al servizio degli obiettivi di questa.
Il primo passo del progetto di ricerca è stato quello di ricostruzione dello stato dell’arte, raccogliendo dati, attraverso la ricerca bibliografica e sitografica su: l’orientamento, la normativa vigente in tema di disabilità, i dati di occupazione/disoccupazione delle persone con disabilità e gli strumenti di accompagnamento al lavoro. A fronte di dati mancanti sul territorio italiano relativi alla carriera e ai fabbisogni lavorativi degli/delle studenti/esse e laureati/e con disabilità, nella prima fase del progetto di ricerca è stata avviata una raccolta dati su scala nazionale, relativa al monitoraggio di carriera degli studenti/laureati con disabilità e all’individuazione dei bisogni connessi al mondo del lavoro. Per la raccolta dati è stato sviluppato un questionario ed è stata richiesta la collaborazione a tutte le Università italiane.
Sulla base dei dati ricavati dal questionario, della letteratura e delle indagini esistenti sulle professioni, nella fase successiva della ricerca si è proceduto alla strutturazione di un percorso di auto-orientamento, volto ad aumentare la consapevolezza nelle persone con disabilità delle proprie abilità e risorse, accanto a quella dei propri limiti. In particolare, il punto di partenza per la costruzione del percorso è stata l’Indagine Istat- Isfol sulle professioni (2012) e la teoria delle Intelligenze Multiple di H. Gardner (1983). Si è arrivati così alla strutturazione del percorso di auto-orientamento, composto da una serie di questionari attraverso i quali il candidato è chiamato ad auto-valutare le proprie conoscenze, le competenze, le condizioni di lavoro che gli richiedono più o meno sforzo e le intelligenze che lo caratterizzano, aggiungendo a questi anche una parte più narrativa dove il soggetto è invitato a raccontare i propri punti di forza, debolezza e le proprie aspirazioni in ambito professionale.
Per sperimentare il percorso di auto-orientamento creato, nell’ultima fase della ricerca è stato predisposto uno studio pilota per la raccolta di alcuni primi dati qualitativi con target differenti, studenti/esse universitari/e e insegnanti di scuola superiore impegnati nel tema del sostegno e dell’orientamento, e utilizzando diversi strumenti (autopresentazioni, test multidimensionale autostima, focus group).
CONCLUSIONI: I dati ottenuti dallo studio pilota, seppur non generalizzabili, in quanto provenienti da un campione esiguo, hanno evidenziato come il percorso di auto-orientamento attivi una riflessione sulla visione di sé nei diversi contesti e un cambiamento, in positivo o in negativo, nell’autostima e nella valutazione di sé in diverse aree, ad esempio nell’area delle relazioni interpersonali, del vissuto corporeo, dell’emotività ecc. Tali dati ci hanno permesso soprattutto di evidenziare punti di forza e debolezza del percorso creato e di apportare modifiche per una maggiore comprensione e adattabilità del prodotto stesso. Il valore del percorso orientativo è connesso al ruolo attivo di auto-valutatore giocato dal candidato con disabilità, affiancando a questa prima fase di autovalutazione un successivo confronto dialogico con un esperto, tale da permettere un ancoraggio alla realtà esterna, al contesto in cui il soggetto si trova a vivere. In questo senso, l’orientamento assume il valore di un processo continuo e articolato, che ha come scopo principale quello di sostenere la consapevolezza di sé e delle proprie potenzialità, agendo all’interno dell’area dello sviluppo prossimale della persona verso la realizzazione della propria identità personale, sociale e professionale.