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Статті в журналах з теми "Paleoecology Australia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 січня 2023

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1

Webb, Robert H. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Radiocarbon Ages on Rodent Middens from the Southwestern United States." Radiocarbon 28, no. 1 (1986): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200059981.

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The analysis of rodent middens, principally deposited by packrats (Neotoma sp), has rapidly become the most important paleoecologic and paleoclimatologic tool in the southwestern United States. The recent discovery of rodent middens created by stick-nest rats (Leporillus sp) and rock wallabies (Petrogale sp) in Australia (Green et al, 1983; P S Martin, oral commun, 1984) and by dassie rats (Petromus typicus) in South Africa (L Scott, oral commun, 1984) portends the use of midden analysis in arid regions worldwide. Several recent reviews of southwestern paleoecology (eg, Spaulding et al, 1983) rely heavily on rodent middens for ecologic and climatic reconstructions.

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2

Robinson, Jeffrey H. "Fossil craniid brachiopods (Craniata) of Australia and New Zealand." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 129, no. 2 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs17005.

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Three fossil craniid species from Australia are synonymised. Two species are transferred to two different genera, one to Danocrania and one to Novocrania; these species are described, figured and their geographic ranges illustrated. Five fossil craniid species from New Zealand, four of Novocrania and one of Valdiviathyris, are described, figured and their geographic ranges illustrated. The species described range in age from middle Paleocene to Recent. The paleoecology is summarised.

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3

Łukowiak, Magdalena. "Fossil and modern sponge fauna of southern Australia and adjacent regions compared: interpretation, evolutionary and biogeographic significance of the late Eocene ‘soft’ sponges." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08501002.

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The late Eocene ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern Australia is reconstructed based on disassociated spicules and is used to interpret the paleoecology and environmental context of shallow marine communities in this region. The reconstructed sponge association was compared with coeval sponge assemblages from the Oamaru Diatomite, New Zealand, and with the modern ‘soft’ sponge fauna of southern coastal of Australia. Based on the predominance of shallow- and moderately shallow-water species, the late Eocene assemblage is interpreted to have inhabited waters depths of about 100 m. This contrast with the spicule assemblage from New Zealand, which characterized deeper waters based on the presence of numerous strictly deepwater sponge taxa, and the absence of spicules of shallow-water demosponges represented in the Australian material. The southern Australian Eocene sponge assemblages have clear Tethyan affinities evidenced by the occurrence of sponges known today from diverse regions. This distribution suggests much wider geographical ranges of some sponge taxa during the Eocene. Their present distributions may be relictual. The modern sponge fauna inhabiting southern Australian waters shows only moderate differences from these of the late Eocene. Differences are more pronounced at lower taxonomic levels (family and genus).

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4

Crasquin-Soleau, Sylvie, and Françoise Depêche. "Paleoecology of ODP LEG 122 Triassic Ostracodes (Wombat Plateau, NW Australia)." Geobios 26, no. 3 (January 1993): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(93)80025-m.

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5

SURPRENANT, RACHEL L., JAMES G. GEHLING, and MARY L. DROSER. "BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE PRESERVATIONAL VARIABILITY OF FUNISIA DOROTHEA, EDIACARA MEMBER, SOUTH AUSTRALIA." PALAIOS 35, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.014.

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ABSTRACT The Ediacara Biota represents a turning point in the evolution of life on Earth, signifying the transition from single celled organisms to complex, community-forming macrobiota. The exceptional fossil record of the soft-bodied Ediacara Biota provides critical insight into the nature of this transition and into ecosystem dynamics leading up to the so-called “Cambrian Explosion”. However, the preservation of non-biomineralizing organisms in a diversity of lithologies goes hand-in-hand with considerable taphonomic complexity that often shrouds true paleoecological and paleobiological signatures. We address the nature of this taphonomic complexity within the fossiliferous sandstones of the Ediacara Member in South Australia. Utilizing the most fossiliferous outcropping of the Ediacara Member, located at the Nilpena Station National Heritage Ediacara Fossil Site, we conduct a focused, taxon-level biostratinomic characterization of the tubular organism Funisia dorothea. Funisia is the most abundant body fossil in the Ediacara Member, making the characterization of its preservational variability essential to the accurate interpretation of regional paleobiology and paleoecology. We describe remarkable biostratinomic complexity in all Funisia populations at Nilpena, identifying four distinct preservational variants of internal and external molds and four additional successive biostratinomic grades corresponding to loss of external characters. Synthesis of these observations identify the most robust preservational forms of Funisia for use in paleobiological interpretation and highlight the important impact that Funisia's high abundance had on regional paleoecology and on population-scale preservation in the Ediacara Member.

