Дисертації з теми "Pacific islanders in Australia"
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1
Clayton, Jeffrey Scott Keirstead Christopher M. "Discourses of race and disease in British and American travel writing about the South Seas 1870-1915." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1996.
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2
Niendorf, Matthew John. "'A Land Not Exactly Flowing with Milk & Honey': Swan River Mania in the British Isles and Western Australia 1827-1832." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626984.
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Griffiths, Philip Gavin, and phil@philgriffiths id au. "The making of White Australia: Ruling class agendas, 1876-1888." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080101.181655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis argues that the colonial ruling class developed its first White Australia policy in 1888, creating most of the precedents for the federal legislation of 1901. White Australia was central to the making of the Australian working class, to the shaping of Australian nationalism, and the development of federal political institutions. It has long been understood as a product of labour movement mobilising, but this thesis rejects that approach, arguing that the labour movement lacked the power to impose such a fundamental national policy, and that the key decisions which led to White Australia were demonstrably not products of labour movement action.
¶
It finds three great ruling class agendas behind the decisions to exclude Chinese immigrants, and severely limit the use of indentured coloured labour. Chinese people were seen as a strategic threat to Anglo-Australian control of the continent, and this fear was sharpened in the mid-1880s when China was seen as a rising military power, and a necessary ally for Britain in its global rivalry with Russia. The second ruling class agenda was the building of a modern industrial economy, which might be threatened by industries resting on indentured labour in the north. The third agenda was the desire to construct an homogenous people, which was seen as necessary for containing social discontent and allowing free institutions, such as parliamentary democracy.
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These agendas, and the ruling class interests behind them, challenged other major ruling class interests and ideologies. The result was a series of dilemmas and conflicts within the ruling class, and the resolution of these moved the colonial governments towards the White Australia policy of 1901. The thesis therefore describes the conflict over the use of Pacific Islanders by pastoralists in Queensland, the campaign for indentured Indian labour by sugar planters and the radical strategy of submerging this into a campaign for North Queensland separation, and the strike and anti-Chinese campaign in opposition to the use of Chinese workers by the Australasian Steam Navigation Company in 1878. The first White Australia policy of 1888 was the outcome of three separate struggles by the majority of the Anglo-Australian ruling classto narrowly restrict the use of indentured labour in Queensland, to assert the right of the colonies to decide their collective immigration policies independently of Britain, and to force South Australia to accept the end of Chinese immigration into its Northern Territory. The dominant elements in the ruling class had already agreed that any serious move towards federation was to be conditional on the building of a white, predominantly British, population across the whole continent, and in 1888 they imposed that policy on their own societies and the British government.
4
McLiver, Lawrence Clyde. "Cross-cultural adjustment and support services for Pacific Islander students at Queensland University of Technology : an exploration." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Cross-cultural adjustment of Pacific Island nation students enrolled in undergraduate courses at the Queensland University of Technology was researched through a comprehensive questionnaire. Forty students responded to the questionnaire and twenty students were interviewed in depth. The majority of the respondents were under 25 years and single. Almost three quarters were sponsored. The major findings were, (a) the majority of the students managed to adjust their learning styles and strategies to better suit the culture of Australian universities, (b) the majority were aware of support services, but less utilised them, ( c) the majority chose to go to academics and friends for help with their study. These findings point to the existence of an informal supportive network of friends and academics. The results highlight the challenges facing those involved in university education who are concerned
with developing appropriate support mechanisms which promote both enjoyment and success in tertiary study for Pacific Island students.
5
Martinson, Jeremy James. "Genetic variation in South Pacific Islanders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293422.
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6
Westley, Sebastian. "Repulsion as the Antithesis of Attraction in Soft Power Studies : How Australia's climate change response has elicited a feeling of repulsion in the Pacific islands." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ultimate aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of the concept of repulsion in soft power studies. This is achieved through the operational aim, which is to understand the concept of repulsion by exploring how a feeling of repulsion can be engendered in a state or region by the actions or inactions of the agent. As the antithesis of attraction, I argue that repulsion can be elicited in the subject (state or region) through the culture, values or policies of the agent. Australia’s much maligned climate change response and how it has been received in the Pacific islands was selected as a case study. It was concluded through the application of a repulsion framework that Australia’s response to climate change has likely elicited a feeling of repulsion in the Pacific islands. Through the development of a bespoke repulsion framework, in conjunction with an appropriate methodology that supports the identification of repulsion engendered in a subject by an agent, this study contributes to the advancement of repulsion as a cogent concept in soft power studies.
7
Loto, Robert. "Pacific Islanders and Health in the Print News Media." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pacific Islanders have faced discrimination in New Zealand particularly since the 1960s when members of communities, particularly from the Cook Islands, Samoa, Niue and Tonga began to be transplanted from their home nations to Aotearoa as cheap immigrant labour. Subsequently, the New Zealand vernacular has contained references to Pacific Islanders as 'overstayers', 'coconuts', 'bungas' and 'fresh off the boat' [FOB]. However, the legacy of a domineering relationship between the Palagi1 majority group and Pacific2 minorities that is captured by such derogatory terms is still evident in public forums such as the media. Using a quantitative content and qualitative narrative analysis, this first chapter documents portrayals of Pacific Islanders in New Zealand print media reports (n= 65) published over a three-month period. Findings reveal that Pacific people are predominantly portrayed as unmotivated, unhealthy and criminal others who are overly dependent on Palagi support. Consideration of this offered Pacific identity formation is explored and compared with that implied for Palagi, which is active, independent, competent and caring. Issues in coverage are discussed in relation to how Pacific Islanders are encouraged to see themselves, and the health and social consequences of dominant practices in press coverage. The second part of this thesis will take the findings from the investigation of the characterizations of Pacific Islanders in newspaper coverage and consider audience responses to such coverage. Focus group discussions will be used to explore how different New Zealand audiences view and respond to the portrayals of Pacific Island people and health in news media. The focus on audience responses supports the development of a better understanding of how groups can internalise media portrayals and use these as anchor points for understanding their own situations. Qualitative content from the two groups of Pacific Islanders (P1, P2) and two groups of Palagi (NP1, NP2) enabled a comparative analysis of audience interpretations. Findings propose that health issues are predominantly framed from the perspective of the dominant social group - in the local context Palagi - often at the expense of minority groups such as Māori and Pacific peoples. In appropriating aspects of news coverage, audience members do not engage or regurgitate what they are told or shown through the media. It is a rather complex process with audience members interpreting and using fragments of what they are presented with in making sense of issues of concern in their own lives. All the participants (n= 24) were compensated for their time and travel. We offer some suggestions as to how more equitable representations of Pacific people could be fostered in news media and how changes to a more civilised media will impact Pacific health positively. 1 Palagi (pronounced Palangi) is a term used by Pacific Islanders to refer to people of European decent. 2 We use the terms 'Pacific people' and 'Pacific Islanders' to denote a general social category or minority in Aotearoa used by the media. However, we need to qualify the use of these terms because their use can lead to a glossing over of the diversity in languages and cultures that exists between over 20 different Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian communities.
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Mara, Diane Lysette. "Theories and narratives : Pacific women in tertiary education and the social construction of ethnic identities in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/154.
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Reis, Susana Margarida Gonçalves. "O Smart Power da Austrália nas Ilhas do Pacífico: 2000‐2012." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6570.
