Дисертації з теми "Oxygen Atom"
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Sieker, Anke. "Oxygen atom transfer reactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12933.
Повний текст джерелаBray, Mark Richard. "The computational modelling of oxygen atom transfer reactions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245932.
Повний текст джерелаGreen, David Kluttz. "Oxygen atom transfer reactions of oxo-chromium(IV) porphyrins." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27297.
Повний текст джерелаMcLeod, G. G. "Atomisation and recombination reactions of oxygen, hydrogen and deuterium." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381363.
Повний текст джерелаKafentzi, Maria Chrysanthi. "Reactive copper-oxygen species for C-H activation : influence of nuclearity and oxygen atom donor." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4355/document.
Повний текст джерелаCopper-containing monooxygenases are enzymatic systems capable of transferring an oxygen atom to their subtrates in highly regio or stereo-specific modes. Model complexes for copper-containing monooxygenases have provided valuable information on the structure and reactivity of several copper-dioxygen adducts. However, the recent discovery of two new enzymatic systems (LPMO and pMMO) able to perform activation of very strong C-H bonds has re-opened the debate on the catalytically relevant copper-dioxygen species. The use of model systems that mimic an enzyme is a simple approach to obtain a better knowledge of how nature works. For this study, Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes containing ligand-substrate were prepared. After reaction with different oxidants or O-atom donors, we investigated the regio- and stereo-selectivity of the oxidation of the internal substrate. Based on the relatively well-known chemistry of Cu(I) with dioxygen, we, were also interested in investigating the water as an O-atom donor in C-H bond activation reactions. We have therefore investigated electrochemical water oxidation or activation to generate dioxygen and selective oxygen-insertion into the substrate-bound moiety. Finally, we explored the properties of mixed-metal dioxygen species as compared to their homometalic counter-parts. Indeed heterobimetallic active sites are found in various metalloenzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase. Therefore, two new high-valent Cu-Ni heterobimetallic complexes were synthesized. We investigated their electronic properties using various spectroscopic methods and their reactivity was evaluated towards external and internal substrates (indane)
Miner, Gilda Ann Newton. "Continuous Electron Stimulated Oxygen Atom Emission from Ag Permeation Membranes." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625976.
Повний текст джерелаMcGuckin, Margaret Rose Mary. "Synthesis and reactions of three-membered heterocyles containing an oxygen atom." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335934.
Повний текст джерелаChang, Liu. "Ghost in the shell : Studies on subsurface oxygen in oxide-derived copper nanocube catalysts." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147215.
Повний текст джерелаAlessi, Dario <1990>. "Reviewing interactions between uranyl’s oxygen atom, hydrogen, p block elements, and their effects in uranium-oxygen bond length." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18359.
Повний текст джерелаHaley, Craig Stuart. "A feasibility study of the Microsatellite Experiment for Sounding Oxygen atom densities (MESO)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0024/MQ39198.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHansen, Craig Allen. "Carbonyl cyclopentadienylnitro complexes of iron and ruthenium and their oxygen atom transfer reactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184482.
Повний текст джерелаVo, Nhat Tam. "Bioinspired semi-hemic iron(III) complex for chemical and photochemical oxygen atom transfer reactions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS319.
Повний текст джерелаHydrocarbon oxidation is a real challenging chemical transformation both in biology and chemistry. Highly oxidized metal-oxo species are the active intermediates to perform these transformations. In this manuscript we report the synthesis and characterization of an iron(III) complex supported by a non-innocent hemi-porphyrinic ligand, constructed with a dipyrrin fragment and two pyridine functions. The iron(III) complexes have been prepared and characterized, with a focus on their electrochemical behavior and their potential use as catalysts in the activation of green oxygen source such as dioxygen and water for hydrocarbon oxidation. We found that these complexes can catalyze the oxidation of a fair variety of substrates using oxidant agent such as iodosylbenzene. Intriguingly, our gathered results point to a reactivity pattern that stems from a low-oxidation state iron species. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mössbauer analyses support a high spin iron(III) reactive species. Furthermore, data from mass spectrometry and Infra-red spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations helped us to propose the chemical formulation of this chemically generated intermediate where the ligand has been reversibly oxidized. Additionally, these complexes were used as catalysts in a photocatalytic system using a reversible electron acceptor to preclude the “evil necessity” of a sacrificial electron donor. Our study provides a new paradigm to perform photoinduced oxygen atom transfer reactions with solely light as energy input and O₂ as oxygen atom source in aqueous solution
Sakurai, Hideo. "Theoretical study on the interaction between first row transition metal atom and oxygen molecule." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150008.
