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1
Osmond, Gary. "The Nimble Savage: Press Constructions of Pacific Islander Swimmers in Early Twentieth-Century Australia." Media International Australia 157, no. 1 (November 2015): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1515700116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the decades around Australian Federation in 1901, a number of Pacific Islanders gained prominence in aquatic sport on the beaches and in the pools of Sydney in particular. Two swimmers, brothers Alick and Edward (Ted) Wickham from the Solomon Islands, were especially prominent. This article examines racial constructions of these athletes by the Australian press. Given the existence of well-entrenched negative racial stereotypes about Pacific Islanders, and legislative manifestations of the White Australia policy that sought to deport and exclude Islanders, racially negative portrayals of the Wickhams might have been expected in the press. Instead, newspapers constructed these men in largely positive terms, idealising the supposedly natural ability of Islanders in water and reifying an aquatic Nimble Savage stereotype. While largely contained to a few individuals, this nonetheless powerful press construction presented an alternative perspective to the prevailing negative stereotypes.
2
Young, Christabel M. "Migration and Mortality: The Experience of Birthplace Groups in Australia." International Migration Review 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 531–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wide diversity exists in the mortality experience of different birthplace groups in Australia, and this also occurs with respect to their cause of death profiles. Most migrant groups experience lower mortality in Australia than in their country of origin, and most experience lower mortality than the Australian-born population. In the latter case the main expectations are the Scots, Irish, Poles, South Pacific Islanders, Scandinavian men and North American women. Exceptionally high levels of survival occur among Greeks and Italians in Australia. The lower risk of mortality from heart disease is a principal reason for the deficit between observed and expected deaths of most migrant groups in Australia.
3
Byerlee, Derek. "The Super State: The Political Economy of Phosphate Fertilizer Use in South Australia, 1880–1940." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract From 1882 to 1910 superphosphate was almost universally adopted by wheat farmers in South Australia. A supply chain perspective is used to link the mining of phosphate rock in distant Pacific islands to the final application of superphosphate in the fields of Australian wheat farmers. Farmers and private manufacturers led the adoption stage in the context of a liberal market regime and the role of the state at this stage was limited although strategic. After 1920, the role of the state in the industry sharply increased in all phases of the industry. A political economy perspective is used to analyse state-ownership of raw material supplies and protectionist policies to manufacturers that resulted in high prices in Australia by 1930. Numerous government reviews pitted the interests of farmers and manufacturers leading to a complex system of tariffs and subsidies in efforts to serve all interests. Overall, the adoption of superphosphate was a critical factor in developing productive and sustainable farming systems in Australia, although at the expense of Pacific Islanders who prior to WWII received token benefits and were ultimately left with a highly degraded landscape.
4
Rallu, Jean Louis. "Australia and Pacific Islander Migration." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The net migration gains of Pacific Islands-born to Australia increased steeply from 1986, mostly due to migration from Fiji in 1987–1988 after the coups. This is reflected in the differing migration trends and characteristics of the Fiji-born compared to other Islander migrants. Australia also receives secondary migrants from New Zealand, facilitated by the free movement of residents allowed by the Trans-Tasman Agreement. Due to poor job opportunities in the Islands and economic restructuring in the countries of the Pacific rim, Island states seem to have adopted a policy of increased brain drain to ensure remittances flows. This could also be related to changing fertility rates in the Islands in the 1980s.
5
Vasta, Ellie. "Community, the state and the deserving citizen: Pacific Islanders in Australia." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30, no. 1 (January 2004): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183032000170231.
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6
Zuber, Charles, and Prue Ahrens. "Langafonua — Building a New Life: Documenting the Cultural Life of Polynesians in Redland Shire." Queensland Review 11, no. 1 (April 2004): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600003585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Redland Shire lies between the Brisbane City limits and the waters of Moreton Bay and is named after its red soil, which has provided fertile farmland since the establishment of the City of Brisbane. The photographic collection entitled ‘Langafonua’ pictures Pacific Islanders building a new life in Redland Shire. In 2002 it was exhibited in the Redlands Gallery from 16 March to 12 April, and then at the Australian Historical Association Annual Conference in Brisbane in July. The photographs and text explore aspects of cultural life of the Polynesian families who immigrated from the South Pacific in the 1970s. The title ‘Langafonua’ connotes the aspirations of this community as it attempts to build a new life in Australia. The migrant families pictured here work in fields that are often on the cusp of rezoning for residential development. Much of the land is still owned by retired Italian farmers who lease the farms to Tongans and Samoans. In the hands of the Islanders, the farms produce the yams, sweet potatoes and bele so beloved by the Polynesian community.
7
Hariri, Siti Nadjiha. "PERSAINGAN CHINA-AUSTRALIA DALAM PEREBUTAN PENGARUH DI KAWASAN PASIFIK." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 4, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v4i1.1640.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rise of China in the Pacific region is a threat to Australia as a traditional actor who has an important influence and role in the region. The rise of China pushed Australia to increase its role in the region. The Australian Government responded by channeling funds to Pacific countries to build infrastructure, a step taken by the Australian government is considered to counteract China's influence in the Pacific. With a series of major investment funds and development assistance projects, Australia and China are trying to compete with each other to create a network of their power and influence in the Pacific countries. This journal discusses the role of China-Australia in the competition for influence in the Pacific Region, using qualitative methods aimed at describing and analyzing a phenomenon systematically. This method will explain how China's role in the Pacific region increases and Australia's response as one of the traditional actors in the region. The discussion in this journal is the influence of Australia in the Pacific, the increasing role of China and Australia's response to China's rise in the Pacific Region.
Keywords: Australia, China, Pacific Islands
Abstrak
Kebangkitan Cina di kawasan Pasifik menjadi khusus bagi Australia sebagai aktor tradisional yang memiliki kepentingan dan peran penting dikawasan. Kebangkitan China mendorong Australia untuk meningkatkan kembali perannya dikawasan. Pemerintah Australia merespons dengan akan menyalurkan dana ke negara-negara Pasifik untuk membangun infrastruktur, langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah Australia ini guna untuk menangkal pengaruh Cina di Pasifik. Dengan bantuan dana investasi utama dan proyek-proyek bantuan pembangunan, Australia dan Cina berusaha saling berlomba-lomba untuk menciptakan jaringan koordinasi dan memfasilitasi mereka di negara-negara Pasifik. Jurnal ini membahas tentang Peran Cina-Australia dalam Persaingan pengaruh di Kawasan Pasifik, dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif yang membahas dan menganalisa fenomena yang sistematis. Metode ini akan menjelaskan cara meningkatkan peran Cina dikawasan Pasifik serta respons Australia sebagai salah satu aktor tradisional di kawasan. Terkait pembahasan dalam jurnal ini yaitu Australia di Pasifik, Peran Cina juga respons Australia terhadap China di Kawasan Pasifik.
