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Статті в журналах з теми "Paediatrics / paediatrics"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 30 січня 2023

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1

Sewell, Jillian R. "Paediatrics and paediatric surgery." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 1 (January 2002): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04265.x.

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2

Bell, R. A. F. "Bailliere's Clinical Paediatrics: Paediatric Gastroenterology." Archives of Disease in Childhood 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.74.3.275-b.

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3

ElBeltagi, Mohamed N., Verna Wall, and Laure Marignol. "Planning target volume (PTV) margin practice patterns in adults and paediatrics among the Paediatric Radiation Oncology Society (PROS) members: an international survey." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 17, no. 4 (June 21, 2018): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396918000146.

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AbstractAimEvolving data are showing the need of considering smaller planning target volume (PTV) margin in paediatrics compared with adults treated for the same body site. This study proposed to evaluate the current patterns of practice regarding the PTV margin in paediatric patients compared with adult patients through an international survey.Materials and methodsA four-item questionnaire was created to address the PTV margins for paediatrics and adults as part of a comprehensive survey. International Paediatric Radiation Oncology Society (PROS) members were selected to partake and were contacted via email.ResultsIn total, 43 responded to the survey. The majority of the responders have written guidelines for PTV margin while the majority of those who have guidelines do not have separate guidelines for paediatrics. The implemented PTV margin for paediatric patients was in the majority 3–5 mm for the head region and 5–10 mm for the torso region and the difference from the PTV margin implemented in adults was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe majority of responders employ a series of site-specific PTV margin protocols that are applied to both adults and paediatrics, and do not take into consideration patient age or size. These results highlight the need of a separate policy for PTV margin in adults and paediatrics in every institution.

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4

Redman, Melody Grace, Davide Carzedda, Nicola Jay, Simon J. Clark, and Marie Rogers. "Searching for the true attrition rate of UK paediatric trainees." Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 9 (February 12, 2021): 903–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-321415.

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ObjectiveTo quantitatively analyse the number of doctors leaving the paediatric specialty training (ST) programme in the UK, to assist with evidence-based workforce planning.DesignData were sought on those leaving the UK paediatrics training programme between 2014 and 2019 from Heads of Schools of Paediatrics and Freedom of Information Act requests.SettingRetrospective data analysis.Outcome measuresOverall attrition rate, attrition rate across level of training, attrition rate across geographical area, recorded reason for leaving.ResultsAll results must be interpreted with caution due to limitations in record keeping and analysis. The annual attrition rate across all ST levels between 2014 and 2019 is estimated at 3.7%–4.2% (ie, 749–845 trainees may have left the paediatric training programme over 2014–2019). No reason for leaving was recorded for three-quarters of individuals, around 630 doctors. Of those leaving paediatrics, significantly more (χ², p=0.015) did so at ST3 (20.3%) versus the next highest training year, ST2 (13.6%).ConclusionsThis project seems to demonstrate worryingly poor record-keeping of the true attrition rate of paediatric trainees by organisations responsible for workforce planning, including Health Education England, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and individual paediatric schools across the UK. To allow evidence-based workforce planning for the benefit of UK children, it is vital that accurate records on trainees who leave the training programme are kept and shared across the UK.

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5

Faulkner, Bethany, and M. Begoña Delgado-Charro. "Cardiovascular Paediatric Medicines Development: Have Paediatric Investigation Plans Lost Heart?" Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121176.

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This work aimed to establish whether paediatric needs in cardiovascular diseases have been met by paediatric investigation plans (PIPs) produced since the development of the European Union Paediatric Regulation in 2007. The European Medicines Agency repository was searched for patterns in the development of paediatric medicines in general. Next, positive PIPs related to cardiovascular diseases were scrutinized for outcomes and compared to specific paediatric cardiovascular needs. In total, 1866 PIPs were identified with 12% corresponding to decisions taken for cardiovascular medicines. However, despite this therapeutic area having the greatest number of overall PIPs, only 14% of established needs in paediatric cardiovascular diseases were addressed by PIPs with positive decisions. Further, 71.9% of PIPs with decisions in cardiovascular disease corresponded to full waivers, so the product would not be studied in paediatrics. Despite the progress found in overall numbers of PIPs published, cardiovascular products are still commonly used off-label in paediatrics. Particularly, there is a need to develop products to treat heart failure and hypertension, two areas with clear unmet clinical needs in paediatrics. A case study on valsartan showed that industry, regulators, health technology assessment bodies, and prescribers should work together to reduce off-label use of paediatric cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

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6

Abdullah, Siti Nazira, Juani Hayyan Abdul Karaf, Vijayaprakash Rao A/L Ramanna, Najah Momin, and Irfan Mohamad. "Parapharyngeal lipoma mimicking parotid tumour in a 4-year-old boy." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 17, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2021.0012.

