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Статті в журналах з теми "P availability"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Clouqueur, Matthieu, and Wayne D. Grover. "Availability Analysis and Enhanced Availability Design in p-Cycle-Based Networks." Photonic Network Communications 10, no. 1 (July 2005): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-005-1695-x.

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2

Valadares, Samuel Vasconcelos, Víctor Hugo Alvarez V., Wedisson Oliveira Santos, Jefferson Luiz de Aguiar Paes, Caio Buainain Lins, and Roberto Ferreira Novais. "Sensitivity of Soil P Availability Tests to Ca-P in Oxisols." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48, no. 15 (August 22, 2017): 1834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2017.1395456.

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3

Petosić, D., V. Kovacević, and M. Josipović. "Phosphorus availability in hydromorphic soils of Eastern Croatia." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 9 (December 10, 2011): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4143-pse.

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The phosphorus (P) availability was tested on hydromorphic soils located in theSavavalley. 480 soil profiles covering the area of31 227 hawas analysed in our study. The plant available P was determined by the Ammonium-Lactate method. The P availability in the surface layer (0–30 cm) is very low (up to 5 mg P2O5/100 g of soil) in about 30% of the tested agricultural land (9 440 ha), next 32% (9 897 ha) is in the range of a low P availability (from 5.1 to 10 mg), while only 17% (5 445 ha) has a good or very good P availability (above 20 mg). Especially high frequency of low P availability was found in vertic gley, amphygley and hypogley soils (total8 680 haor 28% of tested agricultural land).

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4

KAHN, PETER, NICOLE WAGNER, and ROBERT A. GABBAY. "Limited Availability of Glucagon by Emergency Personnel." Diabetes 67, Supplement 1 (May 2018): 387—P. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db18-387-p.

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5

Semalulu, O., and R. I. Barnhisel. "AVAILABILITY OF P AND KIN RESTORED PRIME FARMLAND." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1996, no. 1 (1996): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr96010442.

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6

Marengo, G., and G. Premazzi. "Biological availability of P-loads to Lake Lugano." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 22, no. 5 (June 1985): 3351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1983.11897888.

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7

Mullins, G. L. "Plant availability of p in commercial superphosphate fertilizers." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 19, no. 13 (October 1988): 1509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628809368030.

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8

Singh, N., N. Moses, C. Taddei, F. Mota, T. Sementa, J. Bordoloi, D. Cash, et al. "P.457 Does ebselen decrease synaptic glutamate availability?" European Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (December 2019): S323—S324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.469.

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9

Zhi, Ruochen, Jian Deng, Yuling Xu, Miaoping Xu, Shuohong Zhang, Xinhui Han, Gaihe Yang, and Chengjie Ren. "Altered microbial P cycling genes drive P availability in soil after afforestation." Journal of Environmental Management 328 (February 2023): 116998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116998.

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10

Merlin, Alexandre, Zhenli Li He, and Ciro Antonio Rosolem. "Ruzigrass affecting soil-phosphorus availability." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 12 (December 2013): 1583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013001200007.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of ruzigrass (Urochloaruziziensis) in enhancing soil-P availability in areas fertilized with soluble or reactive rock phosphates. The area had been cropped for five years under no-till, in a system involving soybean, triticale/black-oat, and pearl millet. Previously to the five-year cultivation period, corrective phosphorus fertilization was applied once on soil surface, at 0.0 and 80 kg ha-1 P2O5, as triple superphosphate or Arad rock phosphate. After this five-year period, plots received the same corrective P fertilization as before and ruzigrass was introduced to the cropping system in the stead of the other cover crops. Soil samples were taken (0-10 cm) after ruzigrass cultivation and subjected to soil-P fractionation. Soybean was grown thereafter without P application to seed furrow. Phosphorus availability in plots with ruzigrass was compared to the ones with spontaneous vegetation for two years. Ruzigrass cultivation increased inorganic (resin-extracted) and organic (NaHCO3) soil P, as well as P concentration in soybean leaves, regardless of the P source. However, soybean yield did not increase significantly due to ruzigrass introduction to the cropping system. Soil-P availability did not differ between soluble and reactive P sources. Ruzigrass increases soil-P availability, especially where corrective P fertilization is performed.