Kata Kunci: Australia, China, Kepulauan Pasifik
8
Weber, Eberhard. "Envisioning South-South relations in the fields of environmental change and migration in the Pacific Islands - past, present and futures." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0009-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change poses severe threats to developing countries. Scientists predict entire states (e.g. Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, and Maldives) will become inhabitable. People living in these states have to resettle to other countries. Media and politicians warn that climate change will trigger migration flows in dimensions unknown to date. It is feared that millions from developing countries overwhelm developed societies and increase pressures on anyway ailing social support systems destabilizing societies and becoming a potential source of conflict.Inhabitants of Pacific Islandsahave been mobile since the islands were first settled not longer than 3,500 years ago. Since then people moved around, expanded their reach, and traded with neighbouring tribes (and later countries). With the event of European powers in the 15thcentury independent mobility became restricted after the beginning of the 19thcentury. From the second half of the 19thcentury movements of people predominately served economic interests of colonial powers, in particular a huge colonial appetite for labour. After independence emigration from Pacific Island countries continued to serve economic interest of metropolitan countries at the rim of the Pacific Ocean, which are able to direct migration flows according to their economic requirements.If climate change resettlements become necessary in big numbers then Pacific Islanders do not want to become climate change refugees. To include environmental reasons in refugee conventions is not what Pacific Islanders want. They want to migrate in dignity, if it becomes unavoidable to leave their homes. There are good reasons to solve the challenges within Pacific Island societies and do not depend too much on metropolitan neighbours at the rim of the Pacific such as Australia, New Zealand and the USA. To rise to the challenge requires enhanced Pan-Pacific Island solidarity and South-South cooperation. This then would result in a reduction of dependencies. For metropolitan powers still much can be done in supporting capacity building in Pacific Island countries and helping the economies to proposer so that climate change migrants easier can be absorbed by expanding labour markets in Pacific Island countries.
9
Osamu, Yamaguti. "Australia and the Pacific Islands." American Ethnologist 27, no. 1 (February 2000): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.2000.27.1.188.
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10
D'Anastasi, Tanya, and Erica Frydenberg. "Ethnicity and Coping: What Young People Do and What Young People Learn." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn a number of studies, using the Adolescent Coping scale as a measure of coping, we are able to see clearly that young people from different communities cope in different ways. For example, in studies of Australian, Columbian, German, Irish and Palestinian young people it was found that coping varied in the different countries, but even within the same country, such as Australia, there are variations in coping across ethnic communities. These findings are confirmed by a recent smaller scale investigation that found that a group of students who were labelled ‘Australian minority group’ (comprising of Asian, African, Pacific Islanders and Middle Eastern students) used more spiritual support and resorted to social action more than did Anglo-Australian students. Of particular note is that the Australian minority group were found to significantly decrease their use of self-blame after participating in a school-based coping skills program, while Anglo-Australian students increased their use of physical recreation. These findings collectively demonstrate the impact of ethnic identity in both the act of coping and the acquisition of coping skills.
11
McGavin, Kirsten. "Being “Nesian”: Pacific Islander Identity in Australia." Contemporary Pacific 26, no. 1 (2014): 126–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2014.0013.
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12
Brown, Gillian K., Daniel J. Murphy, James Kidman, and Pauline Y. Ladiges. "Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal." Australian Systematic Botany 25, no. 6 (2012): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb12027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Acacia sensu stricto is found predominantly in Australia; however, there are 18 phyllodinous taxa that occur naturally outside Australia, north from New Guinea to Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, south-western Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), northern Pacific (Hawaii) and Indian Ocean (Mascarene Islands). Our aim was to determine the phylogenetic position of these species within Acacia, to infer their biogeographic history. To an existing molecular dataset of 109 taxa of Acacia, we added 51 new accessions sequenced for the ITS and ETS regions of nuclear rDNA, including samples from 15 extra-Australian taxa. Data were analysed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic positions of the extra-Australian taxa sampled revealed four geographic connections. Connection A, i.e. northern Australia?South-east Asia?south-western Pacific, is shown by an early diverging clade in section Plurinerves, which relates A. confusa from Taiwan and the Philippines (possibly Fiji) to A. simplex from Fiji and Samoa. That clade is related to A. simsii from southern New Guinea and northern Australia and other northern Australian species. Two related clades in section Juliflorae show a repeated connection (B), i.e. northern Australia?southern New Guinea?south-western Pacific. One of these is the ?A. auriculiformis clade', which includes A. spirorbis subsp. spirorbis from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands as sister to the Queensland species A. auriculiformis; related taxa include A. mangium, A. leptocarpa and A. spirorbis subsp. solandri. The ?A. aulacocarpa clade' includes A. aulacocarpa, A. peregrinalis endemic to New Guinea, A. crassicarpa from New Guinea and Australia, and other Australian species. Acacia spirorbis (syn. A. solandri subsp. kajewskii) from Vanuatu (Melanesia) is related to these two clades but its exact position is equivocal. The third biogeographic connection (C) is Australia?Timor?Flores, represented independently by the widespread taxon A. oraria (section Plurinerves) found on Flores and Timor and in north-eastern Queensland, and the Wetar island endemic A. wetarensis (Juliflorae). The fourth biogeographic connection (D), i.e. Hawaii?Mascarene?eastern Australia, reveals an extreme disjunct distribution, consisting of the Hawaiian koa (A. koa, A. koaia and A. kaoaiensis), sister to the Mascarene (R�union Island) species A. heterophylla; this clade is sister to the eastern Australian A. melanoxylon and A. implexa (all section Plurinerves), and sequence divergence between taxa is very low. Historical range expansion of acacias is inferred to have occurred several times from an Australian?southern New Guinean source. Dispersal would have been possible as the Australian land mass approached South-east Asia, and during times when sea levels were low, from the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The close genetic relationship of species separated by vast distances, from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, is best explained by dispersal by Austronesians, early Homo sapiens migrants from Asia.
13
Hilliard, David. "The Making of an Anglican Martyr: Bishop John Coleridge Patteson of Melanesia." Studies in Church History 30 (1993): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the beginning of Anglican missionary activity in the southwest Pacific in the mid-nineteenth century, fifteen European missionaries and at least seven Pacific Islanders have died violently in the course of their work. In that same region, comprising island Melanesia and New Guinea, Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, Methodists, and the London Missionary Society [L.M.S.] have each had their honour roll of martyrs. Three of these have achieved a measure of fame outside the Pacific and their own denomination: John Williams of the L.M.S., killed at Erromanga in Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides) in 1839; James Chalmers, also of the L.M.S., killed in New Guinea in 1901; and John Coleridge Patteson, Missionary Bishop of Melanesia and head of the Melanesian Mission, killed in 1871. Patteson has been the subject of more than fifteen biographies (several of them in German and Dutch), in addition to essays in collections on English missionary heroes, scholarly articles, and pamphlets for popular consumption. In Anglican churches in England, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and elsewhere he is commemorated as missionary hero in memorial tablets and stained-glass windows.