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Tese de Mestrado em EstratégiaA Austrália é a grande potência do Pacífico insular, independentemente dos seus complexos de isolamento e singularidades identitárias. Trata-se de um truísmo consubstanciado pelo gigantismo territorial, militar e económico da Austrália, tornando-a incontornável na região, a ponto de ter sido denominada de “Deputy-Sheriff” do Pacífico (expressão que sintetiza, igualmente, o facto de manter uma relação simbiótica com os EUA). Todavia, o sobredimensionamento comparativo da Austrália face ao Pacífico terá levado, cremos, ao excessivo uso de instrumentos de hard power (relacionados com os meios militares e económicos), em particular entre 2003 e 2007, em detrimento de uma utilização balanceada de mecanismos de soft (indutores de cooptação e influência sem coação) e de hard power, colocando, porventura, em causa os objetivos estratégicos australianos, numa região tida como uma espécie de barreira de proteção do continente-ilha. Utilizando o conceito de smart power, de Joseph Nye, que consiste no uso contextualizado de instrumentos de soft e hard power consoante os objetivos fixados – definição que consideramos próxima e menos completa do que o conceito de Estratégia delineado na academia portuguesa –, procuramos avaliar de que modo a Austrália tem vindo a manter ou não a sua influência numa região do mundo em que a tirania da distância parece ter sido ultrapassada pela tirania da proximidade face ao novo centro geopolítico mundial: a Ásia-Pacífico.
Australia is the great power of the Pacific Islands, despite her isolation and identity specificities. This affirmation is a truism based on the territorial, military and economical gargantuan dimensions of Australia, inescapable in the region, until the point it was named Deputy-Sherriff (an expression which also synthesizes the symbiosis maintained with the USA). However, we believe that the comparative gigantism of Australia might have led the State to excessively use hard power instruments (connected to military and economic tools), particularly between 2003 and 2007, instead of using soft power (inducing cooption and influence without coercion) and hard power instruments in a balanced way, perhaps putting into question the Australian strategic goals, in a region that works like a protection barrier to the island-continent. Making use of Joseph Nye’s smart power concept, which means the contextualized use of soft and hard power instruments, according to the determined goals – a definition which we think to be close and even less complete than the concept of Strategy made by the Portuguese Academia –, we attempt to evaluate how Australia has been able to maintain or not her influence over a region where the tyranny of distance seems to have been overcome by the tyranny of proximity towards the new geopolitical center of the world: the Asia-Pacific.
10
Erick-Peleti, Stephanie Uini. "Factors associated with smoking amongst a cohort of mothers of pacific infants in Aotearoa / a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Health Science at Auckland University of Technology, 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/ErickPeletiS.pdf.
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11
Austin, Priscilla, and Priscilla Austin. "Promoting Health Literacy among Rural Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders with Hypertension." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626662.
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Low health literacy affects overall health and is associated with poor chronic disease self-management and medically underserved populations. The purpose of this project was to promote health literacy by utilizing the teach back method to deliver culturally sensitive information to enhance knowledge about the risks, management, and prevention of hypertension among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in a rural primary care clinic in Northern Oahu. Pender’s Health Promotion Model was used to guide the creation of this intervention and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model was used to guide implementation. Item responses on the High Blood Pressure Questionnaire were used to investigate the efficacy of the teach back method in improving hypertension knowledge pre-and post intervention. Responses were analyzed using an Excel spreadsheet for descriptive data.
Eight participants identifying as either Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander aged 35 and over were included in the DNP project. Each answered a questionnaire prior to the intervention, received a one-on-one teach back session, then participated in a telephone interview one week later to complete the post-questionnaire. The results indicated that there was improvement in at least four of the responses from pre to post-intervention. There was no change in four of the item responses as participants had correct knowledge before and after the intervention. Overall, providers should be encouraged to utilize the teach back method when delivering culturally sensitive information to improve their patients’ outcomes.
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Vacharakitja, Venus. "Social Support and Psychotherapy for Asian and Pacific Islanders with HIV/AIDS." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4894.
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HIV/AIDS rates among Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) have increased steadily in recent years. The Health Resources and Services Administration reported in 2011 that people living with HIV/AIDS experience psychiatric disorders at a rate 4 to 8 times higher than the general population, with as many as 60% experiencing depression. Studies show that short-term psychotherapy reduces depression and anxiety in people with HIV/AIDS, and studies have indicated that patients have better health outcomes when they receive psychotherapy in conjunction with medical treatment. It is not known how social support relates to psychotherapy attendance or health outcomes as measured by CD4 and viral load among people who are APIs and have HIV/AIDS. APIs comprise a group that does not readily engage with mental health services, thus warranting focused research attention. The purpose of this quantitative, causal, comparative study was (a) to examine the psychotherapy attendance rates of APIs and non-APIs who have HIV/AIDS, and (b) to identify the impact of social support on attendance rates and health outcomes such as CD4 and viral load. The data collected from anonymous medical files at a community health center, 993 number of records reviewed, analyzing the data using descriptive and inferential statistics in order to identify factors that increase psychotherapy attendance rates of people who are APIs and have HIV/AIDS. The study findings demonstrated that non-APIs have higher psychotherapy attendance rates over time compared to APIs, regardless of social support from case workers for attending. Positive social change for this group indicates further examination of the meaning and outcomes for API under these circumstances, with recommendation for use of qualitative data gathering the perspectives of API themselves.
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Aitaoto, Nia. "Pacific culture and type 2 diabetes: formative research to inform interventions to improve glycemic control among Pacific Islanders." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5404.
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The type 2 diabetes (T2DM) epidemic is a global health issue that is especially severe among Pacific Islanders in the United States (U.S.) and U.S. Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI) including Chuukese living in their homeland of Chuuk and the state of Hawaii. Although there are diabetes prevention and management programs in Hawai'i and the Pacific, success is limited due in part to the lack of tailoring for the Pacific audience. In spite of numerous recommendations to incorporate Pacific cultural constructs into health interventions, there are no studies in Chuuk or the Pacific that examine the integration of cultural constructs into diabetes prevention and management. To address this research need, the four studies in this dissertation used Grounded Theory and Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) processes to explore the relationships between constructs such as culture, religion, family, and diabetes prevention and control. The aims were to obtain perspectives on diabetes prevention, screening and management (Study1) and identify socio-cultural influences that hinder or facilitate adherence to diabetes prevention and management behaviors specifically adherence to nutrition therapy (Study 2), physical activity (Study 3) and prescription medication (Study 4). Data where gathered through key informant interviews (faith leaders and health care providers) and focus group discussions (individual with diabetes and care takers).
Results from Study 1 showed that participants perceived T2DM as a major problem and the discussion followed four significant narratives: (1) the need for specific information on "how to" operationalize diabetes treatment recommendations; (2) the practice of seeking medical help only when in pain; (3) the role spirituality plays in etiology disease beliefs and its influence on help-seeking behaviors; and (4) the role emotions play in treatment compliance. Study 2 revealed barriers to nutrition therapy adherence that were similar to other minority populations in the U.S. such as cost of healthy foods, taste preference, low availability of healthy food choices, lack of ideas for healthy meals/cooking, and lack of culturally appropriate nutrition modification options. It also elucidated: (1) food consumption and preparation practices; (2) the need for culturally tailored interventions; and (3) contextually appropriate approaches to address nutrition issues, including a plan for future research and interventions. Study 3 revealed a variety of behaviors, personal factors and environmental influences related to adherence to physical activity recommendations. Although the study was focused on physical activity, participants spent the majority of their time discussing sedentary behaviors and contextually appropriate interventions. Study 4 exposed vital factors that inclined patients' to comply with prescribed medication. Factors associated with the healer (messenger), medicine/remedy, and focus of healing. Furthermore, this study revealed that many patients not only seek multiple healing types (western, traditional, local and new), they also rotate among the types. These findings were communicated through two narratives: healer characteristics and medication-specific features. Overall, the most salient topics in all the focus group and interview discussions were on diabetes as a major problem and the pervasiveness of hopelessness. Woven into these conversations were narratives on how to address these two issues with stewardships of the spirit, mind and body. This became the foundation of a framework to address the diabetes epidemic in Pacific.
