Статті в журналах: "Paleobotany Victoria East Gippsland"

1

HOLMES, JHG. "Trace element deficiency in sheep in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Veterinary Journal 69, no. 11 (November 1992): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb09897.x.

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2

Iansek, Robert, and Mary Danoudis. "Patients’ Perspective of Comprehensive Parkinson Care in Rural Victoria." Parkinson's Disease 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2679501.

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Introduction. There is a higher prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in rural Australia and a poorer perceived quality of life of rural Australians with PD. Coordinated multidisciplinary teams specialised and experienced in the treatment of PD are recommended as the preferred model of care best able to manage the complexities of this disorder. There remains a lack of team-based specialised PD services in rural Australia available to people living with PD. This study aims to explore how the lack of specialised PD services impacts on the person’s experiences of the health care they receive in rural Victoria. This study compared the health-care experiences of two different cohorts of people with PD living in rural Victoria; one cohort living in East Gippsland have had an established comprehensive care model implemented with local trained teams and supported by a metropolitan PD centre, and the other cohort was recruited from the remainder of Victoria who had received standard rural care. Methods. This descriptive study used a survey to explore health-care experiences. Questionnaires were mailed to participants living in rural Victoria. Eligibility criteria included having a diagnosis of PD or Parkinsonism and sufficient English to respond to the survey. The validated Patient-Centred Questionnaire for PD was used to measure health-care experiences. The questions are grouped accordingly under one of the 6 subscales or domains. Outcomes from the questionnaire included summary experience scores (SES) for 6 subscales; overall patient-centeredness score (OPS); and quality improvement scores (QIS). Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life using the disease-specific questionnaire PDQ39; disease severity using the Hoehn and Yahr staging tool; and disability using the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, part II. Results. Thirty-nine surveys were returned from the East Gippsland group and 68 from the rural group. The East Gippsland group rated significantly more positive the subscales “empathy and PD expertise,” P=0.02, and “continuity and collaboration of professionals,” P=0.01. The groups did not differ significantly for the remaining 4 subscales (P>0.05) nor for the OPS (P=0.17). The QIS showed both groups prioritised the health-care aspect “provision of tailored information” for improvement. Quality of life was greater (P<0.05) and impairment (P=0.012) and disability were less (P=0.002) in the East Gippsland group. Conclusion. Participants who received health care from the East Gippsland program had better key health-care experiences along with better QOL and less impairment and disability. Participants prioritised provision of information as needing further improvement.

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3

Molyneux, William, and Sue Forrester. "Banksia croajingolensis (Proteaceae) a new species from East Gippsland, Victoria." Telopea 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2007): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20075741.

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4

Geary, P. W., and C. Fryar. "Seed viabilities for commercial Eucalyptus species from East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 62, no. 3 (January 1999): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1999.10674792.

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5

Greene, Phillippa, and Mollie Burley. "The changing role of bush nurses in East Gippsland, Victoria." Rural Society 16, no. 1 (January 2006): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/rsj.351.16.1.98.

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6

BOON, S., and J. R. DODSON. "Environmental response to land use at Lake Curlip, East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Geographical Studies 30, no. 2 (October 1992): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1992.tb00742.x.

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7

Taylor, David, and David Moore. "Victoria's Proterozoic basement controls the distribution of its southern margin petroleum basins." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08054.

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There are three petroleum basins of differing character off the Victorian coast: the Otway, Bass and Gippsland basins. These formed during continental rifting between Australia, Antarctica and New Zealand, associated with the break up of Gondwana Marked variation in the development of these basins appears to have been largely controlled by the distribution of Proterozoic basement—the Selwyn Block—under central Victoria. Lying deep under central Victoria, this block surfaces towards the coast and continues southward as the Proterozoic crust of western Tasmania. The boundaries of this block are coincident with the boundaries separating the three basins. The Otway Basin in western Victoria represents a clean break between Australia and Antarctica. The Otway Basin has thick fill upon thinned continental crust with an outboard break to a continent-ocean boundary. The overall geometry here is a classic lower plate margin. This clean continental break-up failed to propagate eastward across the Proterozoic Selwyn Block. Instead, localised continental stretching resulted in some grabens and the overlying steers head sag of the Bass Basin. True continental separation was transferred southward to the margin of the Tasmania/Selwyn Block. The Gippsland Basin lies east of the Selwyn Block. Its development reflects initial southern margin rifting, but this was overtaken by orthogonal-oriented Tasman rifting. This left the Gippsland Basin with a complex interplay of north-south and east-west structures controlling the platforms, terraces and deeps.

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8

Chesterfield, E. A., S. J. Taylor, and C. D. Molnar. "Recovery after Wildfire: Warm Temperate Rainforest at Jones Creek, East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 54, no. 3 (January 1991): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1991.10674573.

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9

Buckmaster, A. J., and C. R. Dickman. "Early onset of reproduction in the agile antechinus, Antechinus agilis." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 1 (2013): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11046.

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Ovulation in the agile antechinus, Antechinus agilis, usually occurs when the rate of change of photoperiod in spring is increasing at 127–137 s day–1. We report responses to a much slower rate of change of photoperiod in a population in far east Gippsland, Victoria, and discuss the ecological consequences and management significance of early breeding.

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10

Lanigan, Kerrie-Anne. "Australia’s gas future: how Victoria can stay ahead of the pack." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, no. 2 (2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14014.

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ExxonMobil is proud to be a major conventional gas supplier into the Victorian market. The Gippsland Basin Joint Venture, which ExxonMobil operates on behalf of ourselves and BHP Billiton, currently supplies nearly 40% of east coast Australian domestic gas demand. It has produced almost two-thirds of oil and 30% of Australia’s gas production. Since natural gas was first produced from the Gippsland Basin in the late 1960s, the positive attributes of natural gas have been well recognised in Victoria. The use of gas has spread from cooking and heating in the home, to becoming an important source of energy to fuel manufacturing, industry and power generation. To facilitate the growing use of gas, we have seen new pipelines constructed to expand the reach of natural gas to new markets and to interconnect the major demand centres. As demand has grown, new supplies have also entered the market.