14
Kelsey, Jane. "Free Trade Agreements - Boon or Bane?": Through the Lens of PACER." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v37i3.5575.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines three dimensions of the Pacific islands’ relationship with Australia and New Zealand under the Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER): first the context, where Pacific governments appear increasingly nervous about free trade negotiations, but believe they have few alternatives; second, how the complex and opaque legal framework of PACER and onerous requirements for WTO compatibility set the terms for future trade negotiations with Australia and New Zealand; and third, the inter-relationship between PACER and the Pacific Plan. It concludes that free trade negotiations risk determining the development options for the Pacific islands and leave no room for Pacific governments or people to explore genuine development alternatives.
15
Baker, Philip. "Historical Developments in Chinese Pidgin English and the Nature of the Relationships Between the Various Pidgin Englishes of the Pacific Region." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 163–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.2.04bak.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of pronouns, copulas, and other key features of Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) is traced from 1743 onwards. Major grammatical and lexical changes in the early 19th century are found to coincide with the period when foreigners were increasingly allowed to reside in Canton instead of merely being tolerated as transient visitors. The resulting continuity of interaction between Chinese and non-Chinese is seen as the catalyst for these developments in CPE. First attestations of 34 key features in CPE are compared with their earliest occurrence (if any) in more than a dozen Pacific varieties of Pidgin English (PPE). It is shown that none of the latter can possibly be a "direct descendant" of CPE. While four features exclusively shared by CPE and PPE indicate a modest degree of CPE influence on PPE, it is suggested that three key features of PPE, found only sporadically and/or tardily in CPE, provide evidence of some hitherto unsuspected influence of PPE on CPE. In the course of the above it is noted that most of the CPE features which also occur in three or more varieties of PPE have their earliest PPE attestation in New South Wales, the only Pacific territory in which there was continuity of interaction (in this case between Aborigines and whites) from the outset, and it is claimed that this social circumstance favors both the expansion and stabilization of a pidgin. Data from early Australian Pidgin English are presented showing that it includes the earliest known attestations of a number of features generally associated with PPE of the islands of the Southwest Pacific. This leads to the claim that New South Wales Pidgin English was a far more important influence on the PPE of those islands than what has often been termed "South Sea Jargon." After reviewing the linguistic implications of the labor trade which took many Pacific islanders to work on plantations in Queensland, Samoa, and elsewhere, it is claimed that the interrelationships between the many varieties of Pidgin English spoken, currently or formerly, in the vast area from China to Hawaii to the Marquesas to Australia and back to China cannot adequately be represented by means of "family tree" type diagrams.
16
Przygoda, Miroslaw. "The Role and Importance of Australia in the South Pacific Region." International Journal of Operations Management 1, no. 3 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.13.4005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australia is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent and the island of Tasmania. The country also includes numerous smaller islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It also has the world’s 12th-largest economy and fifth-highest per capita income. On 1 January 1901, a federation of six separate British self-governing states was formed after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. This established the Commonwealth of Australia as a dominion of the British Empire. In 1931 the status of the dominions was made equal to that of Great Britain, which is considered the symbolic date of Australia gaining full independence. Before World War II and in the course of it, the Commonwealth of Australia was closely tied to the government in London. However, the fall of the British Empire in the Asia Pacific made Australian authorities rethink their existence in the new reality. In the late 80s, Australia’s formal ties with London were further loosened, as planned. Since that time the role and significance of the continent has been growing. A vibrant economy and favourable location drive the country’s growing importance, which the government in Canberra strongly focuses on. Economic success and effective policies have made Australia become one of the crucial elements of sustainable balance in the South Pacific region. However, the country’s political and economic influence goes far beyond its borders. Australia’s importance to and influence on neighbouring countries is clearly visible across East and Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean basin, and the Antarctic. Therefore it is worth to take a closer look at the drivers of the huge success of this unique country and its inhabitants.
17
Marullo, Rita. "Gall thrips of the Austro-Pacific genus Euoplothrips Hood (Thysanoptera), with a new species from Australia." Insect Systematics & Evolution 32, no. 1 (2001): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631201x00038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe members of Euoplothrips are probably all kleptoparasites on various gall-inducing thrips. A new species of the genus, E. platypodae, is described from Gynaikothrips leaf galls on Ficus platypoda in Western Australia. Three different species from Tonga, Samoa and the Solomon Islands are each known from leaf galls on Ficus. In contrast, the eastern Australian species E. bagnalli is recorded from the leaf galls of other thrips on Smilax australis and Alyxia spicata. E. armatus Moulton from Papua New Guinea is included as a further synonym of E. bagnalli. A key is provided to distinguish these five species. E. malabarica is also included although it is known only from the original description and is probably not congeneric.
18
Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-95-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale and smaller with regular updating. The results of the questionnaires also demonstrate the extent of map coverage in six Pacific Islands, but there is little information available on the actual percent coverage. Overall there are estimated to be an increases in the percentages of coverage of most map scales in Oceania. However, there appear to be insufficient professionals in most Pacific Island countries to maintain the mapping programs. Given that many Pacific Island countries will be impacted by rising sea level in the future, better mapping of these countries is essential. The availability of modern technology especially satellite images, digital aerial photography and airborne lidar data should enable the Pacific Island countries to provide better map products in future, but this would depend on foreign aid on many occasions.
19
Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-95-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale and smaller with regular updating. The results of the questionnaires also demonstrate the extent of map coverage in six Pacific Islands, but there is little information available on the actual percent coverage. Overall there are estimated to be an increases in the percentages of coverage of most map scales in Oceania. However, there appear to be insufficient professionals in most Pacific Island countries to maintain the mapping programs. Given that many Pacific Island countries will be impacted by rising sea level in the future, better mapping of these countries is essential. The availability of modern technology especially satellite images, digital aerial photography and airborne lidar data should enable the Pacific Island countries to provide better map products in future, but this would depend on foreign aid on many occasions.