Повний текст джерелаNagai, Hisao, Mineo Hiramatsu, Masaru Hori, and Toshio Goto. "Measurement of oxygen atom density employing vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy with microdischarge hollow cathode lamp." American Institute of Physics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7098.
Повний текст джерелаMcEwan, John Allison. "Synthesis, characterisation and oxygen atom transfer reactions of a series of cis-dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1374.
Повний текст джерелаKelso, Hailey. "Dynamics of oxygen atom reactions with hydrocarbons in the gas phase and at the gas - liquid interface." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/327.
Повний текст джерелаHodgkiss, Justin M. (Justin Mark) 1978. "Mechanistic studies of photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer and oxygen atom transfer reactions in model systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38539.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Time-resolved optical spectroscopy has been employed for mechanistic studies in model systems designed to undergo photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions, both of which are important to energy conversion chemistry (Chapter I). The effect of coupling proton transfer (PT) to electron transfer (ET) depends on their spatial configuration, thus model PCET systems must control both. Noncovalent amidinium-carboxylate PT interfaces are used assemble an electron D/A pairs (D = donor, A = acceptor), establishing uni-directional ET and PT coordinates. A highly conjugated porphyrin-amidinium derivative bears optical signatures that report on the structure of PT interfaces formed upon association with carboxylate acceptors (Chapter II). PT is supported within the interface and the mediating proton's position is sensitive to the peripheral electronic structure. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is applied to a related porphyrin D---[H+]---A assembly, where ---[H+]--- = amidinecarboxylic acid (Chapter III). Specific probe wavelengths are targeted in order to amplify the optical signatures of PCET over those of competing quenching mechanisms.
(cont.) The observed PCET rates are strongly attenuated compared with comparable covalentlybridged analogues, indicating that the PT interface reduces electronic coupling. Temperature-isotope dependence of the PCET rates reveals an unusual inverse isotope effect at low temperature, which is interpreted in a model of vibrationally-assisted PCET (chapter IV). Hangman porphyrin dyads have been developed to study bi-directional PCET in relation to oxygen activation. ET and PT coordinates are orthogonalized at fixed distances about a FeIII-OH center (Chapters V and VI). TA spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations reveal that the structural reorganization attendant to metal-centered PCET imposes a severe kinetic cost and alternative quenching pathways prevail. Finally, TA spectroscopy has been used to elucidate the mechanism of photocatalytic OAT for bridged diiron [mu]-oxo bisporphyrins (Chapter VII). The [mu]-oxo bond is photo-cleaved to generate a terminal iron(IV) oxo, which undergoes OAT to nucleophilic substrates. OAT rates are maximized when the bridge actively splays the porphyrin subunits apart to present the oxo before reclamping can occur.
by Justin M. Hodgkiss.
Ph.D.
Hjelm, Vivien. "Optimizing a Single Atom Catalyst for theOxygen Evolution Reaction using DensityFunctional Theory." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259703.