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Baleinakorodawa, Leronio. "Causes of truancy from mainstream education for a group of Pasifika students enrolled in alternative education." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/786.
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Research on the causes of truancy from mainstream education suggest that a range of factors such as poverty, ethnicity, the quality of relationship between students and teachers, and the nature of the classroom environment impact on students’ attendance in schools. The majority of the studies on truancy have been carried out with students in alternative education in the U.S.A and Australia. In New Zealand, research has focused on the truancy of Maori students. This study investigates the causes of truancy for Pasifika students in alternative education in New Zealand. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected using questionnaires and three focus group interviews. The findings from this study suggest that a number of factors affected students’ motivation to study. The behaviour of teachers and the school environment were found to affect the Pasifika students’ approach to learning. Some students had negative views of their own ability and lacked perseverance. Other students believed that a lack of parental or family support impacted negatively on their attendance. Consistent with the findings in other studies on truancy, this study found that a range of influences such as a lack of support from community leaders, students’ perceptions of their performance, the nature of the classroom environment, family structure, lifestyle factors and cultural and church activities contributed to Pasifika students’ truanting behaviour. This study suggests that schools that employ teachers who understand and empathize with the cultural aspects of Pasifika students and who can empathize with their situation will be most effective in preventing truancy among these students. Similarly, schools have dedicated programmes that accommodate the academic requirements of Pasifika students foster a more positive learning environment. Finally, schools should look to put in place initiatives to enable Pasifika parents to become effective partners in their children’s education.
15
Akbar, Heena. "Socio-cultural context of managing type 2 diabetes in Australian Pacific Islander women living in Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119162/1/Heena_Akbar_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined diabetes self-management of Australian Pacific Island (API) women with type 2 diabetes living in Queensland using a community-based participatory action research and culturally informed Talanoa methodology. Fundamentally process and action - oriented, the study aimed to understand self-management change behaviours within the broader API community that included social, cultural and environmental contexts. The findings will contribute to the development and design of culturally appropriate and tailored strategies of diabetes self-management for Pacific communities.
16
Ete-Rasch, Elaine. "'I thought it was just a pimple' : a study examining the parents of Pacific children's understanding and management of skin infections in the home ; a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Applied) in Nursing /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1237.
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Prescott, Semisi Manisela. "Pacific business sustainability in New Zealand a study of Tongan experiences : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/745.
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Pacific business sustainability in New Zealand is important for the economic and social wellbeing of the Pacific Island people who have chosen New Zealand as their home. As with many ethnic minorities businesses overseas, Pacific businesses struggle to survive in a foreign commercial environment that is often not aligned to the value systems and customs of their country of origin. This study seeks to determine the key financial and entrepreneurial drivers of business sustainability for Tongan businesses as a specific group within the Pacific Island business sector. The study takes an ethnic specific view of business sustainability drawing on the experiences of twenty Tongan businesses, three Pacific business consultants and the wider Tongan community. The data was captured in a series of talanoa sessions (a traditional and preferred form of communication based on face to face discussion) carried out in 2006 and 2007. Throughout the study, attention was given to Tongan protocols, cultural nuances and sensitivities to ensure the context in which these Tongan businesses operate was captured. The study concludes by making several contributions to the literature. The first includes the contribution to methodology through to use of talanoa in a business context. The second is the contribution to embeddedness theory through the analysis of specific Tongan business experiences and lastly the empirical contribution to the Pacific Island business literature. The findings have been analysed from a number of perspectives including; financial accounting, business finance, management accounting and business related challenges. The empirical findings highlight that differences in culture and traditional Tongan protocols influence business practice. The impact of Tongan culture on business sustainability is both complementary and inimical. Tongan business sustainability in New Zealand is therefore a product of business practices that incorporate embedded Tongan culture and the western commercial paradigms within which they operate.
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Luafutu-Simpson, Pauline Mary Elizabeth. "Choices offered, choices chosen in Pasifika early childhood education : a Christchurch experience : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Pacific Studies at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Pacific Studies, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/987.
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Current government policy aims to redress the persistent under-participation of Pasifika children in early childhood education by improving the standard and availability of services delivered through Pasifika early childhood initiatives. This research explores the rationale that underpinned the choices of sixteen New Zealand-born Samoan parents in Christchurch by using the qualitative method of in-depth interviews, structured around a questionnaire. Three primary themes emerged from the primary data: Pasifika early childcare provisions; identity issues; and the effect of generational changes in parenting styles. As first and second generation New Zealand-born Samoans, participants' preference vis-ā-vis the types of early childhood initiatives they accessed, reflected trans-generation differences between the original migrants and their offspring. Moreover, some participants and many of their children are of multi-ethnic heritage, exemplifying the changing face of Pasifika people in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Participants were divided into three groups. Findings indicate that Group A parents, who had the highest levels of social, cultural and economic capital, made informed decisions to access Pasifika Education and Childcare Centres in order to ensure their children were acculturated in Samoan language and culture. While there were multiple reasons why Group B parents withdrew their children from Pasifika services they were generally ambivalent about the effectiveness of Pasifika provisions in meeting the needs of their children. Group C parents did not access Pasifika preschool education; barriers to participation included their personal perceptions of alienation from the traditional Samoan community. Findings suggest that government policy formulation processes exclude the voices of stakeholders who demographers predict will comprise an increasingly large percentage of the population of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Pasifika parity in accessing early childhood education is contingent upon service provision that is conducive to meeting the needs of all Pasifika parents, including those who are marginalized by mainstream society and Pasifika communities.
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Levine, Lauren Michelle. "Substance Use and Barriers to Treatment Across Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders and Asian Americans." UNF Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/233.
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Research shows that Asian Americans have lower rates of substance abuse treatment utilization than Caucasians. However, investigators have recently begun to separate Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NH/PI) from Asian Americans. Thus, it remains unclear whether disparities in barriers to treatment utilization differ across NH/Pis and Asian Americans. Data (N = 43,093) from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a large, nationally representative survey was used in this study. A chi-square analysis examined whether disparities in barriers and utilization differed between NH/Pis (n = 300) and Asian Americans (n = 1,334). We found that NH/Pis who thought they should seek treatment for their drinking were statistically and significantly less likely than Asian Americans to do so. We found no statistically significant differences for drug use. We also found that NH/Pis were more likely to meet criteria for a substance use disorder than Asian Americans. Results suggest the possibility that alcohol use has become increasingly embedded and normalized in NH/PI culture as opposed to Asian American culture while drug use has not. Thus, alcohol's normalization may result in NH/Pis more frequently failing to seek needed alcohol treatment. This indicates that public health policy should consider alcohol and drug use separately when designing and implementing culturally-specific preventions and interventions and focus on the de-normalization of alcohol use. Large-scale surveys of NH/Pis are needed to better identify barriers to treatment and utilization patterns. In sum, results highlight the need to increasingly consider cross-cultural variation in research while simultaneously developing culturally sensitive prevention and intervention programs.
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Hu, May Yung. "Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in higher education leadership challenges and opportunities for growth /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692725411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bilimoria, Nilesh Nirvaan. "Framework for climate migration readiness for Fiji for relocation of Pacific Islanders to Fiji." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/137303/1/Nilesh%20Nirvaan_Bilimoria_Thesis.pdf.
