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1
Suss, Rachel, Madison Mahoney, Kendall J. Arslanian, Kate Nyhan, and Nicola L. Hawley. "Pregnancy health and perinatal outcomes among Pacific Islander women in the United States and US Affiliated Pacific Islands: Protocol for a scoping review." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): e0262010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This scoping review examines the literature on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Pacific Islander women in the United States (U.S.) and U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. Our aim was to identify research that disaggregated Pacific Islanders from other population groups. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and PsycINFO (Ovid) databases and a hand-search of grey literature. Forty-eight articles published between January 2010 and June 2020 were included. The majority of studies were conducted in Hawaii and utilized clinical record data. Infant outcomes were more commonly reported than maternal outcomes. We highlighted several limitations of the existing literature that included aggregation of Pacific Islanders with Asian American and other ethnic groups; limited comparison between Pacific Islander sub-groups; inadequate definitions of the nationality and ethnic composition of Pacific Islander groups; a lack of hypothesis-driven primary data collection and clinical trials; and underrepresentation of Pacific Islanders in population-based studies. Researchers should address these limitations to improve pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Pacific Islanders, who comprise the second fastest growing ethnic minority in the U.S.
2
Chen, Moon S. "Cardiovascular Health among Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders: An Examination of Health Status and Intervention Approaches." American Journal of Health Promotion 7, no. 3 (January 1993): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-7.3.199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose of the Review. The purpose of this review is to examine the cardiovascular health status of Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders by primary risk factor and review current intervention approaches targeting this population. Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders in the United States have experienced triple digit percentage increases in population for every decade since 1970. Despite their rapidly increasing numbers, little is known about their cardiovascular health status. Search Methods Used. This article reviews the literature on the demographics, mortality, and prevalence of major cadiovascular risk factors among Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders. Selected intervention programs are also described. Summary of Important Findings. Data on cardiovascular disease mortality for Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders are relatively limited because few states collect ethnically specific mortality statistics. Data on cardiovascular risk factors, particularly smoking and hypertension, for certain Asian American/Pacific Islander groups portend excessive cardiovascular disease burdens. Major Conclusions. Data specific to ethnic groups comprising Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders need to be culled. Also, scientifically valid and linguistically appropriate interventions approved by ethnic community leaders are needed to address Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders.
3
Macpherson, Cluny. "Pacific Islanders." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 42, no. 1 (April 2001): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8373.00129.
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Macpherson, Cluny. "Pacific Islanders." Pacific Viewpoint 32, no. 2 (October 1991): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apv.322004.
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Nishino, Ryota. "From Memory Making to Money Making?" Pacific Historical Review 86, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 443–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2017.86.3.443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Of the numerous commercially published Japanese travelogues about the southwestern Pacific Islands, five stand out for their detailed accounts of interactions between the travel writers and the Pacific Islanders. This article explores the common narrative threads in these works. Drawing on the literature on travel writing and dark tourism, it analyzes how the relationship between travelers and the Islanders has evolved over time. The early writers report disturbing encounters with Islanders for whom memories of World War II’s Pacific battles were still vivid. The later writers exhibit greater expectations as patrons of battlefield tourism. Their writing displays less interest in a meaningful cultural exchange with the Islanders. This trend may parallel the asymmetry of political and economic power between Japan and the Pacific Islands.
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Salas-Escabillas, Daniel J., Nicholas A. Sowizral, Sarah McNally, and Sela V. Panapasa. "Abstract B049: Investigating standard of care treatments for cancers and their efficacy in Pacific Islander populations." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): B049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-b049.
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Abstract Lung, Colorectal, and Pancreatic cancers are among the deadliest due to lack of early detection methods and few effective treatments. Among these cancers, patients who come from White or Black backgrounds have been shown to have the highest incidence and mortality when compared to other racial groups including Pacific Islanders. Although, most data aggregate Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders together, previous studies show that the trends in cancer rates and treatment efficacy is drastically different among these two groups. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEERs) Program conducted by the NIH is one such database that shows Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders as having the lowest incidence and mortality for all three of the top deadly cancers. The SEER is a database that collects cancer statistics from 33 different registries including Hawai'i, four California registries, Alaska, Texas and Utah, which are states with the highest populations of Pacific Islanders. The SEER also identifies White and Black Patients to have the highest incidence of Prostate Cancer but former studies have shown that Pacific Islanders surpass White non-Hispanics which the SEER establishes as the second highest in prostate cancer incidence. By disaggregating the data to analyze Pacific Islanders compared to other racial and ethnic groups, we can determine the true trends of cancer rates and mortality in the Pacific Islander Community. Through this work we will also determine if the standard of care treatments available to patients of these most deadly cancers is effective in those with a Pacific Islander background. Our data and data from other studies have shown that standard of care treatments are more effective in patients of European descent and are not as effective with patients from other communities due to the trials and tools used focusing a majority on caucasian patients. This is due to afflictions such as diabetes, obesity, history of smoking or drinking, and other criteria that may disqualify patients for clinical trials and treatments, however the communities most effected and have the highest prevalence of these criteria are people of color including Pacific Islanders. Our work is meant to do two things 1) lay a foundation to start collecting disaggregated data to get true trends of cancer statistics and 2) to understand the efficacy of treatments on the Pacific Islander community that is usually collected with Asian Americans which may mask the true effect on the microminority community of Pacific Islanders. Citation Format: Daniel J. Salas-Escabillas, Nicholas A. Sowizral, Sarah McNally, Sela V. Panapasa. Investigating standard of care treatments for cancers and their efficacy in Pacific Islander populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B049.