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6

de Freitas, T. A., F. Brunton, and T. Bernecker. "Silurian Megalodont Bivalves of the Canadian Arctic and Australia: Paleoecology and Evolutionary Significance." PALAIOS 8, no. 5 (October 1993): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3515019.

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7

Solon, Christine M., Mary L. Droser, James G. Gehling, and Mary E. Dzaugis. "Paleoecology of Rugoconites and Tribrachidium: New Data from the Ediacaran of South Australia." Paleontological Society Special Publications 13 (2014): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200010984.

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8

Hall, Christine M. S., Mary L. Droser, James G. Gehling, and Mary E. Dzaugis. "Paleoecology of the enigmatic Tribrachidium: New data from the Ediacaran of South Australia." Precambrian Research 269 (October 2015): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2015.08.009.

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9

Manda, Štěpán, and Vojtěch Turek. "Silurian tarphyceridDiscoceras(Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea): systematics, embryonic development and paleoecology." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 3 (March 27, 2018): 412–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.122.

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AbstractTarphycerids were diverse and abundant in Ordovician marine faunas. Beginning at the Late Ordovician extinction, the diversity of tarphycerids declined throughout the Silurian, until their extinction in the latest Silurian. Two genera survived the Late Ordovician extinction:TrocholitesConrad, 1838 (from whichOphiocerasBarrande, 1865 probably diverged) andDiscocerasBarrande, 1867 (=GraftonocerasFoerste, 1925).Discoceras graftonense(Meek and Worthen, 1870), so far known from the US, China, and Australia, is recorded from the Silurian of Bohemia and Gotland.Discoceras stridsbergin. sp.,D.lindstroemin. sp., andD. sp. indet. from the Wenlock of Gotland andD.amissus(Barrande, 1865) from the Llandovery of Bohemia are all endemic species probably derived fromD.graftonense. The distribution ofD.graftonenseand the origin of four species ofDiscocerasin the latest Sheinwoodian and early Homerian represent the last diversification and dispersion of the Tarphycerida. No tarphycerid species originated after the mid-Homerian extinction (Mulde and Lundgreni events). SilurianDiscocerasretained the morphology and habitats of their Ordovician ancestors. The hatching time and autecology of juveniles has remained unclear. Evidence from the material studied suggests that juveniles were planktonic in habit, possessing a minute curved shell with few phragmocone chambers.Discoceras lindstroemin. sp. is exceptional owing to its heteromorphic planispiral shell with coiling that changed during ontogeny, resulting in a changing aperture orientation and decreased maneuverability.

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10

James, Noel P., and Yvonne Bone. "Paleoecology of Cool-Water, Subtidal Cycles in Mid-Cenozoic Limestones, Eucla Platform, Southern Australia." PALAIOS 9, no. 5 (October 1994): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3515136.

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11

Kano, Akihiro, and Noriko Fujishiro. "Facies and paleoecology of the late ordovician (Caradoc-Ashgill) stromatoporoid bioherms of Tasmania, Australia." Facies 37, no. 1 (December 1997): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02537371.

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12

Wood, Rachel. "Novel paleoecology of a postextinction reef: Famennian (Late Devonian) of the Canning basin, northwestern Australia." Geology 28, no. 11 (November 2000): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0987:npoapr>2.3.co;2.

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13

Wood, Rachel. "Novel paleoecology of a postextinction reef: Famennian (Late Devonian) of the Canning basin, northwestern Australia." Geology 28, no. 11 (2000): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<987:npoapr>2.0.co;2.

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14

Black, Karen H., Michael Archer, and Suzanne J. Hand. "New Tertiary koala (Marsupialia, Phascolarctidae) from Riversleigh, Australia, with a revision of phascolarctid phylogenetics, paleoecology, and paleobiodiversity." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32, no. 1 (January 2012): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.626825.

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15

Webb, G. E. "Quantitative Analysis and Paleoecology of Earliest Mississippian Microbial Reefs, Gudman Formation, Queensland, Australia: Not Just Post-Disaster Phenomena." Journal of Sedimentary Research 75, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.068.