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11

Labidi, Nehla, Manel Ammari, Sana Snoussi, Najoua Messelini, Fatma Gharbi, and C. Abdelly. "Stimulated growth rate by restriction of P availability at moderate salinity but insensitive to P availability at high salinity inCrithmum maritimum." Acta Biologica Hungarica 62, no. 3 (September 2011): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abiol.62.2011.3.9.

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12

Borges, Bernardo M. M. N., Matheus Sampaio C. Barreto, Paulo S. Pavinato, Ana Paula B. Teles, Mathias Strauss, Dalton B. Abdala, C. Barbosa Leandro, Priscila C. Alves, and Henrique C. J. Franco. "Chemical and spectroscopic evaluations supporting superior P availability after biochar-P fertilizer application." Soil and Tillage Research 223 (September 2022): 105487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2022.105487.

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13

Wan, Judy H. C., and Ming H. Wong. "Effects of earthworm activity and P-solubilizing bacteria on P availability in soil." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 167, no. 2 (April 2004): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200321252.

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14

Lynch, Jonathan. "1002 ADAPTATION OF BEAN SEEDLINGS TO LOW P AVAILABILITY." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 573b—573. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.573b.

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Low P availability is a primary limitation to plant growth on most native soils. Crop genotypes differ substantially in their ability to grow in low P soils. Understanding the physiological basis for such variation would be useful in developing genotypes with superior P efficiency, which would have utility in low-input systems and might permit more. efficient fertilizer use in high-input systems. In common bean (Phasecolus vulgaris), growth under P stress is reduced because of increased C costs of the root system. Genetic contrasts in P efficiency were not associated with reduced shoot requirement, mycorrhizal associations, chemical interactions with specific soil P pools, or root system size, but were associated with root system architecture. SimRoot, an explicit geometric model of bean root growth, confirmed that architectural traits can influence the relationship of root C costs and P acquisition. Root growth responds dynamically to P stress, through changes in the proliferation of lateral roots and the geotropic response of basal roots. Differences in root architecture arising from these growth responses to P stress may account for genetic differences in P efficiency.

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15

Redel, Yonathan D., Peteh M. Nkebiwe, Rudolf Schulz, and Torsten Müller. "Phosphate Amendments to Compost for Improving P Bio-Availability." Compost Science & Utilization 27, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2019.1571461.

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16

Abbade, Eduardo Botti. "Availability, access and utilization." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-05-2016-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the association between the levels of food utilization (FU), food availability, economic access (EA) and physical access (PA) to food in developing countries – the main dimensions underlying the concept of food security. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed available data from 57 developing countries. The variables investigated were: food availability (FA), EA to food measured through economic development, PA to food using the Logistics Performance Index as a proxy, and FU. The paper uses factorial, correlation and cluster analyses. Findings The results show that the dimensions of food security are strongly and positively correlated. PA has a moderate association with FU (ρS=0.5338 [p<0.001]; ρP=0.4252; [p<0.01]). EA has a strong association with FU (ρS=0.6998 [p<0.001]; ρP=0.6404; [p<0.01]). Moreover, cluster analysis suggests that some countries present significant urgencies regarding some of the food security dimensions considered. Research limitations/implications Cluster analysis has some limitations regarding the interpretations of the key findings. Moreover, many factors affect food security promotion; this paper addresses just a few of them. Practical implications Through a better alignment of food security dimensions worldwide, policy makers, as well as private sector actors, might achieve better conditions to reduce food waste or loss, supply a wider diversity of foods, reduce adverse environmental impacts, reduce logistics costs and, finally, reduce food prices. Originality/value This study outlines specific fragilities regarding the main dimensions of food security in developing economies. Thus, this study highlights that some countries need to focus urgently on certain, specific dimensions in order to promote the food security for their populaces.