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McNeill, Henrietta, and Marinella Marmo. "Past–Present Differential Inclusion: Australia’s Targeted Deportation of Pacific Islanders, 1901 to 2021." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Australia, past and present, Pacific Islanders have been labelled as undesirable others, included to temporarily fill labour shortages as required, controlled while resident in the country and removed when no longer deemed necessary. Pacific Islanders’ experiences in Australia reveal the inception, continuity and durability of differential inclusion produced by border control mechanisms. This paper traces Australia’s history of deporting Pacific Islanders over more than a century: from indentured labour and blackbirding, colonial occupation of Pacific Islands and the White Australia Policy, to more recent patterns of selective inclusion, such as the labour mobility schemes, to the disproportionate effects on Pacific Islanders of modifications to the criteria for deportability introduced in 2014 with the amendments to Section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth). By tracing the past–present circular border policies, this paper argues that the high number of Pasifika New Zealanders deported from Australia represents a continuation of a regime of differential inclusion.
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Chun, Donna, Norman Eburne, Joseph Donnelly, Norman Kaluhiokalani, Joke Kokkonen, and Jana Whitehead. "Comparison of Selected Measures Of Physical Fitness in Women Subjects from Various Ethnic Groups and National Backgrounds." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i3.1957.
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This study compared fitness components in 317 women of different ethnicity from BYU-Hawaii. Data was analyzed using SPSS, ANOVA, t-tests, and Tukey’s HSD Post-Hoc Test. Results showed American Caucasians were faster and leaner than Pacific Islanders and Hawaiians. American Caucasians, Pacific Islanders and Hawaiians were stronger than Asians. American Caucasians did more sit-ups than Pacific Islanders and Asians and more back extensions than Pacific Islanders. Asians were leaner than Pacific Islanders and Hawaiians, and faster than Pacific Islanders. Whether these differences resulted from genetics or socio-cultural factors is unclear. Differences may be remedied by ethnic norms as developed in this study.
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Titifanue, Jason, Romitesh Kant, Glen Finau, and Jope Tarai. "Climate change advocacy in the Pacific: The role of information and communication technologies." Pacific Journalism Review 23, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.105.
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This article explores the phenomenon of the use of ICT for climate change activism in the Pacific. Climate change activism in the Pacific is characterised by the use of ICT tools such as social media. The article draws on semi-structured interviews and an analysis of social media sites to examine the use of social media in Pacific climate change campaigns. While other campaigns such as relating to West Papua have also been facilitated by social media, it has been generally NGO, citizen-led and varied in Pacific government support. In contrast, climate change campaigns in the Pacific are fully supported at the NGO, citizen, and state levels. Furthermore, while early Pacific ICT-based climate change campaigns used iconic images of Pacific Islanders leaving their homelands, more recent campaigns have leveraged social media to depict Pacific Islanders not as victims but as ‘warriors’. This new imagery aims to empower Pacific Islanders and engender a regional Pacific identity that shows strength and solidarity on the Pacific’s stance towards climate change.
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Wu, Bohao, Veronika Shabanova, Kendall Arslanian, Kate Nyhan, Elizabeth Izampuye, Sarah Taylor, Bethel Muasau-Howard, Alec Ekeroma, and Nicola L. Hawley. "Global prevalence of preterm birth among Pacific Islanders: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): e0001000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The epidemiology of preterm birth among Pacific Islanders is minimally understood. The purpose of this study was to estimate pooled prevalence of preterm birth among Pacific Islanders and to estimate their risk of preterm birth compared to White/European women. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Global Health, and two regional journals in March 2023. Observational studies were included if they reported preterm birth-related outcomes among Pacific Islanders. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of preterm birth with 95% confidence interval (CI). Bayes meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% highest posterior density intervals (HPDI). The Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for risk of bias assessment. We estimated preterm birth prevalence among Pacific Islanders in the United States (US, 11.8%, sample size [SS] = 209,930, 95% CI 10.8%-12.8%), the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI, SS = 29,036, 6.7%, 95% CI 4.9%-9.0%), New Zealand (SS = 252,162, 7.7%, 95% CI 7.1%-8.3%), Australia (SS = 20,225, 6.1%, 95% CI 4.2%-8.7%), and Papua New Guinea (SS = 2,647, 7.0%, 95% CI 5.6%-8.8%). Pacific Islanders resident in the US were more likely to experience preterm birth compared to White women (OR = 1.45, 95% HPDI 1.32–1.58), but in New Zealand their risk was similar (OR = 1.00, 95% HPDI 0.83–1.16) to European women. Existing literature indicates that Pacific Islanders in the US had a higher prevalence of preterm birth and experienced health inequities. Learning from New Zealand’s culturally-sensitive approach to health care provision may provide a starting point for addressing disparities. The limited number of studies identified may contribute to higher risk of bias and the heterogeneity in our estimates; more data is needed to understand the true burden of preterm birth in the Pacific region.
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Finney, Ben. "Pacific Islanders at Sea." American Anthropologist 99, no. 2 (June 1997): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1997.99.2.403.
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Panapasa, Sela, Voon Phua, and James McNally. "Economic Hardship among Elderly Pacific Islanders." Aging 6, no. 2 (2008): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus6.2_67-82_panapasaetal.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ensuring the economic well-being of elderly represents a critical issue for social policy. The impacts of financial instability reach beyond an individual’s overall well-being and their family relationships. To date, little is known about the economic status of elderly Native Hawaiians Pacific Islanders (NHOPI). This paper presents baseline information on the poverty status of NHOPI elders and how individual and household characteristics impact their economic well-being. Using bivariate and multivariate analysis the results show that the risks of poverty varies markedly across different Pacific Islander subgroups but that all elder uniformly benefit from coresidence within an extend family household.