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16

Playford, Phillip E., Anthony E. Cockbain, Roger M. Hocking, and Malcolm W. Wallace. "Novel paleoecology of a postextinction reef: Famennian (Late Devonian) of the Canning basin, northwestern Australia: Comment and Reply." Geology 29, no. 12 (2001): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1155:npoapr>2.0.co;2.

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17

Pohler, Susanne M. L. "Paleoecology, biostratigraphy and paleogeography of Favositidae (Tabulata) from the Emsian to Middle Devonian Tamworth Group (New South Wales, Australia)." Senckenbergiana Lethaea 81, no. 1 (August 2001): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03043296.

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18

Farman, Roy M., and Phil R. Bell. "Australia's earliest tetrapod swimming traces from the Hawkesbury Sandstone (Middle Triassic) of the Sydney Basin." Journal of Paleontology 94, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 966–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.22.

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AbstractThe Hawkesbury Sandstone (Hawkesbury Series, Sydney Basin) on the southeastern coast of New South Wales, Australia, preserves a depauperate but important vertebrate tetrapod body-fossil record from the Early and Middle Triassic. As with many fossil sites around the world, the ichnological record has helped to shed light on the paleoecology of this interval. Herein, we investigate historical reports of a trackway pertaining to a putative short-tailed reptile found at Berowra Creek in the 1940s. Reinvestigation of the surviving track-bearing slabs augmented by archival photographs of the complete trackway, suggests that these impressions, which consist primarily of didactyl tracks (plus less common monodactyl and tridactyl traces), represent the earliest example of a swimming tetrapod found in Australia. Another isolated specimen (possibly from a nearby locality at Annangrove) appears to represent similar didactyl swim traces of a second, larger individual. Although the identities of the trackmakers are unknown, the Berowra Creek individual had an estimated body length of between ~80 cm (short-coupled) and 1.35 m (long-coupled), and produced the subaqueous trackway while travelling upslope (against the current) on a sandbar within a braided river system of the Hawkesbury Sandstone. These trackways partially resemble amphibian swim traces in the so-called Batrachichnus C Lunichnium continuum, but appear to represent a unique locomotion trace. This reanalysis of the Berowra Creek trackway provides insight into the locomotion of tetrapods of the Triassic Hawkesbury Series, which remains a poorly understood aspect of their life history.

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19

Tobin, Kenneth J. "The paleoecology and significance of the Gunflint-type microbial assemblages from the Frere Formation (Early Proterozoic), Nabberu Basin, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 47, no. 1-2 (April 1990): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90031-k.

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20

HENDERSON, R. A., and G. D. PRICE. "PALEOENVIRONMENT AND PALEOECOLOGY INFERRED FROM OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPES OF SUBTROPICAL MOLLUSKS FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS (CENOMANIAN) OF BATHURST ISLAND, AUSTRALIA." PALAIOS 27, no. 9 (October 4, 2012): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2011.p11-120r.

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21

Clapham, M. E., and N. P. James. "Paleoecology Of Early-Middle Permian Marine Communities In Eastern Australia: Response To Global Climate Change In the Aftermath Of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age." PALAIOS 23, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 738–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2008.p08-022r.

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22

Bijl, Peter K., Joost Frieling, Margot J. Cramwinckel, Christine Boschman, Appy Sluijs, and Francien Peterse. "Maastrichtian–Rupelian paleoclimates in the southwest Pacific – a critical re-evaluation of biomarker paleothermometry and dinoflagellate cyst paleoecology at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1172." Climate of the Past 17, no. 6 (November 25, 2021): 2393–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2393-2021.