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The central question the thesis asks is how ready is the Fijian Government to respond to climate-induced cross border relocation of the Pacific Island communities from Kiribati and Tuvalu to Fiji? The thesis synthesises and analyses different sources of data to conceptualise and articulate a set of criteria for readiness that has not been explained elsewhere in the literature for climate change migration readiness. Extensive work remains for Fiji to meet the readiness criteria, which encompass: the role of law for cross-border relocation, institutional capacity, coordination, land availability, funding, a whole-of-community orientation, and the maintenance of cultural identity in the planning and implementation phases of cross-border relocation.
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White, Joanna Louise. "Bodily encounters : forms of contact between Europeans and Pacific Islanders (1765-1850) and their legacy." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439317.
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Christiansen, Lurlene. "Catch the wahine and win (re) addressing the Polynesian : this exegesis [thesis] is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Art and Design, 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.
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Sylva, Lyndsai K. "Cultural Connections in the Classroom and Pacific Islander Students<'> Value of Reading." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7126.
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This thesis focuses on how cultural connections in classroom influences students<'> value of learning, specifically, their value of reading. Several researchers and theorists have emphasized the importance of balancing cognitive and conative aspects of children<'>s reading development. However, what is lacking in these studies is a focus on Pacific Islander (PI) children. The purpose of this study was to examine value of reading for diverse students who may be struggling in classrooms designed for White, middle-class students. Findings provide educators and those working with diverse students a chance to consider how connecting cultural backgrounds for all students can help in classrooms. This study was framed from a larger study on equity in teaching academic language conducted by the supervising professor, Dr. Bryant Jensen. This research study used a mixed method approach: multiple regression analysis to predict gains in PI students<'> reading values, and interviews with classroom teachers. Fourth through sixth grade Latino and PI students in 32 classrooms participating in the quantitative study, and three teachers were interviewed. Due to the short time frame, PI students<'> value of reading did not increase on average. Themes also emerged during interviews with the classroom teachers. I conclude with a discussion, implications, and recommendations for future research studies and educators working with PI and other diverse students.
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Leleisi'uao, Andy. "My Samoan accent an investigation discussing issues that emanate out of my identity as a New Zealand born Samoan artist : [an exegesis [thesis] submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts (Art and Design), 2004.]." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
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26
Phromjuang, Kornwika. "The relationship between personal demographic components, health status, discharge status, and mortality among Asian Pacific Islanders elders." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1207269544.
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Ruda, Petr. "What Do You Want to Eat? A Descriptive Study of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders' Home Food Environment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: Home food environments are created when families stock their kitchens with food, which contributes to their dietary patterns and weight management. Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NPHIs) have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. A description of their home food environment can help nurses understand NHPIs' dietary patterns. Our purpose was to describe NHPIs' home food environments by analyzing grocery store and restaurant receipts. Design and Sample: This descriptive study used analyzed qualitative and quantitative data from eight NHPI families, collected over an 8-week period. Measures: Grocery store and restaurant receipts were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Families' dietary patterns were studied with open-ended questions and compared to receipt data. Results: Food groups with the highest percent expenditures included combination foods (20%), protein foods (19%), and empty calorie food and drinks (11%). The lowest percent expenditures included fruits (8%), grains (7%), vegetables (7%), and dairy (6%). Families visited restaurants zero to 10 times (M = 2) per week. Conclusions: Results can help nurses address NHPIs' home food environment challenges by increasing their awareness of typical food purchases and helping NHPIs assess their own grocery and restaurant purchases and improve their own home food environments.
28
Hess, Martin Christopher. "The Australian Federal Police as an International Actor: Diplomacy by Default." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under traditional International relations theory, diplomacy
relates to relations between sovereign nations. There have been
two broad schools of thought on the dynamics behind these
relations: the ‘realist’ school, which tends to consider
power and conflict as the major lens through which such should be
viewed, and the ‘idealist’ school which tended to focus on
cooperation rather than conflict. Between these two extreme
views, a third school, the English School of International
Relations, also known as the British Institutionalists, provides
somewhat of a compromise view, acknowledging the merit of both
realism and idealism, by accepting that power remains an
important element but also advocating that acceptance of common
norms and institutions plays a significant role in determining
relations, or the International Society between states.
In 1977 Hedley Bull offered the following definition of
International Society when he stated that International Society
… exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common
interests and common values, form a society in the sense that
they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in
their relations with one another, and share in the working of
common institutions.
This thesis is not specifically related to International
Relations theory, which deals with inter-state relations. Whilst
inter-state conflict and international relations remain important
drivers of foreign and military policy, there is a growing
recognition that it is intra-state conflict avoidance and
post-conflict reconstruction which increasingly mitigate the risk
to the safety, security, peace and prosperity of nations and
regions. Much of this disquiet has its roots in
maladministration, poor governance and a lack of justice. These
are areas in which traditional approaches to foreign intervention
via trade, aid and military force have limited effect, and in
which effective consent-based policing and justice can play a
significant part in building sustainable and peaceful outcomes.
This thesis discusses the role played by a non-traditional actor
in the international arena, the police, specifically the
Australian Federal Police (AFP), in addressing some of these
intra-state justice and governance issues in a constantly
changing, unstable and unpredictable global and regional
environment. The thesis is intended to outline the diversity and
versatility of AFP activities and to contextualise them in terms
of non-traditional New Diplomacy. The aspects of diplomacy of
most significance relate to diplomatic qualities or traits of the
individual police officer, diplomatic behaviours of these
members, and diplomatic outcomes of their activities. As such
the thesis does not relate directly to International Relations
theory or to International Society, as espoused by Hedley Bull.
There are, however, some interesting intersections which are
worthy of note. There are some critics of the English School who
argue that it is Eurocentric. Today’s International Relations
originated in the 19th century when a number of European nations
formed a club of ‘civilised’ states bound by international
law, which expanded around the globe to involve all nations. This
concept has been used to explain the lack of imperative for a
supra-state or world government to maintain orderly inter-state
relations, as the force which binds them is consent to agree to
common interest and values within a global rules-based order.
In terms of policing on an international scale, global government
is simply too unwieldy. There are a number of global,
consent-based institutions such as the United Nations and
INTERPOL, which fulfil this requirement to a certain extent. The
AFP has had long involvement with both of these global
institutions, as well as several regional policing institutions.
In terms of conflict-oriented ‘realism’ and cooperative
‘idealism’, policing walks both sides of the street. As this
thesis will discuss, the whole posture of liberal-democratic
policing is conflict prevention, and the means by which such
police carry out their daily duties is by cooperation. This is
the context in which replication or expansion of International
Society should be considered in relation to the activities of the
AFP internationally and regionally.
This thesis is by definition Eurocentric, or more specifically
Anglo-centric, due to the historical fact that the AFP draws all
of its principles from Australia’s British antecedents and
adheres to a largely ‘western’ or European notion of human
rights values.
This thesis explores the role of the AFP as an international
actor. The thesis asserts that effective international policing
has never been more important in linking the international with
the domestic. The way the AFP operates in a landscape where
traditional policing paradigms are rapidly changing, due to
ever-changing, political, diplomatic, and transnational issues,
is examined in the context of the ‘globalisation paradox’, of
both needing and fearing, global governance simultaneously, as
raised by Anne-Marie Slaughter in her book, A New World Order.
The way the organisation has evolved from its origins, based on
Western liberal-democratic policing values, approaches and
skills, to an organisation involved in international policing and
diplomacy at the highest levels, while still retaining its
liberal-democratic credentials is explained. It is argued that in
the contemporary international and Australian context, the AFP is
an effective and experienced agency. It is further argued that
this is a distinctive form of new diplomacy, appropriate to an
increasingly globalised world.
