Статті в журналах: "Oxylipin pathway"

1

Creelman, Robert A., and Rao Mulpuri. "The Oxylipin Pathway in Arabidopsis." Arabidopsis Book 1 (January 2002): e0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1199/tab.0012.

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2

Edin, Matthew L., Fred B. Lih, Bruce D. Hammock, Scott Thomson, Darryl C. Zeldin, and David Bishop-Bailey. "Vascular Lipidomic Profiling of Potential Endogenous Fatty Acid PPAR Ligands Reveals the Coronary Artery as Major Producer of CYP450-Derived Epoxy Fatty Acids." Cells 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9051096.

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A number of oxylipins have been described as endogenous PPAR ligands. The very short biological half-lives of oxylipins suggest roles as autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules. While coronary arterial atherosclerosis is the root of myocardial infarction, aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation is a common readout of in vivo atherosclerosis studies in mice. Improved understanding of the compartmentalized sources of oxylipin PPAR ligands will increase our knowledge of the roles of PPAR signaling in diverse vascular tissues. Here, we performed a targeted lipidomic analysis of ex vivo-generated oxylipins from porcine aorta, coronary artery, pulmonary artery and perivascular adipose. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids were the most abundant detectable oxylipin from all tissues. By contrast, the coronary artery produced significantly higher levels of oxylipins from CYP450 pathways than other tissues. The TLR4 ligand LPS induced prostanoid formation in all vascular tissue tested. The 11-HETE, 15-HETE, and 9-HODE were also induced by LPS from the aorta and pulmonary artery but not coronary artery. Epoxy fatty acid (EpFA) formation was largely unaffected by LPS. The pig CYP2J homologue CYP2J34 was expressed in porcine vascular tissue and primary coronary artery smooth muscle cells (pCASMCs) in culture. Treatment of pCASMCs with LPS induced a robust profile of pro-inflammatory target genes: TNFα, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and CD40L. The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU, which prevents the breakdown of endogenous CYP-derived EpFAs, significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory target genes. In conclusion, PPAR-activating oxylipins are produced and regulated in a vascular site-specific manner. The CYP450 pathway is highly active in the coronary artery and capable of providing anti-inflammatory oxylipins that prevent processes of inflammatory vascular disease progression.

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Chehab, E. Wassim, John V. Perea, Banu Gopalan, Steve Theg, and Katayoon Dehesh. "Oxylipin Pathway in Rice and Arabidopsis." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49, no. 1 (January 2007): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00405.x.

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4

Mastrogiovanni, Mauricio, Andrés Trostchansky, Hugo Naya, Raúl Dominguez, Carla Marco, Mònica Povedano, Rubèn López-Vales, and Homero Rubbo. "HPLC-MS/MS Oxylipin Analysis of Plasma from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients." Biomedicines 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030674.

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Oxylipins play a critical role in regulating the onset and resolution phase of inflammation. Despite inflammation is a pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the plasma oxylipin profile of ALS patients has not been assessed yet. Herein, we develop an oxylipin profile-targeted analysis of plasma from 74 ALS patients and controls. We found a significant decrease in linoleic acid-derived oxylipins in ALS patients, including 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 13-HODE. These derivatives have been reported as important regulators of inflammation on different cell systems. In addition, some 5-lipoxygenase metabolites, such as 5-hydroxy- eicosatetraenoic acid also showed a significant decrease in ALS plasma samples. Isoprostanes of the F2α family were detected only in ALS patients but not in control samples, while the hydroxylated metabolite 11-HETE significantly decreased. Despite our effort to analyze specialized pro-resolving mediators, they were not detected in plasma samples. However, we found the levels of 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, a marker pathway of the Maresin biosynthesis, were also reduced in ALS patients, suggesting a defective activation in the resolution programs of inflammation in ALS. We further analyze oxylipin concentration levels in plasma from ALS patients to detect correlations between these metabolites and some clinical parameters. Interestingly, we found that plasmatic levels of 13-HODE and 9-HODE positively correlate with disease duration, expressed as days since onset. In summary, we developed a method to analyze “(oxy)lipidomics” in ALS human plasma and found new profiles of metabolites and novel lipid derivatives with unknown biological activities as potential footprints of disease onset.

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5

Jiang, Yi, Xinlong Tang, Yali Wang, Wei Chen, Yunxing Xue, Hailong Cao, Bomin Zhang, et al. "Serum Oxylipin Profiles Identify Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection." Metabolites 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070587.

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Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease with a dismal prognosis. Inflammation plays an important role in AD. Oxylipins are bioactive lipids involved in the modulation of inflammation and may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. This study aims to identify possible metabolites related to AD. A total of 10 type A Aortic dissection (TAAD) patients, 10 type B Aortic dissection (TBAD) patients and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Over 100 oxylipin species were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Our investigation demonstrated substantial alterations in 91 oxylipins between AD and healthy individuals. Patients with TAAD had 89 entries accessible compared to healthy controls. According to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), fitness (R2X = 0.362 and R2Y = 0.807, p = 0.03) and predictability (Q2 = 0.517, p = 0.005) are the validation parameters between the two groups. Using multivariate logistic regression, 13-HOTrE and 16(17)-EpDPE were the risk factors in the aortic patients group compared to healthy people (OR = 2.467, 95%CI:1.256–7.245, p = 0.035; OR = 0.015, 95%CI:0.0002–0.3240, p = 0.016, respectively). In KEGG enrichment of differential metabolites, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway has the most metabolites involved. We established a diagnostic model in distinguishing between AD and healthy people. The AUC was 0.905. Oxylipins were significantly altered in AD patients, suggesting oxylipin profile is expected to exploit a novel, non-invasive, objective diagnosis for AD.

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6

Camera, Sylvain La, Claudine Balagué, Cornelia Göbel, Pierrette Geoffroy, Michel Legrand, Ivo Feussner, Dominique Roby, and Thierry Heitz. "The Arabidopsis Patatin-Like Protein 2 (PLP2) Plays an Essential Role in Cell Death Execution and Differentially Affects Biosynthesis of Oxylipins and Resistance to Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 4 (April 2009): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-4-0469.