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Osmond, Gary. "The Nimble Savage: Press Constructions of Pacific Islander Swimmers in Early Twentieth-Century Australia." Media International Australia 157, no. 1 (November 2015): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515700116.
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In the decades around Australian Federation in 1901, a number of Pacific Islanders gained prominence in aquatic sport on the beaches and in the pools of Sydney in particular. Two swimmers, brothers Alick and Edward (Ted) Wickham from the Solomon Islands, were especially prominent. This article examines racial constructions of these athletes by the Australian press. Given the existence of well-entrenched negative racial stereotypes about Pacific Islanders, and legislative manifestations of the White Australia policy that sought to deport and exclude Islanders, racially negative portrayals of the Wickhams might have been expected in the press. Instead, newspapers constructed these men in largely positive terms, idealising the supposedly natural ability of Islanders in water and reifying an aquatic Nimble Savage stereotype. While largely contained to a few individuals, this nonetheless powerful press construction presented an alternative perspective to the prevailing negative stereotypes.
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Kerr, JoNita Q., Donald J. Hess, Celia M. Smith, and Michael G. Hadfield. "Recognizing and Reducing Barriers to Science and Math Education and STEM Careers for Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders." CBE—Life Sciences Education 17, no. 4 (December 2018): mr1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.18-06-0091.
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Climate change is impacting the Pacific Islands first and most drastically, yet few native islanders are trained to recognize, analyze, or mitigate the impacts in these islands. To understand the reasons why low numbers of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders enter colleges, enroll in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses, or undertake life sciences/STEM careers, 25 representatives from colleges and schools in seven U.S.-affiliated states and countries across the Pacific participated in a 2-day workshop. Fourteen were indigenous peoples of their islands. Participants revealed that: 1) cultural barriers, including strong family obligations and traditional and/or religious restrictions, work against students leaving home or entering STEM careers; 2) geographic barriers confront isolated small island communities without secondary schools, requiring students to relocate to a distant island for high school; 3) in many areas, teachers are undertrained in STEM, school science facilities are lacking, and most island colleges lack STEM majors and modern labs; and 4) financial barriers arise, because many islanders must relocate from their home islands to attend high school and college, especially, the costs for moving to Guam, Hawai’i, or the U.S. mainland. Most solutions depend on financial input, but mechanisms to increase awareness of the value of STEM training are also important.
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Donoghue, Michael. "Achieving Sustainable Fisheries in The Pacific Islands." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00302009.
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The tuna fisheries within the Exclusive Economic Zones of the Pacific islands are the richest in the world. Pacific Islanders have some of the highest per capita fish and seafood consumption rates in the world, and both commercial and subsistence fisheries are of vital significance. This paper sets out a vision for the region’s fisheries that incorporates a number of elements, including sustainable harvesting of targeted fish stocks, protection of habitat, conservation of threatened species, maximising the value to the region of fish harvest, addressing the issues of marine pollution (including plastics), and increasing the employment opportunities for Pacific Islanders in the management and conservation of their resources, to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 and achieve truly sustainable fisheries.
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Bedford, Richard. "Pacific Islanders in New Zealand." Espace, populations, sociétés 12, no. 2 (1994): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/espos.1994.1639.
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Hune, Shirley, and Jeomja Yeo. "How Do Pacific Islanders Fare in U.S. Education? : A Look Inside Washington State Public Schools with a Focus on Samoans." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 8, no. 1 (2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus8.1_1-16_huneetal.
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This study examines demographic and educational characteristics of Pacific Islander students in Washington State’s public schools, with a focus on Samoans. Using statewide and Seattle Public Schools data, it uncovers disparities that hinder high school completion and college attendance. Findings suggest that Pacific Islander students in Washington are at a great disadvantage with lower levels of academic performance and school engagement. Samoans perceive discrimination, an uncaring school climate, and generational conflicts as major obstacles to their educational fulfillment. Disaggregated data for Pacific Islanders and case studies of their ethnic groups using qualitative methods provide a more accurate picture of their educational experiences.
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Sivasundaram, Sujit. "MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 30 (November 11, 2020): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440120000043.
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AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.
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McLennan, Amy K., and Stanley J. Ulijaszek. "Obesity emergence in the Pacific islands: why understanding colonial history and social change is important." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 8 (August 29, 2014): 1499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001400175x.
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AbstractObjectiveBetween 1980 and 2008, two Pacific island nations – Nauru and the Cook Islands – experienced the fastest rates of increasing BMI in the world. Rates were over four times higher than the mean global BMI increase. The aim of the present paper is to examine why these populations have been so prone to obesity increases in recent times.DesignThree explanatory frames that apply to both countries are presented: (i) geographic isolation and genetic predisposition; (ii) small population and low food production capacity; and (iii) social change under colonial influence. These are compared with social changes documented by anthropologists during the colonial and post-colonial periods.SettingNauru and the Cook Islands.ResultsWhile islands are isolated, islanders are interconnected. Similarly, islands are small, but land use is socially determined. While obesity affects individuals, islanders are interdependent. New social values, which were rapidly propagated through institutions such as the colonial system of education and the cash economy, are today reflected in all aspects of islander life, including diet. Such historical social changes may predispose societies to obesity.ConclusionsColonial processes may have put in place the conditions for subsequent rapidly escalating obesity. Of the three frameworks discussed, social change under colonial influence is not immutable to further change in the future and could take place rapidly. In theorising obesity emergence in the Pacific islands, there is a need to incorporate the idea of obesity being a product of interdependence and interconnectedness, rather than independence and individual choice.