The AFP has established an extensive international network in
more than 30 countries, has been a consistent contributor to
national security, has participated in numerous international
deployments over half a century, and continues to play a
meaningful role in Australian foreign policy efforts. The thesis
provides evidence to show how AFP officers exhibit diplomatic
qualities similar to those listed by Daryl Copeland in his book
Guerrilla Diplomacy , as well as those mentioned by Christopher
Meyer in his book Getting Our Way.
In all of its international endeavours, AFP members have
demonstrated, in varying degrees, the three enduring elements of
diplomacy as outlined by Jonsson and Hall in their book The
Essence of Diplomacy. They have communicated and negotiated in
some very challenging circumstances and they are representatives
of the Australian Government and its humanitarian values. The
AFP, as part of broader efforts with institutions such as the UN,
have not so much sought a replication of international society,
as mentioned by Jonsson and Hall, but have provided a supplement
to international society, by effective networking, thereby
addressing in large part, Slaughter’s ‘globalisation
paradox’. It is not so much universal police homogeneity which
is sought by such endeavours, as a balance between it, and the
heterogeneity which is inevitably associated with cultures
transitioning from custom and tradition, to 21st century
expectations of nationhood. The way the AFP’s transnational
operations, activities, and deployments, not only serve perceived
national interests, but result in more effective regional
governance, is identified as ‘diplomacy by default’, because
formal Track I diplomacy is not their primary objective. It will
be demonstrated how international diplomacy, while generally
conducted with perceived national interests as its primary goal,
has a secondary benefit, good international citizenship, and that
the AFP has a credible history of serving both.
It is argued that the AFP is well positioned within government,
law and intelligence and security circles, in the Australian and
international contexts, through an extensive liaison officer
network in South-East Asia, the South-West Pacific as well as
more broadly. It will be demonstrated how the AFP has shown
itself as capable and ready to respond effectively to extant and
emerging challenges, and as such, has earned a place in foreign
policy discussions and considerations at the highest diplomatic
levels, including the UN. The AFP provides a distinctive and
direct link between the global, the regional, and the domestic,
which matches the rapidly globalised community it represents. The
thesis confirms that international policing acts as a distinctive
aspect of Australian ‘firm’ diplomacy, and supplements the
more traditional elements of international engagement, between
the ‘soft’ or traditional diplomacy, and the ‘hard’ form
of military intervention. The evidence provided shows how it is
by this form of whole-of-government activity, inclusive of
policing, that stability and security are enhanced, and peace and
prosperity are encouraged. Overall, the thesis affirms the AFP as
a transnational agency, which is well placed to link the
international with the domestic, the contextual with the
aspirational, and the theoretical with the practical, in a period
of strategic uncertainty in international affairs at the dawn of
the Third Millennium.
29
Palu, Afa K. "Factors Related to High School Dropout Rates Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Youths in Salt Lake and Utah Counties in Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Researchers across the globe have studied high school dropouts for decades and have identified various factors related to high school dropout rates. These factors have been found to be related to dropout rates among specific ethnic groups, including White, Asian, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic or Latino Origin high school students. However, the factors related to dropout rates among Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander high school students in the U.S. mainland have not been studied. This study was completed to better understand the factors related to dropout rates among Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander high school dropouts. The sample for this study was 13 males and 4 females that dropped out of high schools located in the Salt Lake and Utah counties in Utah. A qualitative analysis of the interview data indicated that peer-, personal-, family-, culture-, and school-related factors were associated with dropout rates among the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander high school dropouts in these two counties. The implications of these findings are explored.
30
Cline, Jared Isaac. "Ethnoracial Comparisons in Psychotherapy Outcomes Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander College Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Variables such as stigma, weak ethnic identity, and cultural mistrust have been linked to the underutilization of therapy amongst ethnic minority populations. As such, ethnic minority populations may reach a higher threshold of distress-including areas such as anxiety and depression-before seeking professional help. While there is substantial research documenting ethnic differences among various ethnic minority populations (e.g., African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics) very little research has been conducted exploring differences among individuals from Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) backgrounds. For the current study, we explored differences in distress upon intake as well as the change in anxiety and depression scores over the course of 12 therapy sessions for NHPI college students compared to college students from other ethnic groups. We also explored the effect that spirituality and religiosity had on depression and anxiety among NHPI college students. We collected data from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), a practice research network that has aggregated data from hundreds of university counseling centers across the United States, from the years 2012-2015. Our total sample was N = 256,242; of that sample, n = 452 identified as NHPI. We selected independent variables from the Standardized Data Set (i.e., ethnicity, age, gender, estimated socioeconomic status, importance of spirituality and religiosity) and dependent variables from the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 and -34 (i.e., depression, social anxiety, generalized anxiety). We analyzed data using latent growth modeling and computed a conceptual effect size by comparing the change in standard deviation between treatment effects. Results yielded significant differences (p < .05) between both intercept and slope estimates for NHPIs compared to African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Whites. Notably, NHPI depression scores improved at the highest rate over time compared to other ethnic groups, while anxiety scores among NHPIs improved at the lowest rate. The effect of spirituality and religiosity on anxiety and depression was statistically insignificant. The results of this study indicated that NHPI college students experience psychotherapy outcomes differently than other ethnic groups, including Asian Americans, with moderate-to-large magnitudes of effect. Considering substantial meta-analytical research supporting the benefits of culturally adapted treatment, results of this study suggest the need to disaggregate the combined demographic Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI), as research conducted on this broader group provides questionable validity when applied to clinical settings for NHPIs.
31
Paea, Mele Katea. "The leadership processes of Pacific public servants in Aotearoa, New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/870.
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Braginsky, Nafanua. "The Psychosocial and Cultural Values related to Dietary and Physical Activity Practice of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders with Diabetes in Hawaii." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: To explore psychosocial and cultural values related to dietary and physical activity practices of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) with type 2 diabetes in Hawai'i.
Methods: Content analysis of data previously collected from the experimental study, "The Study of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions in Diabetes Self-Management," was completed. Focus groups were conducted with a total of 15 men and women of AAPI descent, ages 18 -75 years with type 2 diabetes. Focus group discussions were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed for emergent categories and themes using the social ecological framework. In addition, NVivo 8 computer software was utilized for organization and management of data.
Findings: Psychosocial themes related to dietary practices included depression, denial, happiness, self-control, and awareness of complications. Cultural values related to eating, such as family upbringing, social events, food variety, large food portions, and reciprocity were identified. Participants with underlying medical conditions posed as physiological limitations to physical activity. Psychosocial and cultural values that influenced physical activity were motivation, family values and gender.
Conclusion: Results of this study support the value of employing the social ecological framework when attempting to understand the health behavior of these minority populations. The contextual experiences of the participants in their families, environment, and the local culture in Hawaii greatly affected their dietary and physical activity behaviors. From the social ecological perspective, an important recommendation from results of this study is for future support programs to address individual needs in the context of family. Interventions should also focus on the environmental values that influence variety and portions of food; and provide culturally sensitive support for the psychosocial issues that potentially become barriers. Education programs related to support for diabetes should be tailored for the AAPI populations. Empowerment with knowledge and support would allow individuals and their families to take ownership of their health care and thereby equipping them with tools to develop nutritionally and physically sound health habits to control diabetes. Positive health outcomes are, after all, the ultimate goal of diabetes self management.