Повний текст джерелаRunt om i världen finns ett ökat intresse för förnyelsebara energi och bränslekällor för att tackla klimat förändringarna. Stor del av forskningen som görs idag har i syfte att hitta nya lösningar för att minska klimatpåverkan i olika områden. Ett av forskningsområderna är hitta vägar till en miljövänligare vätgasproduktion där vätgasen skulle kunna användas i bränsleceller. Dessa celler kan sättas i elbilar och på så sätt fasa ut användingen av fossila bränslen. En av utmaningarna för vätgasproduktionen är att den idag är kostsam och kräver mycket energi. Forskare försöker hitta olika katalysatorer som kan minska energiåtgången som krävs vid elektrolys av vatten där syrgas och vätgas produceras. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att se hur en single atom catalyst kan påverka reaktionskinitiken för den syrgasbildande reaktionen vid elektrolys av vatten. Huvudstrukturen för katalysatorn som beräkningarna är gjorda på är en porphyrinmolekyl där olika övergångsmetaller kommer testas som det aktiva sätet i katalysatorn. Olika ligander kommer även tillsättas systemet samt utbyte av några väteatomer till olika substituenter i porfyrinstrukturen. Katalysatorn optimerades i det kvantkemiska beräkningsprogrammet Gaussian 16 med funktionalen PBE0 med basset Def2svp och Def2tzvpp. Resultaten visade att olika modifikationer på systemet hade en påverkan på katalysatorns aktivitet. Den största påverkan hade de olika liganderna som placerades under det aktiva sätet jämfört med de olika substituenterna. De bästa metallerna för katalysatorn var iridium, rhodium och kobolt vilket alla ligger i grupp nio i det periodiska systemet. Den lägsta överpotentialen på 0.513 V gavs av iridium systemet med fyra utbyta väten till fluor.
Hanning-Lee, Mark Adrian. "A study of atom and radical kinetics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89cabe5d-7cc8-43b3-8c2a-686563ff1b3f.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Xiaoli. "Syntheses, structures, electrochemical and oxygen atom transfer properties of molybdenum and tungsten complexes with sulfur and selenium containing ligands." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2007/ma.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Junbo. "Effect of Defects and Photoexcited Electrons on CO2 Reduction using Supported Single Atom Catalysts." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1266.
Повний текст джерелаYip, Ka-lai, and 葉嘉麗. "Ruthenium and osmium-nitrogen mulitple bonded complexes with chelatingnitrogen and/or oxygen atom donor ligands: synthesis, structures and reactivity studies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501517X.
Повний текст джерелаQuichaud, Viviane. "Etude des processus elementaires : de synthese de la molecule no, en post-decharge en ecoulement, de collisions titane-gaz rares, titane-molecules, par perturbation laser resolue en temps." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066135.
Повний текст джерелаPenfold, Hazel. "Towards Oxygen and Temperature Sensitive Paints : The Use of Non-Aqueous Dispersion Polymerisation and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation to Control Photoluminescent Environments." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499758.
Повний текст джерелаAzordegan, Amir R. (Amir Reza). "Charge State Dependence of L-Shell X-Ray Production Cross Sections of ₂₈Ni, ₂₉Cu, ₃₀Zn, ₃₁Ga, and ₃₂Ge by Energetic Oxygen Ions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277981/.
Повний текст джерелаCecchini, Chiara. "Late Transition Metal-Oxo complexes: Synthesis, and Biorelevant Reactivity." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11249/.
Повний текст джерелаMach, Jindřich. "Vývoj a aplikace UHV zařízení pro depozice tenkých vrstev (Atomární a iontové svazkové systémy)." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233933.
Повний текст джерелаSamimi, Peyman. "Combinatorial Assessment of the Influence of Composition and Exposure Time on the Oxidation Behavior and Concurrent Oxygen-induced Phase Transformations of Binary Ti-x Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801898/.
Повний текст джерелаYu, Bin. "Development of silver nanocatalyst for propylene selective oxidation reaction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f3f0556-bff1-4af1-bfe0-0e62b0425bff.
Повний текст джерелаBanert, Klaus, Sandra Bochmann, Andreas Ihle, Oliver Plefka, Florian Taubert, Tina Walther, Marcus Korb, Tobias Rüffer, and Heinrich Lang. "Synthesis with Perfect Atom Economy: Generation of Furan Derivatives by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Acetylenedicarboxylates at Cyclooctynes." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-152891.
Повний текст джерелаHe, Tianwei. "Computational discovery and design of nanocatalysts for high efficiency electrochemical reactions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203969/1/Tianwei_He_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAstruc, Jean-Pierre. "Transfert d'électron entre atomes excités et molécules dans une expérience en jets croisés avec fluorescence résolue dans le temps." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132020.