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17

Andrian, Yanuar Euro, Anni Yuniarti, and Rina Devnita. "Pengaruh Aplikasi N, P dan K serta Pupuk Hayati terhadap P-Tersedia, Serapan P, dan Hasil Jagung Manis." soilrens 19, no. 1 (August 10, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/soilrens.v19i1.35087.

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Sweet corn is one of the profitable crops with high prospect in Indonesia. Unfornately corn production in Indonesia remained low. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of biofertilizer application along with N, P and K fertilizer Towards phosphor availability, phosphor uptake, and sweet corn yield. The research was conducted at the experimental field of Soil Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor from October 2020 until January 2021. The experiment design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments consisted of one control treatment, one N, P and K fertilizer treatment (300 kg/ha Urea, 150 kg/ha SP-36, dan 50 kg KCl), one N, P, and K ¾ + ¾ recommended biofertilizer dose , one dose of N, P, and K ¾ + one recommended biofertilizer dose, one N, P, and ¾ K dose + 1½ recommended biofertilizer dose , one dose of N, P, and one dose of K + ½ recommended biofertilizer dose, one N, P, and one K dose + ¾ recommended biofertilizer dose, one N, P, and one K dose + 1 recommended biofertilizer dose, and one N, P, and one K dose + 1½ recommended biofertilizer dose. The experimental results showed that combination treatments N, P and K fertilizer with biofertilizer has a significant impact on phosphor availability, phosphor uptake, and sweet corn yield. The ¾ N, P and K with one recommended biofertilizer dose, treatment showed the best result on phosphor availability (17,23 ppm), phosphor uptake (0,087 mg/plant), and yield of sweet corn 474,97 g/plant.

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18

Busato, Jader G., Daniel B. Zandonadi, Alan R. Mól, Rafaela S. Souza, Kamilla P. Aguiar, Fábio B. Reis Júnior, and Fábio L. Olivares. "Compost biofortification with diazotrophic and P-solubilizing bacteria improves maturation process and P availability." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, no. 3 (July 6, 2016): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7819.

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19

Gabriela, Mühlbachová, Čermák Pavel, Vavera Radek, Káš Martin, Pechová Miroslava, Marková Kateřina, Kusá Helena, Růžek Pavel, Hlušek Jaroslav, and Lošák Tomáš. "Boron availability and uptake under increasing phosphorus rates in a pot experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 11 (November 20, 2017): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/480/2017-pse.

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The boron (B) availability in soils, B uptake and possible B interactions with phosphorus (P) were studied in a pot experiment with increasing P rates. Three soil types of different characteristics were used for the experiment that lasted two years. The two soil tests were used in the experiment – Mehlich 3 and NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate. Significant positive correlations were found between barley dry matter yield, B content in plants and B uptake under increasing P treatments (P ≤ 0.001). The significant relationship for B content (P ≤ 0.001) was obtained between the used soil tests for all tested soils. A decrease of soil B content in soils under increasing P doses was determined. NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate soil test showed a significant relationship between B and P contents (P ≤ 0.001) within the studied soils in comparison with the Mehlich 3 method. Considering individual soils, the NH<sub>4</sub>-acetate test showed more often higher significance in comparison with the Mehlich 3 test. The interactions between P and B in soils should be taken in consideration when deciding about the phosphorus fertilization.

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20

Rao, Golusu Babu, Rajarathnavel Nagarajan, Murali Saravanan, and Nagarajan Baskaran. "Activity Pattern and Food Habits of Grizzled Giant Squirrel (<i>Ratufa macroura</i>) in Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 32 (January 20, 2015): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ebcb47.