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We previously reported that patatin-like protein 2 (PLP2), a pathogen-induced patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase, promotes cell death and negatively affects Arabidopsis resistance to the fungus Botrytis cinerea and to the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. We show here that, on the contrary, PLP2 contributes to resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus, an obligate parasite inducing the hypersensitive response. These contrasted impacts on different pathosystems were also reflected by differential effects on defense gene induction. To examine a possible link between PLP2 lipolytic activity and oxylipin metabolism, gene expression profiling was performed and identified B. cinerea among these pathogens as the strongest inducer of most oxylipin biosynthetic genes. Quantitative oxylipin profiling in wild-type and PLP2-modified, Botrytis-challenged plants established the massive accumulation of oxidized fatty acid derivatives in infected leaves. Several compounds previously described as modulating plant tissue damage and issued from the α-dioxygenase pathway were found to accumulate in a PLP2-dependent manner. Finally, the contribution of PLP2 to genetically controlled cell death was evaluated using PLP2-silenced or -overexpressing plants crossed with the lesion mimic mutant vascular-associated death 1 (vad1). Phenotypic analysis of double-mutant progeny showed that PLP2 expression strongly promotes necrotic symptoms in vad1 leaves. Collectively, our data indicate that PLP2 is an integral component of the plant cell death execution machinery, possibly providing fatty acid precursors for the biosynthesis of specific oxylipins and differentially affecting resistance to pathogens with distinct lifestyles.

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7

Hamberg, Mats, and Harold W. Gardner. "Oxylipin pathway to jasmonates: biochemistry and biological significance." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1165, no. 1 (November 1992): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(92)90069-8.

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8

Thompson, Maranda, Arzu Ulu, Ana G. Yuil-Valdes, Maheswari Mukherjee, Melissa Thoene, Matthew Van Ormer, Rebecca Slotkowski, et al. "Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins from the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Plasma at Delivery and Their Relationship with Infant Growth." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020708.

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Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman’s correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They were then adjusted for maternal obesity (normal body mass index (BMI: ≤30 kg/m2) vs. obese BMI (>30 kg/m2) and smoking status (never vs. current/former smoker) using linear regression modeling. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our study demonstrated a diverse panel of oxylipins from the lipoxygenase pathway present at the time of delivery. In addition, both omega-3 and omega-6 oxylipins demonstrated potential influences on the birth length and weight percentiles. The oxylipins present during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and development, suggesting potential metabolites to be used as biomarkers for infant outcomes.

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9

Gao, Xiquan, Won-Bo Shim, Cornelia Göbel, Susan Kunze, Ivo Feussner, Robert Meeley, Peter Balint-Kurti, and Michael Kolomiets. "Disruption of a Maize 9-Lipoxygenase Results in Increased Resistance to Fungal Pathogens and Reduced Levels of Contamination with Mycotoxin Fumonisin." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 8 (August 2007): 922–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-8-0922.

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Plant oxylipins, produced via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, function as signals in defense and development. In fungi, oxylipins are potent regulators of mycotoxin biosynthesis and sporogenesis. Previous studies showed that plant 9-LOX-derived fatty acid hydroperoxides induce conidiation and mycotoxin production. Here, we tested the hypothesis that oxylipins produced by the maize 9-LOX pathway are required by pathogens to produce spores and mycotoxins and to successfully colonize the host. Maize mutants were generated in which the function of a 9-LOX gene, ZmLOX3, was abolished by an insertion of a Mutator transposon in its coding sequence, which resulted in reduced levels of several 9-LOX-derived hydroperoxides. Supporting our hypothesis, conidiation and production of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 by Fusarium verticillioides were drastically reduced in kernels of the lox3 mutants compared with near-isogenic wild types. Similarly, conidia production and disease severity of anthracnose leaf blight caused by Colletotrichum graminicola were significantly reduced in the lox3 mutants. Moreover, lox3 mutants displayed increased resistance to southern leaf blight caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus and stalk rots caused by both F. verticillioides and C. graminicola. These data strongly suggest that oxylipin metabolism mediated by a specific plant 9-LOX isoform is required for fungal pathogenesis, including disease development and production of spores and mycotoxins.

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10

Matsui, Kenji. "Green leaf volatiles: hydroperoxide lyase pathway of oxylipin metabolism." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 9, no. 3 (June 2006): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2006.03.002.

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11

Tsuji, Tadataka, Valerie Bussberg, Allison M. MacDonald, Niven R. Narain, Michael A. Kiebish, and Yu-Hua Tseng. "Transplantation of Brown Adipose Tissue with the Ability of Converting Omega-6 to Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteracts High-Fat-Induced Metabolic Abnormalities in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105321.

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A balanced omega (ω)-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio has been linked to metabolic health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) specializes in energy expenditure and secretes signaling molecules that regulate metabolism via inter-organ crosstalk. Recent studies have uncovered that BAT produces different PUFA species and circulating oxylipin levels are correlated with BAT-mediated energy expenditure in mice and humans. However, the impact of BAT ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs on metabolic phenotype has not been fully elucidated. The Fat-1 transgenic mice can convert ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs. Here, we demonstrated that mice receiving Fat-1 BAT transplants displayed better glucose tolerance and higher energy expenditure. Expression of genes involved in thermogenesis and nutrient utilization was increased in the endogenous BAT of mice receiving Fat-1 BAT, suggesting that the transplants may activate recipients’ BAT. Using targeted lipidomic analysis, we found that the levels of several ω-6 oxylipins were significantly reduced in the circulation of mice receiving Fat-1 BAT transplants than in mice with wild-type BAT transplants. The major altered oxylipins between the WT and Fat-1 BAT transplantation were ω-6 arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins via the lipoxygenase pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest an important role of BAT-derived oxylipins in combating obesity-related metabolic disorders.