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Utanga, John. "Commentary: Pasifika media in the digital era." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v13i1.881.
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The proportion of people who identified as Pacific Islanders in New Zealand grew by 14.7 percent to 265,974 in the 2005 Census. Overall, Pacific people now comprise almost 7 percent of the total New Zealand population. As the Pacific communities have grown, so have the Pasifika media developed and grown. Today, most of the Pacific Islands community has become well served by radio, newspapers, online media and, to a lesser extent, television—but not well served by mainstream media. Almost all of the media services are owned/and or operated by Pacific Islands businesses or organisations based either in New Zealand or in the Islands. This commentary outlines the state of Pasifika media in New Zealand and the challenges ahead for telling Pacific stories in the digital era.
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Lubetkin, Megan, Nicole Raineault, and Sarah Gaines. "Envisioning an Interconnected Ocean: Understanding the Links Between Geological Ocean Structure and Coastal Communities in the Pacific." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.44.
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Abstract Covering nearly one third of the Earth's surface, the Pacific Ocean contains many significant interconnected geologic features extending into the coastal zone and the islands themselves. Trenches, ridges, seamount chains, faults, and fracture zones are not only fundamental expressions of Earth processes but also fundamental to life. Without awareness of these features and their natural and cultural importance, marine management and global understanding will remain disjointed. The Ocean Exploration Trust (OET) will spend the next several years in the Pacific conducting scientific expeditions to better understand the ocean through seafloor mapping and ocean exploration. Western ocean science is one of many ways to perceive and value the structural features of the Pacific. Communities across Pacific islands—often volcanic peaks emerging from deep below—are interconnected by water and by the underlying seafloor. We acknowledge the knowledge from local communities and recognize the multitude of ways to conceptualize and relate to the Pacific. With the University of Rhode Island's Coastal Resources Center (CRC), OET seeks to collaborate with local communities to reveal the structural significance and interconnected nature of oceanic features, making a link to the livelihoods of Pacific islanders. Further objectives would be co-designed with partners from local communities.
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Patel, Dhaval, Lekha Yadukumar, Claudia M. Dourado, and John Charles Leighton. "Demographic and racial characteristics, and survival trends in pleural mesothelioma: A population based study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e20543-e20543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e20543.
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e20543 Background: Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that originates from the visceral and parietal pleura. Approximately 3,000 people are diagnosed with mesothelioma in the United States each year ( < 0.03% of all cancers). The prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of only 7 to 10%. With a latency period of 30 to 60 years, mesothelioma is typically diagnosed at an advanced age. Our objective is to investigate the demographic and racial factors that affect prognosis and survival rates in patients with pleural mesothelioma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Socioeconomic and racial factors in 13,166 patients diagnosed with mesothelioma from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test. Cancer-specific survival outcomes were compared across racial and ethnic factors using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: The patients were predominantly male (78.3%) and White (91.3%). Gender-based differences were narrower among the Asian/Pacific Islander population (74.5% male vs. 25.5% female) and Black population (76.8% male vs. 23.2% female) compared to Whites (78.5% male vs. 21.5% female). In the Asian/Pacific Islander population, 59.7% of patients were diagnosed with mesothelioma after 2010, compared to 40.3% diagnosed before 2010 (p-value < 0.001). Of the 12,029 new mesothelioma diagnoses in the White population, 51.6% occurred before 2010 and 48.4% after 2010. Distant disease was more prevalent in the Black population at 68%, compared to 64% in White patients and 62.3% in Asian/Pacific Islanders. Patients with a household income above $65,000 accounted for 60.8%. 57.9% of Black patients had an income below $65,000, compared to 38.9% of White patients and 23% of Asian/Pacific Islanders. At diagnosis, 51% of Black patients were married, compared to 69.5% of Asian/Pacific Islander patients and 64.5% of White patients. Chemotherapy was administered to 41.7% of patients (p-value < 0.07), followed by surgery (24.5%, p-value < 0.003) and radiation (10.4%, p-value < 0.026). 75.8% of Black individuals did not receive treatment, compared to 71.6% of Asian/Pacific Islanders and 70.1% of White patients (p-value < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of mesothelioma-related death was 70.2%. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates for Black patients were 29%, 5%, and 1% respectively; for White patients, the rates were 33.2%, 6.5%, and 2.1%; and for Asian/Pacific Islander patients, the rates were 31%, 6%, and 2%. Conclusions: Our study highlights the interplay of socioeconomic and racial factors that may impact survival trends. Black patients have a poorer survival rate compared to White and Asian/Pacific Islander populations. This disparity could be attributed to several factors such as later stage diagnosis, lower marital status, household income, and reduced access to treatment options.
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Friedlaender, Jonathan S., Françoise R. Friedlaender, Floyd A. Reed, Kenneth K. Kidd, Judith R. Kidd, Geoffrey K. Chambers, Rodney A. Lea, et al. "The Genetic Structure of Pacific Islanders." PLoS Genetics 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2008): e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019.
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Ton, Joanna, and Ann S. Dellaira. "AIDS in Asians and Pacific Islanders." AIDS Patient Care 8, no. 6 (December 1994): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1994.8.334.
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Subica, Andrew M., Nia Aitaoto, J. Greer Sullivan, Benjamin F. Henwood, Ann Marie Yamada, and Bruce G. Link. "Mental illness stigma among Pacific Islanders." Psychiatry Research 273 (March 2019): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.077.