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Activity pattern and food habits of Grizzled Giant Squirrel were investigated in Srivilliputhur Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary from December 2011 to March 2012. Focal animal sampling method was used to record the activity pattern and food habits. Sampling was done in three different habitats viz., Private land, Reserve forest and Temple land. Feeding was the dominant activity accounting for 35.4% of the activity period. Bimodal feeding pattern was observed in Squirrels, the observations were made from early morning hours to till (0600-1800) late evening hours. The Squirrels feed upon 23 plant species; among them 11 were trees species, 10 climbers and 2 shrubs. Seven types of plant parts were used by Squirrels. Leaf consumption was high (38%) followed by fruit (24%). The high consumption of leaves was due to easy availability of leaves and limited availability of other plant parts. Squirrel’s invasion into Private Land and Temple Land was observed which can be attributed to abundance and easy availability of food plants, canopy continuity and less predatory pressure.

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21

Sikora, Lawrence J., and Nancy K. Enkiri. "Availability of Compost P to Fescue Under Nonlimiting N Conditions." Compost Science & Utilization 12, no. 3 (June 2004): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1065657x.2004.10702193.

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22

de Neergaard, A., and J. Magid. "Detritusphere effects on P availability and C mineralization in soil." European Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 1 (September 29, 2014): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12179.

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23

Martin, M., L. Celi, and E. Barberis. "Extractability and plant availability of phosphate from p-goethite complexes." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33, no. 1-2 (January 30, 2002): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/css-120002383.

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24

Klock, Kimberly A., and Henry G. Taber. "Comparison of Bone Products for Phosphorus Availability." HortTechnology 6, no. 3 (July 1996): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.3.257.

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Three bone products (meat and bone meal, steamed bone meal, and bone chips) were compared to a water-soluble P source (monocalcium phosphate) for P availability and enhancement of tomato shoot growth. All bone products were finely ground to pass through a 40-mesh sieve. The products were added to a phosphorus-deficient greenhouse growing medium based on their P concentration with P at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg−1. Meat and bone meal produced the least shoot growth in 1992, but all products were similar in 1993. Growth peaked with P at 111 mg·kg−1 in 1992, but in 1993, P at 50 mg·kg−1 was sufficient. Shoot P uptake was in direct proportion to P availability in the soil mix, monocalcium phosphate having the highest shoot P content. Although bone products affected N, Ca, Zn, and Mn content in shoots, the magnitudes of differences were minor and inconsistent from 1992 to 1993. Major consideration for using a bone product are its relative cost of P, fineness of grind, and CaCO3 equivalent.

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25

Fay, Michael, and Lesley Williams. "Gender bias and the availability of business loans." Journal of Business Venturing 8, no. 4 (July 1993): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90005-p.

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26

Wang, Yanliang, Nicholas Clarke, and Anne Falk Øgaard. "Low phosphorus availability increases shoot boron concentration in canola and potato but not in wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 11 (November 1, 2018): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/526/2018-pse.

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A large proportion of global agricultural soils contain suboptimal available phosphorus (P) for the growth of many plant species. Boron (B) plays important roles in plant growth and development, but limited research has been conducted to study B uptake under low P availability. This study comprised a hydroponic and a mini-rhizobox experiment with canola (Brassica napus L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under P sufficient and deficient conditions. Boron concentrations, rhizosphere soil pH, and gene expression of BnBOR1 in canola were determined. Shoot B concentrations were found significantly increased (11–149%) by low P availability in potato and canola but not in wheat. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that BnBOR1;2a, BnBOR1;2c, and BnBOR1;3c were up-regulated after seven days of low P treatment in canola roots. Our results indicate that plant shoot B concentration was dramatically influenced by P availability, and dicots and monocots showed a contrasting B concentration response to low P availability.

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27

Sabaruddin, Marsi, and Desti. "Optimum Population Size of Indigenous P-solubilizing Bacteria to Correct P Availability in Acid Soils." Jurnal TANAH TROPIKA (Journal of Tropical Soils) 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.16.1.55.

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28

Sabaruddin, Marsi, and Desti. "Optimum Population Size of Indigenous P-solubilizing Bacteria to Correct P Availability in Acid Soils." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.55-62.