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Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions based on isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (isoGDGT) distributions from the Eocene southwest (SW) Pacific Ocean are unequivocally warmer than can be reconciled with state-of-the-art fully coupled climate models. However, the SST signal preserved in sedimentary archives can be affected by contributions of additional isoGDGT sources. Methods now exist to identify and possibly correct for overprinting effects on the isoGDGT distribution in marine sediments. Here, we use the current proxy insights to (re-)assess the reliability of the isoGDGT-based SST signal in 69 newly analyzed and 242 reanalyzed sediments at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1172 (East Tasman Plateau, Australia) following state-of-the-art chromatographic techniques. We compare our results with paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatologic reconstructions based on dinoflagellate cysts. The resulting ∼ 130 kyr resolution Maastrichtian–Oligocene SST record based on the TetraEther indeX of tetraethers with 86 carbon atoms (TEX86) confirms previous conclusions of anomalous warmth in the early Eocene SW Pacific and remarkably cool conditions during the mid-Paleocene. Dinocyst diversity and assemblages show a strong response to the local SST evolution, supporting the robustness of the TEX86 record. Soil-derived branched GDGTs stored in the same sediments are used to reconstruct mean annual air temperature (MAAT) of the nearby land using the Methylation index of Branched Tetraethers with 5-methyl bonds (MBT'5me) proxy. MAAT is consistently lower than SST during the early Eocene, independent of the calibration chosen. General trends in SST and MAAT are similar, except for (1) an enigmatic absence of MAAT rise during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, and (2) a subdued middle–late Eocene MAAT cooling relative to SST. Both dinocysts and GDGT signals suggest a mid-shelf depositional environment with strong river runoff during the Paleocene–early Eocene progressively becoming more marine thereafter. This trend reflects gradual subsidence and more pronounced wet/dry seasons in the northward-drifting Australian hinterland, which may also explain the subdued middle Eocene MAAT cooling relative to that of SST. The overall correlation between dinocyst assemblages, marine biodiversity and SST changes suggests that temperature exerted a strong influence on the surface-water ecosystem. Finally, we find support for a potential temperature control on compositional changes of branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs) in marine sediments. It is encouraging that a critical evaluation of the GDGT signals confirms that most of the generated data are reliable. However, this also implies that the high TEX86-based SSTs for the Eocene SW Pacific and the systematic offset between absolute TEX86-based SST and MBT'5me-based MAAT estimates remain without definitive explanation.

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23

Savarese, Michael. "Functional significance of regular archaeocyathan central cavity diameter: a biomechanical and paleoecological test." Paleobiology 21, no. 3 (1995): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001335x.

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Theoretical and experimental biomechanical approaches are used to test the effect regular archaeocyathan central cavity diameter has on the generation of passive flow through the skeleton. These results are then used to predict a correspondence between gross morphology and paleoenvironmental occurrence. Previous work has demonstrated that regular archaeocyathan morphology generates passive flow, via Bernoulli and viscous entrainment effects, through its porous walls for suspension feeding, a phenomenon that occurs in modern sponges. Efficacy of entrainment depends upon the area of the excurrent pore (i.e., central cavity) over which the ambient flow is moving. Consequently, archaeocyaths should have maximized their central cavity diameters.Five-centimeter-long, conical and cylindrical acrylic pipes with varying end diameters were tested in a flume to document the relative effects of Bernoulli and viscous entrainment. Each pipe was oriented perpendicular to the flow direction in a uniform flow field, and fluorescein dye was injected at the pipe's mid-length for flow visualization. Models with different-sized apertures consistently exhibit dye movement to the larger opening and greater dye entrainment speeds than models with identically sized apertures, thereby suggesting that viscous entrainment effects are significant and operating in concert with Bernoulli effects. To test for similar effects in archaeocyaths, four brass models were constructed with varying central cavity diameters. Both volume flux and excurrent flow speed of the exiting water increased as the central cavity diameter increased. An analysis of the morphologies that occur in nature confirm these results. Regular archaeocyaths most commonly have central cavity diameters close to their outer wall diameter, thereby maximizing the excurrent pore area.These results have implications for archaeocyathan paleoecology. Environments with low-magnitude currents should support individuals with larger central cavity diameters than higher energy settings. Data on the occurrence of morphotypes within bioherms of varying flow energies from South Australia support this prediction.

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24

Holtz, Thomas R. "Endemicity analysis of global Cretaceous dinosaurian faunas." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006924.