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Fong, Timothy, Michael Campos, Richard Rosenthal, Mary-Lynn Brecht, Bryan Schwartz, Alice Davis, and Bowen Chung. "Problem Gambling Knowledge and Perceived Community Impact Among Asian-Pacific Islanders and Non Asian-Pacific Islanders." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 12, no. 2 (March 6, 2009): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-009-9238-7.
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Melesaine, Jean. "California Islanders." Boom 5, no. 1 (2015): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.1.38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From “Fa'afafines,” (the third gender of Samoa) living in housing projects to teen fathers raising their children, Jean Melesaine’s photographs tells the stories of Pacific Islanders in urban California diasporas. For many of the younger generation in the United States, the complexity of multiple identities is etched in to their skin. For instance, on a drunken night in a garage, a young Samoan man gets the traditional “tatau” (tattoo) symbols of “ancestors” without knowing the symbol’s meaning, his “Blood Killer” tattoo for the Crip gang he belongs to, and the words “Sa'moa,” meaning sacred center, share the same map on his body.
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Singh, Gopal K., and Sue C. Lin. "Dramatic Increases in Obesity and Overweight Prevalence among Asian Subgroups in the United States, 1992–2011." ISRN Preventive Medicine 2013 (October 29, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/898691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined trends in adult obesity and overweight prevalence among major Asian/Pacific Islander (API) subgroups and the non-Hispanic whites from 1992 to 2011. Using 1992–2011 National Health Interview Surveys, obesity, overweight, and BMI differentials were analyzed by logistic, linear, and log-linear regression. Between 1992 and 2011, obesity prevalence doubled for the Chinese, the Asian Indians, the Japanese, and the Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders; and tripled for the Filipinos. Obesity prevalence among API adults tripled from 3.7% in 1992 to 13.3% in 2010, and overweight prevalence doubled from 23.2% to 43.1%. Immigrants in each API subgroup had lower prevalence than their US-born counterparts, with immigrants’ obesity and overweight risks increasing with increasing duration of residence. During 2006–2011, obesity prevalence ranged from 3.3% for Chinese immigrants to 22.3% for the US-born Filipinos and 41.1% for the Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders. The Asian Indians, the Filipinos, and the Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders had, respectively, 3.1, 3.8, and 10.9 times higher odds of obesity than those of the Chinese adults. Compared with Chinese immigrants, the adjusted odds of obesity were 3.5–4.6 times higher for the US-born Chinese and the foreign-born Filipinos, 9 times higher for the US-born Filipinos and whites, 3.8–5.5 times higher for the US-born and foreign-born Asian Indians, and 21.9 times higher for the Native Hawaiians. Substantial ethnic heterogeneity and rising prevalence underscore the need for increased monitoring of obesity and obesity-related risk factors among API subgroups.
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Nguyen, Bach Mai Dolly, Pedro Noguera, Nathan Adkins, and Robert T. Teranishi. "Ethnic Discipline Gap: Unseen Dimensions of Racial Disproportionality in School Discipline." American Educational Research Journal 56, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1973–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219833919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research on the school discipline gap reveals growing awareness of the disproportionate impact on students of color; however, dynamics of the racial discipline gap remain underanalyzed. This article uses risk ratios to descriptively establish if ethnic disproportionality in school discipline is present among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) subgroups. We find that when AAPI data are disaggregated, significant variations in discipline patterns emerge. Pacific Islanders are nearly twice as likely as their White peers to be disciplined when separated from Asian Americans, and all Pacific Islander subgroups are at equal or higher risk for discipline. We also find a discipline gap between ethnic subgroups. Our findings affirm the need to further refine the analyses of race and school discipline.
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Gushiken, Brooke, Christa M. Braun-Inglis, Tyler Workman, and Jami Aya Fukui. "Toxicity differences in CDK 4/6 inhibitors seen in Asian and Pacific Islanders." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e13086-e13086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e13086 Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are the standard of care, first line treatment for hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer and adjuvant high-risk hormone receptor positive early stage breast cancer along with endocrine therapy. There have been multiple clinical trials validating the effectiveness, along with toxicities of these agents; however, the majority of these trials lack ethnic diversity. This shortcoming limits the ability to apply these findings in diverse patient populations, especially among Asian and Pacific Islanders in Hawaii. Objective: To determine if the toxicity profile of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in women with breast cancer is different among patients at a community oncology practice in Hawaii, in which the majority of patients are Asian, Pacific Islander or a combination of both when compared to three landmark trials. Methods: A retrospective analysis of thirty-two patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic or high risk breast cancer who started endocrine therapy and CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy (abemaciclib, ribociclib, or palbociclib) between 2018-2023. Graded toxicities of each individual patient based on CTCAE criteria V. 5, along with demographic data was reviewed and compared to three main registration trials for these agents (MONARCH-3, MONALEESA-2, PALOMA-2). Results: Combined results from the three large randomized trials reported an average of 75% of participants were Caucasian, as compared to 15% in the Hawaii data. While 19% percent of participants from the combined large randomized trials reported being of Asian descent, none of these trials reported a breakdown of Asians versus Pacific Islanders. In the Hawaii sample, 41% were reported as Pacific Islander and 41% reported as Asian, 15% Caucasian, with the final 3% reported as Hispanic. Collective analysis of the FDA registration trials contained 0% Pacific Islander, 19.8% Asian, 74.3% White, 1.5% Black, and 4.4% Other. The majority of all toxicities of all grades were higher in the Hawaii population as compared to the three national trials, except for neutropenia with ribociclib and diarrhea with palbociclib (Table). Conclusions: The Hawaii analysis that was primarily comprised of Asians and Pacific Islanders revealed an increased incidence of toxicities, despite starting at lower doses rates for all CDK 4/6 inhibitors. This data analysis begins to highlight the importance of representative populations in clinical trials for the most effective and safest care of diverse populations. [Table: see text]
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Weston, Nathaniel Parker. "Racializing Pacific Islanders: Jewish Facial Features, Popular Anthropology, and the German Colonization of the Palau Islands, 1873–1925." Genealogy 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8020049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1862, the German naturalist Carl Semper traveled through the Palau Islands, a Spanish colony in the Southwestern Pacific. He published an account of his travels in 1873 and claimed that the people of Palau possessed Jewish facial features. Although his book was rejected by professional anthropologists in Imperial Germany, popular anthropologists widely circulated his observation that Palauans shared physical characteristics with Jewish people. This article demonstrates that the racialization of Pacific Islanders, specifically those inhabiting the Palau Islands, was rooted in antisemitic notions about Jewish people as a race built on stereotypes about particular traits. This topic has been thus far overlooked by scholars of German colonialism, German anthropology, and German discourses on the Pacific Islands, particularly the Palau Islands.