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11

Green, K., A. T. Mitchell, and P. Tennant. "Home range and microhabitat use by the long-footed potoroo, Potorous longipes." Wildlife Research 25, no. 4 (1998): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97095.

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Long-footed potoroos were studied at two widely-separated sites in Victoria, one in regenerating eucalypt forest in East Gippsland and the other in old-growth forest in Central Gippsland. Trap-revealed use of microhabitat at Bellbird (East Gippsland) showed a change from the 1980s to 1990s, with an increased amount of foraging in more open, drier areas. Over the same period, there was an increase in the size of home range of animals and a near-doubling of the minimum numbers of animals known to be alive on the trapping grid at Bellbird. These changes occurred over a period when few environmental changes occurred on the grid other than control of feral predators. Radio-tracking data from 12 animals at the two sites showed a similar trend in use of microhabitat by most animals, but there was individual variation. Differences between the sites were that home-range size was smaller at the Riley trapping grid (Central Gippsland), there was greater overlap in home range, and animals there foraged for significantly shorter bouts. This confirmed earlier speculation from reproductive and dietary studies that there is better quality habitat at Riley, but the sites were so dissimilar that differences in home range and foraging could not be ascribed to either the logging regime or to geographical differences between the sites.

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12

Dwyer, Brian W., Stephen R. Graves, Allen P. Yung, Richard R. Doherty, Malcolm I. McDonald, and Jim K. McDonald. "Spotted fever in East Gippsland, Victoria: a previously unrecognised focus of rickettsial infection." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 2 (January 1991): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb120998.x.

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13

Chessman, BC. "Impact of the 1983 wildfires on river water quality in East Gippsland, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 3 (1986): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860399.

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Eleven stream stations within the basins of the Bemm, Cann, Thurra, Wingan and Genoa Rivers were sampled during a 3-month interval following a prolonged drought and intense and extensive forest fires. Emphasis was placed on flows resulting from three major storms that occurred during this period. Water-quality impacts of the fires were intermingled with those of the preceding drought, and flow- related comparisons with pre-drought data showed appreciable increases in colour, turbidity, suspended solids, potassium and nitrogen levels in the Bemm River, which was only marginally affected by the fires. In the Cann and Genoa Rivers, with much larger proportions of catchment burnt, electrical conductivity and phosphorus concentrations also rose substantially. Marked depletion of dissolved oxygen (to <6 mg I-1) was unique to streams with burnt catchments, but resulted from stagnant conditions at the end of the drought as well as from changes occurring at the time of the first post-fire storm. The fires had little obvious effect on temperature and pH regimes. Peak turbidities and concentrations of suspended solids and phosphorus were much greater in the Cann and Genoa river systems than elsewhere. Maximum values for these indicators were 130 NTU, 2300 mg I-1 and over 0.8 mg I-1, respectively. In the Thurra and Wingan basins, which were also burnt, stream suspended-solids levels were lower (<200 mg I-1), but solutes sometimes reached very high maxima (indicated by peak electrical conductivities of up to 110 mS m-1). Variations in catchment topography and soils and the relative importance of surface and subsurface flow probably account for these differences. The first post-fire storm produced the highest measured levels of many indicators in most streams, although the greatest flows were associated with the third storm. Nitrite and ammonia were notable exceptions to this generalization. Estimates of catchment exports indicated high sediment yields and moderate to high phosphorus yields from the Cann and Genoa catchments, by comparison with other Australian data.

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14

Whittaker, Joshua, John Handmer, and David Mercer. "Vulnerability to bushfires in rural Australia: A case study from East Gippsland, Victoria." Journal of Rural Studies 28, no. 2 (April 2012): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.11.002.

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15

Jenkins, Meaghan E., Tina L. Bell, Lai Fan Poon, Cristina Aponte, and Mark A. Adams. "Production of pyrogenic carbon during planned fires in forests of East Gippsland, Victoria." Forest Ecology and Management 373 (August 2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.028.

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16

Radford, James Q., and Andrew F. Bennett. "Terrestrial avifauna of the Gippsland Plain and Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria, Australia: insights from Atlas data." Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04012.

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The rate and spatial scale at which natural environments are being modified by human land-uses mean that a regional or national perspective is necessary to understand the status of the native biota. Here, we outline a landscape-based approach for using data from the ‘New Atlas of Australian Birds’ to examine the distribution and status of avifauna at a regional scale. We use data from two bioregions in south-east Australia – the Gippsland Plain and the Strzelecki Ranges (collectively termed the greater Gippsland Plains) – to demonstrate this approach. Records were compiled for 57 landscape units, each 10′ latitude by 10′ longitude (~270 km2) across the study region. A total of 165 terrestrial bird species was recorded from 1870 ‘area searches’, with a further 24 species added from incidental observations and other surveys. Of these, 108 species were considered ‘typical’ of the greater Gippsland Plain in that they currently or historically occur regularly in the study region. An index of species ‘occurrence’, combining reporting rate and breadth of distribution, was used to identify rare, common, widespread and restricted species. Ordination of the dataset highlighted assemblages of birds that had similar spatial distributions. A complementarity analysis identified a subset of 14 landscape units that together contained records from at least three different landscape units for each of the 108 ‘typical’ species. When compared with the 40 most common ‘typical’ species, the 40 least common species were more likely to be forest specialists, nest on the ground and, owing to the prevalence of raptors in the least common group, take prey on the wing. The future status of the terrestrial avifauna of the greater Gippsland Plains will depend on the extent to which effective restoration actions can be undertaken to ensure adequate representation of habitats for all species, especially for the large number of species of conservation concern.

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17

Kutt, A. S. "Bird Populations Density in Thinned, Unthinned and Old Lowland Regrowth Forest, East Gippsland, Victoria." Emu - Austral Ornithology 96, no. 4 (December 1996): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9960280.

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18

van Eeden, Lily, Julian Di Stefano, and Graeme Coulson. "Diet selection by the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10038.