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Parapharyngeal space tumour is rare in paediatrics. It can either be a primary tumour arising from parapharyngeal space structures, an extension from the surrounding structures or a metastatic tumour. In adults, salivary gland tumours and paragangliomas are common, while neurogenic tumours predominate in paediatrics. The delicate anatomy in the parapharyngeal space makes the diagnostic procedures more complex, especially in paediatrics. Although tissue biopsy can be obtained under sedation or local anaesthesia, it is histologically difficult to differentiate lipoma from liposarcoma. We present a paediatric case with a large parapharyngeal space mass in a 4-year-old boy and the management used.

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7

Kinsella, Anna. "4 Development of a workbook to guide pre-registration pharmacists through paediatric pharmacy training." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): e2.34-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314585.4.

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AimTo improve pre-registration pharmacist training and enthuse students in the area of paediatrics, within a teaching hospital.BackgroundThe pre-registration pharmacist training programme within the hospital allocates each student two weeks within paediatrics, which in the past has been poorly structured. During this time, the pre-registration pharmacist spent time shadowing pharmacists and accompanying them on ward visits. On occasions it was not always possible for the pre-registration pharmacist to accompany a pharmacist. In addition, some key paediatric medical conditions did not always present during their two weeks.MethodTo facilitate a more comprehensive training package a workbook, specific to paediatric clinical pharmacy was created. The booklet also contains brief introductory information about the wards and paediatric pharmacists, aims and objectives, and a reading list. The workbook is intended to be used as a ‘self-directed learning tool’, identifying clinical areas that the pre-registration student is expected to have a basic knowledge about, to help them prepare them for their exam and to give a good basic grounding in paediatrics. Different learning methods are used throughout the booklet to aid learning.The workbook includes, all with a paediatric perspective, common illnesses, immunisation, drug history taking, counselling children/parents, role of different members of the multi-disciplinary team, paediatric reference sources, calculations, renal function, pharmacokinetics in children, fluid prescriptions, use of unlicensed medicines in children, suitability of formulations, neonatal pharmacy and total parenteral nutrition.The students were briefed about the booklet at the start of their two weeks in paediatrics, and a discussion about progress at midway and at the end.Feedback was requested from each student (n=15), with a view to improving the booklet and enhancing their time spent within paediatric pharmacy.During the two weeks the students spent time in ‘general paediatrics’ and with specialist pharmacists, in tertiary paediatric services, experiencing the more complex pharmaceutical needs of these patients and the role of the specialist pharmacist.ResultsFeedback was received from eight students (53%). All of them had enjoyed the placement, found the booklet helpful in directing their learning and using their time productively, when they were unable to accompany a pharmacist. Of those who responded, all commented that the booklet was a novel idea not used within other clinical areas within the Trust, and that it should be considered to enhance training. In addition, the paediatric pharmacists agreed unanimously that the booklet has been an asset in assisting the training of the students.ConclusionThe development of a workbook, to enhance the training of pre-registration pharmacists in the clinical area of paediatrics, has been very well received by the students and pharmacists. In response to feedback, it is being further developed and may be used as template for use in other clinical areas within the Trust.

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8

Robertson, Eden G., Jennifer Cohen, Christina Signorelli, David M. Grant, Joanna E. Fardell, and Claire E. Wakefield. "What instruments should we use to assess paediatric decision-making interventions? A narrative review." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 3 (August 26, 2019): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519869717.

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There is an increasing number of shared decision-making (SDM) interventions in paediatrics. However, there is little consensus as to the best instruments to assess the feasibility and impact of these interventions. This narrative review aims to answer: (1) what feasibility, knowledge and decision-making instruments have been used to assess paediatric SDM interventions and (2) what are the psychometric properties of used decision-making instruments, guided by the ‘consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instrument’ criteria. We conducted a review of the peer-reviewed literature. We identified 23 studies that evaluated a paediatric intervention to facilitate SDM for a specific health decision. Eighteen studies assessed intervention feasibility, with a wide variability in assessment between studies. Twelve studies assessed objective knowledge, and four studies assessed subjective knowledge with all but one study aggregating correct responses. We identified nine decision-making instruments that had been assessed psychometrically, although few had been thoroughly evaluated. The Decisional Conflict Scale was the most commonly-used instrument and the only instrument evaluated in paediatrics. Our study revealed a lack of consistency in the instruments used to evaluate decision-making interventions in paediatrics, making it difficult to compare interventions. We provide several recommendations for researchers to improve the assessment of SDM interventions in paediatrics.