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It has often been assumed that the intensively studied dinosaur faunal assemblages of western North America and the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China represent “typical” Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate communities. This assumption has led to a paleoecological scenario in which a global ecological shift occurs from the dominance of high-browsing saurischian (i.e., sauropod) to low-browsing ornithischian (i.e., iguanodontian, marginocephalian, ankylosaurian) herbivore communities. Furthermore, the assumption that the Asiamerican dinosaur faunas are communities “typical” of the Late Cretaceous has forced the conclusion that the sauropod-dominated Argentine population must have been an isolated relict ecosystem of primitive taxa (i.e., titanosaurid sauropods, abelisaurid ceratosaurs). Recent discoveries and reinterpretations of other Late Cretaceous assemblages, however, seriously challenge these assumptions.Paleogeography and paleobiogeography have demonstrated that terrestrial landmasses became progressively fractionated from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) to the Late Cretaceous (Campanian), owing to continental drift and the development of large epicontinental seas (the Western Interior Seaway, the Turgai Sea, etc.). The Maastrichtian regressions resulted in the reestablishment of land connection between long isolated regions (for example, western and eastern North America). These geographic changes are reflected in changes in the dinosaurian faunas. These assemblages were rather cosmopolitan in the Late Jurassic (Morrison, Tendaguru, and Upper Shaximiao Formations) but became more provincialized throughout the Cretaceous.Cluster analysis of presence/absence data for the theropod, sauropod, and ornithischian clades indicates that previous assumptions for Late Cretaceous dinosaurian paleoecology are largely in error. These analyses instead suggest that sauropod lineages remained a major faunal component in both Laurasia (Europe, Asia) and Gondwana (South America, Africa, India, and Australia). Only the pre-Maastrichtian Senonian deposits of North America were lacking sauropodomorphs. Furthermore, the abelisaurid/titanosaurid fauna of Argentina is, in fact, probably more typical of Late Cretaceous dinosaurian communities. Rather, it is the coelurosaurian/ornithischian communities of Asiamerica (and particularly North America) that are composed primarily of dinosaurs of small geographic distribution. Thus, the Judithian, Edmontonian, and Lancian faunas, rather than being typical of the Late Cretaceous, most likely represent an isolated island-continent terrestrial vertebrate population, perhaps analogous to the extremely isolated vertebrate communities of Tertiary South America. Furthermore, the shift from high-browsing to low-browsing herbivore “dynasties” more likely represents a local event in Senonian North America and does not represent a global paleoecological transformation of Late Cretaceous dinosaur community structure.

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25

Kelly, Simon R. A. "New trigonioid bivalves from the Albian (Early Cretaceous) of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula: systematics, paleoecology, and austral Cretaceous Paleobiogeography." Journal of Paleontology 69, no. 2 (March 1995): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000034600.

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Newly discovered trigonioid bivalves are systematically described from the Late Albian of the Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna includes Nototrigonia (Nototrigonia) ponticula Skwarko, N. (Callitrigonia) offsetensis n. sp., Eselaevitrigonia macdonaldi n. sp., Pterotrigonia (Pisotrigonia) capricornia (Skwarko), and Pacitrigonia praenuntians n. sp. It represents the first Albian trigonioid fauna described from the Antarctic. It is also the first published record of the Nototrigoniinae (excluding Pacitrigonia) outside Australasia. Paleoecologically, this fauna represents the shallowest and highest energy molluscan assemblage from the Fossil Bluff Group and occurs near the base of a significant transgressive unit, the Mars Glacier Member of the Neptune Glacier Formation. The paleogeography of Austral Cretaceous trigonioids is reviewed. Endemic centers are identified in India–east Africa, southern South America, and Australasia. Only one trigonioid genus, Pacitrigonia, had its origin in the Antarctic. During the earliest Cretaceous, cosmopolitan trigonioid genera occurred in Antarctica. In the mid-Cretaceous faunal similarity of Antarctica with Australasia was strong, and in the latest Cretaceous affinity with southern South America increased.

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26

Izeta, Andrés D., Roxana Cattaneo, Andrés Robledo, and Julián Mignino. "Aproximación multiproxy a los estudios paleoambientales de la provincia de Córdoba: el Valle de Ongamira como caso." Revista del Museo de Antropología 10 (July 26, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v10.n0.14401.

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<p>El objetivo general de este trabajo es el de contribuir con nueva información arqueológica que aporte a un modelo paleoecológico general para las Sierras Pampeanas Australes desde un caso de estudio: el valle de Ongamira, donde han sido planteados cambios, discontinuidades y procesos de complejización durante el Holoceno. Se pretende asociar estos procesos a un marco paleoambiental con datos multi-proxy (dataciones absolutas por 14C y datos isotópicos asociados a estudios sedimentológicos, moluscos, microvertebrados y macro y micro-restos vegetales, entre otros).</p><p><br /><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><br />The aim of this work is to contribute with new archaeological information to the human paleoecology model for the Southern Pampean Hills from a case study: the valley of Ongamira, where changes, discontinuities and complexity processes arise throughout the Holocene. It is intended to associate these processes to a multi-proxy data generated paleoenvironmental framework using absolute dating by 14C and isotopic data associated with sedimentological studies, terrestrial gastropods shells, microvertebrates and macro and micro-debris from plants, among others.</p>

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27

Rehn, Emma, Cassandra Rowe, Sean Ulm, Patricia Gadd, Atun Zawadzki, Geraldine Jacobsen, Craig Woodward, and Michael Bird. "Multiproxy Holocene Fire Records From the Tropical Savannas of Northern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (November 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.771700.