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Dyer, R., M. Tafuna'i, I. Meredith, and D. Sarfati. "Cancer Care in Small Pacific Island States." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 214s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.86400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Like other LMICs, many Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) have fragile and overburdened health systems with which to combat an increasing burden of cancer. Additionally, a combination of small geographically dispersed populations, limited resources, isolation and frequent natural disasters make cancer control in Pacific Islands also significantly different to elsewhere in the world. No prior work has provided a stocktake of current capacity for diagnosis and treatment of cancer across the region to date. Aim: To describe the specialized health services available for cancer control in the Pacific region, and show the complexity associated with accessing cancer care for Pacific Islanders. Methods: A cross-sectional review of medical services and human resources available for cancer control was undertaken for 21 Pacific Community (SPC) member countries and territories in April-May 2018 , specifically diagnosis (pathology and radiology) and treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical modalities and overseas referrals for services not available on-island) by contacting individual countries and territories. Common travel routes were mapped individually for 4 PICTs; Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Kiribati and Tokelau; as examples of the unique challenges faced by rural dwelling Pacific Islanders when accessing the highest level of care available in-country. Results: Capacity for cancer diagnosis and care is extremely limited in the Pacific region. The exceptions are the 2 French territories (French Polynesia and New Caledonia) and Guam where a near full complement of services for diagnosis and treatment are operational. Some pathology services are generally available in the larger PICTs, while specimens are sent to affiliated off island laboratories for the rest. Plain x-ray and ultrasound are available at 1 or more locations in all PICTs. General and gynecologic surgery is the most widespread treatment modality available. Some to full chemotherapy administered in 7 and radiotherapy in 3 (formerly 4) PICTs. Overseas referrals for medical services not available in-country are a common feature to all PICTs health systems. A need to travel long distances to access health care is a challenged faced by Pacific Islanders on outer islands and rural villages. Examples will be presented. Conclusion: Cancer control services are few and far between in the Pacific region, and PICTs will always likely rely on overseas referrals for care not available. Access barriers exist for those on outer islands and in villages, and an unknown number seek treatment late or not at all for these reasons. Governments need to invest into strengthening primary and secondary care services, making them an option that is more easily accessible to remote populations. Collaboration between transport and health sectors to look at ways to improve frequency, regulation and safety of modes of transportation to outer islands to improve current systems.
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Ro, Marguerite, and Wendy Ho. "Aligning Policy to the Mental Health Needs of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 8, no. 2 (2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus8.2_1-20_roetal.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines federal and California state mental health policy as related to Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. A brief review of several pertinent issues is presented: the mental health status of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, culture and stigma, insurance coverage and utilization, and the mental health workforce. Recommendations are suggested to address issues of data and research, culturally competent services, and accountability of existing policies.
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Prihadiansyah, Khansa Deryqa. "GERAKAN FEMINISME DALAM UPAYA PERDAMAIAN DI PASIFIK SELATAN." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v7i1.444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article aims to describe how the values and views of feminism move in the Pacific Islands region to build peace. The concept of feminism in peacebuilding is used in qualitative research, as well as in library studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of feminist values in the women's movement in building peace in the Pacific Islands region arises due to the high number of problems women face due to inequality in conflict and everyday life. The application of feminism in peacebuilding in the Pacific Islands region is carried out alongside the traditional view of women held by Pacific Islanders, departing from the majority of movements in the Pacific region that do the same thing instead of shifting existing values. However, the biggest unresolved problem is the lack of representation of women in the legislatures of Pacific Island countries, which has encouraged the feminist movement in peacebuilding to focus on the regional level.
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Cohen, Kayla. "Māori perspectives on justice for Pacific Islanders at risk of climate-induced displacement." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00136_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anthropogenic climate change is causing ocean acidification and sea levels to rise, threatening the economic, food and physical security of low-lying Pacific Islands. Debates ensue as to whether these effects will force islanders to migrate and, if so, how the international community should conceive of and provide justice for climate-induced displacees. These debates pivot around questions of causality, agency, justice and state security. By focusing on the Indigenous intercultural dynamics that permeate the South Pacific, especially with regard to Polynesian solidarity, this study aims to add further nuance to the debate on how to govern climate-induced migration in the Pacific. Māori environmental activists and experts were interviewed for their views on justice for at-risk Pacific Islanders. Analysis revealed that interviewees conceptualized justice through a holistic prism, accounting for short- and long-term spiritual, psychological and socio-economic impacts of displacement. Drawing on Māori genealogy and principles, interviewees expressed a strong preference and perceived obligation to assist Polynesian displacees. A three-pronged paradigm of justice for Pacific Island displacees emerged based on the concepts of whakapapa, whakamana and rangatiratanga, promoting empowerment, epistemological equity and sovereignty. Rooted in Māori philosophy, this paradigm departs from the state security logic currently dominating climate change and migration discourses.