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9

Holland, Andrew J. A., Daniel T. Cass, and John Pitkin. "Updates in medicine: paediatrics and paediatric surgery." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 7 (April 2002): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04442.x.

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10

Sewell, Jillian R. "Updates in medicine: paediatrics and paediatric surgery." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 7 (April 2002): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04443.x.

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11

Oranje, Arnold P. "Paediatric Dermatology. Oxford Specialist Handbook in Paediatrics." Acta Paediatrica 99, no. 11 (September 14, 2010): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01997.x.

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12

Zhu, H., A. Q. A. Teo, M. E. Allan, K. Hallett, and W. Kelsall. "Paediatric societies: increasing student engagement in paediatrics." Archives of Disease in Childhood 96, no. 12 (October 28, 2011): 1206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2011-301131.

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13

Procopis, Peter G. "Examination Paediatrics; A Guide to Paediatric Training." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 43, no. 4 (April 2007): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01072.x.

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14

Shahidullah, H. "Paediatric Dermatology (Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics)." British Journal of Dermatology 164, no. 3 (March 2011): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10261.x.

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15

Brännström, Inger. "Publishing ethics in paediatric research: A cross-cultural comparative review." Nursing Ethics 19, no. 2 (March 2012): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011419242.

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Анотація:

The present article aims to scrutinize publishing ethics in the fields of paediatrics and paediatric nursing. Full-text readings of all original research articles in paediatrics from a high-income economy, i.e. Sweden, and from all low-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, were reviewed as they were indexed and stored in Web of Science for the search period from 1 January 2007 to 7 October 2009. The application of quantitative and qualitative content analysis revealed a marked discrepancy in publishing frequencies between the two contrasting economies. Authors from 16 low-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, with at least one article stored, were obviously closely linked to co-authorships and foreign funding sources, predominantly from Europe and the USA. Statements concerning conflicts of interest were frequently missing (both regions), even when multiple financial sources, including companies, were involved. It is necessary to be aware of possible systematic bias when using electronic databases to search for certain topics and regions. Further research regarding publishing ethics in paediatrics and paediatric nursing is emphasized.

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16

Mhaske, Sunil, Vineetranjan Gupta, Ramesh Kothari, and Ninza Rawal. "Consent in Paediatrics." Pediatric Education and Research 5, no. 3 (2017): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.5317.12.

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17

Ng, KC, LY Ho, SH Quak, KW Tan, NK Ho, and KB Phua. "From the 20th to the 21st century: the first 100 years of paediatrics in Singapore." Singapore Medical Journal 62, no. 1 Suppl (July 1, 2021): S2—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2021068.

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In Singapore, paediatrics as a separate discipline was started in 1921 at Singapore General Hospital (SGH). From Mistri Wing to Alexandra Hospital (AH) and Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), paediatrics was started at National University Hospital (NUH) and the Children’s Hospital at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH) from 1997. After World War II, neonatology started in KKH, followed by Toa Payoh Hospital (TPH), AH, NUH and SGH. Neonates from TPH and AH were moved to KKH in 1990. Our pioneering giants include Dr Gopal Haridas, Professors Wong Hock Boon (First Paediatrics Professor), Tan Cheng Lim and Tan Kim Leong. Paediatrics in Singapore is resplendent with many achievements. Prof Wong identified the relationship of hyperbilirubinaemia/kernicterus with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and initiated G6PD deficiency screening. This has saved many lives and improved the overall health of children in Singapore. 100 years on, we stand firmly on the shoulders of our pioneering clinician giants as we face the paediatric millennial health needs of this new century.

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18

Phelan, Peter D., Don M. Roberton, and Mike South. "Paediatrics." Medical Journal of Australia 174, no. 1 (January 2001): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143136.x.

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19

Ford, Geoff. "Paediatrics." Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 9 (May 1989): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136656.x.

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20

Robertson, Colin F. "Paediatrics." Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 9 (May 1989): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136657.x.

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21

Walker, John. "Paediatrics." Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 9 (May 1989): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136658.x.

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22

Meadows, N. J. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (March 1988): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198803000-00024.

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23

Koletzko, Sybille, and Merja Ashorn. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14, Supplement 1 (January 1998): S57—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199801001-00012.

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24

Koletzko, Sybille, and Merja Ashorn. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14 (January 1998): S57—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199801031-00012.

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25

Deanfield, J. E. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Cardiology 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-198601000-00013.

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26

&NA;. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Cardiology 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-198601000-00027.

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27

Deanfield, J. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Cardiology 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-198701010-00021.

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28

Deanfield, J. E. "Paediatrics." Current Opinion in Cardiology 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-198801000-00007.