20
Sharma, Prashant P., and Gonzalo Giribet. "Out of the Neotropics: Late Cretaceous colonization of Australasia by American arthropods." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1742 (May 23, 2012): 3501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The origins of tropical southwest Pacific diversity are traditionally attributed to southeast Asia or Australia. Oceanic and fragment islands are typically colonized by lineages from adjacent continental margins, resulting in attrition of diversity with distance from the mainland. Here, we show that an exceptional tropical family of harvestmen with a trans-Pacific disjunct distribution has its origin in the Neotropics. We found in a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis that the opilionid family Zalmoxidae, which is distributed in tropical forests on both sides of the Pacific, is a monophyletic entity with basal lineages endemic to Amazonia and Mesoamerica. Indo-Pacific Zalmoxidae constitute a nested clade, indicating a single colonization event. Lineages endemic to putative source regions, including Australia and New Guinea, constitute derived groups. Divergence time estimates and probabilistic ancestral area reconstructions support a Neotropical origin of the group, and a Late Cretaceous ( ca 82 Ma) colonization of Australasia out of the Fiji Islands and/or Borneo, which are consistent with a transoceanic dispersal event. Our results suggest that the endemic diversity within traditionally defined zoogeographic boundaries might have more complex evolutionary origins than previously envisioned.
21
Bedford, Richard, Charlotte Bedford, Janet Wall, and Margaret Young. "Managed Temporary Labour Migration of Pacific Islanders to Australia and New Zealand in the Early Twenty-first Century." Australian Geographer 48, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2016.1266629.
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22
Ramadhani, Suci Nur, and Mohammad Noer. "CHINA’S INFLUENCE ON AUSTRALIA'S POSITION IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC IN THE SECURITY SECTOR AND DEVELOPING SECTOR." Journal of Social Political Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v3i1.98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the economic growth, the government system, and security in the Solomon Islands have started to improve. China is here to increase its influence in the Region. China's presence in the Solomon Islands puts Australia's position at risk. The research entitled "China's Influence on Australia's Position in the South Pacific Region in the Security and Development Sector. (Case Study: the Solomon Islands 2013-2017)”, has a problem formulation because the influence exerted by China on the Solomon Islands can pose a threat to Australia. This study aimed to determine the influence exerted by China on the Solomon Islands, thus posing a threat to Australia's position in the region, especially in the security and security sector. This research uses the library research method or literature study. Researchers use library research as their research by collecting library data, reading, taking notes, and reprocessing research materials. The theory used to answer the problem is the theory of foreign policy and international security. Based on the results of the analysis, the author can find out that the presence of China in the Solomon Islands has had a major influence on Australia in the region. If China succeeds in exerting influence in the Solomon Islands, it will pose a huge threat to Australia's position on a security.
23
Aldrich, Robert. "The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands." Itinerario 24, no. 3-4 (November 2000): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300014558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.
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Gallegos, Danielle, Hong Do, Quyen Gia To, Brenda Vo, Janny Goris, and Hana Alraman. "Eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 11 (March 25, 2020): 1991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900418x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjective:To examine differences in eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia, and differences in those behaviours due to the duration of residency in Australia.Design:Cross-sectional study using baseline data collected for the Living Well Multicultural–Lifestyle Modification Program between October 2014 and June 2017.Setting:Culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), including Afghani, Somali, Burmese, Pacific and South Sea Islander, Sri Lankan, Sudanese and Vietnamese, living in Queensland, Australia.Participants:People were recruited if they were ≥18 years old and living in the targeted CALD communities.Results:Burmese/Vietnamese, on average, had better eating scores in line with Australian dietary guidelines, compared with Afghani/Arabic-speaking (difference = 2·05 points, 95 % CI 1·39, 2·72), Somali/Sudanese (difference = 1·53 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·28) and Pacific Islander (difference = 1·46 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·13). Association between ethnicity and meeting the physical activity guideline was not significant. Those who stayed in Australia longer than a year were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline than those staying <1 year (OR = 0·51, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·84). There was no significant association between duration of residency in Australia and eating scores.Conclusions:Eating behaviours were significantly different among the ethnic groups in Queensland with Burmese/Vietnamese and Sri Lankan/Bhutanese having the healthiest diets. All ethnic groups were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with the general Australian population. People with duration of residency of at least 1 year in Australia were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with those who had shorter stays.
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Bruce, NL, and LRG Cannon. "Ascaridoid nematodes from sharks from Australia and the Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean." Invertebrate Systematics 4, no. 4 (1990): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9900763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genera and species of ascaridoid nematodes are recorded from Australian and Solomon Island sharks. The genera represented are Acanthocheilus (Acanthocheilidae), Terranova and Pulchrascaris (Ascarididae). Remarks are given on Acanthocheilus australis. The genus Terranova is rediagnosed and descriptions are given for Terranova galeocerdonis, T. pristis and T. scoliodontis, with descriptive notes for T. ginglymostomae. Description is given for P. chiloscylii and notes for Pulchrascaris sp. Keys are provided for the Australian genera of Ascaridoidea from fish hosts and to the species of Terranova recovered from sharks.
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Baehr, Barbara, Mark Harvey, H. M. Smith, and R. Ott. "The goblin spider genus Opopaea in Australia and the Pacific islands (Araneae: Oonopidae)." Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58 (May 31, 2013): 107–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.17082/j.2204-1478.58.2013.2013-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The widespread and highly diverse goblin spider genus Opopaea Simon is a pantropical genus with biodiversity hotspots in Africa, Asia and Australia. We revise the Australian and Pacific species of the genus, provide redescriptions of the Australian species O. banksi (Hickman) and the Micronesian species O. foveolata Roewer, and new records of the pantropical O. deserticola Simon and O. concolor (Blackwall), as well as O. apicalis (Simon) which is newly transferred from Epectris, after the new synonymy of Epectris with Opopaea. The following species are provisionally transferred from Epectris to Opopaea, pending investigations into their generic affinities: O. conujaingensis (Xu), new combination from China; and O. mollis (Simon), new combination from Sri Lanka. Most Pacific Islands are inhabited by the four above-mentioned species but the following 15 newly described species are most likely native to the islands: from Fiji (O. fiji), Hawaii (O. hawaii), Palau (O. palau), New Caledonia (O. amieu, O. bicolor, O. burwelli, O. calcaris, O. goloboffi, O. monteithi, O. ndoua, O. platnicki, O. raveni, O. striata, O. touho, O. tuberculata). We treat the Australian Opopaea fauna and recognise 84 species including 71 new and 13 previously described species. The new Australian species include 21 species from New South Wales (O. acuminata, O. addsae, O. bushblitz, O. gerstmeieri, O. lebretoni, O. linea (also occurs in Queensland), O. magna, O. margaretehoffmannae, O. martini, O. michaeli, O. milledgei, O. nitens, O. ottoi, O. plana, O. simplex, O. sturt, O. suelewisae, O. sylvestrella, O. tenuis, O. ursulae, O. yorki); six from Northern Territory (O. ephemera, O. fishriver, O. gilliesi, O. johardingae, O. preecei, O. wongalara); 13 from Queensland (O. ameyi, O. brisbanensis, O. broadwater, O. carnarvon, O. carteri, O. chrisconwayi, O. douglasi, O. lambkinae, O. leichhardti, O. mcleani, O. proserpine, O. stanisici, O. ulrichi); three from South Australia (O. millbrook, O. mundy, O. stevensi); and 28 from Western Australia (O. aculeata, O. aurantiaca, O. billroth, O. callani, O. cowra, O. durranti, O. exoculata, O. flava, O. fragilis, O. framenaui, O. gracilis, O. gracillima, O. harmsi, O. johannae, O. julianneae, O. marangaroo, O. millstream, O. nadineae, O. pallida, O. pannawonica, O. pilbara, O. rixi, O. robusta, O. rugosa, O. subtilis, O. triangularis, O. wheelarra, O. whim). New records are provided for O. sown Baehr. Seven area-based keys to species are provided.