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Cambers, Gillian. "Islanders’ Perspectives on Sustainable Living." Island Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2006): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An internet forum, supported by the Small Islands Voice initiative, has since 2002 provided a place where islanders from around the world could discuss issues and problems and also learn from the experiences of others. This paper provides a reflective overview of the discussions over the past four years and attempts to identify some specific characteristics that identify islanders in their approaches to everyday living. An analysis of the forum respondents shows that approximately two thirds are male; one half come from the Pacific islands; and more than a half are employed in island-based occupations. Discussions have covered infrastructural development; resource management; environmental, social and economic issues. The overview indicates islanders are very willing to speak out and take ownership of their issues and problems and their discussions show a significant level of understanding about the need to balance limited resources and economic development. Proposals for action are practical and feasible and there is a strong vein of common sense running through the responses. Most significantly, islanders show a deep love for their island homes, an attitude of caring about the future development of their islands, and a willingness to try to solve their problems themselves.
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Li, Dongmei, Jillian Inouye, Jim Davis, and Richard F. Arakaki. "Associations between Psychosocial and Physiological Factors and Diabetes Health Indicators in Asian and Pacific Islander Adults with Type 2 Diabetes." Nursing Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/703520.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The associations between psychosocial and physiological factors and diabetes’ health indicators have not been widely investigated among Asians and Pacific Islanders. We hypothesize that health behaviour and depression are directly or indirectly associated with diabetes’ health indicators such as BMI, glycemic control, general health, and diabetes quality of life. Our hypothesis was tested through a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Questionnaires that assessed health behaviour, depression, general health, diabetes quality of life, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), along with patients’ demographic information, were obtained from 207 Asian and Pacific Islander adults with type 2 diabetes. IBM SPSS Amos 20 was used for the SEM analysis at 5% level of significance, and the goodness fit of the SEM model was also evaluated. The final SEM model showed that diet and exercise and foot care had positive associations, while depression had a negative association with diabetes’ health indicators. The results highlighted the importance of exercise and depression in diabetes patients’ BMI, glycemic control, general health, and quality of life, which provide evidence for the need to alleviate patients’ depression besides education and training in diet and exercise in future intervention studies among Asians and Pacific Islanders with type 2 diabetes.
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Bräutigam, Amie, and Thomas Elmqvist. "Conserving Pacific Island flying foxes." Oryx 24, no. 2 (April 1990): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pacific Islanders, conservationists, and bat biologists are applauding the recent decision of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) to increase protection of flying foxes, or fruit bats, of the genera Acerodon and Pteropus from the adverse effects of international trade into US jurisdictions in the Pacific. This decision culminates efforts dating as far back as 1981 to control international trade in these species, which has decimated populations on many islands. It poses a challenge to US government authorities to institute wildlife trade controls in the Pacific and to Pacific Island governments, many of which are not yet CITES members, to develop effective measures to control exports of these and other species.
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Dvorak, Greg. "Who Closed the Sea? Archipelagoes of Amnesia Between the United States and Japan." Pacific Historical Review 83, no. 2 (November 2012): 350–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2014.83.2.350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a profound lack of awareness among younger generations about Japan’s prewar engagement with the Pacific Islands, let alone other colonial sites, yet arguably, this amnesia is not a spontaneous phenomenon. Forgetting about Micronesia and erasing it from the Japanese mass consciousness was a project in which both Japanese and American postwar forces were complicit. Focusing on stories of Japanese amnesia and selective memory in the Marshall Islands, I explore the Marshallese notion of “closing the sea,” how U.S. power has long been a mediating factor in why Japanese forget their Pacific past, and also why Marshall Islanders remember it.
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Weber, Eberhard. "Envisioning South-South relations in the fields of environmental change and migration in the Pacific Islands - past, present and futures." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0009-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change poses severe threats to developing countries. Scientists predict entire states (e.g. Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Maldives) will become inhabitable. People living in these states have to resettle to other countries. Media and politicians warn that climate change will trigger migration flows in dimensions unknown to date. It is feared that millions from developing countries overwhelm developed societies and increase pressures on anyway ailing social support systems destabilizing societies and becoming a potential source of conflict.Inhabitants of Pacific Islandsahave been mobile since the islands were first settled not longer than 3,500 years ago. Since then people moved around, expanded their reach, and traded with neighbouring tribes (and later countries). With the event of European powers in the 15thcentury independent mobility became restricted after the beginning of the 19thcentury. From the second half of the 19thcentury movements of people predominately served economic interests of colonial powers, in particular a huge colonial appetite for labour. After independence emigration from Pacific Island countries continued to serve economic interest of metropolitan countries at the rim of the Pacific Ocean, which are able to direct migration flows according to their economic requirements.If climate change resettlements become necessary in big numbers then Pacific Islanders do not want to become climate change refugees. To include environmental reasons in refugee conventions is not what Pacific Islanders want. They want to migrate in dignity, if it becomes unavoidable to leave their homes. There are good reasons to solve the challenges within Pacific Island societies and do not depend too much on metropolitan neighbours at the rim of the Pacific such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA. To rise to the challenge requires enhanced Pan-Pacific Island solidarity and South-South cooperation. This then would result in a reduction of dependencies. For metropolitan powers still much can be done in supporting capacity building in Pacific Island countries and helping the economies to proposer so that climate change migrants easier can be absorbed by expanding labour markets in Pacific Island countries.