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12

Fan, Rong, Shalom Thomas, Mikyoung You, Zhuoheng Li, Brandt Bessell, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Tomáš Helikar, Zhenhua Liu, and Soonkyu Chung. "Fish Oil Intake During Gestation and Lactation Attenuated STZ-Induced Diabetes in Male Offspring via Activation of Brown Fat and Modulating Oxylipin Profile." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.024.

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Abstract Objectives Fish oil (FO) has been demonstrated to activate brown thermogenesis and attenuate inflammation in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Previously, we have reported that maternal FO supplementation promotes BAT activity of the weaned mice pups. However, whether maternal FO intake could confer sustainable metabolic benefits to offspring remains uncovered. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differential impact of maternal FO during pregnancy versus lactation on BAT transcriptome and evaluate the role of bioactive lipid metabolites derived from maternal FO supplementation on the extended metabolic benefits of older pups in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods BAT samples were collected for RNA sequencing at birth and weaning in the pups with or without maternal FO supplementation. Transcriptomic data were analyzed for profiling of differential expression genes (DEGs) and pathway enrichment analysis. The separate set of 8-week-old male pups with or without maternal FO were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D). In these animals, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and plasma levels of oxylipins were assessed. The expression levels of thermogenesis-related genes, inflammatory markers, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were measured in the BATs. Results The RNA-seq analysis revealed that FO intake throughout pregnancy and lactation, but not gestation only, significantly altered BAT transcriptome by upregulating glucose and lipid metabolism pathways and downregulating apoptosis-related pathways. The n-6/n-3 ratio maintained lowered in the 8-week-old pups with maternal fish oil. Consequently, the pups with maternal FO 1) provided the resistance to STZ-induced T1D, 2) promoted thermogenesis-related gene expression and mitochondrial respiratory protein complex in the BAT, 3) reduced proinflammatory oxylipin production compared with the control mice. Conclusions Our results suggested that maternal FO intake in pregnancy and lactation, at least partly, protects against the risk of T1D of the offspring through augmented BAT function and anti-inflammatory oxylipin production. Funding Sources National Institute of Health (NIH), Project #7R21HD094273-02.

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13

Hanano, Abdulsamie, Ibrahem Almousally, Mouhnad Shaban, and Elizabeth Blee. "A Caleosin-Like Protein with Peroxygenase Activity Mediates Aspergillus flavus Development, Aflatoxin Accumulation, and Seed Infection." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 18 (June 26, 2015): 6129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00867-15.

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ABSTRACTCaleosins are a small family of calcium-binding proteins endowed with peroxygenase activity in plants. Caleosin-like genes are present in fungi; however, their functions have not been reported yet. In this work, we identify a plant caleosin-like protein inAspergillus flavusthat is highly expressed during the early stages of spore germination. A recombinant purified 32-kDa caleosin-like protein supported peroxygenase activities, including co-oxidation reactions and reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides. Deletion of the caleosin gene prevented fungal development. Alternatively, silencing of the gene led to the increased accumulation of endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides and antioxidant activities but to a reduction of fungal growth and conidium formation. Two key genes of the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway,aflRandaflD, were downregulated in the strains in whichA. flavusPXG(AfPXG) was silenced, leading to reduced aflatoxin B1 productionin vitro. Application of caleosin/peroxygenase-derived oxylipins restored the wild-type phenotype in the strains in whichAfPXGwas silenced.PXG-deficientA. flavusstrains were severely compromised in their capacity to infect maize seeds and to produce aflatoxin. Our results uncover a new branch of the fungal oxylipin pathway and may lead to the development of novel targets for controlling fungal disease.

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14

Grechkin, Alexander N., Anna V. Ogorodnikova, Alevtina M. Egorova, Fakhima K. Mukhitova, Tatiana M. Ilyina, and Bulat I. Khairutdinov. "Allene Oxide Synthase Pathway in Cereal Roots: Detection of Novel Oxylipin Graminoxins." ChemistryOpen 7, no. 5 (May 2018): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/open.201800045.

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15

Yeung, Jennifer, Pilar Fernandez-Perez, Joanne Vesci, Theodore R. Holman, Jin Ren та Michael Holinstat. "12-HETrE, a Novel 12-LOX Oxylipin, Prevents Platelet Activation in a Gαs-like Manner". Blood 124, № 21 (6 грудня 2014): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1436.1436.

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Abstract Platelet-mediated thrombosis is the primary underlying mechanism leading to cardiovascular life-threatening clinical events. Control of excessive platelet responses is an essential aspect of antithrombotic therapy. A number of anti-platelet drugs have been developed to target specific signaling pathways or endpoints involved in platelet activation. Despite the effectiveness of current anti-platelet therapies, uncontrolled thrombosis or bleeding complications still persist. We had proposed a potential novel therapeutic approach by which oxylipins generated by 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) oxidation of ω-6 could modulate platelet reactivity. We observed 12-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12-HETrE), a 12-LOX oxidized oxylipin of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), significantly attenuated human platelet activation. We then verified that DGLA oxidation to 12-HETrE depended on functional platelet 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) in our transgenic mouse model deficient in 12-LOX enzyme in the platelets (12-LOX-/-). To determine whether 12-HETrE could be inducing its inhibitory regulation in a GPCR-like manner by which it could potentially be behaving similarly to prostacyclin to activate adenylyl cyclase and increase cAMP through the Gs pathway, we measured cAMP level in the presence of 12-HETrE. We observed 12-HETrE significantly increased cAMP levels. We investigated a downstream effector of cAMP, such as VASP 157 phopshorylation, which is a PKA substrate. Also observed both Rap1 and GPIIbIIa activation to be attenuated in the presence 12-HETrE, confirming our aggregation result. This the first study to show the signaling mechanism of 12-HETrE which is dependent on active 12-LOX oxidation of DGLA to regulate platelet reactivity in a Gs-like manner. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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16

d'Ippolito, Giuliana, Adele Cutignano, Raffaella Briante, Ferdinando Febbraio, Guido Cimino, and Angelo Fontana. "New C16 fatty-acid-based oxylipin pathway in the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3, no. 22 (2005): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b510640k.