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Resource selection by animals is assumed to have fitness benefits so quantifying resource selection can help determine suitable conditions for species persistence and be used to inform management plans. We studied diet selection by the ‘Critically Endangered’ Victorian brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) by comparing proportions of plant functional groups consumed with their availability in the three remaining rock-wallaby colonies in East Gippsland, Victoria. We estimated availability using an adaptation of the point transect method, identifying 63 plant functional groups and their abundance within the foraging range. Using microhistological analysis of faecal pellets we determined diet composition at the resolution of plant functional groups: ferns, forbs, monocots, shrubs and trees. At all sites the plant functional groups constituting most of the diet were forbs, monocots and shrubs. However, diet composition and selection was different among the sites, particularly with regards to the consumption and selection of monocots, which appeared to be favoured at two sites, and of shrubs, which were favoured at the third site. Overall, the diet composition suggested that brush-tailed rock-wallabies consume a diverse range of food types. The results can be used to improve current management by increasing the availability of preferred food types, perhaps through targeted fire regimes, and to guide the selection of reintroduction sites.

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19

Proctor, Emma, and Greg McCarthy. "Changes in fuel hazard following thinning operations in mixed-species forests in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 78, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2015.1079289.

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20

Bluff, Lucas A. "Ground Parrots and fire in east Gippsland, Victoria: habitat occupancy modelling from automated sound recordings." Emu - Austral Ornithology 116, no. 4 (December 2016): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu16014.

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21

Gell, Peter A., Iain-Malcom Stuart, and J. David Smith. "The response of vegetation to changing fire regimes and human activity in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia." Holocene 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369300300206.

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22

Dexter, Nick, and Andy Murray. "The impact of fox control on the relative abundance of forest mammals in East Gippsland, Victoria." Wildlife Research 36, no. 3 (2009): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08135.

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Predation by European red foxes is believed to be the major cause of the extinction and decline of a large number of native medium-sized terrestrial mammals in Australia. We examined the impact of poisoning of foxes on the relative abundance of a group of medium-sized mammals in an experiment conducted in three large forest blocks in south-eastern Australia. The blocks consisted of paired sites, as follows: one site where poison baiting was used to control foxes (treatment site) and one where foxes were not controlled (non-treatment site). At all six sites, the population responses of a range of mammals were measured, and compared between treatment and non-treatment sites. The relative fox abundance, as indexed by bait-take, declined during the course of the study at treatment sites and to a lesser extent at non-treatment sites. The decline in bait-take at non-treatment sites was most likely due to treatment sites acting as ecological traps, so that reduced intra-specific competition attracted foxes from non-treatment to treatment sites, where they were subsequently poisoned. There was a significant treatment effect for the abundances of total mammals, long-nosed potoroos, southern brown bandicoots and common brushtail possums, with higher abundances at treatment sites than at non-treatment sites. Common ringtail possums increased in abundance during the course of the study, with no significant difference between treatment and non-treatment sites. There was no significant effect of time or treatment on the abundance of long-nosed bandicoots. The increase in the abundance of native mammals at treatment sites was most likely due to a lower predation pressure by foxes brought about by fox control, and the smaller increase in abundance in non-treatment blocks was likely due to the ecological-trap effect because of fox baiting at treatment sites. The present study demonstrated that broad-scale fox control can lead to increases in the abundance of native mammals in forested habitats, without recourse to aerial baiting or fences. The study also demonstrated that the influence of fox control on the fox abundance can extend well beyond the perimeter of the area baited.

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23

Monbet, Phil, Ian D. McKelvie, and Paul J. Worsfold. "Phosphorus speciation, burial and regeneration in coastal lagoon sediments of the Gippsland Lakes (Victoria, Australia)." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 5 (2007): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07049.

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Environmental context. Eutrophication can lead to the production of harmful algal blooms and is one of the world’s most serious water quality issues. Phosphorus is potentially the limiting macro-nutrient in fresh, estuarine and some marine waters. Consequently, it plays a crucial role in determining the ecological status of many aquatic ecosystems. Considerable effort has been invested in monitoring dissolved reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus in the water column, but less is known about the speciation of phosphorus, particularly in the sediment. This compartment is an important and dynamic reservoir of phosphorus and a potential long-term source of phosphorus release to the water column by the sediment–water interface. This paper investigates the solid-phase speciation and reorganisation of phosphorus within the sediments of a shallow lake system in south-east Australia (the Gippsland Lakes) which suffers from recurring harmful algae blooms. Various strategies are proposed to determine the minimum realistic timescale required to deplete the sediment of labile and reactive phosphorus species. Abstract. Solid-phase phosphorus pools in the sediments of two shallow lakes (Wellington and Victoria) in the Gippsland Lakes coastal lagoon system of south-east Australia are discussed. Cores (20-cm depth) were taken in summer and winter in both lakes and a sequential extraction scheme (SEDEX) was used to profile the exchangeable P (Pex), iron oxide/hydroxide bound P (PFe), authigenic P (Pauth), detrital P (Pdet) and organic P (Porg). Pore-water (Ppw) dissolved reactive phosphorus concentration profiles were also measured. The dominant forms of P were PFe (up to 53%) and Porg (35–55%), with the PFe fraction playing a key role in the short-term retention of P in the sediment. Benthic phosphorus fluxes at the sediment–water interface (μmol m–2 d–1) were determined from the sequential extraction data. The results were compared with flux measurements from the complementary approaches of benthic chamber experiments and Fickian diffusion calculations, to allow an insight into the nature and seasonal variations of the fluxes. The burial flux of phosphorus was also estimated from excess 210Pb profiles in the sediment of the lakes. All of these data were used to produce a phosphorus budget for the Gippsland Lakes which suggested that the sediment represents a substantial source of phosphorus within the lakes and thus clearly highlights the importance of the sedimentary compartment in shallow eutrophic ecosystems. Minimum realistic timescales for complete labile phosphorus depletion from the sediment (assuming no resupply from the sediment–water interface) were calculated and ranged from 8 to 22 years.

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24

Kutt, A. S. "Arboreal marsupials and nocturnal birds in thinned regrowth, unthinned regrowth and old lowland forest, East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 57, no. 3 (January 1994): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1994.10676126.

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25

Bassett, Owen D., Matt D. White, and Mark Dacy. "Development and testing of seed-crop assessment models for three lowland forest eucalypts in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 69, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2006.10676246.