33
Solomon, Tereapii Elinora. "A Life-history Analysis of Achievement of Māori and Pacific Island Students at the Church College of New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Church College of New Zealand is a private co-educational secondary school located near Hamilton, New Zealand and is sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Since its opening in 1958, it has hosted a large population of Polynesian students, in particular Māori. The questions that this thesis addresses centre on the nature, history and reasons for what seems to be a disproportionately higher level of achievement amongst Māori and Pacific Island students at Church College than in New Zealand more broadly. Through a life-history approach to research, this thesis provides an overview of the rich history behind the building of the Church College, and highlights the experiences of successful graduates over three particular timeframes - 1951-1969, 1970-1989 and the 1990s. A major contributing factor to the success of the students at Church College is an environment where both religious and cultural values of students are reaffirmed and considered normal. For some students, Church College provided an environment that validated what students were being taught in their own homes. For others, it provided a refuge from a conflicted home. With the growing pressures of social problems within the wider community for many Māori and Pacific Island families, the school environment of the Church College was a key factor in providing stability and security for some students at the College. On June 29 2006, an announcement was made by leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints of the phased out closure of Church College beginning in the year 2007 and eventually closing at the end of the year 2009. With Māori and Pacific Island students so under-represented in achievement and participation in education settings in New Zealand, the announcement of the closure provided an opportunity to highlight some of the successes experienced at the Church College of New Zealand.
34
Mamoe, Ati Henry. "The Impact of Marketisation on Pacific Islands Secondary School Students: A Christchurch Experience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Pacific Studies, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines the impact of marketisation on Pacific Islands students in Christchurch high schools. Specifically, this study targeted the Tomorrow's Schools policy released in 1990 with particular interest in the changes in zoning laws. These changes theoretically allowed the consumers of education (the parents and students) equal access to all secondary schools by breaking down the zones and creating a free market where 'choice' and competition reigned supreme. However, this study along with others found that in actual fact it was the 'popular' schools with enrolment schemes who had the power to choose what students they preferred. Schools were left to compete for those students deemed' undesirable' by popular schools. This study found that a dis-empowerment of the schools' enrolment schemes needs to occur in Christchurch. Obviously, on the other hand, an empowerment of Pacific Islands parents and students through the increase of information also needs to occur. Although the government has made small steps toward making the problem more visible, more definitive work needs to be done in this area. This study also examined the achievement of Pacific Islands students at a national and at a sample level and discovered that has been very little improvement in this area over the time the Tomorrow's Schools policy has been in operation. Therefore, this study ventures into an analysis of this problem and suggests possible remedies. Again, this study argues that students must be actively empowered by teachers, schools, the government, and by their own people, in order to break down the physical, mental and even spiritual battles that Pacific Islands students face in the New Zealand education system.
35
Lefrandt, Jason Bernard. "Comparing Alcohol Abuse of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander College Students to that of Other Racial Groups." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alcohol abuse is a ubiquitous issue for college students across the United States (U.S.) including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI). As compared to their counterparts, NHPI students tend to underutilize university counseling services and have significantly lower retention rates than their White counterparts. Considering that NHPI may be reluctant to go to counseling, their levels of distress and alcohol abuse may have to reach a higher threshold before they seek treatment. This study examined NHPI college students' presenting levels of alcohol abuse both at intake and over time and compared these students to students from other ethnic/racial groups. Data were gathered from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), a practice-research network used by hundreds of college counseling centers across the U.S. Aggregated data from the years 2012-2015 included variables measured by the Standardized Data Set (SDS) and the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS). The data were analyzed using Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) to assess the differences at intake and over time in alcohol abuse and distress across ethnic groups. Results of this study indicated that NHPI college students at college counseling centers had higher levels of alcohol abuse and presenting distress at intake than students from other ethnic/racial groups. However, NHPI did not have significantly different changes in levels of alcohol abuse from session one to session 12 as compared to other students. Implications and directions for further research are also discussed.
36
Taffe, Sue (Sue Elizabeth) 1945. "The Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders : the politics of inter-racial coalition in Australia, 1958-1973." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8964.
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Wohnhaas, Michael R. "Forward deployment of U.S. naval forces to Australia /." Fort Leavenworth, Kan. : [U.S. Army Command and General Staff College], 2007. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA475688.
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38
角田, 太作, and Tasaku TSUNODA. "Typological Study of word Order in Languages of the Pacific Region (5) Warrungu (Australia)." 名古屋大学文学部, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9743.
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TSUNODA, Tasaku, and 太作 角田. "Typological Study of Word Order in Languages of the Pacific Region (2) Djaru (Australia)." 名古屋大学文学部, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9742.
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40
Schloenhardt, Andreas. "Migrant smuggling : illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region /." Leiden [u.a.] : Nijhoff, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/374452059.pdf.
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41
Williams, Michael. "Destination qiaoxiang: Pearl River Delta Villages and Pacific ports, 1849-1949." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30148893.
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42
Shi, Ge. "Variability and change of the Indo-Pacific climate system and their impacts upon Australia rainfall." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004784/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[Abstract]: Australia is one of the driest continents in the world, and over the past decades, severe drought has plagued most of the country. Water security is an important national issue. The ultimate water supply, rainfall, however, is one of the most variable ones in theworld and is complicated by the fact that it is affected by several remote oceanatmospheric teleconnection systems simultaneously, including the El Niño-SouthernOscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole and Southern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric variability. These three systems sometimes conspire to produce a severe impact, whereas sometimes they offset each other to produce a mild influence. The recent severe watershortage has generated a surge of investments with strong regional applications. The present study focuses on areas and issues outside the scope of these regional studies,aiming to provide an Australia-wide assessment of future Australian rainfall under climate change. Firstly, we unravel a process of the Indo-Pacific oceanic teleconnection and examine its role in influencing variability of the Indian Ocean, and hence Australianrainfall variations. An examination of their contribution to the warming structure of the Indian Ocean is carried out. Secondly, we explore dynamics of North West Australianrainfall variability and mechanisms of a rainfall increase over the past decades, and benchmark climate models in terms of their ability to reproduce the observed variability and trends, focusing on the role of increasing northern hemispheric aerosols in the rainfallincrease. Thirdly, we provide a dynamical explanation to the common future of a fast Tasman Sea warming rate under climate change, and identify the impacts of suchwarming on Australian rainfall. Finally, we examine the relative importance of the three systems, in addition to Tasman Sea warming, in driving rainfall changes undergreenhouse conditions. This project contributes to no less than six peer-reviewed journal publications.
43
Carmichael, Amy Elizabeth. "Taxonomy and diagnostics of fruit fly infesting Opiine Braconids in Australia and the South Pacific." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30400/1/Amy_Carmichael_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Opiine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) are parasitoids of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), the primary horticultural pests of Australia and the South Pacific. Effective use of opiines for biological control of fruit flies is limited by poor taxonomy and identification difficulties. To overcome these problems, this thesis had two aims: (i) to carry out traditional taxonomic research on the fruit fly infesting opine braconids of Australia and the South Pacific; and (ii) to transfer the results of the taxonomic research into user friendly diagnostic tools. Curated wasp material was borrowed from all major Australian museum collections holding specimens. This was supplemented by a large body of material gathered as part of a major fruit fly project in Papua New Guinea: nearly 4000 specimens were examined and identified. Each wasp species was illustrated using traditional scientific drawings, full colour photomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. An electronic identification key was developed using Lucid software and diagnostic images were loaded on the web-based Pest and Diseases Image Library (PaDIL). A taxonomic synopsis and distribution and host records for each of the 15 species of dacine-parasitising opiine braconids found in the South Pacific is presented. Biosteres illusorius Fischer (1971) was formally transferred to the genus Fopius and a new species, Fopius ferrari Carmichael and Wharton (2005), was described. Other species dealt with were Diachasmimorpha hageni (Fullaway, 1952), D. kraussii (Fullaway, 1951), D. longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905), D. tryoni (Cameron, 1911), Fopius arisanus (Sonan, 1932), F. deeralensis (Fullaway, 1950), F. schlingeri Wharton (1999), Opius froggatti Fullaway (195), Psyttalia fijiensis (Fullaway, 1936), P. muesebecki (Fischer, 1963), P. novaguineensis (Szépliget, 1900i) and Utetes perkinsi (Fullaway, 1950). This taxonomic component of the thesis has been formally published in the scientific literature. An interactive diagnostics package (“OpiineID”) was developed, the centre of which is a Lucid based multi-access key. Because the diagnostics package is computer based, without the space limitations of the journal publication, there is no pictorial limit in OpiineID and so it is comprehensively illustrated with SEM photographs, full colour photographs, line drawings and fully rendered illustrations. The identification key is only one small component of OpiineID and the key is supported by fact sheets with morphological descriptions, host associations, geographical information and images. Each species contained within the OpiineID package has also been uploaded onto the PaDIL website (www.padil.gov.au). Because the identification of fruit fly parasitoids is largely of concern to fruit fly workers, rather than braconid specialists, this thesis deals directly with an area of growing importance to many areas of pure and applied biology; the nexus between taxonomy and diagnostics. The Discussion chapter focuses on this area, particularly the opportunities offered by new communication and information tools as new ways delivering the outputs of taxonomic science.