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17

Chechetkin, Ivan R., Natalia V. Medvedeva, and Alexander N. Grechkin. "The novel pathway for ketodiene oxylipin biosynthesis in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1686, no. 1-2 (November 2004): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.07.001.

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Savchenko, Tatyana, Denis Yanykin, Andrew Khorobrykh, Vasily Terentyev, Vyacheslav Klimov, and Katayoon Dehesh. "The hydroperoxide lyase branch of the oxylipin pathway protects against photoinhibition of photosynthesis." Planta 245, no. 6 (March 16, 2017): 1179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2674-z.

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Azbukina, Nadezhda V., Dmitry V. Chistyakov, Sergei V. Goriainov, Vladislav I. Kotelin, Elena V. Fedoseeva, Sergey Yu Petrov, Marina G. Sergeeva, Elena N. Iomdina, and Evgeni Yu Zernii. "Targeted Lipidomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor Reveals Signaling Lipid-Mediated Pathways in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma." Biology 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070658.

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Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to hindered aqueous humor (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathway. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipins are signaling lipids regulating neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and AH outflow. Among them, prostaglandins have been previously implicated in glaucoma and employed for its treatment. This study addressed the role of signaling lipids in glaucoma by determining their changes in AH accompanying IOP growth and progression of the disease. Eye liquids were collected from patients with POAG of different stages and cataract patients without glaucoma. Lipids were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. The compounds discriminating glaucoma groups were recognized using ANCOVA and PLS-DA statistic approaches and their biosynthetic pathways were predicted by bioinformatics. Among 22 signaling lipids identified in AH, stage/IOP-dependent alterations in glaucoma were provided by a small set of mediators, including 12,13-DiHOME, 9- and 13-HODE/KODE, arachidonic acid and lyso-PAF. These observations correlated with the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and phospholipases A2 in the ocular tissues. Interestingly, tear fluid exhibited similar lipidomic alterations in POAG. Overall, POAG may involve arachidonic acid/PAF-dependent pathways and oxidative stress as evidenced from an increase in its markers, KODEs and 12,13-DiHOME. The latter is a product of CYPs, one of which, CYP1B1, is known as POAG and primary congenital glaucoma-associated gene. These data provide novel targets for glaucoma treatment. Oxylipin content of tear fluid may have diagnostic value in POAG.

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van Spronsen, Paulina C., Teun Tak, Anita M. M. Rood, Anton A. N. van Brussel, Jan W. Kijne, and Kees J. M. Boot. "Salicylic Acid Inhibits Indeterminate-Type Nodulation But Not Determinate-Type Nodulation." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 1 (January 2003): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.1.83.

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LCOs (lipochitin oligosaccharides, Nod factors) produced by the rhizobial symbiote of Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (vetch, an indeterminate-type nodulating plant) are mitogenic when carrying an 18:4 acyl chain but not when carrying an 18:1 acyl chain. This suggests that the 18:4 acyl chain specifically contributes to signaling in indeterminate-type nodulation. In a working hypothesis, we speculated that the 18:4 acyl chain is involved in oxylipin signaling comparable to, for example, signaling by derivatives of the 18:3 fatty acid linolenic acid (the octadecanoid pathway). Because salicylic acid (SA) is known to interfere with oxylipin signaling, we tested whether nodulation of vetch could be affected by addition of 10−4 M SA. This concentration completely blocked nodulation of vetch by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and inhibited the mitogenic effect of 18:4 LCOs but did not affect LCO-induced root-hair deformation. SA did not act systemically, and only biologically active SA derivatives were capable of inhibiting nodule formation. SA also inhibited R. leguminosarum bv. viciae association with vetch roots. In contrast, addition of SA to Lotus japonicus (a determinate-type nodulating plant responding to 18:1 LCOs) did not inhibit nodulation by Mesorhizobium loti. Other indeterminate-type nodulating plants showed the same inhibiting response toward SA, whereas SA did not inhibit the nodulation of other determinate-type nodulating plants. SA may be a useful tool for studying fundamental differences between signal transduction pathways of indeterminate- and determinate-type nodulating plants.

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Avdiushko, S., KPC Croft, G. C. Brown, D. M. Jackson, T. R. Hamilton-Kemp, and D. Hildebrand. "Effect of Volatile Methyl Jasmonate on the Oxylipin Pathway in Tobacco, Cucumber, and Arabidopsis." Plant Physiology 109, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 1227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.4.1227.

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Tong, Xiaohong, Jinfeng Qi, Xudong Zhu, Bizeng Mao, Longjun Zeng, Baohui Wang, Qun Li, et al. "The rice hydroperoxide lyase OsHPL3 functions in defense responses by modulating the oxylipin pathway." Plant Journal 71, no. 5 (June 18, 2012): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05027.x.

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Montillet, Jean-Luc, Nathalie Leonhardt, Samuel Mondy, Sylvain Tranchimand, Dominique Rumeau, Marie Boudsocq, Ana Victoria Garcia, et al. "An Abscisic Acid-Independent Oxylipin Pathway Controls Stomatal Closure and Immune Defense in Arabidopsis." PLoS Biology 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2013): e1001513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001513.

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Savchenko, Tatyana, Ian S. Pearse, Laura Ignatia, Richard Karban, and Katayoon Dehesh. "Insect herbivores selectively suppress the HPL branch of the oxylipin pathway in host plants." Plant Journal 73, no. 4 (December 28, 2012): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12064.

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Gessler, N. N., S. Yu Filippovich, G. P. Bachurina, E. A. Kharchenko, N. V. Groza, and T. A. Belozerskaya. "Oxylipins and oxylipin synthesis pathways in fungi." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 53, no. 6 (November 2017): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683817060060.

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Saltveit, Mikal, Youngjun Choi, and Francisco Tomás-Barberán. "Wound-induced Phenolic Accumulation and Browning in Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) Leaf Tissue is Reduced by Exposure to n-alcohols." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1131B—1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1131b.