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Muona, J. "The eucnemidae of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific — a biogeographical study." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 1 (1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Eighty-nine eucnemid genera occur in the region from South-east Asia to the south-west Pacific. The phylogenies of 84 of these were used together with the present-day distributions of the species to analyse the biogeographical history of the area. Fifty-seven genera shared a pattern coinciding with the traditional model of Laurasia–Gondwana break-up. Six genera showed a pattern contradicting the model. The remaining 21 genera neither supported nor refuted the model. Twenty-five genera were observed to include an Indomalesian clade younger than the South America–Australia connection. This biogeographical unit consisted of present-day South-east Asia and the Sunda islands, but did not include the Philippine Islands and Sulawesi. In addition to this Indomalesian clade, three separate clades involving northern Australia or New Guinea were observed, New Guinea–Australia, New Guinea–Philippines–Sulawesi and New Guinea–Fiji. The possible presence of four separate areas in the general region of New Guinea–north Australia as the result of the Cretaceous geological events is suggested. Three of these, in the area of present-day New Guinea, originally sharing sister-groups with the north-eastern Australian isolate, are regarded as the sources of the New Guinea–Indomalesia, New Guinea–Philippines and New Guinea–Fiji faunas after northward drifting of the Australian continent. During the Oligocene–Miocene these source areas were flooded and their original fauna lost. When the present-day New Guinea emerged, it was invaded from the north-eastern Australian region. This invasion created new New Guinea–Australia connections and brought in the sister-groups of the old New Guinea source areas as well. The eucnemids of Vanuatu, Samoa and Tonga are regarded as having originated in connection with dispersal from Fiji. The New Zealand fauna has strong, old connections with that of south-eastern Australia, but other complex connections are indicated. The Eocene Baltic Amber fauna agrees well with the results obtained from extant species. The species belonging to five fossil genera belong to Gondwanan groups that seem to have invaded the Holarctic via Central America. Four other fossil genera showing discordant patterns belong to the group of six genera exhibiting these aberrant patterns even today. The eucnemid fauna of the region is of Gondwanic origin. Only six Laurasian genera have invaded the area, all of them apparently quite recently.
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Williams, Emily, and Neil Harris. "Understanding the nutrition information needs of migrant communities: the needs of African and Pacific Islander communities of Logan, Queensland." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 6 (October 29, 2010): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010002740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the nutrition information needs of the Pacific Islander and African migrant communities of Logan.DesignThe present study was structured as a needs assessment and used qualitative research methods. An integrative review was used to gather and analyse data relating to comparative and normative needs, while semi-structured interviews were undertaken for the felt and expressed needs.SettingLogan City, Queensland, Australia.SubjectsAfrican and Pacific Islander migrants and health and social service providers within the Logan region.ResultsThe study identified the need for more accessible means of information delivery such as visual and face-to-face methods or hands-on demonstrations. The study found that information should be delivered in a staged approach on topics including food safety, Australian foods, healthy eating and diet–disease relationships, according to a migrant’s length of residence in Australia.ConclusionsThe present study contributes to our understanding of the nutrition information needs of African and Pacific Islander migrant communities of Logan. These findings will enable the development of more appropriate nutrition information and health services for these Logan communities and other similar communities across Australia.
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McGree, Simon, Sergei Schreider, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Trends and Variability in Droughts in the Pacific Islands and Northeast Australia." Journal of Climate 29, no. 23 (November 10, 2016): 8377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0332.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Drought is a recurrent climate feature of the Pacific Islands and northeast Australia with meteorological and socioeconomic impacts documented from early European settlement. In this study, precipitation records for 21 countries and territories in the Pacific for the period 1951 to 2010 have been examined to identify trends in drought occurrence, duration, and magnitude. The strength of the relationships between the main climate drivers in the Pacific—El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)—and precipitation has been also examined. Station-scale drought trends are largely positive, but the majority are statistically nonsignificant with the significant trends mainly in the subtropics. Spatially, trend patterns are largely heterogeneous. A significant relationship between the oceanic component of ENSO and precipitation is confirmed for a large part of the Pacific Islands and eastern Australia with a strong lagged relationship in the year after the El Niño onset at locations southwest of the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) and north of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Similarly, a strong relationship was found with the IPO and PDO at most locations. Drought was found to be longer and more severe southwest of the SPCZ and north of the ITCZ during the positive phases of the IPO and PDO.
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Greenslade, Penelope, and L. Deharveng. "Revision of Friesea Species (Collembola: Neanuridae) of Australia and Offshore Islands, with Biogeographical Notes and Key to Species." Invertebrate Systematics 11, no. 2 (1997): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it95033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seven species of Friesea are recorded here from Australia and its offshore islands and a key and checklist is provided to them. Three of the species, F. neptunia, F. australica and F. florifera, are new and are described here, and one, F. bispinosa Deharveng, from Heard and Macquarie Islands, is a new record for Australia. Earlier records of F. mirabilis Tullberg and F. claviseta Axelson are examined and the seventh species, F. tilbrooki Wise, already recorded from Macquarie Island and Heard Island, is probably a synonym of F. multispinosa Denis from Kerguelen. Records of Friesea sp. cf. claviseta from Pacific islands are also listed. The fauna is divided into biogeographical groups based on morphology as determined by an existing phylogenetic analysis of the genus.
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van Ee, Benjamin W., Paul I. Forster, and Paul E. Berry. "Phylogenetic relationships and a new sectional classification of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 28, no. 4 (2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A molecular phylogeny, morphological descriptions, species lists and a key to the sections of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) recognised for Australia are presented. The molecular phylogenetic results supported the recognition of six sections, to account for the 29 native Australian species. The monophyly of each of these sections was highly supported in the Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–F DNA sequences, whereas their relationships to each other and to other groups were less well resolved. Croton may represent one, two or three separate arrivals to Australia, with support for hypotheses of subsequent dispersals from Australia to Pacific islands and to Asia. Croton sections Argyrati, Arnhemici, Caudati, Dockrilliorum and Insulares are newly described. Croton section Gymnocroton Baill., previously placed in synonymy, is again recognised. Croton armstrongii S.Moore is excluded from the Australian flora.