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26

FINLAY, K. J. "Deanophlebia: A new genus of south-eastern Australian mayflies and subsequent redefinition of the subgenus Nousia (Australonousia) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)." Zootaxa 4668, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4668.1.2.

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A new genus of Leptophlebiidae has been established to accommodate two morphospecies, previously known only from nymphs and assigned to the Australian genus Nousia (subgenus Australonousia). The genus Deanophlebia is established for the species: Deanophlebia kala (Harker) (comb nov.) and Deanophlebia radsjoshi (sp. nov.), both of which were first found in the alpine regions of New South Wales but with a range which extends into East Gippsland in Victoria. The genus can be distinguished from Nousia by the consistently larger size of both the imagos and nymphs. Furthermore, fore and hind wing venation and genitalia morphology are characteristic in the imago as is mouthpart morphology in the nymph. Differences between Deanophlebia and Nousia are defined and discussed and differences between the subgenera of Nousia are re-defined.

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27

Elsner, W. K., A. T. Mitchell, and J. A. Fitzsimons. "Distribution of the long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) and the spot-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in the Goolengook Forest, East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11026.

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A survey to assess the distribution of two endangered marsupial species, the long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) and the spot-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in the south and east of the Goolengook Forest Management Block was conducted in September and October 2006. Survey techniques consisted of hair-tubing, camera surveillance, collecting scat of target species and predators, and searching for activity and tracks of the target species. Eleven sites were surveyed. Twenty-eight records of long-footed potoroo were confirmed at nine of the sites, while one spot-tailed quoll record was confirmed from one of the sites. A record of the long-footed potoroo in the eastern Blackwatch Creek catchment extended, by several kilometres, the boundary of the known East Gippsland distribution at the time of the survey. Long-footed potoroos are distributed widely within the study area and are likely to form part of a contiguous population that extends across the Goolengook Forest and into adjacent forest.

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28

Cook, IO, and PY Ladiges. "Morphological variation within Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. and recognition of a new species, E. denticulata." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 2 (1991): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910375.

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The complete geographic range of Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. (shining gum) was sampled to determine the pattern of variation in adult and seedling morphology. Analyses of the different data sets indicated the presence of two distinct taxa: one, characterised by denticulate adult leaf margins, is described as E. denticulata sp. nov.; the other, characterised by entire leaf margins, is E. nitens s. str. Many other characters distinguish the two taxa. Mature trees of E. denticulata have leaves with higher oil gland density, longer peduncles, more cup-shaped rather than barrel-shaped fruit, more frequently exserted valves, and rounded and longer flower buds compared with E. nitens s. str. Seedlings of the two species can be distinguished mainly on the basis that those of E. denticulata have longer internodes and leaves which clasp the stem to a lesser extent. The major occurrence of E. denticulata is on the Errinundra Plateau, East Gippsland, with limited occurrences in the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is found in isolated stands in New South Wales and Victoria. The two species are allopatric, with the exception of the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria where some stands are mixed. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is also geographically variable, comprising three distinct geographic races: northern and central New South Wales, southern New South Wales, and the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria.

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29

Bassett, Owen D. "Flowering and seed crop development inEucalyptus sieberiL. Johnson andE. globoideaBlakely in a lowland sclerophyll forest in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Forestry 65, no. 4 (January 2002): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2002.10674876.

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30

Washusen, Russell, and Gary Waugh. "Modification of log grading and log segregation strategies for low-quality logs from the East Gippsland FMA of Victoria." Australian Forestry 67, no. 3 (January 2004): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2004.10674936.

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31

Barton, NJ, and IP McCausland. "Production and economic returns from Merino weaner sheep subjected to four frequencies of anthelmintic administration in East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870759.

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In East Gippsland. Victoria. 4 treatment groups, designated 'weekly' (W), 'high' (H), 'low' (L). and 'salvage' (S), each consisting of 3 subgroups of 10 Merino weaner sheep, were given different numbers of anthelmintic doses during 1978, 1979 and 1980. The doses were respectively 5 1, 5 1, 50 (W); 9,9, 12 (H); 3,4. 6 (L); and 1, 3, 2 (S). Both anthelmintics were administered according to the manufacturers' recommendations. Subgroups were grazed on separate 1 ha plots and rotated between plots within treatments at 2-week intervals in an attempt to eliminate between paddock differences. Sheep were replaced annually. These programs resulted in major differences in wool production and final liveweight between groups. Over the 3 years of the experiment, sheep dosed frequently grew heavier (P< 0.05) and produced more wool than - did sheep in the Land S groups. Mean final liveweights for the W, H, L, and S groups respectively were 53.6, 51.4.47.0, and 46.4 kg (l.s.d. [P= 0.051 = 3.5 kg). Corresponding figures for wool growth were 5.96, 5.62. 5.07, and 5.17 kg (l.s.d. [P = 0.051 = 0.60). Mortality in the W (5.6%) and H (22%) groups was also lower than in the L (18.9%) and S (27.8%) groups. The H group gave the highest economic return of $21.81 per sheep compared with $17.61 (W group), $16.3 1 (L) and $15.06 (S group). This advantage was maintained throughout a wide cost-price range. However. as both the W and H programs selected strongly for strains of nematodes resistant to anthelmintics. anthelmintic therapy alone cannot be relied upon for long-term parasite control.

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Bell, Tina, Kevin Tolhurst, and Michael Wouters. "Effects of the fire retardant Phos-Chek on vegetation in eastern Australian heathlands." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 2 (2005): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf04024.

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The effects of the fire retardant Phos-Chek D75R on species composition, survival and growth of eastern Australian heathland vegetation are described. Two sites in Victoria were selected, Victoria Valley in the Grampian Ranges and Marlo in East Gippsland. Both areas supported heathland vegetation that was long, unburnt and relatively undisturbed. Plots were subjected to single applications of increasing concentrations of retardant (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L fire retardant m−2) or no additional fire retardant (‘Control’ and ‘Water only’ treatments). A single application of Phos-Chek did not appear to significantly change species composition or projected foliage cover of the major life forms of native heathland vegetation. However, it did cause whole plant and shoot death of key species Allocasuarina paludosa, Banksia marginata, Leptospermum continentale and L. myrsinoides, and was observed to affect other species. The fertilising effect of the fire retardant generally increased shoot growth of the key species but did not significantly increase the overall height of these species. The application of fire retardant enhanced weed invasion, particularly when supplied at higher concentrations. A number of research recommendations are made from this preliminary investigation.