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A wound signal originates at the site of injury in lettuce [Lactucasativa (L.)] leaf tissue and propagates into adjacent tissue where it induces a number of physiological responses that include increased phenolic metabolism with the de novo synthesis of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), the synthesis and accumulation of soluble phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid), and subsequent tissue browning. Exposing excised mid-rib leaf tissue to vapors (20 μmol·g-1 FW) or aqueous solutions (100 mm) of n-alcohols inhibited this wound-induced tissue browning by 40% and 60%, respectively. Effectiveness of the alcohol increased linearly from ethanol to the seven-carbon heptanol, and then was lost for the longer n-alcohols 1-octanol and 1-nonanol. The 2- and 3-isomers of the effective alcohols did not significantly reduce wound-induced phenolic accumulation at optimal 1-alcohol concentrations, but significant reductions did occur at much higher concentrations (100 μmol·g-1 FW) of the 2-, and 3-isomers. The active n-alcohols were maximally effective when applied during the first 2 h after excision, and were ineffective if applied 12 h after excision. Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) are thought to initiate the oxylipin pathway that culminates in the production of jasmonic acid, and PLD is specifically inhibited by 1-butanol, but not by 2- or 3-butanol. These results suggest that PLD, PA, and the oxylipin pathway may be involved in producing the wound signal responsible for increased wound-induced PAL activity, phenolic accumulation, and browning in fresh-cut lettuce leaf tissue.

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Gorina, Svetlana, Anna Ogorodnikova, Lucia Mukhtarova, and Yana Toporkova. "Gene Expression Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Lipoxygenase Cascade and Oxylipin Signature under Abiotic Stress." Plants 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050683.

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The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids through the lipoxygenase-catalyzed step and subsequent reactions is referred to as the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. The components of this system, such as jasmonates, are involved in growth, development and defense reactions of plants. In this report, we focus on dynamics of expression of different LOX pathway genes and activities of target enzymes with three abiotic stress factors: darkness, salinity and herbicide toxicity. To obtain a more complete picture, the expression profiles of marker genes for salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin and gibberellin-dependent signaling systems under the same stresses were also analyzed. The gene expression in Solanum tuberosum plants was analyzed using qRT-PCR, and we found that the LOX-cascade-related genes responded to darkness, salinity and herbicide toxicity in different ways. We detected activation of a number of 9-LOX pathway genes; however, in contrast to studies associated with biotic stress (infection), the 9-divinyl ether synthase branch of the LOX cascade was inhibited under all three stresses. GC-MS analysis of the oxylipin profiles also showed the main activity of the 9-LOX-cascade-related enzymes after treatment with herbicide and darkness.

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28

Saubeau, Guillaume, Sophie Goulitquer, Dominique Barloy, Philippe Potin, Didier Andrivon, and Florence Val. "Differential induction of oxylipin pathway in potato and tobacco cells by bacterial and oomycete elicitors." Plant Cell Reports 32, no. 5 (March 12, 2013): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1377-y.

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29

Zhu, Ziye, Wenjun Zhou, Yang Yang, Kai Wang, Fenghua Li, and Yanqi Dang. "Quantitative Profiling of Oxylipin Reveals the Mechanism of Pien-Tze-Huang on Alcoholic Liver Disease." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9931542.

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a liver disease caused by long-term alcohol consumption. ROS-mediated oxidative stress is the leading cause of ALD. Pien-Tze-Huang (PZH), a traditional formula, is famous in China. This study was designed to evaluate the effects and explore the potential mechanisms of PZH in ALD. Forty mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (normal diet + vehicle), model group (ethanol diet + vehicle), PZH-L group (ethanol diet + PZH (0.125 g/kg)), PZH-M group (ethanol diet + PZH (0.25 g/kg)), and PZH-H group (ethanol diet + PZH (0.5 g/kg)). The mice were sacrificed, and their liver and blood samples were preserved. Liver steatosis, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were assayed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and total superoxide dismutase were identified using commercial kits. Oxylipins were profiled, and the data were analyzed. The AMPK/ACC/CPT1A pathway was identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The PZH-H intervention significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis and injury and reduced the levels of liver TG and serum ALT and AST. In addition, MDA levels were markedly reduced, and GSH-PX activity significantly increased after PZH-H intervention. Finally, PZH-H increased the levels of 17-HETE, 15-HEPE, 9-HOTrE, 13-HOTrE, and 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, and reduced PGE2 levels. PZH-H intervention also promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, and the expression of CPT1A. In conclusion, PZH reduced oxidative stress and alleviated hepatic steatosis and injury. The mechanism was correlated with the oxylipin metabolites/AMPK/ACC/CPT1A axis.

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Crespo-Salvador, Óscar, Lorena Sánchez-Giménez, Mª López-Galiano, Emma Fernández-Crespo, Loredana Scalschi, Inmaculada García-Robles, Carolina Rausell, M. Real, and Carmen González-Bosch. "The Histone Marks Signature in Exonic and Intronic Regions Is Relevant in Early Response of Tomato Genes to Botrytis cinerea and in miRNA Regulation." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030300.

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Research into the relationship between epigenetic regulation and resistance to biotic stresses provides alternatives for plant protection and crop improvement. To unravel the mechanisms underlying tomato responses to Botrytis cinerea, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showing the increase in H3K9ac mark along the early induced genes SlyDES, SlyDOX1, and SlyLoxD encoding oxylipin-pathway enzymes, and SlyWRKY75 coding for a transcriptional regulator of hormonal signaling. This histone mark showed a more distinct distribution than the previously studied H3K4me3. The RNAPol-ChIP analysis reflected the actual gene transcription associated with increased histone modifications. A different pattern of marks in the oxylipin-related genes against P. syringae supported a pathogen-specific profile, while no significant differences occurred in SlyWRKY75. The epigenetic regulation of SlyWRKY75 by the intron-binding miR1127-3p was supported by the presence of SlyWRKY75 pre-mRNA in control plants. Interestingly, mRNA was found to be accumulated in response to B. cinerea and P. syringae, while reduction in miRNA only occurred against B. cinerea. The intronic region presented a similar pattern of marks than the rest of the gene in both pathosystems, except for H3K4me3 in the miRNA binding site upon B. cinerea. We located the gene encoding Sly-miR1127-3p, which presented reduced H3K4me3 on its promoter against B. cinerea.