44
Carmichael, Amy Elizabeth. "Taxonomy and diagnostics of fruit fly infesting Opiine Braconids in Australia and the South Pacific." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30400/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Opiine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) are parasitoids of dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), the primary horticultural pests of Australia and the South Pacific. Effective use of opiines for biological control of fruit flies is limited by poor taxonomy and identification difficulties. To overcome these problems, this thesis had two aims: (i) to carry out traditional taxonomic research on the fruit fly infesting opine braconids of Australia and the South Pacific; and (ii) to transfer the results of the taxonomic research into user friendly diagnostic tools. Curated wasp material was borrowed from all major Australian museum collections holding specimens. This was supplemented by a large body of material gathered as part of a major fruit fly project in Papua New Guinea: nearly 4000 specimens were examined and identified. Each wasp species was illustrated using traditional scientific drawings, full colour photomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. An electronic identification key was developed using Lucid software and diagnostic images were loaded on the web-based Pest and Diseases Image Library (PaDIL). A taxonomic synopsis and distribution and host records for each of the 15 species of dacine-parasitising opiine braconids found in the South Pacific is presented. Biosteres illusorius Fischer (1971) was formally transferred to the genus Fopius and a new species, Fopius ferrari Carmichael and Wharton (2005), was described. Other species dealt with were Diachasmimorpha hageni (Fullaway, 1952), D. kraussii (Fullaway, 1951), D. longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905), D. tryoni (Cameron, 1911), Fopius arisanus (Sonan, 1932), F. deeralensis (Fullaway, 1950), F. schlingeri Wharton (1999), Opius froggatti Fullaway (195), Psyttalia fijiensis (Fullaway, 1936), P. muesebecki (Fischer, 1963), P. novaguineensis (Szépliget, 1900i) and Utetes perkinsi (Fullaway, 1950). This taxonomic component of the thesis has been formally published in the scientific literature. An interactive diagnostics package (“OpiineID”) was developed, the centre of which is a Lucid based multi-access key. Because the diagnostics package is computer based, without the space limitations of the journal publication, there is no pictorial limit in OpiineID and so it is comprehensively illustrated with SEM photographs, full colour photographs, line drawings and fully rendered illustrations. The identification key is only one small component of OpiineID and the key is supported by fact sheets with morphological descriptions, host associations, geographical information and images. Each species contained within the OpiineID package has also been uploaded onto the PaDIL website (www.padil.gov.au). Because the identification of fruit fly parasitoids is largely of concern to fruit fly workers, rather than braconid specialists, this thesis deals directly with an area of growing importance to many areas of pure and applied biology; the nexus between taxonomy and diagnostics. The Discussion chapter focuses on this area, particularly the opportunities offered by new communication and information tools as new ways delivering the outputs of taxonomic science.
45
Watson, Tania Maree. "A Study of the Relationship between Trust, Authority and Leadership within the Cultural Context of Churches of Christ in Western Australia." Thesis, Nyack College, Alliance Theological Seminary, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10982380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This researcher considers that confusion observed amongst church leadership teams within Churches of Christ in Western Australia (COCWA) may be explained, in part, as a reflection of an Australian cultural phenomenon: “The Australian Authority Paradox” as described by social researchers, Aigner and Skelton. The effects of this paradox appear to limit the effectiveness of leadership exercised in the Australian context.
The researcher conducted a study of church leaders, sourced within two clusters of COCWA Churches between February and August 2017. The researcher found attitude indicators consistent with the proposition of an authority paradox.
A key outcome of the project, is the presentation of a theoretical model (TALC). The model offers a way of understanding how the dynamic relationship between trust and authority may have an influence on the way that leadership functions in the Australian cultural context.
Whilst it is hoped that the findings of this study may have immediate and important applications for COCWA, this researcher believes that this project provides some important insights that have the potential to be quite useful in other organizational contexts in Australia.
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Day, David Andrew. "Australia, Britain and the onset of the Pacific War, 1939-42 : an imperial relationship under stress." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250891.
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Razali, Karina National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Estimates and projections of HIV and Hepatitis C virus in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region." Publisher:University of New South Wales. National Centre in HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41095.
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The use of mathematical models in studying disease epidemics can be diverse, from the focused study of the role of a single determinant of the epidemic, or to the overall estimation of morbidity and mortality. In using simple deterministic models, a balance is struck between biological and social complexities, and the high data input demands of mathematical models. This thesis aims to apply the use of deterministic mathematical models to the studies of HIV and hepatitis C epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, about 85% of reported HIV cases are among homosexual men. Casual homosexual partnerships made up 40% of incident HIV cases in 1995 increasing to 65% in 2004. In the state of New South Wales, it was estimated that over 7,500 people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2005, increasing to over 10,000 by 2016 with existing levels of intervention. Intervention measures were estimated to have prevented some 44,500 cases, the majority being among injecting drug users through the Needle and Syringe Programmes. Models for the HIV epidemics in developing countries were also developed incorporating multiple routes of HIV transmission. For Papua New Guinea, it was estimated 64,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2005, rising to over 500,000 by 2025 with current levels of intervention. High levels of interventions, in particular increased condom use, will be required to achieve a stabilisation or reduction in HIV prevalence. In East Timor, the HIV epidemic is still in the early stages with 138 people estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, rising to 5,000 by 2025 with minimal intervention. For HCV, models of the epidemic in Australia showed HCV incidence peaking in 1999, followed by a decline reaching 9,700 incident cases in 2005. Of 197,000 estimated chronic HCV cases in 2005, 58% had stage F 0/1 liver disease, 15% F 2/3 liver disease, and 2% HCV-related cirrhosis. Models estimated 210 and 105 people developed HCV-related liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Comparisons of modelled HCV long-term sequelae projections with linkage data showed relatively good agreement, despite discrepancies in liver-related deaths. To decrease the number of chronic HCV, at least a tripling of treatment coverage would be required. These models provide estimates of the current levels of epidemics as well as projections of future scenarios under different intervention strategies, which have an important role in the planning of strategies, as well as assessment of previous epidemic conditions.
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Orders, Paul. "Britain, Australia, New Zealand and the expansion of American power in south-west Pacific, 1941-46." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266244.
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Thelin, Julia. "Environmental migration in the South Pacific : A frame analysis of policies in Australia and New Zealand." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416190.
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Gopurenko, David, and n/a. "Genetic Structure Within the Distribution of the Indo-West Pacific Mud Crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775)." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030926.124631.