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33

Bluff, Lucas A., Lucy Clausen, Amie Hill, and Michael D. Bramwell. "A decade of monitoring the remnant Victorian population of the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata)." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10037.

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Historically, the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata), occurred throughout the Great Dividing Range from southern Queensland to western Victoria. Within Victoria, this extensive range has now contracted to a single remnant population in the Little River Gorge in East Gippsland, and the species is classified as ‘Critically Endangered’. Here we summarise the key results from 10 years of monitoring and management of the Little River Gorge population. The count of individuals detected biannually rose from one in 2000 to 12 in 2008, but this increase was at least partially due to variation in monitoring methodology. Apparent mortality rate in the first year of life was 69%, suggesting that predation was the strongest extrinsic factor limiting the population. Fecundity rate among fertile females was estimated at 1.14 births per annum. Rainfall did not significantly predict birth rate, juvenile mortality or sex ratio. Comparison of three monitoring techniques (cage traps, remote camera surveillance and genetic analysis of scats) revealed that each detected a different subset of the population in this study. These techniques should be considered complementary, rather than substitutable, in future monitoring of small Petrogale populations.

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34

Seebeck, J. H. "Breeding, growth and development of captive Potorous longipes (Marsupialia: Potoroidae); and a comparison with P. tridactylus." Australian Mammalogy 15, no. 1 (1992): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am92005.

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A captive colony of Potorous longipes (one male, ti)ree females) was established at the Sir Colin MacKenzie Sanctuary, Healesville, Victoria, in March 1980, with wild-caught animals from east Gippsland. By December 1986, 14 young (ten males, four females) had been born to this colony, all between June and December. Growth and development of the first three young were monitored approximately weekly, and these parameters are described and compared with those in P. tridactylus. Development is similar to that in P. tridactylus up to 13 - 14 weeks, beyond which hindfoot length exceeds head length and the tail becomes proportionally longer compared with P. tridactylus. Growth curves for several parameters are presented. Pouch life is between 140 and 150 days. Adult size (but not weight) is reached at about 36 weeks. However, P. longipes may not be sexually mature until two years of age or older.

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35

Claridge, A. W. "Use of bioclimatic analysis to direct survey effort for the long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes), a rare forest-dwelling rat-kangaroo." Wildlife Research 29, no. 2 (2002): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01035.

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The long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) is one of the rarest and most elusive forest-dwelling mammals in Australia. Survey effort for the species over the past decade or so in south-eastern New South Wales has been driven, primarily, by predictions derived from climatic analyses using BIOCLIM. These predictions were based on known locality records of the long-footed potoroo from adjacent East Gippsland, Victoria. While they have proven useful in confirming the occurrence of the species in New South Wales, recent fortuitous records of the species from north-eastern Victoria fall well outside of the range predicted earlier by BIOCLIM. Using these new records a revised predicted range is calculated, enlarging considerably the potential geographic extent of climatically suitable habitat for the species. The results presented here highlight the limitations of BIOCLIM when given locality records of a species from only a portion of its true geographic range. I argue that less emphasis might be based on this approach to direct survey effort for the species in the future. Instead, a range of other environmental variables might be used in combination with BIOCLIM-derived outputs when selecting survey sites. In this way a more representative picture of the distribution of the species may be obtained.

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Kottek, MH, PY Ladiges, and T. Whiffin. "A new species of stringybark, Eucalyptus mackintii, from eastern Victoria and its phenetic and cladistic relationships." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 4 (1990): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900671.

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Populations of stringybark trees from East Gippsland, with affinities to Eucalyptus macrorhyncha, were studied by pattern analyses of adult and seedling morphology, leaf volatile oils and flavonoid composition. They had previously been determined as hybrids, or as referable to an undescribed taxon. Samples of E. deuaensis, E. globoidea, E. macrorhyncha and E. muelleriana were included to assess the affinities of E. aff. macrorhyncha to other stringybark taxa. No evidence was found to support a hybrid origin of E. aff. macrorhyncha, and it is described as E. mackintii sp. nov. In adult morphology E. mackintii is similar to, but distinct from E. macrorhyncha, whereas in seedling morphology the two are indistinguishable. Two chemical forms of E. mackintii were detected in the leaf volatile oils, both of which have also been reported to occur in E. deuaensis and E. macrorhyncha. The leaf flavonoid composition of the new species is similar to that of E. macrorhyncha, although some differences between the two were observed. The inclusion of E. mackintii in a cladistic analysis of the informal superseries Capitellaticae Ladiges & Humphries resulted in the taxon forming an unresolved basal trichotomy within the infraseries Capitllatae.

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Alexander, J. S. A., D. J. Scotts, and R. H. Loyn. "Impacts of timber harvesting on mammals, reptiles and nocturnal birds in native hardwood forests of East Gippsland, Victoria: a retrospective approach." Australian Forestry 65, no. 3 (January 2002): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2002.10674871.

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38

L. Close, R., M. D. B. Eldridge, J. N. Bell, and J. Reside. "A genetic study of the Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby Petrogale penicillata in East Gippsland and relevance for management of the species in Victoria." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 4 (1994): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940367.

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Within the Australian macropod genus Petrogale (rock wallabies) nine chromosomally distinct species occur along the Great Dividing Range of eastern Australia (Sharman et al. 1990; Eldridge et al. 1991a; Eldridge and Close 1992). However, Close et al. (1988) found Petrogale from the Grampians, Victoria and from Jenolan Caves, New South Wales, to be remarkably similar despite their 800 km separation (Fig. 1). Standard and C-banded karyotypes of both populations were typical of Petrogale penicillata and were identical except that one Grampians animal was heterozygous for absence of a C-band on chromosome 2. Apart from their smaller physical size, the only difference was that the Grampians animals were homozygous for a unique Pgm allele.