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Moller, Andersen N. "Cladistic biogeography of marine water striders (Insecta, Hemiptera) in the Indo-Pacific." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 1 (1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
More than 120 species of marine water striders (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha), representing three families and eight genera, are distributed throughout the lndo-Pacific region. They live in marine habitats such as mangroves, intertidal coral reef flats and the sea surface near coral and rocky coasts. Five species of sea skaters, Halobates (Gerridae), have colonised the surface of the open ocean. Adult marine water striders are wingless but may disperse along coasts, chains of islands and possibly across wider stretches of open sea. Although some species of coral bugs, Halovelia (Veliidae) and Halobates are widespread, most species of marine water striders have rather restricted distributions. Cladistic hypotheses are now available for the genera Halovelia, Xenobates (Veliidae) and Halobates. Based upon distributional data for about 110 species, a number of areas of endemism can be delimited within the Indo-Pacific region. The results of component analyses of taxon-area cladograms for several monophyletic species-groups of marine water striders are presented. The faunas of northern New Guinea, the Bismarck and Solomon Islands (Papuasia) are closely related and show much greater affinity with Maluku, Sulawesi and the Philippines than with the fauna of northern Australia. Relationships between the faunas of Papuasia + Sulawesi + the Philippines and those of Borneo + Jawa + Malaya are relatively weak. Marine water striders endemic to islands of the western Pacific show relationships among themselves and with Australia. Most marine water striders from the Indian Ocean (East Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Maldives) can be derived from the Indian-South-east Asian fauna. Composite faunas of marine water striders (either of different age or origin) are found in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji Islands, the Philippines, tropical Australia and East Africa. The biogeography of marine water striders does not support the traditional division of the Indo- Pacific into the Ethiopian, Oriental and Australian regions. The distributional patterns are more compatible with a set of hierarchical relationships between more restricted areas of endemism.
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Balme, Christopher, and Astrid Carstensen. "Home Fires: Creating a Pacific Theatre in the Diaspora." Theatre Research International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theatre created by Pacific Islanders is perhaps the most recent significant development in New Zealand theatre of the 1990s. Exploring this new phenomenon within a concept of diaspora, productions, producers and themes are linked to notions of displacement, home, and disruption on several levels. Three recent plays and productions are examined: Think of a Garden by the Samoan-American John Kneubuhl, which explores memory as the basis of diasporic identity; Home Fires, a collaborative production between Pacific Island and Ma°ori artists in which a new kind of syncretic theatrical style transcending specific cultural codes was developed; and Tatau – Rites of Passage, a performance created by the Christchurch-based group Pacific Underground and the Australian community theatre group Zeal Theatre which explores the notion of ritual reincorporation – involving actual tattooing on stage – as a means of transcending diaspora and repairing the ruptures caused by it.
34
Mason, Sir Anthony. "Reflections of an Itinerant Judge in the Asia-Pacific Region." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since my retirement from the High Court of Australia in April 1995, I have pursued various activities. As Chairman of the National Library 1995-1998, National Fellow at the Australian National University and Chancellor of the University of New South Wales, I have been concerned with some current issues concerning libraries, including funding and copyright reform. My main purpose on this occasion is to speak about my experiences as a judicial rover in Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Hong Kong, jurisdictions in which I have been sitting as a Judge and as a lecturer at the Chinese National Judges College in Beijing.
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BURLEY, DAVID. ":The Archaeology of Oceania: Australia and the Pacific Islands." American Anthropologist 109, no. 3 (September 2007): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.3.566.
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McQueen, Humphrey. "Volume 7: Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands." Fashion Theory 16, sup1 (March 2012): S51—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175174112x13203182460524.
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GON, OFER, and GERALD R. ALLEN. "Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae)." Zootaxa 3294, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3294.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indo-Pacific apogonid genus Siphamia Weber 1909 is unique among cardinalfishes in having a bacterial biolumines-cent system and spinoid scales. Light is produced by luminous bacteria found in a small pocket connected to the gut in theabdominal cavity and in a sac on each side of the tip of the tongue. Siphamia consists of 23 small species many of whichare associated with invertebrates such as sea urchins, crown-of-thorns starfish and coral. Species of this genus fall intotwo main groups with different dark pigment pattern of the longitudinal translucent muscle acting as a light organ thatdiffuses light along the ventral edge of the body. The S. tubifer group, with a striated light organ, includes S. arabica, newspecies, from the Gulf of Oman; S. argentea from the Philippines and northern Western Australia; S. fraseri, new species,from New Caledonia, Tonga and Fiji; S. fuscolineata from the Marshall and Line islands; S. goreni, new species, from thesouthern Red Sea; S. guttulata from Darnley Island, Queensland; S. jebbi from the western Pacific, ranging from the Phil-ippines to Western Australia and east to the Caroline Islands, Fiji, and Tonga; S. majimai from the Ryukyu and Ogasawaraislands to northwestern Australia, ranging eastward to New Caledonia and Tonga; S. mossambica from the western IndianOcean; S. randalli, new species, from the Society and Cook islands; S. spinicola, new species, from Biak in eastern Indo-nesia, Papua New Guinea, Woleai Atoll, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Islands; S. stenotes, new species,from the Triton Bay area of Irian Jaya Barat Province of Indonesia; and S. tubifer ranging widely in the Indo-West Pacificfrom the Red Sea to Madagascar and east to Vanuatu. The S. tubulata group, with a dark-dotted light organ, includes S.brevilux, new species, from Papua New Guinea; S. cephalotes from southern Australia; S. corallicola from Indonesia, Sa-bah, and Timor Sea; S. cuneiceps from Western Australia and the east coast of Queensland; S. cyanophthalma, new species,from the Philippines, Palau, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea; S. elongata from the Philippines and Brunei; S. fistulosafrom Java, Sumbawa and Komodo, Indonesia, and Brunei; S. roseigaster from Western Australia, ranging along the north-ern and eastern coast of Australia south to Sydney Harbour, New South Wales; S. senoui, new species, from the RyukyuIslands, Japan; and S. tubulata from the Papua Barat Province, Indonesia, south coast of Papua New Guinea, northern Western Australia and Queensland.
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Wilson, Janet. "Offshore Detention in Australia: Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison (2018)." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 30/3 (September 1, 2021): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.30.3.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the “Pacific Solution,” the Australian national policy of controlling illegal migration by detaining refugees in Immigrant Detention Centres in offshore Pacific islands of Manus and Nauru, and the human rights issues it raises. It refers to Behrouz Boochani’s prize-winning refugee memoir, No Friend but the Moun- tains: Writing from Manus Prison (2018) as both a prison narrative of resilience and a politically resistant text, and it discusses Boochani’s representation of Manus Detention camp as “The Kyriarchal System” in terms of Foucault’s “monstrous heterotopia.” The ar- ticle emphasises the issues of accountability and responsibility in the bilateral governance arrangements of the Manus Detention Centre between Australia and Papua New Guinea, and considers the possibility of more humane detention practices in the future.