Повний текст джерелаZawadzki, Andressa de. "Reações envolvendo NOx mediadas por Fe-heme em alimentos e sistemas biológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-04042013-145133/.
Повний текст джерелаFor long time, the anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were considered inert end products of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and undesirable constituents of the diet. Currently, there is an increasing interest for potential reactions which may occur in physiological conditions involving specially the nitrite ion and mediated by transition metal complexes. Heme NOx iron complexes are involved in meat curing process (meat pigmentation) and are able to oxidize substrates indirectly generating reactive species or directly by oxygen atom transfer reactions (OAT). Lipids, fundamental cellular constituents of membranes and lipoproteins, and thiols, important antioxidants and protein constituents, may serve as substrates to OAT and their oxidation may promote damage to the organism Considering that the mechanism and kinetic and thermodinamic parameters of these reaction have not yet been fully elucidated to explain the varied functionality of these complexes, the present research project aim to bring a better understanding of redox reactions involving NOx mediated by iron porphyrins in foods and biological systems. Thiols, important antioxidants and protein constituents, may serve as substrates to OAT and their oxidation may promote damage to the organism. The present work aims to bring a better understanding of the mechanism, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the reaction involving nitrite mediated by iron-porphyrins in food and biological systems.
Tipping, A. K. "Bonded interstitial carbon, boron and oxygen atoms in silicon." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378165.
Повний текст джерелаRalph, D. G. "Studies of reactions of excited oxygen atoms of atmospheric importance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355794.
Повний текст джерелаWard, M. D. "Reactions of hydrogen and oxygen atoms on interstellar grain analogues." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1355953/.
Повний текст джерелаBacia, Maria. "Comportement du carbone aux joints de grains du molybdène." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG4210.
Повний текст джерелаTaylor, Craig A. (Craig Allan). "Kinetic Study of the Reactions of Oxygen Atoms with Nitric Oxide and Silane." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935556/.
Повний текст джерелаBillington, Andrew P. "High and low temperature studies of nitrogen atoms and singlet molecular oxygen." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716857.
Повний текст джерелаFerger, Neil Michael. "Some gas phase reactions of oxygen and halogen atoms under single collision conditions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257953.
Повний текст джерелаSweeney, Gillian Michelle. "The state-to-state dynamics of the reactions of oxygen atoms with hydrocarbons." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13060.
Повний текст джерелаRander, Torbjörn. "Photoelectron Spectroscopy on Atoms, Molecules and Clusters : The Geometric and Electronic Structure Studied by Synchrotron Radiation and Lasers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8343.
Повний текст джерелаAtoms, molecules and clusters all constitute building blocks of macroscopic matter. Therefore, understanding the electronic and geometrical properties of such systems is the key to understanding the properties of solid state objects.
In this thesis, some atomic, molecular and cluster systems (clusters of O2, CH3Br, Ar/O2, Ar/Xe and Ar/Kr; dimers of Na; Na and K atoms) have been investigated using synchrotron radiation, and in the two last instances, laser light. We have performed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on all of these systems. We have also applied ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) and near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) to study many of the systems. Calculations using ab initio methods, namely density functional theory (DFT) and Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP), were employed for electronic structure calculations. The geometrical structure was studied using a combination of ab initio and molecular dynamics (MD) methods.
Results on the dissociation behavior of CH3Br and O2 molecules in clusters are presented. The dissociation of the Na2 molecule has been characterized and the molecular field splitting of the Na 2p level in the dimer has been measured. The molecular field splitting of the CH3Br 3d level has been measured and the structure of CH3Br clusters has been determined to be similar to the structure of the bulk solid. The diffusion behavior of O2, Kr and Xe on large Ar clusters, as a function of doping rate, has been investigated. The shake-down process has been observed from excited states of Na and K. Laser excited Na atoms have been shown to be magnetically aligned. The shake-down process was used to characterize the origin of various final states that can be observed in the spectrum of ground-state K.