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39

Fahey, Patrick S., Frank Udovicic, David J. Cantrill, and Michael J. Bayly. "A box on the river: The phylogenetics and phylogeography of Eucalyptus baueriana (Eucalyptus sect. Adnataria ser. Heterophloiae)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): e0276117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276117.

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We present a phylogeographic study of the tree species Eucalyptus baueriana Schauer, which occurs in disjunct areas on the near coastal plains and ranges of the south-east Australian mainland. DArTseq data are used to build a phylogeny including E. baueriana and closely related taxa to test its monophyly, test the genetic distinctness of the three subspecies of E. baueriana, and investigate relationships between its disjunct populations. Additionally, we use population structure analysis to investigate the genetic distinctness of populations, and MaxEnt to investigate the environmental factors potentially influencing the species’ distribution. We show E. baueriana is monophyletic and most closely related to three other Blue Box eucalypt species: E. conica H.Deane & Maiden, E. dalveenica T.L.Collins, R.L.Andrew & J.J.Bruhl and E. magnificata L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill, with some evidence for genetic introgression between these taxa. Within E. baueriana, the deepest genetic breaks do not correspond with the subspecies classification as the two geographically restricted subspecies, together with samples of the more widespread E. baueriana subsp. baueriana from west of the Gippsland lowlands, form a south-western clade with that is sister to other populations of subsp. baueriana. The oldest genetic break in the species occurs in far eastern Gippsland (Victoria), corresponding to one of the shortest geographic disjunctions in the species’ distribution. Genetic breaks in other species have been observed in this region which is broadly referred to as the southern transition zone. Both total annual rainfall and the seasonality of this rainfall are hypothesised to affect the species’ distribution; gaps in its distribution are in areas of higher rainfall that support closed forest and in regions with more winter dominated rainfall.

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40

Bilney, Rohan J., Raylene Cooke, and John White. "Change in the diet of sooty owls (Tyto tenebricosa) since European settlement: from terrestrial to arboreal prey and increased overlap with powerful owls." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04128.

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The current diet of the sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) was determined by analysing freshly regurgitated pellets collected beneath their roosting sites in East Gippsland, Victoria. Comparisons were then made with: (i) prehistoric and historic diet from bone deposits found in cave roosts, and (ii) diet of a sympatric owl species, the powerful owl (Ninox strenua). Sooty owls consumed a large array of terrestrial mammal species before European settlement, but only three terrestrial species were detected in their current diet, a reduction of at least eight species since European settlement. To compensate, sooty owls have increased their consumption of arboreal prey from 55% to 81% of their diet. Arboreal species are also a major component of the powerful owl diet and this prey shift by sooty owls has increased dietary overlap between these two species. Predation by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and other feral species is likely to have reduced the amount of terrestrial prey available to sooty owls since European settlement. Investigation of changes in the diet of sooty owls may offer a unique monitoring system for evaluating the ability of fox-control strategies to influence increases in numbers of critical-weight-range mammals.

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Belcher, CA. "Diet of the tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)." Wildlife Research 22, no. 3 (1995): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950341.

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The diet of the tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in East Gippsland, Victoria, was investigated by systematically collecting scats from two latrines between December 1990 and May 1993. From the analysis of these scats, the tiger quoll was found to be a predator of vertebrate prey, largely dependent on mediumsized mammals (500 g to 5 kg). The most important prey species were the European rabbit, the common brushtail possum and the common ringtail possum. Other prey included Antechinus species, bush rats, echidnas, macropods, wombats, birds, invertebrates and reptiles. Some variation in diet occurred between seasons, due to seasonal availability of prey. A shift in diet detected between years was attributed to the variation in rainfall and the effect this had on prey species abundance. Significant differences in diet were found between adult and subadult tiger quolls. Subadult quolls consumed significantly more small mammals, ringtail possums, invertebrates and reptiles and significantly fewer rabbits than did adult quolls. Further analysis of the tiger quolls' diet, by estimating the mass contribution of prey taxa to the diet, revealed that medium-sized prey contributed more than 80% of the biomass of prey consumed.

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42

Wilson, P. D. "The distribution of the greater broad-nose bat Scoteanax rueppellii (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in relation to climate and topography." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06009.

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Concepts of the distribution of the greater broad-nose bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) have changed significantly as occurrence records have accumulated over the years. Early accounts of the species' distribution suggested that it was restricted to the heavily timbered areas of eastern Australia, and occurred over a wide range of altitudes. However, recent summaries of the distribution of the species differ significantly from these early accounts. To reconcile these discrepancies, I collated records from museum collections and wildlife databases. These data clearly indicate that stated altitudinal limits for the species are not correct. The currently known southern limit of the species is near Eden, New South Wales (NSW). The distribution of the species was modelled using the DOMAIN climate matching algorithm. The model indicates that S. rueppellii may occur in East Gippsland, Victoria, suggests its likely occurrence in inland Queensland and northern NSW, but a low likelihood of occurrence in inland southern NSW. However, the data show strong spatial and temporal biases that restrict the confidence that may be placed in the model. It is argued that species distributions must be regarded as open and evolving hypotheses.

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H. Loyn, Richard. "Effects of an extensive wildfire on birds in far eastern Victoria." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 3 (1997): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970221.

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A major wildfire burned 228 400 ha of forest in East Gippsland (Victoria, Australia) in February and March 1983, including Cooaggalah forest block where flora and fauna studies had just commenced. Bird abundance was assessed on 13 sites immediately before and after the fire, and annually for three years to 1986. The sites represented a range of habitats including rainforest, heaths and eucalypt forest, all of which burned. Total bird abundance was reduced to 60% of initial levels by the fire, but recovered within three years. These changes differed significantly between habitats. Initial decreases were greatest and subsequent recovery least in heaths where most above-ground vegetation had been killed. Post-fire increases were greatest in rainforest and on granite ridges, and in each case bird abundance rose to levels substantially higher than before fire. Some changes may have involved recovery from drought as well as fire. Changes over time were highly significant for many groups of birds (e.g., honeyeaters), while others showed little change (e.g., bark-foragers and insectivores that inhabit dense understorey or damp ground below shrubs). Honeyeaters and seed-eaters suffered the greatest initial declines, and some species in these groups were slow to recover (e.g., New Holland and Crescent Honeyeaters and Beautiful Firetail). Some species that feed from open ground increased quickly to levels greater than before fire (Flame and Scarlet Robins, Buff-rumped Thornbill and Superb Fairy-wren), but all except the latter then declined as shrubs regenerated. The main loss of birds immediately after the fire was of highly mobile species, and the composition of the remaining bird fauna appeared to depend on resource availability rather than the capacity of species to survive the fire front. Initial responses of species to fire were poor predictors of their responses after three years. Hence, the effects of fire should be considered in terms of habitat changes over several years. Many forest types including rainforest can provide continuing habitat even when they burn, but populations of mobile birds such as honeyeaters depend on access to alternative habitats on a broad regional scale.