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Cruickshank, Joanna. "Race, History, and the Australian Faith Missions." Itinerario 34, no. 3 (December 2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1901, the parliament of the new Commonwealth of Australia passed a series of laws designed, in the words of the Prime Minister Edmund Barton, “to make a legislative declaration of our racial identity”. An Act to expel the large Pacific Islander community in North Queensland was followed by a law restricting further immigration to applicants who could pass a literacy test in a European language. In 1902, under the Commonwealth Franchise Act, “all natives of Asia and Africa” as well as Aboriginal people were explicitly denied the right to vote in federal elections. The “White Australia policy”, enshrined in these laws, was almost universally supported by Australian politicians, with only two members of parliament speaking against the restriction of immigration on racial grounds.
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Wallis, Joanne, and Anna Powles. "Burden-sharing: the US, Australia and New Zealand alliances in the Pacific islands." International Affairs 97, no. 4 (July 2021): 1045–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract One of President Joseph Biden's foreign policy priorities is to ‘renew’ and ‘strengthen’ the United States' alliances, as they were perceived to have been ‘undermined’ during the Trump administration, which regularly expressed concern that allies were free-riding on the United States' military capability. Yet the broad range of threats states face in the contemporary context suggests that security assistance from allies no longer only—or even primarily—comes in the form of military capability. We consider whether there is a need to rethink understandings of how alliance relationships are managed, particularly how the goals—or strategic burdens—of alliances are understood, how allies contribute to those burdens, and how influence is exercised within alliances. We do this by analysing how the United States–Australia and Australia–New Zealand alliances operate in the Pacific islands. Our focus on the Pacific islands reflects the United States' perception that the region plays a ‘critical’ role in helping to ‘preserve a free and open Indo-Pacific region’. We conclude that these understandings need to be rethought, particularly in the Pacific islands, where meeting non-traditional security challenges such as economic, social and environmental issues, is important to advancing the United States, Australia and New Zealand's shared strategic goal of remaining the region's primary security partners and ensuring that no power hostile to their interests establishes a strategic foothold.
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Quanchi, Max. "‘Record of my journeyings in the Coral Sea’: Randolph Bedford’s 1906 album of the Solomon Islands." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00014_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Albums and scrapbooks are rarely the focus of research. This article examines the motivation and context for a unique and rare album compiled by a ‘special correspondent’ – George Randolph Bedford, an aspiring Federal politician, journalist and writer – who visited the Solomon Islands in 1906 on a personal fact-finding mission. His scrapbook contains 212 photographs and a series of articles on the Solomon Islands that he had published in illustrated weekend newspapers in Australia in 1906 and early 1907. The Australian colonies had just federated, Britain had just passed control of Papua to Australia and, in the New Hebrides, Britain and France were about to announce a condominium had been formed. Tonga, Niue and the Cook Islands were also the subject of imperial manoeuvring. In Queensland, Kanakas were being sent home as the labour trade was abolished. The scrapbook is therefore a window on to imperial diplomacy, colonial expansion and Australian visions of a relationship with the Pacific, the boom in illustrated newspapers, early photography and personal ambition to become an expert on the islands.
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McKenzie, Eric H. C., and Eric H. C. McKenzie. "Fungi anamorphici in Australasia." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 3 (2001): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb99032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fungi are everywhere but mycologists are not and the fungi anamorphici, which includes hyphomycetes and coelomycetes, is an under-studied group in Australasia. It is the second largest group of fungi and its members play an important role in nutrient cycling. Plant pathogenic species are the best-documented and fungi anamorphici feature prominently in lists of plant diseases for Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. The few resident mycologists specialising in taxonomy and systematics of fungi anamorphici have made major advances in the study of plant pathogens (e.g. Bipolaris, Fusarium) and those of industrial importance (e.g. Penicillium). Visiting mycologists who have made significant collections of Australasian fungi anamorphici include B. C. Sutton in Australia, S. J. Hughes in New Zealand and T. Matsushima in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. A census of fungi anamorphici is being prepared forFungi of Australia and a database of all species recorded from New Zealand is being compiled. Australasian studies of fungi anamorphici in freshwater and marine environments and those associated with arthropods are discussed. Rainforests and numerous other habitats in Australasia remain a vast storehouse of unknown fungi anamorphici—thousands of species yet to be collected, classified and described.
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Squire, Peter, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Anja M. Scheffers, Luke D. Nothdurft, Quan Hua, Lindsay B. Collins, Sander R. Scheffers, and Jian-xin Zhao. "A Marine Reservoir Correction for the Houtman-Abrolhos Archipelago, East Indian Ocean, Western Australia." Radiocarbon 55, no. 1 (2013): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i1.16197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-precision analysis using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was performed upon known-age Holocene and modern, pre-bomb coral samples to generate a marine reservoir age correction value (ΔR) for the Houtman-Abrolhos Archipelago (28.7°S, 113.8°E) off the Western Australian coast. The mean ΔR value calculated for the Abrolhos Islands, 54 ± 30 yr (1 σ) agrees well with regional ΔR values for Leeuwin Current source waters (N-NW Australia-Java) of 60 ± 38 yr. The Abrolhos Islands show little variation with ΔR values of the northwestern and north Australian coast, underlining the dominance of the more equilibrated western Pacific-derived waters of the Leeuwin Current over local upwelling. The Abrolhos Islands ΔR values have remained stable over the last 2896 cal yr BP, being also attributed to the Leeuwin Current and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal during this period. Expected future trends will be a strengthening of the teleconnection of the Abrolhos Islands to the climatic patterns of the equatorial Pacific via enhanced ENSO and global warming activity strengthening the Leeuwin Current. The possible effect upon the trend of future ΔR values may be to maintain similar values and an increase in stability. However, warming trends of global climate change may cause increasing dissimilarity of ΔR values due to the effects of increasing heat stress upon lower-latitude coral communities.