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Kealoha, May K. "Introduction to Special Abstract Section on Disseminating New Knowledge and Practices for Asian and Pacific Islanders." Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 5, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.31372/20200503.1112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We are very pleased to publish our first special section of student and community abstracts and brief reports. Students of all disciplines and community members interested in disseminating new knowledge and practices submitted their papers. By accepting abstracts as well as short papers, a new opportunity was afforded for students, faculty, and community members to share their scholarship relative to the health of Asian/Pacific Islanders. The Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal is pleased to support and promote their scholarly endeavors particularly from those of Asian/Pacific Islander background. Congratulations to S. Robert Spence Jr., a DNP-FNP student at Washington State University, who was awarded the first student scholarship for publication in the APIN student/community papers special issue. He is the first author for the abstract “Gaining Entrée into a Micronesian Islander-Based Community Organization Through Culturally Responsive Team Building and Reflection.”
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Leon Guerrero, Rachael T., Angelina G. Mummert, Dareon C. Rios, Niza C. Mian, Teofila P. Cruz, Chathura Siriwardhana, and Richard Yanagihara. "Perceived Barriers and Benefits of COVID-19 Testing among Pacific Islanders on Guam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13 (July 5, 2023): 6302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pacific Islanders residing in the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands have had among the highest COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality rates in the U.S. To reduce this disparity, we conducted a study to increase the reach and uptake of COVID-19 testing in Guam. Participants, who completed a pre-survey on demographics, health status, history of COVID-19 testing and vaccination, access to COVID-19 testing, sources of COVID-19 information, and knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 test results and transmission, were invited to attend an online educational session about COVID-19 testing and transmission and to complete a post-survey. There were significant positive changes between pre- and post-survey in knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 testing and transmission, but changes were not necessarily due to exposure to the educational session. Compared to CHamoru participants (n = 380), Other Micronesians (n = 90) were significantly less knowledgeable about COVID-19 transmission and testing, were significantly more likely to not want to know if they had COVID-19, were more likely to believe if they did have COVID-19 there was not much that could be done for them, and that they would have difficulty in getting the needed healthcare. This study is another example of disparities in health knowledge and perceptions of certain Pacific Islander groups.
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Portman, Will, Dawei Wang, and Andrew Ruege. "183 Antidepressant Adherence and Alternative Future Options in Pacific Islander Youth." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285292000098x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:Objectives:To investigate the current response to psychopharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Pacific Islander adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).BACKGROUND:40-60% of youth with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have a limited response to current treatment protocols and require either (a) medications with a wider side effect profile, (b) intensive psychosocial programs that interfere with school, and/or (c) publicly spurned options (electroconvulsive therapy). Such results are tempered further when working with Pacific Islanders, as such youth and families have shown in multiple studies. The aversion to such standard treatment is concerning, as Native Hawaiian adolescents have a higher risk of suicide than other adolescents in Hawaii (12.9/100,000 youth per year). With this in mind, the investigators wondered how a novel, non-pharmacological approach to depression treatment in children, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), would fair.METHODS:2 literature searches (utilizing Pubmed, Ovid, Google Scholar, and OneSearch) were conducted on 6/10/19: 1 investigating rTMS in adolescent depression, the other researching rTMS in depression in Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander youth.RESULTS:At this point in time, 10 studies exist testing TMS’ effects in children and adolescents with treatment refractory depression. 9 of said studies were open-label trials; 1 was a small (n=2) RCT (with both patients randomized to the active arm). Of those evaluating depression severity through Children’s Depression Rating Scale-revised (“CDRS-R”) scores, 100% of the trials (8/8) displayed a statistically significant improvement. None of the trials of the 1st series of searches nor the entirety of the 2nd series yielded information as to how TMS fairs in Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander youth.CONCLUSIONS:No studies exist that can verify the efficacy of TMS in youth, of Oceanic origin or otherwise, with the same degree of scrutiny as currently done in adults. Therefore, our group is engaging in a pilot study to evaluate the performance of TMS for the treatment of MDD in Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander adolescents aged 12-17; we are planning on then progressing on to a sham-controlled RCT in a larger sample size of the same population to test its efficacy in not just Pacific Islanders, but all youth.Funding Acknowledgements:no funding
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Taparra, Kekoa. "Pacific Islanders Searching for Inclusion in Medicine." JAMA Health Forum 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): e210153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0153.
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Naʻai, David, and Kalani L. Raphael. "CKD in Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 11 (September 9, 2019): 1661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.03260319.
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Yeo, SeonAe. "Asians and Pacific Islanders and global health." Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 2, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9741/23736658.1080.
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Huntsman, Judith, Donald Denoon, Stewart Firth, Jocelyn Linnekin, Malama Meleisea, and Karen Nero. "The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders." Pacific Affairs 71, no. 3 (1998): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2761455.
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McCool, Judith, Alistair Woodward, and Teuila Percival. "Health of Pacific Islanders: Achievements and Challenges." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 23, no. 1 (December 17, 2010): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539510392206.
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Shibusawa, Naoko. "American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders." Journal of American History 103, no. 4 (March 1, 2017): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaw510.
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Brewis, AA, ST McGarvey, J. Jones, and BA Swinburn. "Perceptions of body size in Pacific Islanders." International Journal of Obesity 22, no. 2 (January 27, 1998): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800562.
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