Matengaifa, R. "Adsorption of oxygen molecules on platinum surfaces modified with subsurface atoms of vanadium : a DFT study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13302.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to investigate changes in the electronic structure of platinum as a result of alloying with vanadium, and the effects of these changes on O2 adsorption. This is important for the further development of hydrogen fuel cells, because the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) presently requires O2 adsorption to occur on pure platinum, which is a prohibitively expensive material. A computational study has therefore been undertaken on alloying platinum (which reduces cost) with vanadium (for which there is plentiful experimental data) and the consequences for O2 adsorption. The first moment of the d-band of platinum alloy DOS was used to represent the d-band centre. The d-band centre of Pt-PDOS became lower as a result of hybridisation between platinum and vanadium. The d-band centre of a pure platinum surface with respect to the Fermi level is -1.99eV, but it is shifted to -3.23eV when vanadium atoms are added to the subsurface layer. The adsorption energies of O2 are sensitive to a combination of calculation parameters used. In this work, the calculations were executed using the CASTEP code. This is a plane wave pseudo potential code. The most stabilised geometry of an adsorbed molecule on pure Pt (111) was at the fcc site and had an adsorption energy of -1,91eV. The adsorption energy at the bridge site of Pt (111) is -1.81eV. When subsurface vanadium atoms were introduced, the equilibrium surface-molecule bond lengths increased. The adsorption energy at the fcc site shifted to -1.37eV, -1.43 for the bridge site and -1.45eV for the hcp site. It was concluded that the presence of vanadium atoms in the surface region destabilises an adsorbed oxygen molecule but a more detailed study is needed to show the effect of the solute atoms on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the whole oxygen reduction reaction chain.
Deutsch, Kerry Ann. "Behavior of the atomic oxygen 5577 Ångström emission intensity at mid-latitudes : a climatological view /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6803.
Повний текст джерелаHerrera-Morales, Paulo Emilio. "Quantum chemistry calculations of the reactions of gaseous oxygen atoms with clean and adsorbate-terminated Si(100)-(2x1)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008393.
Повний текст джерелаRaffanel, Sylvie. "Proprietes thermodynamiques et de transport de melanges gazeux : azote/oxygene/argon dans les domaines 1p200 atm, 1000t30000 k." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30165.
Повний текст джерелаBowman, Sherrie S. "Atomic and Molecular Oxygen Kinetics Involved in Low Temperature Repetitively Pulsed Nonequilibrium Plasmas." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1370365358.
Повний текст джерелаSuraud, Marie-Gabrielle. "Etude par spectrométrie X (10 [angström] [inférieur ou égal à] [lamda] [inférieur ou égal à] 100 [angström]) de l'échange de charge lors de collision à basse énergie, entre un ion multichargé et une cible neutre." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10038.
Повний текст джерелаMane, Mane. "Adsorption des hydrocarbures insaturés (éthylène et propylène) sur la surface Pt(111) nue et en présence de coadsorbats (alcalins, oxygène, alcalins oxydés) : étude par AES, TDS, UPS, XPS et NEXAFS." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10062.
Повний текст джерелаMorin, Julien. "Etudes expérimentales des réactions des radicaux OH et des atomes d’oxygène d’intérêt pour l’atmosphère et la combustion." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to study the reactions of alkyl nitrates with OH radicals relevant to atmosphere and reactions of OH radical with alkanes and oxygen atoms with olefins of interest for combustion chemistry. All reactions were studied in low pressure flow reactors (including high temperature flow reactor developed during the thesis) coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer with electron impact ionization. For OH reaction with nitrates, the temperature dependence of the rate constant was measured in an extended temperature range for ten alkyl nitrates, for eight of them for the first time. For six nitrates, the products of reaction pathway leading to direct recycling of NO₂ (H atom abstraction from α carbon) were observed and their yields were measured. The large amount of data obtained in this work has been used for an update of the structure-activity relation (SAR) for the reactions of alkyl nitrates with OH and will improve existing atmospheric models. For the reactions of OH radicals with three alkanes and O atoms with ethene and propene the rate constants were measured over a wide temperature range, 220-900 K. Moreover, the distribution of the products of the multichannel reactions O + olefin was determined as a function of temperature for the first time. These results are expected to improve current combustion models