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Squire, Peter, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Anja M. Scheffers, Luke D. Nothdurft, Quan Hua, Lindsay B. Collins, Sander R. Scheffers, and Jian-xin Zhao. "A Marine Reservoir Correction for the Houtman-Abrolhos Archipelago, East Indian Ocean, Western Australia." Radiocarbon 55, no. 01 (2013): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-precision analysis using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was performed upon known-age Holocene and modern, pre-bomb coral samples to generate a marine reservoir age correction value (ΔR) for the Houtman-Abrolhos Archipelago (28.7°S, 113.8°E) off the Western Australian coast. The mean ΔR value calculated for the Abrolhos Islands, 54 ± 30 yr (1 σ) agrees well with regional ΔR values for Leeuwin Current source waters (N-NW Australia-Java) of 60 ± 38 yr. The Abrolhos Islands show little variation with ΔR values of the northwestern and north Australian coast, underlining the dominance of the more equilibrated western Pacific-derived waters of the Leeuwin Current over local upwelling. The Abrolhos Islands ΔR values have remained stable over the last 2896 cal yr BP, being also attributed to the Leeuwin Current and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal during this period. Expected future trends will be a strengthening of the teleconnection of the Abrolhos Islands to the climatic patterns of the equatorial Pacific via enhanced ENSO and global warming activity strengthening the Leeuwin Current. The possible effect upon the trend of future ΔR values may be to maintain similar values and an increase in stability. However, warming trends of global climate change may cause increasing dissimilarity of ΔR values due to the effects of increasing heat stress upon lower-latitude coral communities.
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Morgan, Wesley. "Coal comfort: Pacific islands on collision course with Australia over emissions." Pacific Journalism Review 23, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Commentary: During 2017, Fiji is president of negotiations under the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is the first time the talks have been headed by a small island developing country, and Fiji’s Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama plans to use the 23rd Conference of Parties to highlight the impacts of climate change on island states. Even as Pacific island leaders demand greater action to reduce emissions, the Australian government is supporting new coal mines at home and a dramatic increase in coal exports. This commentary focuses on Pacific leadership in the global fight to avoid catastrophic changes to the climate system. It suggests determined diplomacy by island states may help shift international opinion in favour of urgent action to reduce emissions. However, Pacific states must first shine a spotlight on their recalcitrant neighbour, and avoid being silenced by Australian ‘climate diplomacy’.
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Bednarik, Robert G. "On the Pleistocene settlement of South America." Antiquity 63, no. 238 (March 1989): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0007561x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australia and the Americas provide the two case-studies of the late human settlement of a continent by, it seems, Homo sapiens sapiens. At one time the corollaries of first occupation of the Americas, at perhaps 12,000 b.p., were a similarly late settlement of Australia and the need for a land-bridge across the Bering Straits. But now the pattern of occupation in New Guinea and its offshore islands proves that a long sea-crossing was made there before about 40,000 b.p. Here an Australian researcher looks across the Pacific to the evidence that has been offered for a Pleistocene occupation in south America, of a date comparable with that in Sahul.
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Weir, Tony, Ravind Kumar, and Arona Ngari. "Interdecadal modulation of the effect of ENSO on rainfall in the southwestern Pacific." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 71, no. 1 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant driver of interannual variability on rainfall in many Pacific Islands and in countries bordering the tropical Pacific Ocean. From 1916 through to 1975, the correlation coefficient between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and interannual variability in rainfall in eastern Australia was strong in negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) but weak in positive phases. By examining records of rainfall over the past hundred years in central Vanuatu and on the ‘dry side’ of Fiji, which both lie near the southern edge of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), we find that such modulation by IPO has been much weaker there than in eastern Australia. This paper examines possible reasons for this difference. We also find that the correlation between rainfall and the SOI remained strong throughout each of the past three phases of the IPO, in all these places, including eastern Australia. However, at Rarotonga in the southern Cook Islands, whose position is also near the southern edge of the SPCZ, but at the southeastern end, the displacement of the SPCZ by ENSO events is greater there than further west. Consequently, the correlation between rainfall and SOI is so strong at Rarotonga in El Niño years with SOI<−5 that SOI alone becomes a good predictor of wet-season rainfall there. The difference in modulation of rainfall in eastern Australia between the two positive phases of IPO (1926–1941 and 1978–1998) may be due to the influence on Australia of other climatic oscillations, such as the Indian Ocean Dipole, though other factors may also have played a role.
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Bedggood, David. "REVIEW: 'Recolonisation' of the Pacific via 'free' trade." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2004): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i2.816.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Review of Big Brothers Behaving Badly: The implications for the Pacific Islands of the Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations, report by Jane Kelsey commissioned by the Pacific Network on Globalisation (PANG).Jane Kelsey has added to her long list of informative and critical publications this recent attack on Australia and New Zealand's role in forcing free trade onto the small Pacific nations. She accuses them of bullying these island states to remove tariffs, export subsides and protectionist measures in agriculture, so they can sell more goods to Pacific Island consumers.
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Spriggs, Matthew, and Christopher Chippindale. "Early setlement of Island Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific." Antiquity 63, no. 240 (September 1989): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It was a quarter of a century ago that ANTIQUITY first announced the ‘Pleistocene colonization of Australia’, when Mulvaney (1964) reported secure dates before 12,000 b.p. from Kenniff Cave, Queensland. The last three years alone have seen dates from New Guinea of around 40,000 b.p., early dates from the offshore islands of the Bismarck Archipelago, and dates from Australia itself that show a rapid colonization of both the arid central desert and cold, wet Tasmania – environments very different from the tropical islands of Southeast Asia, whence the first Australasian populations must surely have come. It is a record with great implications for early settlement elsewhere, most plainly of the American continents.
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KALLIES, AXEL. "The clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands." Zootaxa 4833, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4833.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, the clearwing moths (Sesiidae) of Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands are reviewed. A total of 58 species belonging to 18 genera are recognized as native to this region. This includes the following new species and genera: Lophocnema mackeyi spec. nov. (Australia), Oligophlebia insurgia spec. nov. (New Guinea), Micrecia capillaria spec. nov. (New Guinea), Micrecia kuukuyau spec. nov. (Australia), Micrecia hawkei spec. nov. (Australia), Lamellisphecia sanguinea spec. nov. (New Guinea), Specodoptera hiltoni spec. nov. (New Guinea), Specodoptera hiltoni hibernia spec. nov., ssp. nov. (New Guinea), Aegerosphecia rufea spec. nov. (New Guinea), Melittia flanneryi spec. nov. (New Guinea), Melittia pyroptella spec. nov. (Australia), Archaeosesia milleri gen. nov. et spec. nov. (New Guinea), Nokona kungkay spec. nov. (Australia), Nokona bipora spec. nov. (New Guinea), Pseudosesia muyuae spec. nov. (New Guinea), Pseudosesia sumoensis spec. nov. (New Guinea), Pseudosesia sepikensis spec. nov. (New Guinea), Paranthrenella terminalia spec. nov. (New Guinea), Paranthrenella brandti spec. nov. (New Guinea), Paranthrenella lelatensis sp. nov. (New Guinea). Furthermore, 35 new combinations and each four new generic and species synonyms are introduced, while two genera and three species are resurrected from synonymy. Each 4 taxa at the species and genus levels are considered new synonyms. Six species are listed that originally derive from Africa, Europe, Northern Africa or Central America and were introduced into Australia or some of the Pacific Islands accidentally or deliberately.