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Indonesian acid soils were used to determine an optimum population size of indigenous P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) for solubilizating fixed P. The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments. Sub-experiment I was to isolate the indigenous PSB from Ultisols, Fresh-water lowland Inceptisols, and tidal-swamp Inceptisols. Subexpriment II was to study the capacity of the isolated PSB to correct P availability in acid soils by inoculating the isolated PSB into the tested soils at 0, 105, 1010, and 1015 cells. The population of the indigenous PSB in the tested soils increased as a result of the inoculation. Both Al-P and Fe-P content in the three tested soils decreased as compared with the initial content. The increases of available P were significantly correlated with the decreases both in Al-P (r2 = 0.68 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.51 for the fresh-water Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.35 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols) and in Fe-P (r2 = 0.91 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.45 for the fresh-water lowland Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.78 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols). The increases of available P were significantly correlated with the increases of thepopulation of the PSB (r2 = 0.60 for the Ultisols; r2 = 0.55 for the fresh-water lowland Inceptisols; and r2 = 0.69 for the tidal-swamp Inceptisols). The available P in the three tested soils sharply increased if the population size of the PSB was about 1 × 109 cfu g-1 of soil.Keywords: Al-P, Fe-P, fresh-water lowland, isolated, Pikovskaya medium, tidal swamp

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29

Antoniadis, V., F. Hatzis, D. Bachtsevanidis, and S. D. Koutroubas. "Phosphorus Availability in Low-P and Acidic Soils as Affected by Liming and P Addition." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 46, no. 10 (April 15, 2015): 1288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2015.1033539.

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30

Della Mónica, I. F., M. S. Godoy, A. M. Godeas, and J. M. Scervino. "Fungal extracellular phosphatases: their role in P cycling under different pH and P sources availability." Journal of Applied Microbiology 124, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.13620.

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31

Mihanović, Luka, Pančo Ristov, and Goran Belamarić. "Use of new information technologies in the maintenance of ship systems." Pomorstvo 30, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.30.1.5.

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In order to increase efficiency, security, reliability and availability of systems, while simultaneously reducing operational cost of maintenance, use of new information technologies continues to grow steadily. New information technologies are implemented as an integral part of ship systems or as an independent system, such as cloud computing, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, diagnostic technology, software agents, etc. New information technologies allow optimal use of computer (general purpose, dedicated or industrial) aided ship systems, which results in the reduction of crew sizes and more efficient maintenance of ship systems. Finally, they allow shipping companies and marine equipment manufacturers to offer more competitive prices together with ensured level of reliability and availability of ship systems.

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32

Foereid, Bente. "Phosphorus availability in residues as fertilizers in organic agriculture." Agricultural and Food Science 26, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.59307.

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Phosphorus (P) should be recycled from organic wastes as much as possible, and input is needed in stockless organic agriculture. Seven organic residues were assessed and compared them to mineral P fertilizer and rock phosphate as fertilizer for barley. P availability in the mixtures and residual P availability were also assessed by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). The best availability was found in digested liquid manure followed by wood ash, fish sludge, composted solid manure and composted food waste. Meat and bone meal, the commercially available product Ladybug plus and rock phosphate had low P availability at the same level as no P. Only wood ash had significant P available for the next crop. The pH level of the soil did not affect P availability for any of the P sources. DGT predicted P availability moderately well, as it measures P supply over a short period without any biological factors.

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33

Herzel, Hannes, Vitalij Dombinov, Christian Vogel, Sabine Willbold, Gabriel Vettorazzi Levandowski, Martin Meiller, Felix Müller, et al. "Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895.

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The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction. We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.

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34

PÉREZ-CORONA, M. ESTHER, and JOS T. A. VERHOEVEN. "Effects of soil P status on growth and P and N uptake ofCarexspecies from fens differing in P-availability." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 45, no. 3 (September 1996): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00524.x.

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35

Santos, Débora M., Sara SP Rodrigues, Bruno MPM Oliveira, and Maria Daniel V. de Almeida. "Dietary availability in elderly Portuguese households." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 3 (April 24, 2014): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000494.