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29

Teele, Rita L. "Paediatrics." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 26 (May 2000): S85—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00174-5.

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30

Hutton, Peter. "Paediatrics." Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 1, no. 3 (May 1990): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0953-7112(90)90016-u.

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31

Vandenplas, Y., U. Blekker, A. Fannes, E. Keppens, J. Nijs, S. Cardranel, A. Goossens, et al. "Paediatrics." Irish Journal of Medical Science 161, S10 (October 1992): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02942894.

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32

Versluys, C. "PAEDIATRICS." Lancet 341, no. 8848 (March 1993): 794–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90567-z.

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33

Tsai Goodman, B., T. L. Chambers, L. E. Ramsay, MalcolmR Sears, Mark Lowdell, Gian Franco Bottazzo, L. S. Rothenberg, B. Tsai Goodman, and T. L. Chambers. "PAEDIATRICS." Lancet 341, no. 8857 (May 1993): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90949-h.

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34

Furtado, Alexandra. "Paediatrics." British Homeopathic Journal 82, no. 03 (July 1993): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80055-9.

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35

Diwakar, V., M. Hocking, J. Anderson, and J. Anderson. "Paediatrics." BMJ 318, no. 7195 (May 22, 1999): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7195.2.

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36

Gringras, P. "Paediatrics." Postgraduate Medical Journal 69, no. 818 (December 1, 1993): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.69.818.964.

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37

Ryan, S. "Paediatrics." Postgraduate Medical Journal 71, no. 833 (March 1, 1995): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.71.833.189-c.

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38

Booth, IanW, AndrewR Magnay, Heikki Peltola, MichaelS Caplan, WilliamA Gray, Steen Seier Poulsen, Alan Hughes, IanW Booth, and AndrewR Magnay. "PAEDIATRICS." Lancet 341, no. 8849 (April 1993): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)93071-8.

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39

Levene, Malcolm. "Paediatrics." Lancet 336, no. 8721 (October 1990): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)92441-j.

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40

Yeung, W. L., G. Wong, T. F. Fok, J. Griffith, J. C. Y. Cheng, M. Hjelm, C. Hall, and D. Shaw. "Telemedicine conference on a 13-year-old Chinese girl with an unusual skeletal condition." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633981931957.

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Анотація:

Departments of Paediatrics, Diagnostic Radiology, Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatric Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

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41

Tonkin, Roger Sherriff. "Careers in paediatrics: Community paediatrics revisited." Paediatrics & Child Health 17, no. 1 (January 2012): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/17.1.27.

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42

Koley, Snehashis, Ambar Bose, and Sudeshna Mallik. "COVID-19 Infection and Acute Kidney Injury in Paediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221102.

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Анотація:

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) posed a dreaded health complication in COVID-19 infection in paediatrics. In this review we systematically documented evidence on AKI incidence and associated death in COVID-19 infection among paediatric populations to aid healthcare workers towards appropriate clinical management. Methods: Documentation on AKI incidence and associated death in COVID-19 infection worldwide in paediatrics in PubMed and medRxiv databases during December, 2019-June19, 2021 was included in this study. Guidelines laid by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) were followed which facilitated clarity and transparency in the reporting. Result: 23 out of 1976 total articles were eligible with mean age of 8.6 years. Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effects (DARE) tool was used for quality assessment. Studies on AKI incidence (19), mortality (19) and AKI related mortality (10) respectively were included for meta-analysis. An estimated AKI incidence of 28.8%with overall death of 2.3% and AKI related death of 5.2% were reported. Overall pooled AKI incidence in the paediatric population was statistically significant. Conclusion: Therefore, aggressive investigation of COVID-19 infection associated with AKI in paediatrics posed a necessity for efficient health-care management. Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Box plot; COVID-19; Forest plot; Meta-analysis

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43

Aspinall, Nichola, Anita D’Urso, and Gautam Ambegaonkar. "Fifteen minute consultation: an approach to the child with chronic headaches." Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 103, no. 4 (December 8, 2017): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-312529.

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Children with chronic headache are a common referral to paediatric outpatients. This article suggests an approach to the assessment and management of chronic headaches, offering practical strategies for management as there is limited literature in paediatrics for this.

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44

Ani, Cornelius, Hani F. Ayyash, and Michael Oladipo Ogundele. "Community paediatricians’ experience of joint working with child and adolescent mental health services: findings from a British national survey." BMJ Paediatrics Open 6, no. 1 (April 2022): e001381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001381.