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Paleoecology has demonstrated potential to inform current and future land management by providing long-term baselines for fire regimes, over thousands of years covering past periods of lower/higher rainfall and temperatures. To extend this potential, more work is required for methodological innovation able to generate nuanced, relevant and clearly interpretable results. This paper presents records from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia, as a case study where fire management is an important but socially complex modern management issue, and where palaeofire records are limited. Two new multiproxy palaeofire records are presented from Sanamere Lagoon (8,150–6,600 cal BP) and Big Willum Swamp (3,900 cal BP to present). These records combine existing methods to investigate fire occurrence, vegetation types, and relative fire intensity. Results presented here demonstrate a diversity of fire histories at different sites across Cape York Peninsula, highlighting the need for finer scale palaeofire research. Future fire management planning on Cape York Peninsula must take into account the thousands of years of active Indigenous management and this understanding can be further informed by paleoecological research.

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Smith, Jansen A., John C. Handley, and Gregory P. Dietl. "Accounting for uncertainty from zero inflation and overdispersion in paleoecological studies of predation using a hierarchical Bayesian framework." Paleobiology, September 6, 2021, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.27.

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Abstract The effects of overdispersion and zero inflation (e.g., poor model fits) can result in misinterpretation in studies using count data. These effects have not been evaluated in paleoecological studies of predation and are further complicated by preservational bias and time averaging. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian framework to account for uncertainty from overdispersion and zero inflation in estimates of specimen and predation trace counts. We demonstrate its application using published data on drilling predators and their prey in time-averaged death assemblages from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Our results indicate that estimates of predation frequencies are underestimated when zero inflation is not considered, and this effect is likely compounded by removal of individuals and predation traces via preservational bias. Time averaging likely reduces zero inflation via accumulation of rare taxa and events; however, it increases the uncertainty in comparisons between assemblages by introducing variability in sampling effort. That is, there is an analytical cost with time-averaged count data, manifesting as broader confidence regions. Ecological inferences in paleoecology can be strengthened by accounting for the uncertainty inherent to paleoecological count data and the sampling processes by which they are generated.

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Darroch, Simon A. F., Brandt M. Gibson, Maggie Syversen, Imran A. Rahman, Rachel A. Racicot, Frances S. Dunn, Susana Gutarra, Eberhard Schindler, Achim Wehrmann, and Marc Laflamme. "The life and times of Pteridinium simplex." Paleobiology, May 17, 2022, 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2022.2.

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Abstract Pteridinium simplex is an iconic erniettomorph taxon best known from late Ediacaran successions in South Australia, Russia, and Namibia. Despite nearly 100 years of study, there remain fundamental questions surrounding the paleobiology and paleoecology of this organism, including its life position relative to the sediment–water interface, and how it fed and functioned within benthic communities. Here, we combine a redescription of specimens housed at the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt with field observations of fossiliferous surfaces, to constrain the life habit of Pteridinium and gain insights into the character of benthic ecosystems shortly before the beginning of the Cambrian. We present paleontological and sedimentological evidence suggesting that Pteridinium was semi-infaunal and lived gregariously in aggregated communities, preferentially adopting an orientation with the long axis perpendicular to the prevailing current direction. Using computational fluid dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that this life habit could plausibly have led to suspended food particles settling within the organism's central cavity. This supports interpretation of Pteridinium as a macroscopic suspension feeder that functioned similarly to the coeval erniettomorph Ernietta, emblematic of a broader paleoecological shift toward benthic suspension-feeding strategies over the course of the latest Ediacaran. Finally, we discuss how this new reconstruction of Pteridinium provides information concerning its potential relationships with extant animal groups and state a case for reconstructing Pteridinium as a colonial metazoan.

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Ortiz Jaureguizar, E. Estudios Geológicos 54, no. 3-4 (August 30, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeol.98543-4215.

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Kania-Kłosok, Iwona, André Nel, Jacek Szwedo, Wiktoria Jordan-Stasiło, and Wiesław Krzemiński. "Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (July 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91719-w.

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AbstractGhost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here we clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.

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