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AbstractObjectiveTo identify dietary availability and its time trends in elderly Portuguese households.DesignA set of four cross-sectional studies based on the Household Budget Surveys was used. The dietary data were described using the daily per capita availability of food and beverages, energy and selected nutrients (macronutrients, different lipid fractions and simple sugars). Differences between elderly household types and time trends were studied.SettingPortuguese Household Budget Survey data from 1989/1990, 1994/1995, 2000/2001 and 2005/2006.SubjectsHouseholds with members aged ≥65 years were selected and categorized as solitary elderly female, solitary elderly male or couple (composed of one elderly female and one elderly male).ResultsWhile cereals, fats/oils, potatoes and sugar/sugar products decreased, an increase occurred in milk/milk products, fruits, bottled water, fruit/vegetable juices and soft drinks (P<0·05). The highest values for foods and beverages were mostly found in couples, while the lowest ones were from solitary males. Exceptions were observed for cereals, eggs, milk/milk products, vegetables, fruits and non-alcoholic beverages, higher in solitary females; and for sugar/sugar products and alcoholic beverages, higher in solitary males. Over time, total energy and carbohydrates decreased while proteins and saturated fatty acids increased (P<0·001). Lipids increased in solitary males and couples (P<0·05). Simple sugars increased in solitary males but decreased in solitary females and couples (P<0·05).ConclusionsThe increases in fruits and vegetables in solitary females accord with a healthier food pattern, but overall imbalances in the macronutrient profile for all elderly households may imply a decreasing diet quality.

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36

Conyers, M. K., and P. W. Moody. "A conceptual framework for improving the P efficiency of organic farming without inputs of soluble P fertiliser." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 2 (2009): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp06327.

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The issues for P availability to agricultural plants are 3-fold: the solution concentration of P during early growth (intensity factor); the quantity of P in the soil ‘bank’ to meet plant and animal needs (capacity or quantity factor); and the rate at which P becomes available from mineral and organic sources (kinetic factor). These three needs can be met by: (1) applying traditional (manure, compost) and novel (biosuper) sources; (2) modifying or selecting plants for their root architecture, phytase activity, carboxylate excretion, and P translocation inefficiency; (3) encouraging rhizosphere conditions which favour phytase and carboxylase activity; (4) developing symbioses with mycorrhiza and Penicillium species; (5) developing exoenzyme products which release inositol P; (6) adjusting soil pH to 6–7 for maximum availability of native mineral P sources or lowering pH for maximum availability of reactive rock P; (7) developing rotations which maximise organic P cycling. These 7 broad groupings of strategies to improve P nutrition each operate by 1 or more of the 3 mechanisms of quantity, intensity, and kinetic factors. The possible application of these strategies to ‘organic’ farming is outlined in this review. However, a successful application of these strategies might also improve the P efficiency of conventional agriculture.

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37

Chen, Xiaoliang, Fan Ji, and Zuqing Zhu. "Service Availability Oriented p-Cycle Protection Design in Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 6, no. 10 (September 25, 2014): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.6.000901.

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38

Berge, D., and T. Källqvist. "Biological availability of various P-sources studied in different test systems." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 26, no. 5 (June 1998): 2401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11901181.

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39

Kim, Sunyun, Hyunmyung Kim, Belle Chang, Namhui Ahn, Suha Hwang, Gilbert Di Paolo, Sunghoe Chang, et al. "Regulation of transferrin recycling kinetics by PtdIns[4,5]P 2 availability." FASEB Journal 20, no. 13 (September 28, 2006): 2399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.05-4621fje.

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40

Taylor, R. W., P. V. Lindo, J. W. Shuford, D. C. Adriano, and K. S. Sajwan. "Availability to crops of residual p from a sludge‐treated soil." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 33, no. 6 (August 1998): 1075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529809376777.

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41

O’halloran, I. P., J. W. B. Stewart, and E. De Jong. "Changes in P forms and availability as influenced by management practices." Plant and Soil 100, no. 1-3 (February 1987): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02370935.