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It is often hypothesised that marine species with mobile planktonic phases are capable of widespread dispersal and may therefore be genetically homogenous throughout their distribution. Studies that have demonstrated positive correlation between duration of plankton phase and levels of gene flow reinforce the prediction that life history characteristics of marine species determine the potential extent of genetic and demographic connectivity throughout their distributions. This prediction has however been challenged by studies that have employed genetic markers highly sensitive to both historical and contemporary demographic changes. Disparities between dispersal potential and measured levels of gene flow have been demonstrated both among historically disconnected ocean basins and within semi-enclosed areas of strong hydraulic connectivity. These studies and others highlight a need for greater focus on factors that may influence population structure and distribution for marine species. In this thesis, I have examined genetic structure within and among populations of an estuarine species of mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775) using a number of genetic markers and methods. The species is widely distributed throughout mangrove and estuarine habitats of the Indo - West Pacific (IWP); it is generally assumed that life-history characteristics of S. serrata promote high levels of population admixture and gene flow throughout its distribution. Alternatively, factors that have promoted population genetic structure for a variety of IWP marine species may also have affected S. serrata populations. By investigating genetic structure at several spatial scales of sampling, I was able to address a variety of hypotheses concerning the species distribution, dispersal, and genetic structure. Episodic changes to marine habitat and conditions experienced within the IWP during the Pleistocene may have affected genetic structure for a broad variety of marine taxa. The relative strength of this hypothesis may be assayed by comparative genetic studies of widespread IWP taxa with high dispersal capacity. In order to ascertain levels of historical and contemporary gene flow for S. serrata, I investigated the phylogeographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes sampled throughout the species range. Adults were sampled from three west Indian ocean locations (N=21), six west Pacific sites (N=68), and two sites from northern eastern Australia (N=35). Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of 549 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) coding gene identified 18 distinct haplotypes. Apart from that seen in northern Australia, haplotype diversity was low (h < 0.36) at each of the locations. Total nucleotide diversity in the entire sample (excluding northern Australian locations) was also low (p = 0.09). Haplotypes clustered into two clades separated by approximately 2% sequence divergence. One clade was widespread throughout the IWP (clade 1) whereas the other was strictly confined to northern Australia (clade 2). Genealogical assessment of sequenced haplotypes relative to their distributions suggested that a historical radiation of clade 1 S. serrata throughout the IWP occurred rapidly and recently (<1Myr bp) from a west Pacific origin. The evidence of fixed unique haplotypes at the majority of locations suggested that contemporary maternal gene flow between trans-oceanic sites was limited. Contrary to reports for other widespread species of IWP taxa, there was no evidence of lengthy periods of regional separation between Indian from Pacific Ocean populations. However, results may indicate a separation of northern Australian crabs from other locations before and during the IWP radiation. I speculated that this isolation might have resulted in the formation of a new species of Scylla. Additional sampling of mud crabs from the Australian coastline allowed an examination of the diversity and distribution of clade 1 and 2 haplotypes among recently formed shelf-connected coastal locations, and across a historical bio-geographic barrier. Over 300 individuals were sampled from multiple locations within coastal regions (western, northern and eastern) of Australia and analysed for mutational differences at the COI gene. Analysis of molecular variance partitioned by sampling scale (Among regions, within regions, and within all locations) indicated mitochondrial haplotypes were structured regionally (P < 0.001), which contrasted with evidence of genetic panmixia within regions. Regional genetic structure broadly correlated with hydrological circulation, supporting the contention that release and transport of propagules away from the estuary may allow genetic connectivity among widespread shelf-connected S. serrata populations. That similar patterns of maternal gene flow were absent among trans-oceanic populations may indicate that the spatial scale of effective dispersal for this species is generally limited to areas of coastal shelf. The two clades of haplotypes were geographically separated either side of the Torres Strait, a narrow sea channel connecting the northern and eastern regions of coastal Australia. This pattern of historical genetic separation was concordant with a number of other marine species across northern Australia, and might indicate a shared history of vicariance induced by eustasy. Alternatively, differences in diversity and distribution of the clades may be evidence of two independent expansions of clade 1 and 2 crab populations into Australian regions following post-glacial estuary formation. Overall, despite evidence of genetic panmixia within extensive sections of the Australian distribution, there was also evidence of significant barriers to maternal gene flow with both shallow and deep regional phylogeographic assortment of mtDNA haplotypes. The presence of these barriers indicated both historical and contemporary factors have imposed limits to effective dispersal by this species among coastal habitats. A subset of the Australian sample (8 locations, N = 188) was also examined for variation at five microsatellite loci developed specifically here for S. serrata. I examined variation among samples at each of the loci to: a) independently verify regional structure among crab populations previously detected using the mtDNA analysis; b) test for evidence of co-distributed non-interbreeding stocks of S. serrata within Australian waters by examining samples for segregation of alleles within microsatellite loci concordant with the two mtDNA clades. The frequency and distribution of alleles for each of the highly polymorphic microsatellites were homogenous at all levels of sample partitioning and contrasted sharply with the instances of both weak and strong regional phylogeographic assortment of mtDNA haplotypes. These contrasting results between different genomic markers were examined in relation to the species life history, and to differences in mutational rate and inheritance of the genetic markers. Several hypotheses may explain the disparity, however it is most likely that rampant homoplasy and high rates of mutation at the microsatellite in conjunction with large Ne at locations may be concerted to delay equilibrium between genetic drift and migration among populations at these highly polymorphic nuclear markers. There was also no evidence that alleles at microsatellite loci were co-segregated with mtDNA clades and therefore no evidence of segregated breeding between the clades of crabs. Whether or not this result was also driven by homoplasy at the microsatellites remains unknown. Recently established mud crab populations (~ 3-4 years old) observed in a number of southwest Australian estuaries are almost 1000 kilometres south of their previously recorded distribution on the Western Australian coast. Colonisation of the southwest region may have occurred either by a natural range expansion from northwest Australian mud crab populations or by means of translocation from any number of mud crab sources within the Indo - West Pacific. I used mtDNA analysis to verify the species and determine the potential source population(s) of the colonists, by comparing sampled genetic material from the southwest (N = 32) against that previously described for the genus. I also compared levels of diversity at mtDNA and two microsatellite loci between the colonist and suspected source population(s) to qualitatively determine if the southwest populations experienced reductions in genetic diversity as a result of the colonisation process. All colonist samples had S. serrata mtDNA COI sequences identical to one previously described as both prevalent and endemic to northwest Australia. High levels of genetic diversity among source and colonist populations at two microsatellite loci contrasted to the mitochondrial locus which displayed an absence of variation among colonists compared to moderately diverse source populations. I argued that the southwest was recently colonised by large numbers of S. serrata propagules derived from the northwest of Australia, possibly due to an enhanced recruitment event coinciding with the reported strengthening of the Leeuwin Current during 1999. Contrasting levels of diversity among nuclear and mitochondrial loci may be attributed to a difference in response by the two genomes to the colonisation process. I predict that such differences may be generally prevalent among plankton-dispersed species. Finally, I discuss aspects of the species distribution and biogeography obtained as a composite of the various results and ideas expressed in this thesis. I propose that S. serrata populations in the IWP may have experienced several cycles of extinction and population retraction from temperate areas followed by subsequent periods of colonisation and rapid coastal expansion in response to the effects of glacial episodes on coastal habitats in the IWP. I propose that persistence of this species as remnant populations of clade 1 and 2 crabs at equatorial locations during low sea level stands provided source populations for later expansions by the species into a variety of coastal areas throughout the IWP. Further analysis is required to determine if mtDNA clade 1 and 2 crabs are non-interbreeding species of mud crab.