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ObjectivesChildren and young people (CYP) presenting to paediatric or child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) often have needs spanning medical and psychiatric diagnoses. However, joint working between paediatrics and CAMHS remains limited. We surveyed community paediatricians in the UK to inform better strategies to improve joint working with CAMHS.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of community paediatricians through the British Association for Community Child Health (BACCH) on how much joint working they experienced with CAMHS, any hindrances to more collaborative working, and the impact on service users and service provision. This paper is based on thematic analysis of 327 free-text comments by paediatricians.ResultsA total of 245 community paediatricians responded to the survey (22% of BACCH members). However, some responses were made on behalf of teams rather than for individual paediatricians. The following were the key themes identified: a strong support for joint working between community paediatrics and CAMHS; an acknowledgement that current levels of joint working were limited; the main barriers to joint working were splintered commissioning and service structures (eg, where integrated care systems fund different providers to meet overlapping children’s health needs); and the most commonly reported negative impact of non-joint working was severely limited access to CAMHS for CYP judged by paediatricians to require mental health support, particularly those with autism spectrum disorder.ConclusionThere is very limited joint working between community paediatrics and CAMHS in the UK, which is associated with many adverse impacts on service users and providers. A prointegration strategy that includes joint commissioning of adequately funded paediatric and CAMHS services that are colocated and within the same health management organisations is crucial to improving joint working between paediatrics and CAMHS.

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Nenna, Raffaella, Katie A. Hunt, Theodore Dassios, Jennifer J. P. Collins, Robbert J. Rottier, Norrice M. Liu, Bart Rottier, et al. "Key paediatric messages from the 2018 European Respiratory Society International Congress." ERJ Open Research 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 00241–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00241-2018.

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In this article, the Group Chairs and early career members of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Paediatric Assembly highlight some of the most interesting findings in the field of paediatrics which were presented at the 2018 international ERS Congress.

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Ozen, Metehan, and Ener Cagri Dinleyici. "Foreword: All things considered about probiotics, prebiotics and ıntestinal microbiota in children – from bench to bedside." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.x002.

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There are numerorus published and ongoing experimental/clinical studies about probiotics and prebiotics, intestinal microbiota and nutrition. Three years ago, at the first International Symposium of Probiotics Prebiotics in Paediatrics in Istanbul (2012) we highlighted the ‘paediatric perspective’ on these issues and brought together more than 40 global key opinion leaders and 400 attendants to have a chance to extensively discuss the past, present and the future. In 2014, the second state of art congress, held in Antalya, aimed to discuss the gut microbiota and microbiotics and their impact through lifespan. Selected papers of this conference are presented in this special issue ‘prebiotics and probiotics in paediatrics’ of Beneficial Microbes. A summary of the conference results is provided below.

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Issenman, Robert M. "Community paediatrics in Ontario: 1996 paediatric physician resource study." Paediatrics & Child Health 3, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/3.4.235.

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Mullen, Stephen, Michael D. Shields, and Dara O'Donoghue. "Exposure and attitudes to adolescent health amongst Paediatric trainees in Northern Ireland: a mixed-methods study." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (March 2020): e000563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000563.

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AimsTo determine the exposure and attitudes of paediatric trainees towards adolescent medicine.MethodsAll paediatric trainees in the Northern Ireland deanery (n=107) were invited to participate in an online survey in March 2016. The questionnaire was based on the ‘Modified Perceptions of Adolescent Issues and Resources: Care of Adolescents’ questionnaire. The questions included a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree, 5-strongly agree) as well as open questions. All paediatric trainees were invited to attend focus groups to expand on themes generated from the questionnaire.ResultsThe response rate for the paediatric survey was 62% (n=66). Trainees identified adolescence as an area of importance similar to paediatrics and neonates; however, knowledge, confidence, skills and previous teaching in adolescent medicine were lower than for neonatal medicine and general paediatrics. Trainees who saw ≥6 adolescent patients per week were more likely to rate the importance of adolescent medicine higher. Trainees’ perceived confidence, knowledge, self-rated skills and prior teaching in adolescent medicine were strongly correlated. Most (70%) respondents stated that they had not attended an adolescent transition clinic during their postgraduate training. Undergraduate and postgraduate teaching for adolescent health was rated poorly.ConclusionsThis project identified a paediatric trainee population that are aware of the importance of adolescent health but with low perceived knowledge, skills and confidence to manage them. Education is required to enhance learning and improve outcomes for adolescent patients.

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Brykczynska, M. "Paediatrics concern." Nursing Standard 2, no. 47 (August 27, 1988): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.47.33.s65.

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Brook, Lynda A., and A. Michael Weindling. "The Paediatrics." AVMA Medical & Legal Journal 1, no. 2 (March 1995): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135626229500100203.

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