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42

Dubey, Ashwani Kumar, and Omprakash Sahu. "Extraction of Eucalyptus Oil as Reduction of Bacterial Growth in Drinking Water." International Letters of Natural Sciences 16 (May 30, 2014): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-b394t6.

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Drinking water is acting as life line for living thing on the Earth, without that no life. Due to global industrialization availability of pure water is one of the major issues. The effluent are directly or indirectly discharge through the river stream, which affect the ground as well as sea water and climatically cycle water reach to us. In that condition medicine are required for quire purpose. In the world so many plants and herbs are available which are used as antimicrobial and sources of medicines. Today the large number of drugs in use is derived from plants. The important advantages for therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in various ailments are their safety besides being economical, effective and easy availability. In this regard’s herb plant Eucalyptus extracted oil is used as antibacterial agent to treat the drinking water.

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43

Ratliff, Tera J., and Melany C. Fisk. "Phosphatase activity is related to N availability but not P availability across hardwood forests in the northeastern United States." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 94 (March 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.009.

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44

Mitton, Francesca M., Mariana Gonzalez, Aránzazu Peña, and Karina S. B. Miglioranza. "Effects of amendments on soil availability and phytoremediation potential of aged p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD residues by willow plants (Salix sp.)." Journal of Hazardous Materials 203-204 (February 2012): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.080.

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45

Jobe, Babou O., Shiow-Long Tsai, and Zeng Y. Hseu. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPOST PH BUFFER CAPACITY AND P CONTENT ON P AVAILABILITY IN A VIRGIN ULTISOL." Soil Science 172, no. 1 (January 2007): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000235851.94062.78.

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46

Klaus A, Jarosch, Santner Jakob, Parvage Mohammed Masud, Gerzabek Martin Hubert, Zehetner Franz, and Kirchmann Holger. "Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 9 (September 13, 2018): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/313/2018-pse.

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Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H<sub>2</sub>O (water extractable P); (2) P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-C<sub>DGT</sub> (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> > P-C<sub>DGT</sub> > P-H<sub>2</sub>O > P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

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47

Kumar, Manoj. "Evaluation of phosphorus availability indices in acid Alfisols." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10089.

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To identify the most appropriate method of available phosphorus extraction from acid Alfisols of north east India, greenhouse pot experiments were conducted with two acid Alfisols (non-limed and limed), amended with six doses of P fertilization. Maize (Zea mays), as the test crop, was grown for 45 days, and the plant response was regressed against soil P availability estimated using 07 chemical extractants viz. Bray-1, Bray-2, Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Olsen’s reagent, water, and CaCl2. Suitability of extractants was adjudged based on their predictive ability (R2 values). Bray-1, Bray-2 and Mehlich-3 were the best predictors of plant dry matter yield and P uptake in both the soils, with their predictive ability being very close to each other. Mehlich-3 P was strongly correlated with Bray-1 values (r = 0.90** and 0.99** in untreated and limed soil, respectively). Limed soil had 33, 37 and 47% less Bray-1, Bray-2 and Mehlich-3 P, compared to non-limed soil. Averaged across the three best extractants (i.e. Bray-1, Bray-2, and Mehlich-3), critical P availability in limed soil was 32% lower than in untreated soil. Critical limits of plant P concentration ranged from 0.20 to 0.24%. Similar effectiveness in available P extraction and strong correlations between Bray-1 and Mehlich-3 values suggest that Mehlich-3 can effectively replace Bray-1 extractant without affecting the reliability of P testing in acid soils. Being a multinutrient extractant, adoption of Mehlich-3 can improve the rapidity and economy of soil testing.

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Cerdan-Garcia, E., A. Baylay, D. Polyviou, E. M. S. Woodward, L. Wrightson, C. Mahaffey, M. C. Lohan, C. M. Moore, T. S. Bibby, and J. C. Robidart. "Transcriptional responses of Trichodesmium to natural inverse gradients of Fe and P availability." ISME Journal 16, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01151-1.