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44

Paplinska, Justyna Zofia, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Desmond W. Cooper, Peter D. M. Temple-Smith, and Marilyn B. Renfree. "Use of genetic methods to establish male-biased dispersal in a cryptic mammal, the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor)." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 1 (2009): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09014.

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Mammalian dispersal tends to be male-biased although female-biased dispersal has also been reported in a range of taxa. Most of our knowledge on mammalian sex-biased dispersal is based on studies of eutherians and less work has been done on the direction and causes of sex-biased dispersal in marsupials. This study investigated dispersal of swamp wallabies between two habitat patches in South Gippsland, Victoria, using genetic methods. A Bayesian clustering test showed a high level of genetic exchange between the two habitat patches despite their separation by 10–17 km of cleared land, a creek and a highway. Females in the overall sample were more closely related to each other than males were to each other and females within habitat patches were more closely related than females between habitat patches whereas the converse was true for males. Bayesian inference showed that more males were migrating from the east to the west habitat patch whereas the converse was true for females and the male migration rate was higher than the female migration rate. The differential migration rate did not cause a significant difference in relatedness between patches in females but it did in males. These relatedness and migration patterns indicate that dispersal in the swamp wallaby is male-biased.

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45

Freestone, Marc, Timothy J. Wills, and Jennifer Read. "Post-fire succession during the long-term absence of fire in coastal heathland and a test of the chronosequence survey method." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 7 (2015): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14345.

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Post-fire vegetation succession in long-unburnt heathland in south-east Australia is not well understood. In the present study we investigated temporal change in vegetation along a 37-year post-fire chronosequence in coastal heathland in the Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park, Victoria, Australia. Fourteen sites were surveyed for vegetation characteristics approximately 10 years after an initial chronosequence survey, enabling an extension of the chronosequence to cover a longer fire-free interval as well as testing predictions of declining species richness and diversity from the initial chronosequence study. Total species richness, mean species richness, mean diversity and mean evenness declined with time since fire across the 14 sites. However, only diversity (H) and evenness (E) decreased within sites as predicted in the original chronosequence study. No decrease in species richness within sites was observed. The chronosequence correctly predicted changes in species abundance but not the number of species present. Tree cover also increased, suggesting that the heathland was becoming a woodland in the long-term absence of fire. Fire history, which is an uncontrolled historical factor, provides the most likely explanation for why species richness did not decrease as predicted by the initial chronosequence. This study advocates caution in using the chronosequence method to predict species richness during post-fire succession.

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46

Framenau, Volker W., Randolf Manderbach, and Martin Baehr. "Riparian gravel banks of upland and lowland rivers in Victoria (south-east Australia): arthropod community structure and life-history patterns along a longitudinal gradient." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2002): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01039.

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Riparian sand and gravel banks are inhabited by a fauna that is well adapted to varying river water levels and frequent inundation of the banks. Arthropods found in these habitats were studied from November 1998 to January 1999 in the upper and lower floodplains of the main rivers and tributaries in ten major catchments in the Victorian Alps. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae, 68%) and ground beetles (Carabidae, 7.8%) were the most abundant arthropods, with densities averaging 14.6 ± 1.8 (s.e.) and 2.3 ± 0.4 individuals m–2 respectively. Species composition and wolf spider densities changed substantially between upland and lowland rivers. These differences correspond with changes in altitude, shading, and gravel and gravel bank size. Comparison of our results with similar studies conducted in temperate Northern Hemisphere floodplains showed significant differences. Carabidae, not Lycosidae, are the dominant arthropod group in Northern Hemisphere floodplains. Wolf spider densities are higher in upper than lower reaches of rivers in the Victorian Alps, but do not change along rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, carabid beetles showed similar densities between upland and lowland floodplains in Victoria, but increase in density along rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. A second, monthly sampling program on gravel banks along the Avon River (Gippsland) over a one-year period in 1996 and 1997 provided information on the life histories of eight common gravel-bank arthropods: Venatrix lapidosa, V. arenaris, two undescribed Artoria species (‘A’, ‘B’) (Lycosidae), Eudalia macleayi, Elaphropus ovensensis, Perileptus constricticeps and an unidentified Loxandrus species (‘B’) (Carabidae). Artoria sp. A and sp. B are diplochronous. Despite its smaller size, Artoria sp. B matured one month after Artoria sp. A. Lower temperatures at upland streams and rivers, the typical habitat for Artoria sp. B, may delay its development in comparison with Artoria sp. A, which is generally found further downstream. The life histories of both lycosid spiders and carabid beetles, characterised by prolonged reproductive period and short larval development, appear to have some adaptive value in regard to the disturbance-prone environment.

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47

Williamson, P. E., G. W. O'Brien, M. G. Swift, E. A. Felton, A. S. Scherl, J. Lock, N. F. Exon, and D. A. Falvey. "HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE OFFSHORE OTWAY BASIN." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86016.