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Vicedo, Begonya, Víctor Flors, María de la O Leyva, Ivan Finiti, Zhana Kravchuk, María Dolores Real, Pilar García-Agustín, and Carmen González-Bosch. "Hexanoic Acid-Induced Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Plants." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 11 (November 2009): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-11-1455.

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We have demonstrated that root treatment with hexanoic acid protects tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea. Hexanoic acid-induced resistance (Hx-IR) was blocked in the jasmonic acid (JA)-insensitive mutant jai1 (a coi1 homolog) and in the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant flacca (flc). Upon infection, the LoxD gene as well as the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and the bioactive molecule JA-Ile were clearly induced in treated plants. However, the basal ABA levels were not altered. Hexanoic acid primed callose deposition against B. cinerea in a cultivar-dependent manner. Treated plants from Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, and Rheinlands Ruhm showed increased callose deposition but not from Castlemart. Hexanoic acid did not prime callose accumulation in flc plants upon B. cinerea infection; therefore, ABA could act as a positive regulator of Hx-IR by enhancing callose deposition. Furthermore, although hexanoic acid protected the JA-deficient mutant defensless1 (def1), the priming for callose was higher than in the wild type. This suggests a link between JA and callose deposition in tomato. Hence, the obtained results support the idea that callose, oxylipins, and the JA-signaling pathway are involved in Hx-IR against B. cinerea. Moreover our data support the relevance of JA-signaling for basal defense against this necrotroph in tomato. Hexanoic acid also protected against Pseudomonas syringae, indicating a broad-spectrum effect for this new inducer.

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32

Göbel, Cornelia, Ivo Feussner, Axel Schmidt, Dierk Scheel, Jose Sanchez-Serrano, Mats Hamberg, and Sabine Rosahl. "Oxylipin Profiling Reveals the Preferential Stimulation of the 9-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Elicitor-treated Potato Cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 9 (November 20, 2000): 6267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m008606200.

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33

Chen, Hai-min, Zhu-jun Zhu, Juan-Juan Chen, Rui Yang, Qi-jun Luo, Ji-lin Xu, He Shan, and Xiao-Jun Yan. "A multifunctional lipoxygenase from Pyropia haitanensis— The cloned and functioned complex eukaryotic algae oxylipin pathway enzyme." Algal Research 12 (November 2015): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.09.015.

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34

Bera, S., R. Blundell, D. Liang, D. W. Crowder, and C. L. Casteel. "The Oxylipin Signaling Pathway Is Required for Increased Aphid Attraction and Retention on Virus-Infected Plants." Journal of Chemical Ecology 46, no. 8 (February 17, 2020): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01157-7.

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35

Jagusch, Hans, Markus Werner, Toshiaki Okuno, Takehiko Yokomizo, Oliver Werz, and Georg Pohnert. "An Alternative Pathway to Leukotriene B4 Enantiomers Involving a 1,8-Diol-Forming Reaction of an Algal Oxylipin." Organic Letters 21, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 4667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01554.

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36

Patui, Sonia, Alberto Bertolini, Luisa Clincon, Paolo Ermacora, Enrico Braidot, Angelo Vianello, and Marco Zancani. "Involvement of plasma membrane peroxidases and oxylipin pathway in the recovery from phytoplasma disease in apple (Malus domestica)." Physiologia Plantarum 148, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01708.x.

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37

Hildebrand, D. F., M. Afitlhile, and H. Fukushige. "Regulation of oxylipin synthesis." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 847–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280847.

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Two very common groups of oxylipins formed in plants involve the conversion of fatty acid hydroperoxides, such as hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid, into further metabolites by allene oxide synthase and hydroperoxide lyase. Both of these oxylipin branch pathways appear to be ubiquitous or nearly so in plants, but the relative activities of these two branches vary among plant species. In most plants examined, including Arabidopsis product formation from either of these pathways is minimal until elicited by wounding or some other means, upon which products from both pathways, such as jasmonic acid and C6 aldehydes and alcohols, can increase by orders of magnitude. In some plant species such as Artemisia and Jasminum spp. oxylipin product formation is heavily skewed towards allene oxide synthase products. Others such as watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) produce 10-fold higher amounts or more of hydroperoxide lyase than allene oxide synthase products. Arabidopsis and tobacco are intermediate between these extremes. Artemisia and Jasminum are also unusual in that they do not require wounding or other types of induction for high oxylipin product formation. Release of non-esterified fatty acids appears to be correlated with oxylipin formation, but phospholipase A2 appears not to be involved with oxylipin production, at least in the case of Artemisia leaves.

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38

Esposito, Roberta, Nadia Ruocco, Luisa Albarano, Adrianna Ianora, Loredana Manfra, Giovanni Libralato, and Maria Costantini. "Combined Effects of Diatom-Derived Oxylipins on the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030719.

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Oxylipins are diatom-derived secondary metabolites, deriving from the oxidation of polyunsatured fatty acids that are released from cell membranes after cell damage or senescence of these single-celled algae. Previous results revealed harmful toxic effects of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) and hydroxyacids (HEPEs) on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryonic development by testing individual compounds and mixtures of the same chemical group. Here, we investigated the combined effects of these compounds on sea urchin development at the morphological and molecular level for the first time. Our results demonstrated that oxylipin mixtures had stronger effects on sea urchin embryos compared with individual compounds, confirming that PUAs induce malformations and HEPEs cause developmental delay. This harmful effect was also confirmed by molecular analysis. Twelve new genes, involved in stress response and embryonic developmental processes, were isolated from the sea urchin P. lividus; these genes were found to be functionally interconnected with 11 genes already identified as a stress response of P. lividus embryos to single oxylipins. The expression levels of most of the analyzed genes targeted by oxylipin mixtures were involved in stress, skeletogenesis, development/differentiation, and detoxification processes. This work has important ecological implications, considering that PUAs and HEPEs represent the most abundant oxylipins in bloom-forming diatoms, opening new perspectives in understanding the molecular pathways activated by sea urchins exposed to diatom oxylipins.