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AbstractThe filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is responsible for a significant fraction of marine di-nitrogen (N2) fixation. Growth and distribution of Trichodesmium and other diazotrophs in the vast oligotrophic subtropical gyres is influenced by iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) availability, while reciprocally influencing the biogeochemistry of these nutrients. Here we use observations across natural inverse gradients in Fe and P in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASG) to demonstrate how Trichodesmium acclimates in situ to resource availability. Transcriptomic analysis identified progressive upregulation of known iron-stress biomarker genes with decreasing Fe availability, and progressive upregulation of genes involved in the acquisition of diverse P sources with decreasing P availability, while genes involved in N2 fixation were upregulated at the intersection under moderate Fe and P availability. Enhanced N2 fixation within the Fe and P co-stressed transition region was also associated with a distinct, consistent metabolic profile, including the expression of alternative photosynthetic pathways that potentially facilitate ATP generation required for N2 fixation with reduced net oxygen production. The observed response of Trichodesmium to availability of both Fe and P supports suggestions that these biogeochemically significant organisms employ unique molecular, and thus physiological responses as adaptations to specifically exploit the Fe and P co-limited niche they construct.

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49

FU, BIN, YUMEI HUO, and HAIRONG ZHAO. "MAKESPAN MINIMIZATION WITH MACHINE AVAILABILITY CONSTRAINTS." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 01, no. 02 (June 2009): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830909000129.

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We investigate the problems of scheduling n jobs to m machines with availability constraints. We consider two different models of availability constraints: the preventive model where the unavailability is due to preventive machine maintenance, and the fixed job model where the unavailability is due to a priori assignment of some of the n jobs to certain machines at certain times. In both models, the objective is to minimize the makespan. We assume that m is a constant, and if a job is interrupted by the unavailable interval, it can be resumed after the machine becomes available. For fixed job model, we show there is an FPTAS. For the preventive model, we show that if at least one machine is always available, then the PTAS for Multiple Subset Sum problem given by Kellerer can be applied to get a PTAS; otherwise, every machine has some unavailable intervals, we show that if (m - 1) machines each of which has unavailable intervals with total length bounded by α(n) · P sum /m where P sum is the total processing time of all jobs and α(n) can be any non-negative function, we can develop a (1 + α(n) + ∊)-approximation algorithm for any constant 0 < ∊ < 1; further we show that there does not exist any polynomial time (1 + α(n) - o(1))-approximation unless P = NP.

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50

Zhang, Xiuzhi, Ping Zhu, Chang Peng, Hongjun Gao, Qiang Li, Jinjing Zhang, and Qaing Gao. "Phosphorus distribution and availability within soil water-stable aggregates as affected by long-term fertilisation." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 11 (November 2, 2020): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/394/2020-pse.

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A field experiment lasting 37 years was conducted to evaluate the applications of different rates of pig manure and mineral fertilisers alone or in combination impacts on total phosphorus (P<sub>total</sub>) and Olsen phosphorus (P<sub>Olsen</sub>) contents and phosphorus activity coefficient (PAC, percentage of P<sub>Olsen</sub> to P<sub>total</sub>) within soil water-stable aggregates (WSA) in a Mollisol of Northeast China. The contents of P<sub>total</sub> and P<sub>Olsen</sub> associated with different size classes of WSA significantly (P < 0.05) increased with an increasing rate of applied P. The application of manure alone or combined with mineral fertilisers significantly increased PAC value associated with different size classes of WSA. There were positive correlations between P<sub>total</sub> and P<sub>Olsen</sub> contents with soil organic carbon (SOC) content within soil WSA. As SOC content increased 1 g/kg, P<sub>total</sub> and P<sub>Olsen</sub> contents increased 0.06–0.10 g/kg and 7.69–22.2 mg/kg, respectively, and the increase was larger in smaller size classes of WSA. The results suggested that a high manure rate combined with mineral fertilisers is more beneficial for increasing soil phosphorus content and availability. SOC is a vital factor controlling phosphorus content and availability within soil WSA.

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