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The Otway Basin is one of three sedimentary basins in the Bass Strait region and is situated west of the Bass and Gippsland Basins. It trends NW-SE, straddling the southern Australian coastline for 500 km between the Mornington Peninsula in Victoria and Cape Jaffa in South Australia. It has an average width of 200 km and an average offshore width, in water depths of less than 200 m, of 50 km.The offshore basin consists of three main tectonic units: the Mussel Platform in the east, the Voluta Trough, which occurs in the centre of the basin, and the Crayfish Platform in the west. Structures are formed predominantly by Cretaceous normal faults, downthrown to the continent-ocean boundary, and displacing landward-dipping Cretaceous strata. The sedimentary sequence can reach 10 km in thickness and consists of terrestrial Early Cretaceous sediments of the Otway Group, Late Cretaceous transgressive-regressive terrigenous sediments of the Sherbrook Group, Paleocene-Eocene transgressive-regressive, terrigenous and carbonate sediments of the Wangerrip and Nirranda Groups, and Oligocene-Miocene shelf carbonates of the Heytesbury Group.Since the early 1960s, about 50 exploration wells have been drilled onshore and 17 offshore. Shows of oil, gas and condensate have been widespread in both onshore and offshore wells, though only two small economic fields have so far been discovered; both are onshore. Exploration, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, was hampered by poor seismic data quality, due primarily to the presence of shallow carbonates.

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MacDougall, Iain, Ollie Glade-Wright, Bindi Gove, and Todd Berkinshaw. "Net zero 2020." APPEA Journal 61, no. 1 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20070.

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Cooper Energy recognises the challenge of climate change, the goals of the Paris Agreement and the role of both energy companies and society in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, given the proportion of emissions generated from energy production and consumption. In 2020, Cooper Energy became Australia’s first carbon neutral domestic gas company. We fully offset our fiscal year 2020 Scope 1 (direct), Scope 2 (indirect) and controllable Scope 3 (business travel and embedded energy) greenhouse gas emissions. The company was recognised for this achievement with the award of the 2020 South Australian Premier’s Award for Environment. We plan to offset our carbon emissions annually, recognising the long-term benefits to our business, the environment and the communities where we operate. To achieve net zero carbon emissions in 2020, Cooper Energy partnered with Greening Australia’s Biodiverse Carbon and invested in the Morella Biodiversity project, at the eastern end of the Coorong in south-east South Australia. The partnership also covers the early conceptual stages to progress a similar project in Victoria near to our Gippsland and Otway operations. This paper expands on the strategy, challenges, risks, opportunities and co-benefits of taking a forward-looking position in this area, which is aligned with The Cooper Energy Values and the direction of the broader community. This includes the decision to favour investment in appropriate high quality domestic projects near to our operational activities over lower cost international projects or simply purchasing offset credits on a carbon market. The paper explores how our net zero commitment will act as a driver to reduce emissions intensity in our operations and add value for Cooper Energy stakeholders.

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49

MAHONY, MICHAEL J., TRENT PENMAN, TERRY BERTOZZI, FRANK LEMCKERT, ROHAN BILNEY, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "Taxonomic revision of south-eastern Australian giant burrowing frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Heleioporus Gray)." Zootaxa 5016, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 451–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.4.1.

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The rarely encountered giant burrowing frog, Heleioporus australiacus, is distributed widely in a variety of sclerophyll forest habitats east of the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Australia. Analyses of variation in nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial ND4 gene and thousands of nuclear gene SNPs revealed the presence of two deeply divergent lineages. Multivariate morphological comparisons show the two lineages differ in body proportions with > 91% of individuals being correctly classified in DFA. The two lineages differ in the number and size of spots on the lateral surfaces and the degree by which the cloaca is surrounded by colour patches. The mating calls are significantly different in number of pulses in the note. The presence of a F2 hybrid in the area where the distribution of the two taxa come into closest proximity leads us to assign subspecies status to the lineages, as we have not been able to assess the extent of potential genetic introgression. In our sampling, the F2 hybrid sample sits within an otherwise unsampled gap of ~90km between the distributions of the two lineages. The nominate northern sub-species is restricted to the Sydney Basin bioregion, while the newly recognised southern subspecies occurs from south of the Kangaroo Valley in the mid-southern coast of New South Wales to near Walhalla in central Gippsland in Victoria. The habitat of the two subspecies is remarkably similar. Adults spend large portions of their lives on the forest floor where they forage and burrow in a variety of vegetation communities. The southern subspecies occurs most commonly in dry sclerophyll forests with an open understory in the south and in open forest and heath communities with a dense understory in the north of its distribution. The northern subspecies is also found in dry open forests and heaths in association with eroded sandstone landscapes in the Sydney Basin bioregion. Males of both taxa call from both constructed burrows and open positions on small streams, differing from the five Western Australian species of Heleioporus where males call only from constructed burrows. Using the IUCN Red List process, we found that the extent of occupancy and area of occupancy along with evidence of decline for both subspecies are consistent with the criteria for Endangered (A2(c)B2(a)(b)).

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Wang, Yujia, Majidreza Nazem, and John V. Smith. "Effect of Dimension Variables on the Behaviour of Slopes Stabilised by an Integrated Method Combining Gabion-Faced Geogrid-Reinforced Retaining Wall with Embedded Piles." International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 8, no. 5 (October 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40891-022-00411-0.

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AbstractSevere slope instability exists in the area of South Gippsland in Victoria state located in south-east Australia. An integrated slope-stabilisation method, which includes a pile-retaining structure installed at toe of the gabion-faced geogrid-reinforced retaining wall, has widely been used in this district. A continuous steel rail wall embedded in the concrete pile then provides lateral support to the retaining wall. The effectiveness of the integrated method is first illustrated by comparing the slope stability evaluated by strength reduction method and behaviours of the slope obtained by elastoplastic analysis. A series of parametric studies are then performed to investigate effects of facing inclinations, embedded geogrid length, and vertical spacing of geogrid layers on the stability and behaviour of the slope and the behaviour of the pile under various uniform surcharge load conditions. The numerical results indicate that additional contribution from piles can increase the stability of the slope up to $$42.9\%$$ 42.9 % . The dimensional variables of gabion-faced geogrid-reinforced retaining wall also impose significant impact on the behaviour of slopes and piles, and the effect of each variable has also been quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively described. The effect of the geogrid amount on behaviours of slopes and piles has also been investigated through the comparison between two slope configurations with maximum and minimum geogrid amount. The results from the parametric studies can then be used as a design reference for the future applications of this integrated slope-stabilisation method.

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Статті в журналах з теми "Paleobotany Victoria East Gippsland"

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