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Mukhtarova, Lucia S., Natalia V. Lantsova, Bulat I. Khairutdinov, and Alexander N. Grechkin. "Lipoxygenase pathway in model bryophytes: 12-oxo-9(13),15-phytodienoic acid is a predominant oxylipin in Physcomitrella patens." Phytochemistry 180 (December 2020): 112533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112533.

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40

Leon-Morcillo, R. J., J. Angel, Martin-Rodriguez, H. Vierheilig, J. A. Ocampo, and J. M. Garcia-Garrido. "Late activation of the 9-oxylipin pathway during arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in tomato and its regulation by jasmonate signalling." Journal of Experimental Botany 63, no. 10 (March 22, 2012): 3545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers010.

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41

Starke, Jessica, Rebekka Harting, Isabel Maurus, Miriam Leonard, Rica Bremenkamp, Kai Heimel, James W. Kronstad, and Gerhard H. Braus. "Unfolded Protein Response and Scaffold Independent Pheromone MAP Kinase Signaling Control Verticillium dahliae Growth, Development, and Plant Pathogenesis." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7040305.

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Differentiation, growth, and virulence of the vascular plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae depend on a network of interconnected cellular signaling cascades. The transcription factor Hac1 of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) is required for initial root colonization, fungal growth, and vascular propagation by conidiation. Hac1 is essential for the formation of microsclerotia as long-time survival resting structures in the field. Single endoplasmic reticulum-associated enzymes for linoleic acid production as precursors for oxylipin signal molecules support fungal growth but not pathogenicity. Microsclerotia development, growth, and virulence further require the pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but without the Ham5 scaffold function. The MAPK phosphatase Rok1 limits resting structure development of V.dahliae, but promotes growth, conidiation, and virulence. The interplay between UPR and MAPK signaling cascades includes several potential targets for fungal growth control for supporting disease management of the vascular pathogen V.dahliae.

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42

Karrer, Dominik, Vanessa Weigel, Nikolas Hoberg, Alexander Atamasov, and Martin Rühl. "Biotransformation of [U-13C]linoleic acid suggests two independent ketonic- and aldehydic cycles within C8-oxylipin biosynthesis in Cyclocybe aegerita (V. Brig.) Vizzini." Mycological Progress 20, no. 8 (August 2021): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01719-3.

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AbstractAlthough the typical aroma contributing compounds in fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota are known for decades, their biosynthetic pathways are still unclear. Amongst these volatiles, C8-compounds are probably the most important ones as they function, in addition to their specific perception of fungal odour, as oxylipins. Previous studies focused on C8-oxylipin production either in fruiting bodies or mycelia. However, comparisons of the C8-oxylipin biosynthesis at different developmental stages are scarce, and the biosynthesis in basidiospores was completely neglected. In this study, we addressed this gap and were able to show that the biosynthesis of C8-oxylipins differs strongly between different developmental stages. The comparison of mycelium, primordia, young fruiting bodies, mature fruiting bodies, post sporulation fruiting bodies and basidiospores revealed that the occurance of the two main C8-oxylipins octan-3-one and oct-1-en-3-ol distinguished in different stages. Whereas oct-1-en-3-ol levels peaked in the mycelium and decreased with ongoing maturation, octan-3-one levels increased during maturation. Furthermore, oct-2-en-1-ol, octan-1-ol, oct-2-enal, octan-3-ol, oct-1-en-3-one and octanal contributed to the C8-oxylipins but with drastically lower levels. Biotransformations with [U-13C]linoleic acid revealed that early developmental stages produced various [U-13C]oxylipins, whereas maturated developmental stages like post sporulation fruiting bodies and basidiospores produced predominantly [U-13C]octan-3-one. Based on the distribution of certain C8-oxylipins and biotransformations with putative precursors at different developmental stages, two distinct biosynthetic cycles were deduced with oct-2-enal (aldehydic-cycle) and oct-1-en-3-one (ketonic-cycle) as precursors.

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43

Ongena, Marc, Francéline Duby, Fanny Rossignol, Marie-Laure Fauconnier, Jacques Dommes, and Philippe Thonart. "Stimulation of the Lipoxygenase Pathway Is Associated with Systemic Resistance Induced in Bean by a Nonpathogenic Pseudomonas Strain." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 9 (September 2004): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.9.1009.

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Systemic defense reactions induced in bean by the nonpathogenic Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain reduced disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. Phenylalanine ammonialyase activity and the level of endogenous free salicylic acid were compared in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-treated versus control plants, but no significant differences were detected. Furthermore, no enhanced fungitoxicity was detected in methanolic leaf extracts, suggesting that accumulation of bean phytoalexins was not part of the stimulated defense mechanisms. However, BTP1-inoculated plants showed increased levels of both linoleic and linolenic acids. On this basis, we further investigated whether the lipoxygenase pathway, leading to antifungal phytooxylipins, could have been stimulated. Two key enzymatic activities of this metabolic route, namely lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase, were significantly stimulated during the first four days after challenging BTP1-treated plants with the pathogen. This was observed in parallel with a more rapid consumption of the respective substrates of these enzymes, as revealed by measurements of endogenous concentrations of linolenic acid and their hydroperoxide derivatives. Moreover, headspace-gas chromatography analyses showed significantly higher concentrations of the fungitoxic final product Z-3-hexenal in leaves from BTP1-inoculated beans as compared with control plants. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the oxylipin pathway can be associated with enhanced disease resistance induced in bean plants by nonpathogenic rhizobacteria.

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44

Davoine, Céline, Olivier Falletti, Thierry Douki, Gilles Iacazio, Najla Ennar, Jean-Luc Montillet, and Christian Triantaphylidès. "Adducts of Oxylipin Electrophiles to Glutathione Reflect a 13 Specificity of the Downstream Lipoxygenase Pathway in the Tobacco Hypersensitive Response." Plant Physiology 140, no. 4 (February 24, 2006): 1484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.074690.

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45

Liu, Xiaoqiang, Feng Li, Jiuyou Tang, Weihong Wang, Fengxia Zhang, Guodong Wang, Jinfang Chu, et al. "Activation of the Jasmonic Acid Pathway by Depletion of the Hydroperoxide Lyase OsHPL3 Reveals Crosstalk between the HPL and AOS Branches of the Oxylipin Pathway in Rice." PLoS ONE 7, no. 11 (November 29, 2012): e50089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050089.

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46

Azbukina, Nadezhda V., Alexander V. Lopachev, Dmitry V. Chistyakov, Sergei V. Goriainov, Alina A. Astakhova, Vsevolod V. Poleshuk, Rogneda B. Kazanskaya, Tatiana N. Fedorova, and Marina G. Sergeeva. "Oxylipin Profiles in Plasma of Patients with Wilson’s Disease." Metabolites 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10060222.

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Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from mutations in the copper-transporting, P-type ATPase gene ATP7B gene, but influences of epigenetics, environment, age, and sex-related factors on the WD phenotype complicate diagnosis and clinical manifestations. Oxylipins, derivatives of omega-3, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are signaling mediators that are deeply involved in innate immunity responses; the regulation of inflammatory responses, including acute and chronic inflammation; and other disturbances related to any system diseases. Therefore, oxylipin profile tests are attractive for the diagnosis of WD. With UPLC-MS/MS lipidomics analysis, we detected 43 oxylipins in the plasma profiles of 39 patients with various clinical manifestations of WD compared with 16 healthy controls (HCs). Analyzing the similarity matrix of oxylipin profiles allowed us to cluster patients into three groups. Analysis of the data by VolcanoPlot and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that eight oxylipins and lipids stand for the variance between WD and HCs: eicosapentaenoic acid EPA, oleoylethanolamide OEA, octadecadienoic acids 9-HODE, 9-KODE, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrenoic acid 12-HHT, prostaglandins PGD2, PGE2, and 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids 14,15-DHET. The compounds indicate the involvement of oxidative stress damage, inflammatory processes, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways in this disease. The data reveal novel possible therapeutic targets and intervention strategies for treating WD.

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47

Gao, Xiquan, James Starr, Cornelia Göbel, Jürgen Engelberth, Ivo Feussner, James Tumlinson, and Michael Kolomiets. "Maize 9-Lipoxygenase ZmLOX3 Controls Development, Root-Specific Expression of Defense Genes, and Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 1 (January 2008): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-1-0098.

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Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are severe pests of maize. Although lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways and their oxylipin products have been implicated in plant–nematode interactions, prior to this report there was no conclusive genetic evidence for the function of any plant LOX gene in such interactions. We showed that expression of a maize 9-LOX gene, ZmLOX3, increased steadily and peaked at 7 days after inoculation with Meloidogyne incognita RKN. Mu-insertional lox3-4 mutants displayed increased attractiveness to RKN and an increased number of juveniles and eggs. A set of jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene (ET)-responsive and biosynthetic genes as well as salicylic acid (SA)-dependent genes were overexpressed specifically in the roots of lox3-4 mutants. Consistent with this, levels of JA, SA, and ET were elevated in lox3-4 mutant roots, but not in leaves. Unlike wild types, in lox3-4 mutant roots, a phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene was not RKN-inducible, suggesting a role for PAL-mediated metabolism in nematode resistance. In addition to these alterations in the defense status of roots, lox3-4 knockout mutants displayed precocious senescence and reduced root length and plant height compared with the wild type, suggesting that ZmLOX3 is required for normal plant development. Taken together, our data indicate that the ZmLOX3-mediated pathway may act as a root-specific suppressor of all three major defense signaling pathways to channel plant energy into growth processes, but is required for normal levels of resistance against nematodes.

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48

Apaya, Maria Karmella, Chih-Yu Lin, Ching-Yi Chiou, Chung-Chih Yang, Chen-Yun Ting, and Lie-Fen Shyur. "Simvastatin and a Plant Galactolipid Protect Animals from Septic Shock by Regulating Oxylipin Mediator Dynamics through the MAPK-cPLA2 Signaling Pathway." Molecular Medicine 21, no. 1 (January 2015): 988–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2015.00082.

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49

López-Ráez, Juan A., Adriaan Verhage, Iván Fernández, Juan M. García, Concepción Azcón-Aguilar, Victor Flors, and María J. Pozo. "Hormonal and transcriptional profiles highlight common and differential host responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the regulation of the oxylipin pathway." Journal of Experimental Botany 61, no. 10 (April 8, 2010): 2589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq089.

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50

Fontana, Angelo, Giuliana d'Ippolito, Adele Cutignano, Antonio Miralto, Adrianna Ianora, Giovanna Romano, and Guido Cimino. "Chemistry of oxylipin pathways in marine diatoms." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779040481.

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Oxylipins are important signal transduction molecules widely distributed in animals and plants where they regulate a variety of events associated with physiological and pathological processes. The family embraces several different metabolites that share a common origin from the oxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biological role of these compounds has been especially studied in mammalians and higher plants, although a varied and very high concentration of these products has also been reported from marine macroalgae. This article gives a summary of our results concerning the oxylipin chemistry of marine diatoms, a major class of planktonic microalgae that discourage predation from their natural grazers, zooplanktonic copepods, using chemical warfare. These apparently harmless microscopic cells produce a plethora of oxylipins, including short-chain unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxyl-, keto-, and epoxyhydroxy fatty acid derivatives, that induce reproductive failure in copepods through abortions, congenital malformations, and reduced larval growth. The biochemical process involved in the production of these compounds shows a simple regulation based on decompartmentation and mixing of preexisting enzymes and requires hydrolysis of chloroplast-derived glycolipids to feed the downstream activities of C16 and C20 lipoxygenases.

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